FE Exam Review for

Structural Analysis
Prof. V. Saouma
Oct. 2013

 Structural Analysis is part of the afternoon exam.

 In the afternoon, you are to answer 60 questions, and Structural Analysis is about 10%
of the test content (or about 6 questions).
 Each question is worth 2 points.
 You are expected to know:
1. Structural analysis of statically determinate beams, trusses and frames.
2. Deflection analysis of statically determinate beams, trusses and frames.
3. Stability analysis of beams, trusses and frames.
4. Column analysis (e.g. buckling, boundary conditions).
5. Loads and load paths (e.g. dead, live, moving).
6. Elementary statically indeterminate structures.
 The only page in the “Supplied-Reference Handbook” related to Structural Analysis
(shown in the next page).
 Make sure that you know how to make best use of it, as it contains:
1. Reminder of what do we mean by “Moving Loads”.
2. Beam-Stiffness and moment carryover: to use for the analysis of statically
indeterminate beams (unlikely that you get a SI frame).
3. Equations for the calculations of the deflections of trusses and beams using the
virtual work method. Careful it is the virtual force/moment time the actual
displacement (FL/AE for trusses, and M/EI for beams).
4. Member fixed end actions for uniform and concentrated load.
 I strongly recommend that you also memorize: for the maximum deflection of
a uniformly loaded, simply supported beam.
 Careful with the SI units, GPa is 109 Pa or 109 N/m2 Many problems use the SI system.
 In most cases, you will be dealing with round numbers, which greatly simplify your
calculations.
 Do not be tricked in believing that all triangles are 3-4-5.
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in組 acc叩七回
(
B)3
6此 ab
l erang
e.
(
0
)44氏 (
B) No， th
eVMAi sexces
sive
(
D)7
2ft (
0) No， th
ed us
t-t
oa sp
ha
田ltrat
ioistooh
igh
(
D) No， Gm matNm i st ooh
日ig
h.
3
6. Thede
sig
nr eq
uire
men
tsforas
ect
iono
fhi
ghw
ay
w
itha1.5%grad
ea r
easfo
llo
ws. 39.A r oadlead
ingt oas 七onequarryist ra
veledby
40trucs，
k wi七heachtruckmakinganaverageof1 0tri
ps
des
ignspeed=80kmjh perday. Whenf ull
yl oadd，
e ea
cht r
uckc o
nsis七sofa
co
eff
ici
entoffr
ict
ion=0.35 fro
ntsingl
ea x
letransmi
ttingaf o
rceof1 0，
000l bfand
driv
erreact
iontime= 2
.0s tworeartandema xlse
eう a
cha x
let r
ansmitt
ingaf or
ce
dr
ive
re yehe
ight=1.2m of20，0
00lbf.Thel oadequiv
alenc
yf a
ctorforthef r
ont
o
bje
ct(
tobe師 oided
)h e
ight= 0
.2m sin
gleaxleis0.0
877. Thel oadequiva
lencyf配 torfor
eachrea
rtandema xleis0.12
06.
Thedownhi
1
ldes
ignb
rak
ingd
ist
anc
efo
rth
ish
igh
way
i
smostnea
rly 8，
The1 0
00lbfeq
uiv
alen
ts i
ngl
eax
leloa
d(ESAL)fo
r
th
etr
ucktr
a伍 cont
hisroa
df o
r5yri
smostn
earl
y
(
A) 45m
(
B)7 5m (
A)0
.33ESAL
(
0)1 00m (
B)1
30ESAL
(
D)1
20m (
0 8，
)4 0
00ESAL
(
D)2
40，
00
0ESAL

3
7.Ac re
stonas e
cti
onofhi
ghw
aycons
istso
favert
ica
l
c
urv
ew i
tha1 50
0m radi
usandapo
si七iv
e1 %grad
efol
- P
roble
ms4
0and4
1町 eb
ase
dont
hef
oll
owi
ngi
1
lus
七ra
-
l
owedbyanega
tive3%grad
e.Thedesig
nr e
qui
rement
s t
ion
.
a
reasfol
low
s.

desig
ns p
eed=80kmjh ド
↓1Ni
5
k ↓
「51NK
;矛
;;
「
dri
vereyeheig
ht= 1
.2m

F
JT:
o
bje
ct( t
obeavoi
ded)heig
ht=0.2m
日o
七 ppi
ngsigh
td i
stan
ceデ 3
00m

Theminimumr
equ
ire
dl en
gthofver
tic
alcurv
en e
eded
tosa七i
sf
ythed
esi
gns t
oppin
gs i
ghtdis七a
nceismost
nea
rly
4
0.Thema
gnitudeo
f七hemaximumb
end
ingmoment
(
A)6 80m
i
nth
ebeamismostn
ear
ly
(
B) 700m
(
0) 760m (
A)6
.3k
N-m
(
D)8 40m (
B)1
4凶 m
(
0)2
5kN.m
(
D)6
3kN-m
38.A sup
erpav
ed es
ignm ix
tur
efo
rah i
ghwaywi
th
ESALs<1 7
0 h回 an omin
almaximumaggre
gat
esiz
e
of19mm. Them ixt
ureh a
sbeente
ste
dandh asth
e 41.Ifthebeamismadee nt
irelyo
fstee
landt h
ewhole
fol
low
ingc
har
act
eri
sti
cs: beamh a
samomento finer
tiaabouttheaxiso fbend
ing
of2.0X 1 ，4 themagnitudeoftheverticaldef
08m m l
_ec
-
tio
na tpoin
tD ismostn earl
y
a
irvoids= 4.0%
VMAニ 1 3.2% (
A)0
.20m m
VFA= 70% (
B)2
.3m m
dust
-to
-as
pha
ltr a
tio= 0.97 (
0)2
3m m
atN = 8gy
rat
iosG
n う mm ニ 87.1% (
D)5
0m m
tN =1
a 74gy
rat
iosぅ Gm m=9
n 7.5%

P
P
I・ 附w
.p
pi
2p
as
s.
co
m
 P
rl
ld
ieb
c :
lm1 4
l 7

Pro
blem
s42and4 3areb
ase
dont
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nfo
rma
- 4
4.I nthex-d
irec
tio
na sshown，t
hema.
ximumin
flu
-
t
ionandil
lus
tr七i
a o
n. e
ncelin
eord
inatef
orte
nsi
lefo
rcei
nmemberBFi
smost
n
earl
y
Atr
ucki
sfac
inginit
sin
ten
dedd
ire
cti
ono
ftr
ave
lal
ong
t
hebeamasshow
n . (
A)0
.18kN/kN
(
B)0
.36kN/kN
(
C)0
.53kN/kN
(
D)0
.71kN/kN

4
5.I nthex-di
rec
tionasshown，t
hema.
ximuminf
lu-
e
ncelin
eordin
ateforco
mpre
ssivef
orc
einmemberBF
i
smostnear
ly
(
A)- 0.71悶 /kN
ト x (
B) -0.53kN/凶

下
予 l
f
m手ょ :
i
D
(
C
(
D
) -0却 kN/kN
) -0.18kN/kN

Problems4
6and4 7areb
ase
dont
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nfo
rma
-
tio
nandi l
lus
tr七i
a o
n.
42
.F oratru
ckt r
ave
lin
gi nthed
ire
cti
onshown，
七he Thecro
sss
ect
ion
softwosh
ort，co
nce
ntr
ica
llyl
oad
ed
ma.
ximumv
erもic
all
iveloa
ds h
eara
tsuppo七 Ci
r smost re
inf
orc
edc
onc
retec
olum
nsaresh
own.
ne
arly
(
A)2
7kN だ=4
000I
bf
/i
n2
(
B)7
6kN y= 6
f 0，0
00I
bf
/i
n2
(
C)1
00kN 18i
n 18in
(
D)1
10凶

43.Forat rucktra
vel
inginthedir
ect
ionshownう t
he
ma.x
imuml iv
el o
adbendingmoment抗 s u
pportC is
mostne紅 l
y
(
A) 80kN-m lo
ngi
tun
din
al
(
B)9 0kN.m r
einf
orc
emen
t
(
C) 140kN.m
r
oundsp
ir
alcolumn s
qua
retie
dcolumn
(
D) 360kN.m (
cro
ssse
cti
on) (c
ros
ssect
ion
)
(Pr
ob4
圃6) (P
rob
.47
)
Problems4
4and4 5areb
ase
dDnt
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nfo
rma
-
tio
nandi l
lus
tra
tio
n.
46.Fortheshortroun
ds p
irlcolumn，
a theapp
lieda.
xia
l
Ap l
anetrus
sspani ss hown
. Theroadwayb ehav
esa s deadloadi
s1 50kis，
p andt heapp
lieda
.xia
lliv
el oa
dis
si
mplysupportedbeams pansbetweenth
es up
porting 350kip
s. Assumingt ha
tt helongi
tud
inalreinf
orcin
g
l
owerchordtru
ssj oi
nts
.Byc onv
ention，
posi
tiv
ef or
ces barsa
reallthesamesie，
z theminimumr eq
uiredsi
zeof
a
ret e
nsi
leforc
esう andn e
gativefor
cesar
ec omp
ressive eachlo
ngitu
dinalre
info
rcin
gb a
ris
f
orc
es.
(
A) no.7
(
B) no.8
IaTill--47

(
C)n o
.9

「F
(
D)n o
.1 0
m
A﹃

47.Forthes
hor
ts qua
ret i
edcolumn，t
heappl
ieda.
xia
l
deadloa
dis150kips，andt h
ea ppl
ieda.
x
ialliv
el o
ad
5m 5m 5m i
s2 5
0kips
.Assumingt h
a七七helongi
tud
inalr
einfo
rci
ng

P
PI.附 w
.p
pi
2p
as
s.
co
m
 Solution Practice Exam I
5
6 C
i
vi
lDi
sd
pl
in
e-
Sp
ec
if
icR
evi
ewf
ort
heF
E/日TEx
田町1

3'
.T
7 h
erea
retwoequa
七io
nst
och
eck
. F
o r，
r5y t
het
ota
1ESALi
s

F
irt，
s w
heres
七op
pin
gsi
gh七d
ist
ane，
c 8，
is1
es
sth
ant
he
c
urve1
eng
thL:う 札 r ニ州
2
L=
- A8 =2
400
97ESAL (
240，
0
00ESAL)
(
100
%)(VWi+伊豆 ;
y う

(1%一 (
-3%
))(
300m)2 sD
Theansweri .

一 (
100
%)( 何日早川南可 f 4
0.Cons
tru
cts
hea
randmome 凶 di
agr
ams
.Thec h
ange
=7
56.
4m i
nshe
arist
hea
reaunde
rt hea
ppli
ed1oa
ding，
andthe
c
han
geinmome
凶 ist
hea r
eaunde
r七heshea
rdiagr
am.

一:-1
Sec
ond，wh
eres to
ppi
ngs
igh
七di
sta
ncei
sgr
eat
ert
han
t
hec u
rve1e
ng七h
:
(
200
%)(
VHi+♂'2/
L=2S A
N￨
(
200
%)(V
l五五 +
VO
万五:
)
2

A
ベー一
=(
2)(
300m)一

-
JA-
ト

川
一
h 一 円 円

q
L ﹄且晶

νIEq4
1%-(-3%)

m
i
=4
81.0m

ll
--

M川
Si
nce也 epr
evio
ustwoe q
uat
ionsshowthatthest
op-

whu
y A

IVA
pin
gs i
ghtd
ist
ancei
s1essthanth
ec ur
ve1 e
ngh，
t the
minimumre
qui
redve
rti
ca1cu
rve1eng
this
L=7
56.
4m (
760m)
sC
Theansweri . V{kN)

3
8.Thism ixturewou1db edesig
natedasa1 9m msu 伺

p
erp
avemi xtur
e.Thel imit
sf o
rs u
cham ixt
ureare
ai
rv o
ids= 4.0%
minimumVMλ=13% M{kN.m) 0
VFA= 65-75%
dusιto-a
spha1trat
io= 0.6-
1.2
atNinit = 8gy
rati
orう m
お aximumGm m= 89% -
62.
5
atNmax= 1 74gy
ratio
ns， maximumGm m= 98%

A
llp a
rameter
sint
hism
ixt
urea
rew
ith
ins
upe
rpa
ve The 1
arg
est mag
n it
ude ofb e
nding 江lOment 1S
s
pec
ifi
ca七i
ons
. -62
.5kN.m(63kN-m)atsu
ppo
rtC .
sA.
Theansweri sD
Theansweri .

3
9. Thet
ota
1ESALp
ert
ruc
kfo
rea
cht
ripi
s 41
.Usethep
rin
cip
1eofv
irt
ua o五nd七h
1workt eve
rti
ca1
ESAL
七r叫 =(
1si
ng1
e砿 1
e)(
0.0
877
) de
丑ec
tio
natpoi
ntD.
+(2tandemax1es)(0.1206)

The t
ota
1da
il
=0
.3
y ESAL f
o
2
89E
r4
S
0t
A
r
u
L
j
c
tr
uc
s，e
k a
k
-
c
tr
ip
h making
ムD = ~(J m
(自白
)
10t
rip
saday，i
s Themomentf unct
ionsinthedi
rec
tion
si n
dica
tedby

E叫 = 山c
ks)(
10 寄) th
e1
乱ct
ua
o
c
1
a
1
1x
0a
d
-
i
c
o
n
or
d
ga
i
r
nat
eforea
chbeams
eshownonthef
oll
ow
e
g
i
m
n
entundert
gmomentd
h
i
e
a 同

(印刷)
gra
m.
X 0 t
ruc
kωt
rip
=1
31.5
6ESALjday

P
PI
.州 w
.p
pi
2p
as
s.
co
m
 P
r目c
ti
ceE
xam1S
olu
fio
ns 5
7

Themoduluso
fel
ast
ici
tyo
fst
ee sE= 2
li . 011P
1X 1 a.

F
romt h
ep r
inc
ipleo
fvi
rtu
alwork，
thev
ert
ica
ldf
l
e.e
c-
t
iona
tp oi
n七Di s

ムD = 1
5
(- EI

+
J EI

X X イー云 2

M(kN.m} 0 呼判:+一山:
1
I
M =6
.25
-
EI 十半:1十平:
1

Themomentfunct
ionsin七hed
ire
ctio
nsind
icate
dbyt h
e
十年:
1
lo
calx
-coo
rdina
teforeachbeamsegmen
tu nd
ert h
evir
- -2
6.0
4 2
2kN 3-7
.m 8.1
25kN2
.m3
tu
aluni
tloadin
gatp oi
ntD areshownonthefollo
win
g
momen七diag
ram. 十 390.625 日~2.m3

+286.
458kN2
.m3

十3
90.
62 3
5kN.m 2

(
2.1X 1
0 P
a)
1
1
(品)

/ 紅l
立1¥
X IllJlJU-
一一
ー l
¥ m/
=22.9m m (
23mm)

Sinc
etheun
itloadinthevir
tualf
orc
esyst
emwasdown-
wardandtheanswerisposit
iveinsin，
g t
heact
ualde-
f
l
.ect
ioni
salsodownward.

Theansweri
sC.

At
abl
esu
mma
riz
est
hemomentf
unc
tio
nsa
sfo
llo
ws.

r
eglOn r
egr
on r
eglOn
A-B BC
同 CD
自

f
unc
tio
n 0<x<5 0<x<5 0<x<5

M .2
1 5
x 6
.25-13
.75x -
2.x2
5
m -
0 .
5x -2.5-0.
5x -x
EI EI EI EI

P
PI
.附 w
.p
pi
2p
os
s.
co
m
5
8 C
i
vi
lDi
sc
ip
li
ne
-S
pe
ci
fi
cRe
vie
wfo
rteF
h E
jE
ITE
xam

4
2.C on
s t
ructanduseanin丑u
enc
elin
eforve
rもi
ca
ls h
ear
a
ts u
pportC.Thei n
乱uenceli
nei
scons
truc
tedbyplot-
t
ingthechangeinresp
onseonafre
ebodyd
四 iagr
amo f
asec
tionofbeama tsuppo吋 Casau n
itloadtra
vels

7
4
a
cros
sthes t
ruc
tur
e.

5m 5m

1
.5
l
f
o
o
adpos
iti
on
rmaximum
tt
b
endi
ngmoment
。
tt
i
nfl
uen
cel
in
efo
rVc(
kN/
kN)
Thel o
adp o
siti
onshowngive
st h
emaximumr espon
se
lo
adpos
iti
on 7
1.1
7kN 1
7.7
9kN inthebeama tsupp
or七 Cfo
rt h
es p
ec五e
i ddir
ec七i
onof
f
ormaximum
v
ert
ic
alshe
ar 1 _ 1
tra
ve.
l Themaximumb en
dingmomentc a
nbef ound
bysuperp
ositi
on出

Thel
spo
ns
o
a
ei
dp
nt
o
h
sit
ionshownr
ebeama tsup
e
p
s
u
o
l
r
t
sin出 emaximumr
七 Cf
or出 espe
ci
e
五edd
i-
司 時 max= 1
(
-
5守)川
re
ctio
no ft
rave.
l Themaximumve
rti
cals
hearcanbe =3
55.
8kN
-m
foun
dbys up
erpos
itio
n回
Thisp roblemaskedforthem agnitudeofmaximum
bendingmomenta tsupportCf orat r
uckt ra
veli
ngin
日 x= (
1
.5~~) (7.
17凶)
1 th
ed irec
tionsho .I
ωn ft h
isp ro
b l
emhada s
kedfort h
e
magnitudeofmaximumb endingmomenta ts uppor
tC
fo
rt h巴 g
iventru
ckαxleconf
igurαt
io
うnthea x
lel o
adp o
-
si
tionswouldhavetobeswitchedaroundandb othaxl
e
Thisproblema s
kedforthemagnitudeofmaximumv er- loa
dsp lace
dont heinf
iuen
celinewiththeheavieraxl
e
ti
ca
ls heara ts u
pportC forat r
uckt nαv
elin
gi nt he loadont h
el a
rge
rin宜uenc
el i
neordin
ateandt helig
hte
r
dir
ectio
ns how.I
n fth
isproblemhada skedforthemag- axl
el oadont hesmall
eri 丑u
n encelineordin
ate.T hi
s
nit
u d
eo fmaximumv e
rti
calshearats u
pportCf orthe wouldr e
sul
ti nalar
gernumeri
calanswe r
.
giv
ent ruckαxleconfi
gur
，αt
ion，theaxleloadposi七ions
wouldha v
et obes wit
chedaroundandb o thaxl
el oads sD
Theansweri .
pla
c e
dont heinfi
uenc
elinewitht h
eh eav
iera x
lel oad
onthelargerinfi
uenc
elin
eo rd
inateandt helig
hteraxle
loa
dont hesmall
erin丑uencelin
eordina
te.T hiswould 4
4.C onst
ructaninf
iuen
celi
neforthefo
rcei
nmem-
re
sultinal arg
ern u
meric
ala nswer
. b
erBF.Thei 丑u
n enc
el i
nei
sc o
nstr
ucte
dbyp lo
tti
ng
t
hec ha
ngei nr
esp
onseinmemberBFa sau n
itl o
ad
sD
Theansweri . t
rav
elsacro
ssthes
truc
tur
e.

43.Construc
tandu s
eani n
fiu
enceli
nefo
rbendi
ngmo-
ment抗日uppo 凶 C.Thein丑uenc
el i
nei
sconst
ructe
dby
plo
ttin
gt h
ec han
geinr田ponseona丘e ebodydi
四agram
ofasecti
onofbeamats u
pportCa saunitlo
adtrav
els
acr
oss七hestru
ctur
e.

P
PI
.附 w
.p
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S.
co
m

_
J.，
"
 P
r目d
i(eE
xam1S
ol
ut
io
ll
s S
9

I七i
sr e
quire
dt h
atゆPn2 :Pu.F oraxi
alcompre
ssion
withsp
ira
lr e
info
rce
ment，ゆ=0 .
70.8ett
ingゆPn=，P叫

andsol
vingfo
rtheareaofl
ong
itud
ina
lr e
inf
orc
ingst
eel
gIV
es

ゆ E;fd
務

l
l
lJ
zrJ
(附/kJ
iiλ哩~I 山 ps)(1000 2
)
Whenmovingt
lo
admustbed i
h
eu
s
n
むi
i
b
七l
u
te
o a
da
dt
c
ot
r
h
os
sat
etwoj
r
u
o
s
i
ss
nt
s
tr
.I
u
ct
ti
ue，
r
sst
t
a
h
t
i
s
e
d 485)(
400
0 主
)(年)
七h
attheroadwaya ct
sa ss imp
lebeams pa
nsb etwe
en
tr
ussjoi
n七s
.T he
refoe，
r whenal oadisplace
db etwee
n 。
主
一 (0.85)(4000~~;)
tr
ussjo
in七s，t
hetwojointsadjo
iningthebeams p
ana c
t
assimp
lebeams upp
o rtsandt hemagni加d esoft h
e
lo
adsappli
edto出 etw otrus
sjoint
sarethesamea sfo
r 2
theca
lcula
tedreac
tionforce
sof七hisbeam.
As= 6
.69in ，
requ
ire
dforth
egi
vena
ppli
edax
ialcom-
p
res
siv
el o
ads，i
sgrea
terth
anAs= 2.
54in2base
don
Themaximumo
rdi
nat
efo
rte
nsi
lef
orc
einmemberBF th
eminimumallo
wedre
infor
cem
entrat
io，Pg=0.
01.
i
s0.3kN/kN
5 Theminimumr
equir
edare
ao fr
einf
orce
men
tisA
s 二

66
司9i2
n.
Theansweri
sC.
Thecolumnha
ssi
xlo
ngi
tud
ina
lre
inf
orc
ingba
rs. The
4.F
5 romthei
nf
l
.u
encel
inein80.
144，th
emaximum re
qui
redareao
fea
chl
ong
i七u
din
alr
ein
for
cingb
aris
or
din
a t
efo
rcom
pre
ssi
vefor
ceinmemberBFi
s- 0
.53
kN/kN A=~
一 -一日主主
n
bar
s 6b
ars
sB
TheanswerI .
2
.1
=1 1i
n/b
ar
46
.D ete
rmin
etheamounto
frein
forc
ings七e
elre
qu i
red
bytheminimumrequ
iredr
einf
orceme
ntr a
tio，Pg，of Abara
reao
f1.11i
n2issa
tis
fie
dbyan
o.1
0br，
a
0.
01.Theminimumar
eaofre
inf
orci
ngs七e
elrequ
iredis w
hic
hha
sanomi
nala
reaof1
.27in2.

I
nana ct
ualdesi
gn/a
naly
sissit
uat
ion，乱 c
heckshou
ld
a
lsobemadet oseeth
att h
ea c
tua
ll on
gitu
din
alrein
-
=(
0 川(年) f
o
r
a
r
t
c
i
e
oo
m
en
f0
tr
.0
8
a
t
.
iodoe
snotexceedt
hemaximuma llo
wab
le

Theansweri
sD.
Det
ermi
nethere
quir
edamounto
fre
inf
orc
ings
tee
lba
sed
onthefa
cto
redaxi
allo
ad，Pu
. 47
.D ete
rmin
etheamounto
frein
forc
ingst
eelreq
uire
d
bytheminimumrequ
iredr
einf
orceme
ntratio，
内， of
P
uニ1.2
Pde
ad+1
.6P
!
ive 0.
01.Theminimumare
aofre
inf
orci
ngste
elrequ
iredi
s
ヱ(1.2
)(1
50k
ip)+(
s 1.6
)(3
50k
ips
)
=7
40k
ips A
s= p
gAg
=(
0.0
1)(
18i
n)2
Then
omi
nala
xia
lco
mpr
ess
ivel
oadc
apa
cit
yisg
ive
nby 2
=3
.24i
n
凡 =0
.85P
.。 Det
ermi
nethere
quire
damoun
七ofr
ein
for
cin
gst
eelb
ase
d
+んAs
)
= (0.85)(0.85f~Aconcrete onthef
act
oredax
ia
，llodP
a u
う.
=(
0部 )
(0.
85五(
Ag-A
s)+んAs)
.2P
Pu= 1 de吋+1
.6P
!
ive
=(
1.2
)(1
50k
ip)+
s (
1.6
)(2
50k
ips
)
=5
80k
ips

P
P
I.附 w
.p
pi
2p日s
S
.c
om
7
0 C
i
vi
lDi
sc
ip
li鵬闘 S
ped
ficR
evi
ewf
ort
heF
E/
EI
TEx
脚 Practice Exam II

The七ra伍 cfl
o wr
elati
ons
hipi
sgivnbyq=k
e v，i
nwhic
h Pr
oblem
s41and4 2areb
ase
dont
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nfo
rma
-
qisthetra伍 cvolumeinveh
/hr.Themaximumtr
a伍c t
ionandil
lus
tra
tio
n.
volu
mef or七hisroadi
smostn e
arl
y
Thebeamshowni
sloadedw
ithtw
o1 00Np
0 o
intlo
ads
.
(
A)7 60veh/hr Thesep
ara
tioni
smain
taind抗 2m，
e but出 eloa
dsmay
(
B)8 80veh/hr bemovedtoanylo
cati
ononthebe乱m.
(
C)9 00veh/hr

門⋮什﹁一助￨
h
(
D) 960veh/hr

38
. Thes七opp
ingsigh
tdis七anc
eis430ftf o
rad esi
gn
spe
edof50mphonas e
ctio
no fh
ighway
. Theg rad
es
f
orthi
shighwaysec
tionare-1%f ol
lowe
dby3 %.The
re
quir
edleng
tho fv
ert
ica
lc urv
eneededt osat
isy七h
f e
AASHTOs toppi
ngsig
htdistan
cefo
rt h
isd e
signspe
ed 蕩Z
，

i
smostne
a r
ly
(
A)2 70氏 1
0m 1
0m
(
B) 380氏
(
C) 410f
t
(
D) 450f
t 41
. Themaximumv
alu
efo
rsh
eara
tsu
ppo
rtAi
smost
ne
arl
y

39
. Ao n
e-la
nerura
lr oa
dhasa1 00 cu
rveex
tend
ingfo
r (
A)2
000N
230m alo
ngitsce
nter
lin
e. Ther oadis5m widewit
h (
B) 2800N
3m wideshou
lde
rs. Thedesig
ns p e
edforth
isroadi
s (
C) 3000N
75km/h. (
D) 3800N

Thesup
ere
lev
ati
onn e
ede
dsot
hats
idef
ric
tio
nisn
ot
nee
dedi
smostnear
ly 42. Themaximumv
alu
efo
rmomenta
tsu
ppo
r七A i
s
mostn e
arl
y
(
A)0
.00
050
(
B)0
.03
4 (
A)1
.8kN.m
(
C)1
.1 (
B)8
.0kN-m
(
D)1
.9 (
C)1
0kN.m
(
D)1
8kN-m

40. Theworns urf

acec ou
rseo fah igh-v
olumep av
四e 4
3.A tria
ngu
larpi
n-con
necte
dtrus
sc ar
rie
saloadof
mentisb eingreplac
edw ithad es
ignrequir
ingat ot
al 4
448N assho
wn.Eachmemberhast h
esamemodulus
str
uctura
lnumbero f6.6
. Thee ng
ineerhasd e
cidedto o
fel
ast
ici
tyandcr
oss-
sec
tio
nalar
ea.
rep
lace6ino fthesurf
acewithr ecy
cled-
in-p
laceasp
halt
con
creteh a
vi n
gas urfac
ec oursestrengt
hc o血c
e i
entof :
%
:
lM
0.
42， le
avinginp la
ce3i no fs oundorigi
nalpavement
havingas trengt
hc oe
ffi
cien
to f0.3
. Undert heorig
i-
na
lp a
vementa rea1 0i nceme 凶-tre
atedbasehaving
astrengthcoe血c i
entof0.20ぅ and阻 8i ns andygrav
el
sub
base.Whati stheminimums tr
engthcoe
ffi
cie
ntfor
3
.0m
thesubbase?

(
A)0
.05
(
B)0
.10
(
C)0
.15 P
(
D)0
.20
N

4448N

4
.6m

P
P
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S.
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m
 P
r目d
ic
eEx園田1
2 7
1

Thetru
ssmemberp r
ope
rti
esa eE =2
r 0 06 kPa
0X 1 Pro
blems47-49ar
eba
sedont
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nfo
rma
tio
n
andA ニ 2
580. 2
6m m.Thev e
rti
cald
efl
ect
iona
tpoint andil
lus
tra
tio
n.
Pismostnea
rly
Thespanlengt
handcrosssec
tiono far e
info
rce
dc on-
(
A)0
.25m m cr
etebeama r
es h
own. Thebeami su n
derre
inf
or c
ed.
(
B) 0.
48m m Theconc
reteandrei
nfor
cin
gs t
eelp ro
perti
esぽ e五=
(
C)0 .
51m m
ん =40， n，
2 2
3000l
bf/nう
i 00l
0 b
f/i andA s=3in2 •
(
D)0 .
75m m
6
ft
P
rob
lem
s44-46a
reb
ase
dont
hef
oll
owi
ngi
llu
str
ati
on.

l~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L~
易 易
日目
A
1
8i
3m 3m
beam
cro
ss
1
0ft s
ect
ion
4
4.I
fth
ere
act
ionats
uppo
rtAis1
8.5N，
7 th
ere
act
ion
a
tea
cho
f出 eo
utersu
ppo
rtsi
smostnea
rly
(
A)5 6N
. 47.N e
glec七i
ngbeams e
lf-w
eig
htandbasedo
nlyonthe
(
B)7 2N
. all
owablemomentcapaci
tyoft h
ebeama sde
termi
ned
(
C)1 1N usin
gAmericanC on
creteInst
itut
e(ACI)st
reng
thd e
(
D) 14N
白

sig
ns p
ecif
icat
ion
stうhemaximuma ll
owa
blel
iveloa
dis
mostnearly
4
5. Themaximumva
lueofve
rti
cals
hea
rata
nyp
oin
t (
A) 23，
000l
bf
a
lon
gt h
ebeamismos七ne
arl
y (
B) 29，
00
0脳
(
A)4 7N
. (
C)3 5，
00l
0 b
f
(
B)9 4N
. (
D) 50，
00l
0 b
f
(
C) 14N
(
D)1 8N 48. Thebeams upp
orts ac o
ncent
raもedliv
eloadof
50，
000l bf
.N eg
lec七b eams e
lf-
wei
ght. Theminimum
amoun 七ofshearreinfo
rce
mentrequir
edf o
rac e
nte
r-
4
6. Themaximumval
ueofmomenta
tanyp
oin
tal
ong to-
centersti
rru
ps pa
cingof12i nunderACIs t
reng
th
t
hebeamismos七ne
arly desi
gns pe
cif
ica
tio
nsismostn e
arly
(
A)1
.2N.m (
A)0 .1 n2
8i
(
B)3
.1N.m (
B)0 .36i
n2
(
C)4
.6N.m (
C) 0.67i
n2

(
D)5
.7N.m (
D) 0.78i
n2

4
9. Theba
lan
cedre
inf
orc
ingst
eelrat
ioforth
isbeam
i
naccor
dan
cewit
hACIs p
eci
fic
ati
onsismostnea
rly
(
A)0
.03
7
(
B)0
.04
3
(
C)0
.05
1
(
D)0
.05
8

P
PI
.附 w
.p
pi
2p
as
s.
co
m
 Solution Practice Exam II
P
rad
iceEx日m25
01日t
i
ol
1S 8
1

Thedens
ityi
s33.12
5veh/mif o
rmaximumtra
缶 cv
ol 司 F
orasi
de-台i
cti
onf
act
o ff=0，
ro thes
upe
rel
eva
tio
nis
ume.Sub
stit
uti
onin七othet
ra白cfl
owr
ela
tio
nsh
ipgi
ves g
ive
nby
themaximumtra血cv o
lume
.

= (53::) (
33.
125 :~) (
(
7 吋(品))
5引1
(
一(
0.品) 叫
8 (
33.
1
(
9.1~) (
8 131
8m)

sB
Theansweri .
Theansweri
sB.

4
0. Thes
tru
ctur
alnumberisth
esumo fp
rodu
ctsof
3
8.S i
nceth
ereisanegat
ivegradeprec
edingaposit
ive t
helay
erd
epths(th
ick
nes
ses
)andst
ren
gthc
oe血cie
nts
.
g
radet
うhi
sisas agve
rtic
alcurv
e.U singthesagver
ti-
c
alcur
veequat
ionsfromtheci
vi
le ng
ineer
ingsec
tionof S
N=α
rec
ycl
eDr
ecy
cle十 α
or
ig
in
als
ur
fa
ceDo
ri
gi
na
lsu
rf
ac
e
t
heNCEESHandbook， theal
gebra
icdiff
eren
cebetween +
αba
seD
bas
e十 α
sub
bas
eDs
ubb
ase
g
rad
esis
6
.6= (
0.4
2)(
6in
)+(
0.3
)(3i
n)十 (
0.)(
2 1
0in
)
A=1 - 1% 3 %1
十α
sub
bas
e(8i
n)
=4%
Wherethesto
ppings
igh
tdi
sta
nce，8，
isl
es
s七han七h
e α
sub
bas
e= 0
.15
ve
rti
calc
urv
el en
gth，
L う Theansweri
sC.

L=-
- 竺L 41. Drawanin丑u
enceli
nef
orshea
ratsupp
or七Aw i
th
4
00十 3.58 lo
adsp os
iti
onedasshownfo
rmaximums hearv
alu
e.
(
4)(
430ft)
2 Forexample f
うorshe
aratsu
ppotA u
r s
i
うngbas
icbeam
40
0十 (3.5
)(40此
3 ) st
ati
c s，
=3
88.
2ft

Wherethesto
ppi
ngs
igh
tdi
sta
ncei
sgr
eat
erthant
he
cur
vele
ng七h，
40
0+3
.58
L 28一 一 A
二 一一

4
00+(
3.5
)(4
30氏
) 2
0m
=(
2)(
430此) - 4 2
.0
=3
83.
8ft
i
nfl
uen
cel
in
efo
rsh
eara
tsu
ppo
rtA
F
romt
he七wov
alu
esf
orl
eng
tho
fcu
rvei
tca
nbes
een
う

t
hatthes七opp
ingsigh
td i
sta
nceisgre
aterthan七he ト-
-
1
c
urvelen
gth
. T h
ere
fore，t
her e
qui
redve
rti
callen
gth

一一一:51~20
o
fcurv
eis
L= 38
3.8抗 ( 3
80此)
sB
Theansweri .
l
oad
spl
ace
dfo
rmaximums
hea
rva
luea
tsu
ppo
rtA

3
9. Ther
adi
uso
fcu
rva
tur
eis
Themaximumv
alu
efo
rsh
eara
tsu
ppo
rtA i
s

R=~= 川寺) VA= (

100
0N
=3
8
)
(1
0
.8
0N
)+(
100
0N)
(2.
0)

Theansweri
sD.

P
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.p
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S.
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8
2 C
iv
i
lDi
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lil
le-
Spe
dfi
cRe
vie
wfo
rteF
h E
jE
ITE
x
日m

42. Aninfi
uenceli
neforbend
ingmomentats u
pportA Byinspe
cti
on，t
hex-componentoffo
rcei
nmemberMP
canbedrawnw ithl o
adsposi
tio
nedasshownf o
rmax- i
st h
esamemagnitudeando p
posi
ted i
rec
tio
nasth
e
imummome 凶 value
. Asi n五nding七heinf
iuenc
el i
ne re
acti
onatpoi
ntM.
fo
rs he
ar aunitloadismovedacr
ossthebeamandt he

一十一イ、
広明一向

一
一
う

RI 一
2M
RUv 剖
pi

一﹀dlu

一
一
二一白川
M 伝山、必
va
riatio
ninb e
n di
ngmomenta tpointA i
sgraphed.

-m 一

eU
41
‘，一円U

N
弘
4
十

で
一勺G

一
00
﹁￨
す

姦
mA

M
一-6820N

1
0m 1
0m

8142N
i
nfl
uen
cel
in
efo
rmomenta
tsu
ppo
rtA 3
.0m ON

P
一 6820N
一
N 6820N

l
oad
spl
ace
dfo
rmaximumv
alu
eats
upp
ortA
4
.6m

Themaximumv a
luefo
rmoment a
tsupp
ortA (
dis
-
re
gar
dthesinぅ s
g inc
ethemaximumva
lueisw
ant
ed) A
pplyin
gau ni
tlo
ada
tpo
intPp
rod
uce
sth
efo
llo
win
g
l
S v
irt
ualfo
rce
s.

MA= (1000N)(8.0m)+(1000N)(10.0m) M
.
...
1.5
N
二 18000N.m (
18kN.
m)

sD
Theansweri .
1
.8N
3O mI
開 0N

4
3. Theprin
cip
leofvi
rtu
alworkc
anbeu
sedt
ofi
nd
t
hedefi
ect
iona七po
in七P
.
P
Chooset
hep o
sit
ivedi
rect
ion
sasupwardandt
oth
e 1.
5N
N 1
.5N
ri
ght
.Choosepos
iti
vemomentsa
sclo
ckwi
se.

LMN=ON
=RM，， (
3.
0m)十 (4448N)(
4.6m) 4
.6m

RM"= 6
820N [ot
七 he1
e
ft
]
エ MM=ON Thef
fo
rce
s.
o
llo
win
gta
bles
umm
ari
zest
hea
ctu
alandv
irt
ual
=-RN"(
3.0m)+(
444
8N)
(4.
6m)
RN"= 6
820N [
t
oth
eri
gh
t] F
Q Fp L FQFpL
L
Fy=0N member (
N) (
vir
tua
lfo
rce
) (
m) (
N-m)

=RMy - 4448N MP 8
142 .8
1 5.
49 80459
NP 6
820 .5
1 4.
6 47058
RMν=4448N [
upw
乱rd
]
MN 0 0 3.
0 0
t
otl=127517
a

P
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2
p日s
S.
co
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 P
r自c
t
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x自m2S
ol
ut
i開 5 錦

C
alc
u1a
tet
hev
ert
ica
1de
丑ec
tio
n抗 p
oitP
n . Thech
angeinmomen
もisgiv
enbyt
hea
reau
nde
r七h
e
sh
eardi
agra
muptothatp
oin
t.
ムp =LFQ5L=玄 F
Q2
2
=
占 LFQFpL (
t
) (
5.6叩 2m
)

c
=

川
却
2川
別
ω
O川ル
Oい一
山叩
1川
O
併
川6印
刷叫叫
)べ中
( ∞
や1 ル 3m =凡=1.12m 十
(訪問
問問 m)
x(
2附 m m2) (
抗日
x(
127
517N
-m)(1000 空)
sA
Theansweri .

4
4
o
u
.F
te
rs
r
omt
up
po
h
e1
r
七i
a
s
wso
feq
ui1
ibr
iume
achr
eac
t
うio
nata
n
???
ニ )(
(
t 5:
)
州 -18同
x=1
.12m 1
.88m 18
司8m

sA
Theansweri .

4
5. Themaximums he
arc anbed et
ermine
df ro
ma 31
膚 3
.1
s
he a
rdiagra
m.(A1thoug
hno 七ne
ces
saryforth
isprob
-
1em，amomentdiag
ramh asa
1sobee
nc on
struc
ted，
and M(N'm)
t
hisisuse
df o
rso
lvin
gt h
en e
xtprob1
em.)

Thecha
ngeinshe
ari
sth
eareaund
erthe1
0add i
agram
uptot
hatpo
int
.Uptothec
ente
rofth
ebe ，
叩 1 p
ointA，
5
.7

ド 5
.6N- (
5:)(
3m)
F
romthes
hea
rdia
grm，
a t
hemaximumv
a1u
efo
rsh
ear
o
ccu
rs剖 s
upp
ortA
.

Atp
oi七A，
n Vmax= 9
.4N

V=-
9.4N+1
8.5N
7 sB
Theansweri .
=9
.35N (
9.
4N)
4.F
6 romth
emomentdiag
rami
n80.
145，
thev
a1u
巴fo
r
Themomenti
seq
ua1t
oth
ear
eau
nde
rth
esh
eard
ia- maximummomentoc
cur
satsup
por
tA.
gra
m.
Mmax= [-5
.7N
.m[
=5
.7N
-m

sD
Theansweri .

Ie附 w
P
P .p
pi
2p日s
S
.c
om
 『
.
"

哩50 A
ppe
ndi
xAf
tem
oonS
a円l
pl
eExa
min
ati
on

4
2. 1
nus
ingch10
rin
ef ord
isi
nfe
ctio
n
.a
.concen
住ationofHOC1isp H-
depend
ent
b
. [HO
Cl]equals[OCllatpH7
c
. e
旺'c
eti
vene
ssi n
cre
ase
sw i
thtimeofcont
act
d
.tot
aleli
minat
ionofbac
ter
iaispos
sibl
e

4
3. A6 1cm
・-
di am
e t
ercir
cul
arco
ncr
etes
ewe
riss
etonas
lop
eof0
.00l
.The
flo
wwheni tishal
ιfu
llis
ajof伽 叫 制l
b
. 0 .
08m"
"/s
3
c
.0 .
20m /s
3
d
.0 .
28m /s

4
4. Ari
gidbarBCDi
ssupp
ort
edbyahing
edcon
nec
tionats
uppor
tBa
nd
byacab
leACassho
wn.Therea
cti
onfor
ceatsu
ppor
tB is

Practice Exam III A

3

D
B

2.0m 、
、
レO.5m
.
..
J
ド
a
. 2
.50kN
b
. 14
.20kN
c
. 9
.70kN
d
. 14
.42kN

4
5. Asimpl
ysu
ppo
rte
dbeamABiss
ubje
cte
dtoaunifor
mlydist
rib
ute
d
l
oadandac
onc
ent
rat
edl
oada
sshow
n.Themidspandef
1ec
tioni
s

20kN

3.5
3.m0m
ド
E=200GPa
4
1=3x106m m

a
. 16mm
b
. 38m m
c
. 22m m
d
. 8mm
.
.
SampleEx
am 15.

4
6. As te
elcolumn(W21x9 3)hasthebottomends u
pportedrig
idlysoas
r--r・一一一一r- topreventbothrot
atio
nandtran
slat
ion.Thet opofthecolumnisf r
ee
t
ot ran
slateandrota
tein出eplaneoft h
ediagramb u
tpinned( rot
ati
on
allowed，tran
sla
tio
np r
eve
nte
d)i ntheperpe
ndicul
ard i
rect
ion
.The
len
gtho fthecolumnis32ft
.Thec rit
ica
lb uc
klingloadasg iv
e nby
Eul
er'st heo
ryis
a
. 1 3.4kips
. 3
b 6.7kips
. 3
c 66k i
ps
d
. 1 002k i
ps

4
7. Thethr
ee-
hin
geda
rchABCca
rri
esau n
ifo
rmlydi
str
ibu
tedloa
dfroma
ho
riz
ont
aldec
kasshow
n.百l
evalueo
ftheho
riz
ont
althr
usta
tthes
upp
ort
sis

[
}
=[
] ー 6m

4m

15m 10m
ド 当6
オ
a. 282kN
b
. 1 97kN
. 218kN
c
d. 252kN

4
8. Givent
het
russhown，t
s hev
ert
ica
lde
fle
cti
ona
tB i
s

E=29，
000k s
ifo
rbo
thmembers
A=2i
2
nf o
rAB
A=3in2
fo
rBC
10抗

20k
ips
8f
t
ド 当
￨

. 1
a .2i
n
b
.0.
05i
n
c
. 0
.2i
n
. 0
d .1i
n
152 p
Apen
dixA
fte
moo
nSamp
leExa
min
ati
on

4
9. Themaximumb
end
ingmomentf
ort
hebeamshowni
s

3.5m 1
.5m
ド ~〈

a
. 12
.60kNm
b
. 8.
82kNm
c
. 9.
41kNm
d
. 10
.25kN
m
5
0. Ac l
ientreq
uire
sanewf ci
a 1
it
yq uic
klytore
pla
ceonedestr
oye
dbya
hu
rric
ane.Hei snotcer
tai
ne xa
ctlywhatits
houldi
ncl
ude
.Theb e
st
ty
peo fcontr
acttobeusedin出 issitu
ati
oni
s
a
.u nitpric
e
b
. lumpsum
c
.c ostplusfix
edfee
d
.s urety
5
1. Whatist h
eh e
ight(
白)o
fac o
nic
alspo
ilpil
e，if10
0ftbankcuydo
f
commone art
hw i
thana
ngl
eo fre
pos
eo f320 a
nda12%s we
lli
s
dep
osited
?
a
.9 .6
b
. 1 9.
2
c
. 1 0.
4
d
. 33 .
3
5
2. D
ete
rmin
ethevolumeoffi
1lf
orawholes
tat
ion(
100f
t
)ofc
utw
ith
t
heenda
rea
sshownb e
low
.

¥A
l
=1
2
0f
t
'/¥ι= が/¥
A=，
' / 1
50 100f
t

3
a
. 8 20yd
b.456.8ydj
c
.5 06.
2yd
J

d. 56 4yd
9.
J

5
3. ABCC onstru
ctionCompanyistelowb
h i
dderat$500， 000onabuild
ing
pro
ject
.Thecompanyh aspro
videdthety
picalb i db ond.Afteraward
ofthecontr
act，thecompanydec
idestowithdra wi t
sb id
.Thes econd
low
estb i
dwas$520， 00
0.Howmuchi sthesur~ty . company r
equi
redto
reim
bursethe c
lien
t f
orthefa
ilu
re o
f ABC to sig n?
a
. $ 500，
000
b
. $50，000
c
. $20 000
，
d
. $ 50
0 0
Solutions may be for problems with slightly different S
olu
tio
ns 唱63

dimensions;
41. d
I was given two apparently .disjointed
Al
lo fthestatem
sets.en
tsar
ec o町e
ct
.
One may conclude that problems are for the most part
42. a.
identical but with different dimensions.
4
3. b
.
3
Qf=0.
2m /
s
Q/Qf=0.
4 内

Q =0
.08m
'>
/s

4
4 . Th
. d ef
reebodydiagr
a mfo
rBCDi ssho
wn.Note白atacommonmistake
co
uldb
e脳 出 国ngtha
tc a
bleACform
sa3 -
4-5凶 a
ngl td
ewheni<∞sn
't百l
. e
ve
同calandhor
izo
ntalcompo
nen
tsofT訂 eO .
66Tand0
.7，
5Tre
spe
cti
vel
y.

T
10

Bx

ヱ MB =0.66Tx2-10x2.5=0司 T=ω 4

ヱぇ=久一 0.75x18.94=0弓 x=
B 1
4.2
0

ヱ久 “
π = +0 x1
8.4-10=0=
9 >By=-
2.5
0

RB= 石弓 4
4
5 . EI=
. b r2x
¥
ぽ型 )X(3X1
m-J
O- )=
6m4 ∞
6 k
Nm2

D
efl
ect
iona
trn
ids
pan(
x 2m)duet
op=
o
intl
oadi
sgi
venby

o=一
一
Pb
一 [-x +(Lーか )x]=_
6LEr
三
j
句
l
今

-~:. ~~:~ [
"
-2 +(
4
6x4xω。
20xO.5 _，
_ j l
- ]=
OS)x2 0
.01
6

D
efl
ect
iona
trn
ids
pan(
x 2m)duet
od=
i
str
ibu
tedl
oadi
sgi
venby

4 4
δ 5wL 5x4x4
=一一=一一一一
384EI 384x600
=0.022

T
ota
lmi
dsp
and
efl
ect
ion=0
.03
8m =3
8m m

4
6. c
. B
uck
lin
gab
outt
hes
tro
ng(
x)鉱 i
s
:

K=2
.0;L=32f
;r
t x=8
.70i
n;KUr=8
8.3

B
uck
lin
gab
outt
heweak(
y)a
xis
:

K=0
.7;L=32f
;r
t y=1
.84i
n;KUr= 1
46.
1
唱64 A
ppe
ndi
xAf
tem
oonS
amp
leExa
min
ati
on

R π2EA π2x29，
000x273 内〆" .
=ナーーす= ヲ =jOO阻 p
:

(
子}
4
7. b
. Ther
earefou
rextemalrea
ction
s-A_ A.c
x' "Y
.
.andC-andtwointemal
~x'

hi
ngeforces-B
x a
nd By
一 旬 bedet
errnined
.Re
cogn
izeth
atAxandCx
ar
eequa
la ndop
posi
te.Solv
ingfo
re ithe
rAxorCxi
ssuf
fic
ien
t
.
T
aki
ngmomentsa
botA(
u ent
ires
tru
ctu
re)
:

ヱ MA =500x山 +4ι -25C

y=0

T
aki
ngmomentsa
bou
tB (
rig
hth
alfo
fst
ruc
tur
e):

ヱ MB.right=2 に一以 =0
00x5-6

S
olv
ingt
hes
eeq
uat
ios，weg
n etCx=ー1
97.
4ki
ps.

4
8. d
. S
tep1
:Us
ingmethodo
fjo
int
satj
oin
tB:

凡B =+2
5.6k(
T)
FBC=ー 1
6.0k(
c)

St
ep2:Cal
cul
atet
hememberfo
rce
sduetovi
rtu
all
oad(
not
e:in出iscas，
e
出e毘 al
loadandt
hevirt
ual
loa
dlooksi
mil
ar，s
owec a
nu s
es c
ali
ng)
:

んB =+1
.28(
T)
fBC=-
0.8
0(c
)

S
tep3
:

L1=~5 似1.28 x(12.81x12)+-16x-O.8x(8xI2L

=す rFf =0.10血
"
"
""
'lAE) 2x29.000 3x29.000

4
9. b
. Usingth
efix
edendmomentlo
adcas
esi
n白eFES
upp
lie
d-R
そfe
ren
ce
Handbookw
itht
hefollo
win
gdat
a:

P=1
2kN;α=3
.5m;b=1
.5m;L=5m

.
 Solutions 唱65

2
Pab2
=-
-_
._
._
_1
2x3
-
-_
..5x1
.5
- =3.78kNr
n
AB=ーで
7一
2
L~
2 2
Pa
=ーでb 1
一=-
-2
_x
.
_3
.
_.
5
_-x
.1
.
_
.5=
- =
8.2kN
8 rn
BA r2
L~

12

T
aki
ngr
nor
nen
tsa
botA，
u

ヱ MA =+3.78一 以 3.5-8.82+玖 =0叫 =9.

408釦 dAy=2.592

Thes
hea
rdi
agr
arna
ndb
end
ingr
nor
nen
tdi
agr
arn
s紅 e
:

2.592

9
.40
8

+5.292kN
m

-
3.7
8kN
m -8.82kNm

5
0. c
. C
ostp
1usfi
xedfe
e.Cho
ice
saa
ndbr
equ
iread
eta
ile
dde
sig
n;c
hoi
ced
i
sabond
ingcor
npan
y.

5
1. c
. Loosecuf
t=1 00cuydx 1 .1
2x 27cuft
/ cuyd=3024cuf
t
Basedi
arn
ete
r( B
)==(7.
64x 3024/t an32 )1/3=3
0
3.3f
t
Heig
ht=
=( 3.
3 3/
2)(ta
n320 ) =
=10.
4ft

5
2 . 百
. d 1ispr
obl
ernc
anbes
olv
edus
ingt
hepr
isr
noi
dalr
net
hod
.Vo
1ur
ne=
=(1
c
uyd/27c uf
t)1 f∞
t[120s
qft+(4x 150sqf
t)+100s
qft
]/6=
5
06.2cuyd

5
3. c
. Thec
lie
ntcano
nlyre
cove
rth
e10s
si n
curr
edbythedef
aul
t，whichi
s
出edi
百eren
cebetw
eenth
elowbi
da n
dt h
es e
con
d1 0
westbi
d:$20，
000
.

5
4. b
. T
ota
lc o
st=$50，000+$5000==$55，000
U
nitcost=
=$55，
000/200==$275
.00/ftNote出a
tth
eun
itp
ric
ern
ust
i
nclu
det h
eco
ntr
acto
r'sp
rof
itr
/nark
up.

=-.:
 Determinacy and Stability
Determinacy and Stability I
TRUSSES
Trusses are statically determinate when all the bar forces can be determined
from the equations of statics alone. Otherwise the truss is statically
indeterminate.
A truss may be statically/externally determinate or indeterminate with respect to
the reactions (more than 3 or 6 reactions in 2D or 3D problems respectively).
A truss may be internally determinate or indeterminate.
If we refer to j as the number of joints, R the number of reactions and m the
number of members, then we would have a total of m + R unknowns and 2j (or
3j) equations of statics (2D or 3D at each joint). If we do not have enough
equations of statics then the problem is indeterminate, if we have too many
equations then the truss is unstable.
2D 3D
Static Indeterminacy
External R>3 R>6
Internal m + R > 2j m + R > 3j
Unstable m + R < 2j m + R < 3j

Victor E. Saouma; CVEN 3525; Univ. of Colorado Reactions 5/23

 Method of Joints
Method of Joints II

This method should be used when all member forces must be determined.
In truss analysis, there is no sign convention. A member is assumed to be
under tension (or compression). If after analysis, the force is found to be
negative, then this would imply that the wrong assumption was made, and that
the member should have been under compression (or tension).
On a free body diagram, the internal forces are represented by arrow acting on
the joints and not as end forces on the element itself. That is for tension, the
arrow is pointing away from the joint, and for compression toward the joint.
C
C

c c -ve -ve

A B A B
t +ve

Victor E. Saouma; CVEN 3525; Univ. of Colorado Reactions 9/23

 Example; Method of Joints
Example; Method of Joints I

8
12

G
10' H F

32'

E
B C D
A
20 k 40 k 40 k

24' 24' 24' 24'

√
1 R = 3, m = 13, 2j = 16, and m + R = 2j
2 We compute the reactions

z

+
 ΣM E = 0; ⇒ (20 + 12)(3)(24) + (40 + 8)(2)(24) + (40)(24) − RAy (4)(24) = 0

 
⇒ RAy = 58 k 6
+ ? ΣFy = 0; ⇒ 20 + 12 + 40 + 8 + 40 − 58 − REy = 0

⇒ REy = 62 k 6
Victor E. Saouma; CVEN 3525; Univ. of Colorado Reactions 10/23
 Example; Method of Joints
Example; Method of Joints II

3 Consider each joint separately:

Node A: Clearly AH is under compression, and AB under tension.

FAH

A FAB

58 k
 
+ 6 ΣFy = 0; ⇒ −FAHy + 58 = 0
FAH = l l (FAHy )
y p
ly = 32; l = 322 + 242 = 40

 
⇒ 40 (58) = 72.5
FAH = 32 k Compression
-
+ ΣFx = 0; ⇒ −FAHx + FAB = 0

FAB = LLx (FAHy ) = 32

y
24 (58) = 43.5 k Tension
Node B:

Victor E. Saouma; CVEN 3525; Univ. of Colorado Reactions 11/23

 Example; Method of Joints
Example; Method of Joints III

FBH

B
43.5 k FBC

20 k
 
+- ΣFx = 0; ⇒ FBC = 43.5 k Tension
 
+ 6 ΣFy = 0; ⇒ FBH = 20 k Tension
Node H:

12 k

FHG
H FHGy
FAHx
FHCy FHGx
FAHy
FHCx
72 k FHC
20 k

Victor E. Saouma; CVEN 3525; Univ. of Colorado Reactions 12/23

 Example; Method of Joints
Example; Method of Joints IV

 
+ - ΣFx = 0; ⇒ FAHx − FHCx + FHGx = 0
43.5 − q 24 (FHC ) + q 24 (FHG ) = 0
  242 +322 242 +102

+ 6 ΣFy = 0; ⇒ FAHy + FHCy − 12 + FHGy − 20 = 0

58 + q 32 (FHC ) − 12 + q 10 (FHG ) − 20 = 0
242 +322 242 +102

This can be most conveniently written as

    
0.6 −0.921 FHC 43.5
=
−0.8 −0.385 FHG 26.0

Solving we obtain FHC = −7.5 and FHG = −52, thus we made an erroneous assumption in the
free body diagram of node H, and the final answer is

FHC = 7.5k Tension

FHG = 52 k Compression

Node E:

Victor E. Saouma; CVEN 3525; Univ. of Colorado Reactions 13/23

 Example; Method of Joints
Example; Method of Joints V

FEF

FED E

62 k
q
242 +322
ΣFy = 0; ⇒ FEFy = 62 ⇒ FEF = 32
(62) = 77.5 kC
ΣFx = 0; ⇒ FED = FEFx ⇒ FED = 24 (F
32 EFy
) = 24
32
(62) = 46.5 kT

The results of this analysis are summarized below

Victor E. Saouma; CVEN 3525; Univ. of Colorado Reactions 14/23

 Example; Method of Joints
Example; Method of Joints VI

8
12

52 52
43.5 46.5
58 62

32
2.5
7. 5

4
0
77
20
.5

.5
72

43.5 43.5 46.5 46.5

58 20 40 40 62
4 We could check our calculations by verifying equilibrium of forces at a node not previously used, such as D

Victor E. Saouma; CVEN 3525; Univ. of Colorado Reactions 15/23

 Examples Beams
Example Beam; 1

SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS

11 k 10 k
3
4 2 k/ft

B C D
A 4ft 6ft 4ft E
4ft

Reactions are determined from the equilibrium equations

(+ ) ΣFx = 0; ⇒
 −Ax + 6 = 0 ⇒ Ax = 6 k

ΣMA = 0;
(+ ) ⇒ (11)(4) + (8)(10) + (4)(2)(14 + 2) − Ey (18) = 0
⇒ REy = 14 k
) ΣFy = 0; ⇒ Ay − 11 − 8 − (4)(2) + 14 = 0 ⇒ Ay = 13 k
(+ 6

Victor E. Saouma; CVEN 3525; Univ. of Colorado Internal Forces 11/31

 Examples Beams
Example Beam; 2

11 k 10 k
3
4 2 k/ft

B C D
A 4ft 6ft 4ft E
4ft

Shear are determined next.

1 At A the shear is equal to the reaction and is positive.
2 At B the shear drops (negative load) by 11 k to 2 k.
3 At C it drops again by 8 k to −6 k.
4 It stays constant up to D and then it decreases (constant negative slope
since the load is uniform and negative) by 2 k per linear foot up to −14 k.
5 As a check, −14 k is also the reaction previously determined at F .
Moment is determined last:
1 The moment at A is zero (hinge support).
2 The change in moment between A and B is equal to the area under the
corresponding shear diagram, or ∆MB−A = (13)(4) = 52.
3 etc...
Victor E. Saouma; CVEN 3525; Univ. of Colorado Internal Forces 12/31
 Examples Beams
Example Beam; 3

10 k
A

11 k 8k

E
13 k 2k 2 k C -6 k
B

13 k
2k
A=(13)(4)=52 A=(6)(2)=12
A=(-6)(4)=-24 A=-4(6+14)/2=-40
-6 k

Slope= dV/dx=w=-2
-14 k

x=+2 dM/d
x=-6
dM/d
52+12=64
0+52=52

64-24=40
A B C D E

Victor E. Saouma; CVEN 3525; Univ. of Colorado Internal Forces 13/31

 arches Three Hinged Arch; Point Loads
Three Hinged Arch; Point Loads I

ARCHES
20 k B 20 k
30 k 30 k
HB HB
B
20' 20' VB VB
33.75'

80 k 80 k HC
C C
30' VC
26.25' HA A
A
80' 60' VA

Four unknowns, three equations of equilibrium, one equation of condition ⇒ statically determinate.



 
+ ΣMzC = 0; (RAy )(140) + (80)(3.75) − (30)(80) − (20)(40) + RAx (26.25) = 0
⇒ 140RAy + 26.25RAx = 2.900
-
!
+ ΣFx = 0; 80 − RAx − RCx = 0
! (22)
+ 6 ΣFy = 0; RAy + RCy − 30 − 20 = 0

+
 

ΣMzB = 0; (Rax )(60) − (80)(30) − (30)(20) + (RAy )(80) = 0
⇒ 80RAy + 60RAx = 3, 000

Victor E. Saouma; CVEN 3525; Univ. of Colorado Cables & Arches 19/24
 arches Three Hinged Arch; Point Loads
Three Hinged Arch; Point Loads II

Solving those four equations simultaneously we have:

 

140 26.25 0 0

 RAy



 2, 900



 RAy




 15.1 k 



 0 1 0 1 


RAx


=


80


⇒


RAx


=


29.8 k 

(23)
 1
80
0
60
1
0
0
0



RCy 





50
3, 000






RCy 





 34.9 k 



RCx RCx 
50.2 k 

We can check our results by considering the summation with respect to B from the right:

  B
+
ΣMz = 0; −(20)(20) − (50.2)(33.75) + (34.9)(60) = 0√ (24)

Victor E. Saouma; CVEN 3525; Univ. of Colorado Cables & Arches 20/24
 Examples Beam
Example: Beam I

BEAM DEFLECTION, VIRTUAL FORCE

Determine the deflection at point C. E = 29, 000 ksi, I = 100 in4 .

2 k/ft 1k
A B
A C C
B C 0.5 k 1.5 k
15 k 45 k
20' 10'
x x
15x-x2
Real Moment Virtual Moment
2
-x -0.5x -x

Element x =0 M δM
AB A 15x − x 2 −0.5x
BC C −x 2 −x

Victor E. Saouma; CVEN 3525; Univ. of Colorado Virtual Work 10/23

 Examples Beam
Example: Beam II

Applying the principle of virtual work, we obtain

Z L
M(x)
∆C δP = δM(x) dx
| {z } 0 EIz
∗ | {z }
δW ∗
δU
Z 20 (15x − x 2 )
Z 10 −x 2
(1)∆C = (−0.5x) dx + (−x) dx
0 EI 0 EI
2, 500
=
EI
3 3
(2, 500) k − ft (1, 728) in3 / ft
∆C = 4
(29, 000) ksi(100) in
= 1.49 in

Victor E. Saouma; CVEN 3525; Univ. of Colorado Virtual Work 11/23

 Examples Truss; Simple
Truss; Simple I

Determine the deflection at node 2 for the truss. TRUSS-DEFLECTION; Virtual

A=5.0 in2 each;
force
60 k 120 k E=10x103 ksi 60 120

7 -45.0 -0.50 -0.54

4 5
-

.8

0.226
0.56
16.8
-0.56 -1.124

6
0.56
6 -117.3 -0.56

-16

-0.22
3 4 5 12' -83.8 1.574
1 3 37.5 52.5 0.25 0.25 0.45 0.63
1 2
A
12' 12' 0.5 1.0 0.5
75.0 105.0

You will not get something as complex as this truss

(e) (e) P (e) L
δP P (e) , L, A, E, δP AE
Member kips kips ft in2 ksi
1 +0.25 +37.5 12 5.0 10 × 103 +22.5 × 10−4
2 +0.25 +52.5 12 5.0 10 × 103 +31.5 × 10−4
3 -0.56 -83.8 13.42 5.0 10 × 103 +125.9 × 10−4
4 +0.56 +16.8 13.42 5.0 10 × 103 +25.3 × 10−4
5 +0.56 -16.8 13.42 5.0 10 × 103 −25.3 × 10−4
6 -0.56 -117.3 13.42 5.0 10 × 103 +176.6 × 10−4
7 -0.50 -45.0 12 5.0 10 × 103 +54.0 × 10−4
+410.5 × 10−4

Victor E. Saouma; CVEN 3525; Univ. of Colorado Virtual Work 18/23

 Examples Truss; Simple
Truss; Simple II

The deflection is thus given by

7
X (e) PL
δP∆ = δP
AE
1

∆ = (410.5 × 10−4 )(12 in/ ft) = 0.493 in

Victor E. Saouma; CVEN 3525; Univ. of Colorado Virtual Work 19/23

 Examples Truss with initial camber
Truss with initial camber I

It is desired to provide 3 in. of camber at the center of the truss shown below
You may
2 3
get
1
somethin
36'
g along
those
1k lines, or
6 @ 27' with
temperat
by fabricating the endposts and top chord members additionally long. How much should the
length of each endpost and each panel of the top chord be increased? ure load
Assume that each endpost and each section of top chord is increased 0.1 in.
(e) (e)
Member δP int ∆L δP int ∆L
1 +0.625 +0.1 +0.0625
2 +0.750 +0.1 +0.0750
3 +1.125 +0.1 +0.1125
+0.2500

Victor E. Saouma; CVEN 3525; Univ. of Colorado Virtual Work 22/23

 Examples Truss with initial camber
Truss with initial camber II

Thus,
(2)(0.250) = 0.50 in
Since the structure is linear and elastic, the required increase of length for each section will
be  
3.0
(0.1) = 0.60 in
0.50
If we use the practical value of 0.625 in., the theoretical camber will be
(6.25)(0.50)
= 3.125 in
0.1

Victor E. Saouma; CVEN 3525; Univ. of Colorado Virtual Work 23/23

Solve for the vertical displacement at C of the following structure.
REACTIONS AND DISPLACEMENTS
Aluminum rod, A =1 in 2 , E =107 psi
D

Aluminum Beam, A =10 in 2 , I = 171 in 4 , E =107 psi

3
60"
2k
4

A B C

80" 160"

Step 1. Draw free body diagram and calculate all forces due to real load and virtual load .
D
Dx (CCW +ve)ΣM A = 0
Dx (60) − 2(240) = 0
Dy Dx = 8k
2k
+
→ ΣFx = 0
A B C − Dx + Ax = 0
Ax
Ax = 8k
80" 160"
+ ↑ ΣFy = 0
Ay
− Ay + Dy − 2 = 0 (1)
V. Saouma; CVEN‐3525 1
 Dy
3
T = Dy (2) From Eq.(2)
5
D Dy = 6k
4
8k 3 T = Dx = 8k From Eq.(1)
4 5
T T = 10 k A y = 4k

Likewise, we can get the reaction due to unit virtual load at point C by similar manner.

8k 4k

6k 2k
3k δP =1

A B C A B C
8k 4k
80" 160" 80" 160” 160"

4k 2k

Free Body Diagram due to real load Free Body Diagram due to virtual load

V. Saouma; CVEN‐3525 2
Step 2. Determine forces in cable and beam for each elements due to real load and virtual 
load
(i) Cable.  You may not get something as complex
for deflection; however make sure that
Tension is constant along the cable length.  you understand this.

Element x=0 P δP
DB D 10 5

(ii)    Beam. 
6k 2k 3k δP =1

A 8k B C A 4k B C
8k 4k
80" 160" 80" 160"

4k 2k

Free Body Diagram due to real load Free Body Diagram due to virtual load

Element x=0 P δP M δM
AB A ‐8 ‐4 ‐4x ‐2x
BC B 0 0 2x‐320 x‐160

V. Saouma; CVEN‐3525 3
From (i) and (ii) P M
ΔCδ P = ∫ δ P dx + ∫ δ M dx
 AE EI
δ w* 
L L

δ u*

( −4)( −8)
100 80
(5)(10)
Δ C (1) = ∫ Ac E
dx + ∫
Ab E
dx
0 0

( −2 x )( −4 x ) ( x − 160)(2 x − 320)
80 160

+∫ + ∫ dx
0
EI b 0
EI b
(−4)( −8)
100 80
(5)(10)
= ∫ (1in )(10 2 7
psi )
dx + ∫ 2
(10 in )(10 psi )7
dx
0 0

( −2 x )( −4 x ) ( x − 160)(2 x − 320)
80 160

+∫ 7 4
+ ∫ 7 4
dx
0
(10 psi )(171 in ) 0
(10 psi )(171 in )
Δ C = 0.0005 + 0.0000256 + 0.0007984 + 0.001597
= 0.0005256
 + 0
.0023954

Axial Contribution Flexure Contribution

Δ C = 0.0029 in (↓)
V. Saouma; CVEN‐3525 4
For the truss shown below:
a. Determine the horizontal deflection at C, Assume AE constant. 

600 lb C TRUSS DEFLECTIONS

8'
1500 lb B D

8'

A E
8'

V. Saouma; CVEN‐3525 10
(a). Determine the horizontal deflection at C. Assume AE constant.
600 lb C δP =1 C

4 2 4
8' 2 8'
1500 lb B 3 D B 3 D

6 8' 1 6
8' 1
5 5
A E A E
8' 8'

Real load Virtual load
You will not get such a Member δP(lb) P(lb) L(in) AE δP.(PL/AE)
complex truss, however 1 2 1,200 96 AE 230,400/AE
the procedure is very
important to understand 2 2 1,200 96 AE 230,400/AE
3 0 ‐1,500 48 AE 0
4 ‐2.24 ‐1,341.64 107.33 AE 322,560/AE
5 0 1,677.05 107.33 AE 0
6 ‐2.24 ‐3,018.69 107.33 AE 725,759.6/AE
1,509,119lb − in
∑= 1.51 × 106 lb − in
AE ΔCh = (→)
AE
V. Saouma; CVEN‐3525 11
(b). Remove the loads and determine the horizontal displacement of C if members AB and  BC 
experience a temperature increase ΔТ=200°F, Take A = 2 in2, E = 29,000 ksi, and α=10‐6/°F

C
Member L(in) α(1/°F) ΔT(°F) ΔL=αΔTL(in) δP δP.ΔL

2 4
1 96 10‐6 200 0.0192 2 0.0384
ΔT = 200D F 3 D 2 96 10‐6 200 0.0192 2 0.0384
B
6 3 48 10‐6 0 0 0 0
1 5
4 107.33 10‐6 0 0 ‐2.24 0
A E
5 107.33 10‐6 0 0 0 0

6 107.33 10‐6 0 0 ‐2.24 0

∑ = 0.0768

ΔCh = 0.0768 in (→)

You will not get such a
complex truss, however
the procedure is very
important to understand

V. Saouma; CVEN‐3525 12
c. Remove the loads and determine the horizontal displacement of C if member CD is 
fabricated 0.5 in too short.
C
Member L(in) ΔL(in) δP δP.ΔL
4 Fabricated 0.5 in 
2 1 96 0 2 0
too short.
2 96 0 2 0
3 D
B 3 48 0 0 0
6 4 107.33 ‐0.5 ‐2.24 1.12
1 5
5 107.33 0 0 0
A E
6 107.33 0 ‐2.24 0
∑ = 1.12

You will not get such a

complex truss, however
the procedure is very ΔCh = 1.12 in (→)
important to understand

V. Saouma; CVEN‐3525 13