DU Pre-Entrance Summer School 2017

(Department of Physics & Astrophysics, University of Delhi, 09 – 23 June, 2017)

Solutions of D.U. M. Sc. (Physics) Entrance Exam, 2015

Compiled by
1. Ms. Poonam Jain (Sri Aurobindo College)
2. Dr. Sunil Kumar (Ramjas College)
3. Dr. Hema Chutani (Hansraj College)
4. Dr. Yogesh Kumar (ARSD College)
5. Dr. Punit Tyagi (Ramjas College)

Editor Mr. Ashish Tyagi (Swami Shraddhanand College)

Program Convenor Dr. Sanjay Jain

Professor and Head,
Department of Physics & Astrophysics,
University of Delhi.

Programme Coordinator Dr. Shrikant Kukreti

Professor,
Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi.

1
1. Assume that each copper atom contributes one free electron to the electron gas. The density
of copper is 8.94 × 103 kg/m3 and its atomic mass is 63.5 amu. The Fermi energy (in joule)
is of the order of
(a) 10-18 (b) 10-13 (c) 1013 (d) 1018

Sol.  F  T  0 K  
h2  3 N



2/3

=
6.6310   34 2
 3 
8.481028   
2/3

= 1.131018 J
 31 
2 m  8  V  (2) (9.1110 )  8  

N  8.94103
  8.481028 atoms/ m3
since,
V
=
1u (atomic mass)  
1.6610 27 63.5 u 

= 8.481028 electrons / m3
Ans. is (a) [Ms. Bhavna Vidhani, HRC]

2. The entropy of the system in statistical mechanics is defined as ( k is the Boltzmann

constant and  is the number of microstates accessible to the system)
(a) S = k ln  (b) S = (k / 2) ln 

(c) S = 2k ln  (d) S = k 2 ln 

Sol. By definition, S = k ln 
Ans. is (a) [Dr. Anuradha Gupta, SGTB]

3. If E1 is the energy of the lowest state of a one-dimensional potential box of length ‘ a ’ and
E 2 is the energy of the lowest state when the length of box is ‘ a / 2’, then

(a) E 2 = 2 E1 (b) E 2 = E1 / 2 (c) E 2 = E1 / 4 (d) E 2 = 4 E1

 2  2 n2
Sol. Energy of a particle in a box of length L is E n 
2 m L2

 2 2
Put n = 1 and L = a , we get E1 
2 m a2

4 2 2
Put n = 1 and L = a /2, we get E2  = 4 E1
2 m a2

Ans. is (d) [Ms. Bhavna Vidhani, HRC]

4. The white dwarf stars are stable due to

(a) electron degeneracy pressure
(b) gravitational attraction
(c) heat generated by fusion against gravitational collapse (d) fission
Sol. If the mass of white dwarf star exceeds 1.4 MSun, then gravity is so large that electron gas
pressure can never balance it. So, we can say that the white dwarf stars are stable due to

2
 electron degeneracy pressure.
Ans. is (a) [Ms. Bhavna Vidhani, HRC]


  dr
5. Let r = xˆ r cos  t  yˆ r sin  t . For constant r and  , calculate r × .
dt

(a) r 2 xˆ (b) r 2 yˆ (c) r 2 zˆ (d) r 2 cos (2 t ) zˆ


 dr
Sol. Given r = r cos  t xˆ  r sin  t yˆ  =  r sin  t xˆ  r  sin  t yˆ
dt

 xˆ yˆ zˆ
 dr
So, r× = r cos t r sin  t 0 = r 2 zˆ
dt
 r  sin  t r  cos t 0

Ans. is (c) [Dr. Anuradha Gupta, SGTB]

x e  x d x is equal to
2
2n
6. The integral


 1  1
(a)  n  1 (b)  n  1 (c) n   (d) n  
 2  2
 
1  2n  1  1
 
x 2 n e x d x = 2 x 2 n e x d x = 2 
2 2
Sol. I =  = n  
2 1
( 2 n  1) / 2
 0  2   2

1  n  1
x e a x d x 
p
Using n
( n  1) / p
  
0
pa  p 

Ans. is (d) [Mr. Ashish Tyagi, SSNC]

7. Let F ( ) be the Fourier transform of f (t ) and G( ) be the Fourier transform of g (t ) =

f (t  a) . The G( ) and F ( ) are related with one another as

(a) G( ) = e  i ( a  t )  F ( ) (b) G( ) = e  i a  F ( )

(c) G( ) = e  i  t F ( ) (d) G( ) = e  i ( a  t )  F ( )

Sol. Given, g (t ) = f (t  a) .
Take Fourier Transform of both sides :
F g (t ) = F  f (t  a)  G ( )  e i a  F ( )

Using Shifting Property, F  f (t  a)  ei a  F ( )

Ans. is (b) [Mr. Gagandeep Longiany, KMV]

8. A finite amount of heat released at t = 0 spreads uniformly in all directions from the origin
in a medium initially at zero temperature everywhere. The spatial and temporal temperature

3
 C
er
2
/( 4 a 2t )
distribution is given as , where a and C are some constants. The time it takes
3
t
for the temperature at distance ‘ r ’ from the origin to attain its maximum value, is
r2 r2 3r 2 r2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6a2 4a2 8a2 a2

C dH C r2 3  2 2
er = 3 t 3 / 2 2 2  t1 / 2  e  r /( 4a t )  0
2
/( 4 a 2t )
Sol. H= 
t3 dt t  4a t 2 

r2 3 r2
 2 1/ 2
 t1 / 2  t =
4a t 2 6a2

Ans. is (a) [Mr. Ashish Tyagi, SSNC]

9. The Euler-Lagrangian equation for a system is given as x =   x  x (k / m) . Which of the

following Lagrangians will describe this system?
1 1
(a) L= exp ( t ) (m x 2  k x 2 ) (b) L= exp ( t ) (m x 2  k x 2 )
2 2
1 1
(c) L= exp (  t ) (m x 2  k x 2 ) (d) L= exp (  t ) (m x 2  k x 2 )
2 2

d L L
Sol. Euler-Lagrangian equation is   0
d t   x   x

For choice (a);

d t
dt

e m x  e t k x  0     m x   x e t  e t k x  0

i. e., x    x  x (k / m)

Choice (b);
d t
dt
  
e m x   e t k x  0   m x   x e t  e t k x  0

i. e., x    x  x (k / m)
Choice (c) will give x   x  x (k / m) and (d) will give x   x  x (k / m)
Ans. is (b) [Mr. Ashish Tyagi, SSNC]

10. The imaginary part of an analytic function in Cartesian coordinate is 2 x y . The real part is
given by
(a) x2  y 2  a 2 (b) x2  y2  a 2

(c)  x2  y2  a 2 (d)  x2  y2  a 2

Sol. If f ( z)  u ( x , y)  i v ( x , y) , then v ( x , y) = 2 x y

I C-R eqn: v x  u y  2 y  u y Int. both sides w. r. t. y : u   y 2  h ( x)

4
 dh
II C-R eqn: vy  ux  2x  Int. both sides w. r. t. x : h  x 2  c
dx

Thus, u  x 2  y 2  c
Ans. is (b) [Dr. Anuradha Gupta, SGTB]

11. The Laurent series of a function f (z ) about z = 2 is given by

1 1 1 1 z 2
f (z ) =      ......
2 ( z  2) 3
4 ( z  2) 2
8 ( z  2) 16 32

The order of the pole and the value of the residue are
(a) Order = 3, Residue = 1/ 2 (b) Order = 2, Residue =  1 / 4
(c) Order = 1, Residue = 1/ 8 (d) Order = 3, Residue = 1/ 8
1
Sol. The highest power of is 3  Order of the pole at z  2 is 3
z2

1
Coefficient of is 1/ 8  Residue at z  2 is 1/ 8
z2

Ans. is (d) [Dr. Anuradha Gupta, SGTB]

12. The Bessel function J1 ( x) has its first zero at x = 3.8317. The intensity of light of
wavelength  in the diffraction pattern from a circular aperture of size ‘ a ’ at an angle  is
2
  2 a 
proportional to  J1  sin    . The angle  at which the intensity will fall to zero for a
   

typical wavelength of 5.5 × 10-7 m and a = 0.5 cm, is about

(a) 14 sec (b) 23 minutes (c) 24 degrees (d) 7 radians
Sol. First root of J1 ( x) lie at x = 3.8317
2 a
sin  = 3.8317  sin  = 6.7082 × 10
-5
Intensity will be zero if

  = 6.7082 × 10-5 rad = 3.8435 × 10-3 degree = 13.84 sec
Ans. is (a) [Mr. Ashish Tyagi, SSNC]

13. Which of the following statements is true for a square matrix A?

(a) If A2 = 0, it necessarily implies that A = 0.
(b) If A is real and orthogonal, its eigenvalues will always be real.
(c) If A is hermitian, its diagonal entries are always real.
(d) If A is anti-hermitian (skew-hermitian), its diagonal entries are always zero.
Sol. (i) Now A2 = a
j
ij a j i = a i1 a1i  a i 2 a 2i      a i n a n i (1)

5
 Product in eq. (1) can be zero with non-zero a i j ' s ,

i. e., if A2 = 0, then A can be  0. So, choice (a) is ruled out.

(ii) If A is real and orthogonal, then A AT = I  det(A) det(AT) = det(I)
 [det(A)]2 = 1  det(A) =  1 = λ1 λ2 … λn
where, λ1, λ2, …, λn are the eigenvalues of A.
The most general 2 2 orthogonal matrices are

cos x sin x 
B=   with eigenvalues 1 and  1. Product is  1
 sin x  cos x 
 cos x sin x  ix i x
and C=   with eigenvalues e and e . Product is 1
  sin x cos x 
So, choice (b) is also ruled out as eigenvalues of C are complex.
(iii) If A is hermitian, then A = A†  aij = aji*  i and j
If i = j, then aii = aii*  diagonal elements are real  Ans. is (c)
(iv) If A is anti-hermitian, then A = ‒A†  (a)ij = ‒(a)ji*  i and j
If i = j, then aii = ‒aii* (2)
Let aii = x + i y, then eqn. (2) gives
x + i y = – (x – i y)  2x = 0  x = 0
 aii = i y
 diagonal elements of anti-hermitian matrix are purely imaginary.
So, choice (d) is also ruled out.
Ans. is (c) [Dr. Anuradha Gupta, SGTB]
OR
0 1  0 0 
(i) Let A =   , then A2 = 0 0 
0 0   

This implies that option (a) is False.

 cos x sin x  cos x  sin x 
(ii) Let B =   , then BT = 
 sin x cos x   sin x cos x 

Clearly, BBT= I and eigenvalues of B are ei x and e  i x , which are

complex.
This implies that option (b) is False.
1  i 
(iii) If C =  , then C is a hermitian matrix, with diagonal entries real.
i 1 

This implies that option (c) is True.

(iv) For Anti-hermitian matrix, its diagonal entries are zero or purely imaginary.

6
  i 2
eg. D =   , this implies that option (d) is False.
 2 0
Ans. is (c) [Mr. Gagandeep Longiany, KMV]

 
14. The magnitude of  r  d r over the perimeter of an ellipse described by

r = xˆ a cos   yˆ b sin  , is

 ab
(a) (b)  ab (c) 2 ab (d) ab
2
 
Sol. On ellipse, r = xˆ a cos   yˆ b sin   d r =  a sin  xˆ  b cos yˆ  d 

xˆ yˆ zˆ
 
So, r × dr = a cos b sin  0 = a b d  zˆ
 a sin  d  b cos d  0
2
   
Thus,  r dr =  a b d  ẑ
0
= 2  a b zˆ and  r dr = 2 a b

Ans. is (c) [Dr. Ajay Kumar, SAC & Dr. Anuradha Gupta, SGTB]

15. In which quadrants of the complex plane, is the function f(z) = |x| - i |y| analytic ?
(a) Only in the fourth quadrant
(b) Only in the first and third quadrants
(c) Only in the second and fourth quadrants
(d) In all the quadrants
Sol. Given, f(z) = |x| - i |y|
(i) In fourth quadrant, f(z) = |x| - i |y| = x + i y is analytic
since, ux = 1, uy = 0, vx = 0, vy = 1  choice (a) can be correct
(ii) In first quadrant, f(z) = |x| - i |y| = x - i y is not analytic
since, ux = 1, uy = 0, vx = 0, vy = -1
In third quadrant, f(z) = |x| - i |y| = -x + i y is not analytic
since, ux = -1, uy = 0, vx = 0, vy = 1  choice (b) is wrong
(iii) In second quadrant, f(z) = |x| - i |y| = -x - i y is analytic
since, ux = -1, uy = 0, vx = 0, vy = -1
In fourth quadrant, f(z) = |x| - i |y| = x + i y is analytic [from (i)]
 choice (c) is correct.
Choice (d) is wrong as f(z) is not analytic in first and third quadrants.
Ans. is (c) [Dr. Anuradha Gupta, SGTB]

7
  

16. The Laplace transforms  L  f t    e  s t f t  dt  of cosh (k t ) and sinh (k t ) are given as
 0 

L cosh (k t ) L sinh (k t )

L cosh (k t ) = and L sinh (k t ) = 2

k s
(a)
s k
2 2
s  k2

L cosh (k t ) = and L sinh (k t ) = 2

s k
(b)
s k
2 2
s  k2

L cosh (k t ) = and L sinh (k t ) = 2

k s
(c)
s k
2 2
s  k2

L cosh (k t ) = and L sinh (k t ) = 2

s k
(d)
s k
2 2
s  k2

Sol. L cosh (k t ) = L 
 ek t  ek t  1  1
 


1 
  2
s
 k2

 
at 1 
 L e  s  a 
 2  2  s k s k  s  

 ek t  ek t  1  1 1 
L sinh (k t ) = L 
k
     2
 2 sk sk  s  k
2
 2

Ans. is (d) [Mr. Gagandeep Longiany, KMV]

17. A vector Ci and a tensor C j k are related as Ci =  i j k C j k / 2 where  i j k is the Levi-Civita

symbol. The tensor C j k is given by

0 C3 C2   0 C3 C2 
   
(a)  C3 0 C1  (b)   C3 0  C1 
C C1 0  C 0 
 2  2 C1

 0  C3 C2   0 C3  C2 
   
(c)  C3 0 C1  (d)   C3 0 C1 
C  C1 0   C  C1 0 
 2  2

1 1
Sol. Given Ci =  i j k Cjk   i j m Ci =  i jm  i j k Cjk
2 2

  i j m Ci =
1
 j j  m k   j k  m j  C j k = 1 3 m k   m k  C j k
2 2
  i j m Ci =  m k C j k = C j m replace m by k , we get  i j k Ci = C j k

 Cjk =  jki Ci . Clearly, C11 = C2 2 = C3 3 = 0

And, C1 2 =  1 2 i Ci =  1 2 3 C3 = C3 , C13 =  13 i Ci =  13 2 C2 =  C2 ,

C21 =  21i Ci =  213 C3 =  C3 , C2 3 =  2 3 i Ci =  2 31 C1 = C1 ,

C31 =  31i Ci =  31 2 C2 = C2 , C3 2 =  3 2 i Ci =  3 21 C1 =  C1

Ans. is (d) [Dr. Anuradha Gupta, SGTB]

8
 OR
1
Given Ci =  i j k Cjk .
2
Put i = 1, we get

C1 
1
2
1 j k C j k =
1
2

1 2 3 C2 3  13 2 C3 2  =
1
2

(1) C2 3  (1) C3 2 
 C2 3  C3 2  2C1 (1)

Similarly, if we put i = 2, we get C31  C13  2C2 (2)

And i = 3, will give C1 2  C21  2C3 (3)

Only choice (d) satisfies the equations (1), (2) and (3).
Ans. is (d) [Mr. Ashish Tyagi, SSNC]

18. Under a rotation by an angle θ about the x-axis, the vector that remains invariant is
(a) 2 x̂ - ŷ + ẑ (b) 3 ẑ

(c) 5 2 x̂ (d) 3 ŷ

Sol. Under rotation about x-axis, x-component of any vector will not change while its y and z
components will change. Only option with only x-component is (c).
Ans. is (c) [Dr. Ajay Kumar, SAC & Dr. Anuradha Gupta, SGTB]

19. A free electron and a free proton of the same energy have their de Broglie wavelengths in
the ratio

e mp e me e m p e m
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d)  e
p me p mp  p me p mp

e
 
h / pe pp 2 mp K p mp
Sol.     K p  Ke
p h / pp pe 2 me K e me

Ans. is (a) [Dr. Yogesh Kumar, DBC]

20. The wave function of the particle is given by a linear combination of two of its energy
1 2
states  1 and  2 (with energy eigenvalues E1 and E2 respectively) as  =  . If a
a b
measurement of energy is made, the probability of finding particle energy to be E1 is
2 2
b a b a
(a) (b) (c) (d)
a b
2 2
a b
2 2
ab ab

1 2 1 * 2 *
Sol. Given  =   * = 
a b a* b*

9
  1 * 1  1 * 2  2 * 1  2 * 2 1 1
Now, P =  *  = 2
   2
= 2
00 2
a a* b b* a b a b
2 2
a  b
i. e., P = 2 2
.
a b

 1 * 1  1 * 2 1 1
Also, let p1 =  1 *  =   0
a ab a a
2
1 p b
p  p1 
2
and 2
, then required probability is P1 = = 2 2
a P a  b

Ans. is (a) [Ms. Bhavna Vidhani, HRC]

21. A particle of mass m is in a one-dimensional potential given by V(x) =  for x < 0 and
V(x) = k x2/2 for x > 0. The first excited state has an energy
3 k 7 k 1 k 5 k
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
1 2
Sol. If particle of mass m moves in harmonic potential V ( x)  k x ; -∞ ≤ x ≤ ∞, then
2

 1  1 k
energy of the particle is E n   n      n    ; n = 0, 1, 2, …
 2  2 m

 n ( x )  C H n ( a x) e  a x
2 2
/2
and its eigenstates are , here C and a are constants.
If V (x) is ∞ for x ≤ 0, then boundary condition demands that  n (0)  0 .
This will be true only if n = 1, 3, 5, … since H n (a x)  0 if n = 1, 3, 5, …
Here, n = 1 corresponds to ground state, n = 3 to first excited state and so on.
 1 k 7 k
Put n = 3 in eqn. for E n , we get E 3 =  3     
 2 m 2 m

Ans. is (b) [Mr. Ashish Tyagi, SSNC]

22. The wave function for a particle is given by  = A e  x , where A is a constant. This
implies that the potential
(a) is differentiable everywhere
(b) is continuous everywhere but not differentiable at x = 0
(c) has discontinuity at x = 0
(d) has discontinuities at x = ±1 but differentiable everywhere
Sol. We know that if a particle of mass m and energy E moves non-relativistically in a
potential V ( x)   a  ( x) ; a > 0

Then the energy and the normalized wave function are

10
  m a2 C x ma
E = and  (x) = C e ;C
2 2 2

Clearly, V ( x)   a  ( x) has discontinuity at x = 0

Ans. is (b) [Mr. Ashish Tyagi, SSNC]

   
23. The electric field E and magnetic field B in frame 1 are parallel and related by E = c B .
 
If the electric and magnetic fields in another frame are E  and B respectively, the angle x
 
between E  and B is given by cos(x) equals
B B B B
(a) (b) (c) (d)
B B B B
     
Sol. We know that E  B is invariant  EB = E  B
 
 E B cos 0 = E  B cos x [since E and B in frame 1 are parallel]
 
 c B 2 = E  B cos x [since E = c B]

c B2
 cos x  (1)
E  B

Also, E 2  c 2 B 2 is invariant  E 2  c 2 B 2 = E 2  c 2 B 2

 0 = E 2  c 2 B 2 [since E  c B ]
 E  c B (2)

B2
Put (2) in (1) : cos x 
B 2
Ans. is (c)* [Dr. Deepak Chandra, SGTB]

24. A linearly polarised electromagnetic wave is incident on a quarter wave plate. The
emergent wave will in general be
E
(a) linearly polarised
θ
(b) elliptically polarised OA
(c) unpolarised
(d) mixture of linearly polarised and unpolarised wave.
Sol. Suppose a linearly polarised electromagnetic (em) wave is incident normally on a quarter
wave plate such that E-vector makes angle θ with the the optic-axis (OA).
Case I: If θ = 00, then emergent em wave is linearly polarised having vibrations
along OA.
Case II: If θ = 900, then emergent em wave is again linearly polarised having
vibrations perpendicular to OA.
Case III: If θ = 450, then emergent em wave is circularly polarised.

11
 For other angles, emergent em wave is elliptically polarised.
Ans. is (b)* [Mr. Ashish Tyagi, SSNC]

25. The magnitude of the Poynting vector gives the

(a) energy transported per unit area per unit time
(b) energy density of the electromagnetic wave.
(c) angular momentum density of the electromagnetic wave.
(d) angular momentum transported per unit area per unit time
Sol. Magnitude of the Poynting vector gives the power per unit area,
i. e., work done per unit time per unit area i.e., energy per unit time per unit area
Ans. is (a) [Mr. Ashish Tyagi, SSNC]

26. An unpolarised ray of light in a medium with refractive index n1 is incident on a plane
glass surface with refractive index n2 ( n2 > n1 ). The intensity of the reflected light is
minimum when the angle of incidence i is given by
(a) tan (i) = n1 / n2 (b) tan (i) = n2 / n1
(c) tan (i) = 1/ n1 n2 (d) tan (i) = n1 n2
Sol. If an unpolarised ray of light in a medium with refractive index n1 is incident on a plane
glass surface with refractive index n2 ( n2 > n1 ), then reflected light contain vibrations
parallel and perpendicular to the plane of incidence. But if unpolarised light is incident at
Brewster’s angle, then only perpendicular vibrations are present in the reflected light and
its intensity is minimum. Brewster’s angle is given by tan (i) = n2 / n1 .
Ans. is (b) [Mr. Ashish Tyagi, SSNC]

27. Assuming LS coupling, the lowest energy level for carbon (Z = 6) is

1 3 1 1
(a) S0 (b) P0 (c) D2 (d) S1

Sol. Ground state of 12C6 is : 1s2 2s2 2p2

L = 1, S = 1; l = -1 to +1
J = |L - S| to |L + S|
J = 0, 1, 2 Hence, the three states are : 3P0, 3P1, 3P2
Ans. is (b) [Dr. Punita Verma, KC]

28. Rutherford bombarded 7.7 MeV  particles on 14

N 7 to initiate the nuclear reaction
14
N ( , p) 17O . The height of Coulomb barrier faced by  particle is about

(Given r0 = 1.2 fm)

12
 (a) 10.6 MeV (b) 2.1 MeV (c) 4.2 MeV (d) 8.4 MeV
Sol. The height of Coulomb barrier is the potential energy when  particle just touches the
14
nucleus N7 . 14
N7 4
He2
Required height is,

Z1 e Z 2 e 
Z1 Z 2 e 2

  
7  (2) 1.6  10 19  9  10 9
2

V =

4   0 R1  R 2  
4   0 r0 A1  A2
1/ 3 1/ 3
 
1.2 10 15  141 / 3  41 / 3 
6.724129765 1013
 V = 6.724129765 1013 J  eV  4.203  106 eV
1.6  1019

Ans. is (c) [Ms. Bhavna Vidhani, HRC]

29. Based on Liquid drop model, the most stable nucleus for isobars of A = 75 has proton
number (Z) equal to (Given: ac = 0.7 MeV and as = 23.0 MeV)
(a) 28 (b) 33 (c) 35 (d) 37
A 75
Sol. For odd A, we have Z    33.03  33
(ac / 2as ) A  2
2/3

0.01522  75 2 / 3  2 
Ans. is (b) [Ms. Bhavna Vidhani, HRC]

30. The probability of electrons being captured by the nucleus is maximum for
(a) K shell electrons (b) L shell electrons (c) M shell electrons
(d) Electrons in outermost orbits, independent of which shell they come from
Sol. This problem is linked to Auger effect, in which electron in innermost shell is captured by
the nucleus and electron in the outermost shell goes to infinity.
Also, orbit (classical) of the electrons in innermost shell is elliptical due to which they
spend considerable time near the nucleus and hence their probability being captured by the
nucleus is maximum.
Ans. is (a) [Dr. Yogesh Kumar, ARSD]

31. An electronic device exhibiting a negative resistance characteristic is the

(a) Zener diode (b) UJT (c) JFET (d) BJT
Sol. Out of these four choices, negative resistance characteristic (current decreases when
voltage increases) is shown by UJT.
Ans. is (b) [Dr. Punit Tyagi, RJC]

32. Role of the resistance (RE) connected with the Emitter of an NPN transistor in the CE
amplifier circuit is
(a) to fix the Q point at the center of the load line

13
 (b) to increase the bandwidth of the amplifier
(c) to provide a path to the ac signal to ground
(d) to provide a negative feedback for dc bias stabilization
Sol. Role of resistance RE is to provide a negative feedback for dc bias stabilization.
Ans. is (d) [Dr. Punit Tyagi, RJC]

33. The n-channel JFET having pinch-off voltage of -5V shows a transconductance of 1 mA/V
when the applied gate to source voltage (VGS) is -3 V. The maximum value of
transconductance (in mA/V) for JFET will be
(a) 1.5 (b) 2.0 (c) 2.5 (d) 3.0
 V   3 5
Sol. We know that g m  g 0 1  GS   1  g 0 1    g 0   2.5
 VP   5 2

Ans. is (c) [Dr. Punit Tyagi, RJC]

34. The ideal OP-AMP with input resistance Ri , output resistance Ro and gain A , has
(a) Ri =  , A =  , Ro = 0 (b) Ri = 0, A =  , Ro = 0

(c) Ri =  , A =  , Ro =  (d) Ri = 0, A =  , Ro = 

Sol. Input impedance is infinite, output impedance is zero and gain is infinite in ideal OP-AMP.
Ans. is (a) [Dr. Punit Tyagi, RJC]

35. The information in STACK in 8085 microprocessor follows

(a) FIFO (b) LIFO (c) FILO (d) random access
Sol. The stack is a group of memory location in R/W memory that is used for temporary
storage of binary information during the execution of a program.
The stack is a LIFO structure i.e., LAST IN FIRST OUT; The storage and retrieval of
the content of register follows the LIFO sequence by using PUSH and POP
instructions.
Ans. is (b) [Mr. Gagandeep Longiany, KMV]

36. The T-states required for the opcode fetch in 8085 microprocessor and the execution time
required for opcode fetch if the clock frequency is 2 MHz are respectively
(a) 4T, 2μs (b) 8T, 4μs (c) 2T, 2μs (d) 8T, 2μs
Sol. In 8085 microprocessor, there are three machine cycles with their T-states listed below:

Machine Cycle T-states

OPCODE FETCH 4

14
 MEMORY READ 3
MEMORY WRITE 3

The clock frequency of 8085 is 2MHz; therefore the time required for each T-state is
1
t= = 0.5 µs. (Time required for each T-state = 1/f)
2 106

Thus, time required for 4 T-states in OPCODE FETCH CYCLE = (0.5 × 4) µs = 2 µs

Ans. is (a) [Mr. Gagandeep Longiany, KMV]

37. Assume the accumulator content in 8085 microprocessor is 00H and flag Z = 1. The
content of accumulator (A) and Z flag after the execution of instruction MVI A, 05H are
(a) A = 05H, Z = 1 (b) A = 05H, Z = 0
(c) A = 00H, Z = 1 (d) A = 00H, Z = 0
Sol. MVI A, 05H: This instruction moves the content 05H in the accumulator immediately.
05H in binary form is 0000 0101  0000 0000
The Zero flag is set (Z = 1) when the contents of the accumulator after an arithmetic or
logical operation is 00H i.e., all the bits are zero otherwise it is reset (Z = 0).
Therefore; A = 05H and Z = 0
Ans. is (b) [Mr. Gagandeep Longiany, KMV]

38. Which of the following is not an infinite loop?

(a) int i = 1; (b) for (;;);
while (1)
{
i++;
}
(c) int True = 0, False; (d) int y, x = 0;
while (True) do
{ {
False = 1; y = x;
} } while (x ==0);
Sol. In while loop, the condition is true only once and the value of i is incremented once and
exits the loop.
Ans. is (a) [Mr. Gagandeep Longiany, KMV]

39. For the equation x3 – 2x – 5 = 0 the solution of Newton Raphson Method is about

15
 (Given x0 = 2)
(a) 2.09983 (b) 2.07065 (c) 2.09455 (d) 2.14122
Sol. The formula to calculate the root by Newton Raphson Method is
xn+1 = xn – [f(xn)/f '(xn)]
where xn is the initial approximation of the root and xn+1 is the next approximation obtained
using Newton’s formula.
GIVEN: f(x) = x3 – 2x – 5 f '(x) = 3x2 – 2
Initial approximation x0 = 2, f(2) = –1 and f '(2) = 10
First iteration: x1 = x0 – [f(x0)/f '(x0)] = 2 – (f(2)/f '(2)) = 2 – (–1/10) = 2.1
(I APPROX.)
Second iteration: x2 = x1 – [f(x1)/f '(x1)] = 2.1 – [f(2.1)/f '(2.1)]
= 2.1 – (0.061/11.23) = 2.094568 (II APPROX.)
[since, f(2.1) = 0.061 & f '(2.1)= 11.23]
Similarly other iterations can be performed till the accuracy correct upto 5 decimal places.
Ans. is (c) [Mr. Gagandeep Longiany, KMV]

40. The real root of the equation cos x – 3x + 1 = 0 corrected to four decimal places by the
method of iteration is about
(a) 0.8071 (b) 0.6024 (c) 0.7214 (d) 0.6071
Sol. In fixed point iteration method, x = ϕ(x)
where |ϕ’(x)| < 1 for the method to converge. Rewriting the given equation in the form;
x = (cos x +1)/3. We have ϕ(x) = (cos x+ 1)/3
|ϕ'(x)| = | (sin x)/3| < 1, therefore the method will converge.
Desired Accuracy = 0.00001. Using xi+1 = ϕ(xi), let initial Approximation be x0 = 2
I ITERATION: x1 = ϕ(x0)  x1 = [cos(2)+1]/3 = 0.19462
II ITERATION: x2 = ϕ(x1)  x2 = [cos(0.19462)+1]/3 = 0.66037
and so on.
The values of all iterations are listed below:
x0 x1
2 0.19462
0.19462 0.66037
0.66037 0.59659
0.59659 0.60909
0.60909 0.60672
0.60672 0.60717

16
 0.60717 0.60709
0.60709 0.60710
0.60710 0.60710

Ans. is (d) [Mr. Gagandeep Longiany, KMV]

41. It is known that the root of the function f (x) lies between 0 and 1. After 10 iterations of
the bisection method, the approximation accuracy of the root will be
(a) correct up to 2 places of decimal (b) correct up to 3 places of decimal
(c) correct up to 4 places of decimal (d) correct up to 5 places of decimal
Sol. Given: The interval in which the root lies (a, b); a = 0 and b = 1
Number of iterations: 10
The number of iterations (n) required to achieve an accuracy ε in bisection method:
1 ba
n  log e
log e 2 
where ( a , b ) is the interval in which the root lies.
1 1 0
Putting n = 10, b = 1 and a = 0, we get 10  loge
loge 2 

 ε = 0.001 = 10-3
Therefore; the approximation accuracy of the root will be correct up to 3 places of decimal.
Ans. is (b) [Mr. Gagandeep Longiany, KMV]

42. The order of truncation error in second order Runge-Kutta method for finding the solution
of ordinary differential equation is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Sol. Required order is 3. This is standard result.
Ans. is (c) [Mr. Gagandeep Longiany, KMV]

43. During inelastic collision of two bodies, which of the following is conserved?
(a) total linear momentum only
(b) total kinetic energy only
(c) both linear momentum and kinetic energy
(d) neither linear momentum nor kinetic energy
Sol : During inelastic collision between particles we can have:
Inelastic collisions : Only linear momentum is conserved and final kinetic
energy is less than initial kinetic energy.

17
 Completely inelastic collisions : Only linear momentum is conserved and Maximum
loss of kinetic energy occurs.
So Only linear momentum is conserved.
Ans. is (a) [Dr. Deepak Chandra, SGTB]

44. An earth satellite is kept moving in its orbit by the centripetal force provided by:
(a) the gravitational attraction of the earth on the satellite
(b) the rocket engine attached to the satellite
(c) the gravitational attraction of the sun on the satellite
(d) the radio waves sent by the ground station to the satellite
Sol: An earth satellite gets its centripetal force only from the gravitational pull of the earth. The
rocket fuel, sun or radio waves are not involved in providing centripetal force.
Ans. is (a) [Dr. Deepak Chandra, SGTB]

45. A sphere rolls on a horizontal plane without slipping. The percentage of kinetic energy
which is rotational is about
(a) 58% (b) 50% (c) 18% (d) 28%
1 2
Sol: Translational Kinetic energy of sphere is, K tr = m vcm
2
1 1 2  1
I cm  2 =  m r 2   2 = m vcm ( vcm = r  )
2
Rotational Kinetic energy is, K r =
2 2 5  5

7 2
Total Kinetic energy is, KT = K tr + K r = m vcm
10
Kr 1/ 5
Required percentage is, P = × 100 = × 100  28 %
KT 7 / 10

Ans. is (d) [Dr. Sunil Kumar, RJC]

46. A muon, whose life-time at rest is 2 × 10-6 sec, is travelling through the laboratory at three-
fifth of the speed of light. It will last in
(a) 2 × 10-6 sec (b) 2.5 × 10-6 sec
(c) 3.5 × 10-6 sec (d) 3.0 × 10-6 sec
t0 2  106
Sol. We have, t   2.5  10 6 sec
1  (v / c ) 2
1  (3 / 5) 2

Ans. is (b) [Ms. Poonam Jain, SAC]

47. In an AC circuit, the voltage V and I are given by

V = 100 sin (100 t) volts

18
  
I = 100 sin 100t   mA
 3

The power dissipated in the circuit is:

(a) 104 W (b) 10 W (c) 2.5 kW (d) 2.5 W
Sol. Given, V = V0 sin  t  volts and I = I 0 sin  t    mA

V0 I 0  100   100  103  

Power, P = Vr m s I r m s cos  = cos  =     cos = 2.5 W

2 2  2 2  3

Ans. is (d) [Ms. Bhavna Vidhani, HRC]

48. When a test charge is brought in from infinity along the perpendicular bisector of an
electric dipole, the work done is
(a) positive (b) negative (c) zero (d) infinity
Sol. Electric potential (V) on the perpendicular bisector of an electric dipole is zero.
Thus, the required work done is W = q V = 0 (since, q = +1 C and V = 0)
Ans. is (c) [Ms. Bhavna Vidhani, HRC]

49. The ratio of magneto-motive force round the circuit to the magnetic flux is referred as
(a) reactance (b) conductance (c) resistivity (d) reluctance
Sol. By definition, the ratio of magneto-motive force round the circuit to the magnetic flux is
referred to as reluctance.
Ans. is (d) [Ms. Bhavna Vidhani, HRC]

50. A conducting circular loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field B = 0.04 T with its plane
perpendicular to the field. Somehow the radius of the loop starts shrinking at a constant rate
0.5 mm/sec. The induced emf in the loop at an instant, when the radius is 2 cm, will be:
(a) 5.0 μV (b) 2.5 μV (c) 10.0 μV (d) 25.0 μV
 B
 B d S    t B S    B  t  r 
     
Sol. Induced emf,      BdS  2
t t S
t S

r
    B 2 r   0.04 2    0.02 0.5 103   2.51 V
t

Ans. is (b) [Ms. Bhavna Vidhani, HRC]

51. Consider a Boolean expression

F = ( B  BC) ( B  B C ) ( B  D)

The minimum number of NAND gates required to implement this ‘F’ will be
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

19
Sol. Now, F = ( B  BC) ( B  B C ) ( B  D) = [ B  ( BC B C )] ( B  D)  [ B  0] ( B  D)
 F = B  BD
B D BD F = B + BD
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1

Column of F does not match with that of NAND Gate.

Thus, minimum number of NAND gates required to implement this ‘F’ is zero.
Ans. is (a) [Ms. Poonam Jain, SAC]

52. The number of comparators in a 4-bit flash A to D converter is

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 15 (d) 16
n
Sol. The number of comparators in a n-bit flash A to D converter is 2 – 1
Here, n = 4, thus required number is 24 – 1 = 15.
Ans. is (c) [Ms. Poonam Jain, SAC]

53. The functional difference between SR flip-flop and JK flip-flop is that

(a) JK flip-flop has a feedback path
(b) JK flip-flop can accept both inputs as 1
(c) JK flip-flop does not require an external clock pulse
(d) JK flip-flop is faster than SR flip-flop
Sol. JK flip-flop can accept both inputs as 1, but in SR flip-flop, both inputs as 1 are forbidden.
Other choices like (a) and (c) are true for SR flip-flop also.
And choice (d) is irrelevant as speed of both the flip-flops is nearly same.
Ans. is (b) [Ms. Poonam Jain, SAC]

54. The binary number corresponding to a decimal number 9.625 can be expressed as
(a) 1100.101 (b) 1001.110 (c) 1001.101 (d) 1100.011
Sol. Now, (9)10 = (1001)2 and
0.625 × 2 = 1.25  1 ↑
0.250 × 2 = 0.50  0 ↑
0.500 × 2 = 1.0  1 ↑
Thus, (9.625)10 = (1001.101)2
Ans. is (c) [Ms. Poonam Jain, SAC]

20
55. The velocity of a travelling wave on a string under fixed tension
(a) does not change when frequency varies
(b) does not change when wavelength varies
(c) decrease with increase of frequency
(d) decrease with decrease in wavelength
Sol. Velocity of a travelling wave on a string under fixed tension ( T ) is given by
V  T /  ;  is mass per unit length of the string, which remains constant.

Thus as long as T and  are constant, V will be constant.

Ans. is (a) or (b) [Ms. Bhavna Vidhani, HRC]

56. Two springs of force constant K1 and K 2 are arranged in a parallel arrangement and a
mass ‘m’ is suspended from it. The arrangement is equivalent to a single spring of constant
K given by
K1 K 2 K1
(a) K1  K 2 (b) K1  K 2 (c) (d)
K1  K 2 K2

Sol. If two springs K1 , K 2  are in parallel arrangement, then K =

K1 K 2
K1  K 2

If two springs K1 , K 2  are in series arrangement, then K = K1  K 2

Ans. is (c) [Ms. Bhavna Vidhani, HRC]

57. Two vibrating strings of lengths L and 3L and radii 3R and R, respectively, are stretched
under the same tension. Both the strings vibrate in their fundamental modes, the one of
length L with frequency  1 and the other with frequency  2 . If the two strings are made of
same material then the ratio  1 / 2 is given by
(a) 1 (b) 31/2 (c) 3 (d) 9
Sol. We know that,
1 T
=
2l 

1 T 1 T 1 T
 1 = = =
2l1 1 2 L 9 R 2  23 L  R 2 

  1  M1   3 R  L   9  R 2  
 2 
 L1 L 
 

1 T 1 T
and, 2 = = = 1
2l 2 2 2 3 L   R 2 

21
   2  M 2   R 3 L     R 2  
 2 
 L2 3L 
 
Ans. is (a) [Dr. Sunil Kumar, RJC]

58. In a standing wave, the phase difference between any two points confined between adjacent
node and antinode
 
(a) is always zero (b) is between and
4 2

(c) is between and  (d) changes periodically
2
Sol. Any two points confined between adjacent nodes are in the same phase as each of them
passes through the mean position simultaneously. Obviously, any two points between
adjacent node and antinode are also in same phase. Thus, phase difference between
these two points is zero.
Ans. is (a) [Ms. Bhavna Vidhani, HRC]

59. If ‘Z’ is the atomic number and ‘A’ is the atomic weight of the element then according to
Moseley’s law, the frequency of the characteristic X-ray is proportional to
(a) Z2 (b) A2 (c) Z3/2 (d) A1/2Z1/3
Sol. Moseley’s relation is   C1 Z  C2  , here C1 and C 2 are constants

Clearly,   Z    Z 2
Ans. is (a) [Dr. Punita Verma, KC]

60. In M.K.S. units, Bohr magneton is given by

em eh eh mh
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4h 2π m 4π m 2eπ

e eh
Sol. Bohr magneton is given by  B  =
2m 4π m

Ans. is (c) [Dr. Punita Verma, KC]

61. The typical wavelengths emitted by diatomic molecules in pure vibrational and pure
rotational transitions are respectively in the region of
(a) infrared and visible (b) visible and infrared
(c) infrared and microwave (d) microwave and infrared
Sol. In case of Diatomic molecules,
Pure vibrational transitions are near infrared and
Pure rotational transitions lie in microwave or far infrared region

22
 Ans. is (c) [Dr. Punita Verma, KC]

62. The value of Einstein’s coefficient A21 for a two level atomic system is 4 × 102 sec-1. The
spontaneous life time is
(a) 5 × 102 sec (b) 2.5 × 10-3 sec
(c) 5 × 10-3 sec (d) 2.5 × 103 sec
1 1
Sol. The spontaneous life time is     2.5  10 3 sec
A21 400

Ans. is (b) [Dr. Punita Verma, KC]

63. Two lenses of power +5D and -2D are in contact and are coaxially situated. The power of
the combination is
(a) -3D (b) +3D (c) -7D (d) +7D
Sol. The power of the combination is P = P1 + P2 = 5 ‒ 2 = 3 D
Ans. is (b) [Ms. Neha Yadav, KMV]

64. When a liquid is introduced between the lens and the plate in the Newton Ring apparatus,
the diameter of the 15th ring changes from 2 cm 10 1.8 cm. The refractive index of the
liquid is
(a) 1.05 (b) 1.11 (c) 1.23 (d) 1.33
2
D1 22
Sol. The refractive index of the liquid is n  2
  1.23
D2 1.82

Ans. is (c) [Ms. Neha Yadav, KMV]

65. When the movable mirror of the Michelson interferometer is moved through a distance of
0.03 mm under the illumination of a wavelength 6000 Å, the number of displaced fringes is
(a) 0 (b) 10 (c) 100 (d) 600
N 2x 2  0.03  103
Sol. We know that x   N   100
2  6000  1010

Ans. is (c) [Dr. Kopal Agarwal, HRC]

66. A beam of light of wavelength 600 nm from a distant source falls on a single slit 1.00 mm
wide and the resulting diffraction pattern is observed on a screen 2 m away. The distance
between the first dark fringe on either side of the central maximum is
(a) 0.6 mm (b) 1.2 mm (c) 1.8 mm (d) 2.4 mm
Sol. We have
d sin   

23
  d tan  
Slit Screen
y
 d  I Minima
x
y
x
 y S θ
θ
x=2m
d
y
9
600  10  2
 y = 1.2 mm I Minima
1  10 3

 2 y = 2.4 mm

Ans. is (d) [Dr. Kopal Agarwal, HRC]

67. The spectroscopic Lande g-factor for a state 2 P1 / 2 is

(a) 1 (b) 2/3 (c) 3/2 (d) 2
J ( J  1)  S ( S  1)  L ( L  1)
Sol. Lande g-factor is g  1 
2 J ( J  1)

Here, 2 S  1  2  S  1/ 2 , L  1 and J  1 / 2 .
13 13
  1 (2)
2
Thus g  1  2 2 2 2 
13 3
2
22
Ans. is (b) [Dr. Punita Verma, KC]

68. The Debye temperature of a metal is 450 K. Its Debye frequency in Hz is of the order of
(a) 1011 (b) 1013 (c) 1016 (d) 1020
k D 1.38  1023  450
Sol : We know that h  D  k  D  D  =  34
= 9.4  1012
h 6.623  10
i. e.,  D  1013
Ans. is (b) [Dr. Hema Chutani, HRC]

69. In the Davisson-Germer experiment, the hump is most prominent when the electron is
accelerated by
(a) 24 V (b) 34 V (c) 54 V (d) 64 V
Sol. In the Davisson-Germer experiment, the hump is most prominent when :
(i) the electron is accelerated by 54 V and
(ii) angle between incident and scattered beam is 500.
Ans. is (c) [Dr. Yogesh Kumar, DBC]

70. The susceptibility of a diamagnetic material is about

(a) -10-5 (b) 10-7 (c) 102 (d) 103

24
Sol. The susceptibility of a diamagnetic material is about ‒10‒6
Ans. is (a)* [Ms. Poonam Jain, SAC]

71. If  and E are the electrical conductivity and the applied field respectively, the heat
developed across a conductor per unit volume per second is
 E2
(a)  E2 (b)  2E (c) (d)
E 
Sol. The heat developed per unit volume per second is given by
   
h = J  E =  E  E =  E2
Ans. is (a) [Mr. Ashish Tyagi, SSNC]

72. Transition temperature TC and critical field H C for a superconductor are related as

 T  T 
(a) H C = H 0 1   (b) H C = H 0   1
 TC   TC 

 T 
2
  T 
2

(c) H C = H 0 1   

 (d) H C = H 0    1
  TC    TC  
 

 T 
2

Sol. The standard formula is H C (T ) = H C (0) 1    
  TC  

Ans. is (c) [Ms. Bhavna Vidhani, HRC]

73. The vapour pressure (p), in mm of Hg, of solid ammonia is given by the relation:
ln p = 23.01 – (3754/T), where T is the absolute temperature. The vapour pressure, in
mm of Hg, of liquid ammonia is given by the relation: ln p = 19.49 – (3063/T).
The temperature of the triplet point is about
(a) 191.3 K (b) 196.3 K (c) 206.3 K (d) 296.3
Sol. Given relations are: ln p = 23.01 – (3754/T) and ln p = 19.49 – (3063/T)
These give 23.01 – (3754/T) = 19.49 – (3063/T)
 3.52 = 691/T  T = 196.31 K, the required triple point
Ans. is (b) [Mr. Ashish Tyagi, SSNC]

74. The 10 g of ice at 00C is converted into water at the same temperature. Take latent heat of
fusion as 80 cal / g. The change in entropy in cal / K is about
(a) Zero (b) 0.34 (c) 2.93 (d) 3.92

25
 dQ mL 10  80
Sol. We have,  S = = = = 2.93 cal/K
T T 273
Ans. is (c) [Ms. Poonam Jain, SAC]

75. A quantity of dry air at 270C is compressed suddenly to one-third of its volume. Take γ to
be 1.5 for dry air. Change in temperature of the gas is about
(a) 179 K (b) 199 K (c) 209 K (d) 219 K
Sol. In adiabatic process, T V  1 = constant
 1 1.5  1
 1  1 V   V 
 T1 V1 = T2 V2  T2  T1  1   300  0  = 519.62 K
 V2   V0 / 3 
  T = T2 – T1 = 519.62 - 300 = 219.62 K
Ans. is (d) [Ms. Poonam Jain, SAC]

26