Temperature Measurement

1. Name the materials commonly used for RTDs. Which one has the most linear
characteristics

2. What do you mean by lead wire compensation of RTD. How can they be
achieved?

5. What is the difference between a NTC thermistor and a PTC thermistor?

6. A thermistor is more suitable for measurement of temperature within a small

range- justify.

4 Name three types thermocouples and their suitable temperature range.

8. State and explain the laws of thermocouple.

9. What do you mean by cold junction compensation of a thermocouple? Suggest

two methods for compensation.
Pressure measurement

2. Bellows are commonly used in conjunction with a spring. Why?

Force measurement

How the effect of temperature variation can be compensated in a strain gage bridge?

How would you connect four strain gages on a cantilever beam so as to achieve maximum sensitivity and
perfect temperature compensation? Show the arrangement of placing the strain gages and the bridge
arrangement.
 Flow measurement
1. What is meant by discharge coefficient in an orifice type flowmeter?
2. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of an orifice meter and a venturimeter.
3. Can a rotameter be used in a horizontal pipe line? If not, explain why?
4. The magnetic field applied to an electromagnetic flowmeter is not constant, but time varying. Why?
5. What are the flowmeters where the output is frequency varying with flow velocity?
6. What is the difference between a constant area variable pressure drop flowmeter and a constant pressure
drop variable area flowmeter?

8. A rotameter designed to measure the flow rate of water is used to measure the flow rate of brine (specific
gravity 1.15), without altering the scale. Would it more, or less? Justify.

Level and humidity

1. How would you measure level of a liquid inside a sealed tank? Explain with a schematic arrangement any
one of the methods.
2. Name different techniques used for level measurement of a liquid. Explain the principle of operation of
hydrostatic differential pressure level gage.
3. Name few instances where measurement of humidity/ moisture finds important applications in industry.
4. How the moisture content in solids can be measured? Give an example and show the schematic
arrangement.

6. Explain with simple sketches the construction of measuring electrode and reference electrode. Why two
electrodes are required for pH measurement?
7. Why temperature compensation scheme should be provided in pH measurement?
8. What special arrangements are to be provided for amplifying the voltage generated in a pH electrode?
Justify.