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Abstract
The flexural failure strength of asphalt mixtures was investigated as a first local trial study
to compare and construct relationships with corresponding Marshall stability . The type and
grading of aggregate were taken into consideration .
The results include Marshall stability – flexural load relationship ; flexural load variation with
asphalt contents ; Marshall stability quotients (Marshall stability / flow ) comparison with
flexural load quotients ( flexural load / deflection ) with variation of asphalt contents and
constructing their relationships ; and variation of flexural strength (modulus of rupture ) with
asphalt contents .
The results showed that there is second degree polynomial relationship between Marshall
stability and flexural load on one hand and between Marshall stability and flexural load
quotients on the other hand . Significant differences resulted between Marshall stability and
flexural loads and between their load quotients for each asphalt content . The type and grading
of aggregate affect flexural stiffness with asphalt contents .
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} { JZS(Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani, 2007, 9 (1( Part A (
} { A )1 ( )1 (9 2007
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} { JZS(Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani, 2007, 9 (1( Part A (
} { A )1 ( )1 (9 2007
mixes with crushed of well and open graded significant effect on flexural strength , while
aggregate . the type of aggregate has significant effect
4.construct relationships between Marshall .The crushed aggregate causes greater strength
stability load quotients and flexural load than uncrushed aggregate .
quotients.
Marshall Stability and Flexural Load
Quotients
Results and Discussion Load quotient (load/flow) ratio particularly
Marshall Stability – Flexural Load flexural load quotient can be considered as
Relationships good indication for stiffness of flexible
The Marshall stability load increases at a low pavement.The high value of flexural quotient
rate with increase of flexural load. Fig. ( 3 ) means low flow or deflections governs high
shows linear and polynomial models of this stiff pavement or low flexibility.
relationship well and open graded crushed Fig.(5-a) shows the variations of Marshall
aggregate. stability and flexural load quotients with
The linear models asphalt contents for crushed aggregate of well
y = 3.3671 x2 + 9.518 R2 = 0.3017 (well– and open gradings. In each case of variations
graded aggregate) and y = 2.1467 x2 + 12.326 first rises to peak value and then falls .
where x = flexural load, and Marshall stability quotients for both well and
y = Marshall stability load open gradings are approximately the same (i.e
R2 = 0.3301 (open–graded aggregate) with no significant differences) and of
are relatively of weak correlations . The relatively low values ranging from3.76 to
ANOVA analysis is shown in Table (1) . In the 6.92KN/mm compared to that of flexural
case of open-graded aggregate the values of quotient values which ranges between 1.0 and
R2 and F are higher than those of well-graded 28.4KN/mm . There are significant
aggregate whereas polynomial models differences in flexural quotient values for well
y = 10.558x + 20.705x - 19961 and open graded aggregate , in which well
R2 = 0.6712 ( well –graded aggregate) and y graded aggregates result higher values
= 2.7958 x2 +4.6058 x - 15.705 R2 = 0.3954 .Flexural load quotient (load/deflection)
(open– graded aggregate) indicates the relative stiffness . The higher the
give stronger relationships with higher values value of the quotient means the higher
of R2 and F. stiffness .. Fig.(5b) shows histogram
The range of values for Marshall stability and representation of all above Marshall stability
flexural loads are 9.87 - 18.637 kN and 0.56 – and flexural load quotients .
1.88 kN respectively.
Marshall Stability and Flexural
Flexural Load Variation with Asphalt Quotients Relationships
Content Marshall stability – flexural load quotient
The variation of flexural load with asphalt relationships of quadratic model gives
content seems to be relatively similar to that relatively good correlations shown in Fig.
of Marshall stability load and asphalt contents ( 6) :
for both well and open graded of crushed and
uncrushed aggregates . It appears that grading y = -11.879x2 + 124.13x – 289.9
of aggregate has no significant effect on R2 = 0.4721
flexural load as per Fig. (4A-a) and Fig.(4A- y = -17.004 + 210.86x –625.79
b) ,while there is significant effects due to R2 = 0.6759
type of aggregate. Fig.(4A-c) and Fig.(4A-d)
show these effects . The ANOVA analysis for this relationships is
Fig.(4B) shows corresponding flexural shown in Table (2)
strengths in which the grading has no
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References
1.“ The Shell Bitumen Handbook , Shell Bitumen , 1990 , U.K .
2.Asphalt Institute “ SUPERPAVE , Super pave Mix Design “ , Super pave Series
1996.2 (SP-2) , printing .
3.Ali , N.S. “ Effect of Gap Graded Aggregate on Asphalt Concrete Properties “ ,
ZANCO , The Scientific Journal of Salahaddin University/ Arbil 1993. 5 , No. 3,
1992-1993 .
4.Ali ,N.S. 2003 “Skid Resistance Evaluation of Asphalt Paving Mixtures “ , ZANCO,
Journal of Pure and Applied Science Salahaddin University/ Arbil, 2004. 16, 3.
5 . El-Rawi , N.M. " Skid Resistance of Sulphate Mixtures " , Journal of Building
Research , Building Research Centre , Council for Scientific Research. Baghdad .
1983,2 , No.1, May,.
6. Fwa,T.F. , Tan,S.A. , and Zhu,L.Y. “Rutting Prediction of Asphalt Pavement layer Using C-Ø Model” ,
Journal Transportation Engineering , 2004,130 , pp. 675-683 (September / October
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( } { JZS(Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani, 2007, 9 (1( Part A
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ثوختة
لةم باسةدا بارى جةمانةوةى تيَكةلةى قيِرى ثشكيَنراولة طةل دروست كردنى
ثةيوةندى لة ني ََوان بارى مارشالى جيَطير و بارى جةمانةوة و جوَر و طريَدى ضةو و لم
رِاضاو كرا.
ئةنجامةكان بري ََتيبون لة :ثةيوةندى نيَوان بارى مارشالى جيَطير و بارى ضةمانةوة و
ة كورينى ريذةى قبِر طؤرِانةكانى هةردوو بارى مارشالى جيَطير و بارى جةمانة وة لة ط َ
و ثةيوةندى نيَوان بارى مارشالى جيَطيرى ريذةيى (بارى مارشالى جيكيرى دابةش لة
سةر كشان) و بارى جةمانةوةى رِيَذةيى (بارى جةمانةوة دابةش لة سةر دابةزين) ،لة
طةل بةراوردكردن لةنَيوانيان بة طؤرِينى رِيذةى قيِر و ثيَوانى بةرهةلَستى جةمانةوة بة
طؤرِينى رِيذةى قيِر .
تويَذينةكة دةريخست كةوا ثةيوةنيديةكى ضةماوة لة نيَوان بارى جةمانةوة و بارى
ل دةركةوتنى مارشالى جيَطير هةيةلة ليةكيتر لة نيَوان هةردوو بارى رِيَذةيى ،لةطة َ
جياوازى بار و بةرهةلَستى ضةمانة بة طؤرِينى جوَر و طريَدى ضةو و لم .
تم قياس و فحص قوة و مقاومة النثناء كمحاولة أولية محلية لدراسة المقارنة و بناء علقة مع
قوة استقرار مارشال .وقد تم اخذ نوع و تدرج الركام بنظر العتبار وشملت النتائج كل من :
علقة قوة استقرار مارشال – قوة الثنى و تغييرات قوة الثنى مع محتوى السفلتى و علقة قوة
استقرار مارشال النسبية (قوة استقرار المارشال مقسومة على الزحف) – قوة الثنى النسييه
(قوة الثنى مقسومة على الود ) و المقارنه بينهما بتغيير محتوى السفلتى و حساب قيمة
مقاومة الثنى و تغييراتها مع محتوى السفلتى.
و قد بينت نتائج الدراسة بوجود علقة غير خطية من الدرجة الثانيه لكل من قوة الثنى مع قوة
استقرار المارشال من جهة و بين قوة الثنى النسبيه قوة مارشال النسبيه و لوحظ فارق كبير
نسبى بين قوة استقرار المارشال و قوتها النسبيه مع قوة الثنى و قوتها النسبيه بتغيير نوع و
تدرج الركام .
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