1

MEDICAL ETHICS Descriptive ethics is a study of:

Questions and answers for the final computer test – GM and DM
students, Faculty of Medicine UPJŠ in Košice a) descriptions in government regulations
b) ethical dilemmas in biology
NOTE: Only one answer is correct! Please choose A, B, C or D (a, b, c, d) c) ethical dilemmas in psychiatry
on the keyboard, then click ENTER. Use the BACKSPACE key for changing d) real behaviour of people
the letter of your answer. The time assigned for one question is 90 second
(1,5 min). The total database of questions is 200. The computer is randomly
choosing questions from the database. The result of the test is automatically
displayed after the last question. Normative ethics is a collection of:

Ethics is a: a) principles of human brain functioning

b) rules and principles about evaluation of human behaviour
a) psychological science c) rules of psychiatric patient behaviour
b) philosophical science on morality d) rules and principles of etiquette
c) science about behaviour and reflexes of an individual
d) synonym of "etiquette"
Bioethics is:

Ethics is a philosophy of: a) study of processes in the wild

b) philosophical science on ethics in biology
a) politics c) philosophical science on principle of doing good for humans
b) plurality and the whole nature
c) morality d) the same as environmental ethics
d) government institutions

Study of morality means:
a) analysis of interaction between two persons
b) careful and systematic reflection on and analysis
of moral decisions
c) study of law and government regulations
d) investigation of literature in medicine
Ethics can be:
a) descriptive, normative, medical, professional
b) proscriptive, prescriptive, inscriptive,
c) professional, medical, psychological
d) normative, taxative, prospective
Medical ethics is a:
a) professional ethics for physicians only
b) medical science on psychology of hospital staff
c) professional ethics arises from aims, modes and results
of health care
d) descriptive ethics used in psychiatry
Hippocrates was:
a) a Greek philosopher who is regarded as a founder of dialectics
b) a God of death and post-mortem decomposition
c) a Greek physician who is regarded as a founder of medical ethics
d) a physician from Ancient Roma who is regarded as a founder
of medical law
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Hippocrates lived: Which is the main principle of Hippocratic Oath?

a) B.C.E. (before the Christian Era) in Ancient Roma a) informed consent of the patient
b) in the 5th century of C.E. (Christian Era) in Ancient Roma b) holy respect regarding to life
c) B.C.E. (before the Christian Era) in Ancient Greece c) respect to Gods
d) in the 5th century of C.E. (Christian Era) in Ancient Greece d) paternalism

The Hippocrates`s concept of medicine declares: Principle of Hippocratic Oath - find one CORRECT:

a) the Oath of the doctor to Gods (Hypnos and Thanatos) a) benefit of the sick person
b) interests of health care are dependant upon government policy b) informed consent of the patient
c) interests of patients are above the interests of physicians c) principle of Global ethics
d) a public promise to pray to Gods regularly d) self-determination of the patient and physician

Hippocrates was: Landmarks of the era of Bioethics include:

a) the founder of Hippocratic University of Medicine a) bioethical issues of gene theory, genetics
b) the founder of Hippocratic School of Medicine b) industrial revolution in Europe
c) the founder of medical statistics algorithms c) development of new methods of microscopy
d) the famous Greek pathologist d) bioethical dilemmas of pathology

The Hippocratic medicine was practiced by: Landmarks of the era of Bioethics include:

a) a group of professional physicians bound by a strict a) development of new methods of computer tomography
ethical code b) socialist revolution in France
b) a group of pathologists in the same location c) bioethical issues of Darwinism
c) a group of students without a teacher d) bioethical dilemmas of physiology
d) all citizens of Kos, Ancient Greece

Landmarks of the era of Bioethics include:

After taking the Hippocratic Oath the graduate student has a right
a) bioethical issues of forensic medicine
a) to become a professor assistant b) industrial revolution in England
b) to treat patients c) bioethical issues of organ transplantation and end-of-life care
c) to prepare drugs independently d) bioethical dilemmas of surgery
d) to perform an autopsy
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Landmarks of the era of Bioethics include: Who was the founder of global ethics principle?

a) development of instrumental methods of investigation a) Hippocrates (Ancient Greece)

b) industrial revolution in Europe b) prof. Dr. Hans Kung (Germany)
c) development of new methods of microscopy c) mons. Mario Giordana (Italy)
d) bioethical issues of beginning of life and assisted reproduction d) Mr. Barack Obama (USA)

Global ethics is: Which is the main idea of global ethics?

a) the same as environmental ethics a) people of all religions know far too little about one another
b) a new vision of a global transformation of ethical awareness b) people need a global religion
c) a new method of global warming investigation c) people need the global economy development
d) a science of global economy advantages d) no peace without introducing of global language

What is CORRECT for global ethics principle? Which is the Golden Rule in world religions?

a) no peace among the nations without rising economy a) "Recite an obligatory prayer each day"
b) no survival of our Globe without global religion b) "Fasting is an act of willing abstinence from all food"
c) no peace among the nations without peace among the religions c) "Do not do to others what you do not want them to do to you"
d) the differences between nations are ethically inacceptable d) "We get to do all of the things, that makes God happy"

What is CORRECT for global ethics principle? Interference to stimulate human reproduction is:

a) no dialogue between the religions without global ethical standards a) artificial insemination (fecundation)
b) no peace among the nations without political concurrence b) sterilization
c) no mankind survival without a global religion c) artificial termination of pregnancy
d) the differences between religions are acceptable in some countries d) anticonception

What is INCORRECT for global ethics principle? Interference to stimulate human reproduction is:

a) no peace among the nations without peace among the religions a) artificial termination of pregnancy
b) no peace among the religions without dialogue between the religions b) sterilization
c) no dialogue between the religions without global ethical standards c) anticonception
d) no survival of our Globe without global economy d) in vitro fertilization (IVF)
 4
Interference to limit human reproduction is:
a) embryo transfer (ET)
b) anticonception
c) artificial insemination (fecundation)
d) in vitro fertilization (IVF)
Interference to limit human reproduction is:
a) embryo transfer (ET)
b) prenatal genetic diagnostics and other investigations
c) artificial termination of pregnancy
d) artificial insemination (fecundation)
What is INCORRECT relating to the issue "Human as source
of social values"?
a) biological compensation (blood, cells, tissues, organs)
b) diagnostic and protection substances
c) the ethical status of the dead body
d) biologic material to human reproduction
Medical ethics has:
a) 3+1 basic principles
b) 4+1 basic principles
c) 6 basic principles
d) 8 basic principles
What is beneficiencia (beneficialness)?
a) a requirement to do maximal good for the welfare of an ill
or healthy person
b) respectability of the patient
c) no discrimination of patients by gender, race, religion
d) a requirement for exclusion of any damage of health
What is non-maleficiencia (harmlessness)?
a) a requirement to do maximal good for the welfare of an ill
or healthy person
b) respectability of the patient
c) no discrimination of patients by gender, race, religion
d) a requirement for exclusion of any damage of health
What is autonomia (autonomy)?
a) a requirement to do maximal good for the welfare of an ill
or healthy person
b) respectability of the patient
c) no discrimination of patients by gender, race, religion
d) a requirement for exclusion of any damage of health
What is justicia (justice)?
a) a requirement to do maximal good for the welfare of an ill
or healthy person
b) respectability of the patient
c) no discrimination of patients by gender, race, religion
d) a requirement for exclusion of any damage of health
Find the INCORRECT sentence:
a) medical ethics has 4+1 basic principles
b) basic ethical principles are: beneficialness, harmlessness, autonomy,
justice, informed consent
c) the informed consent is not a part of ethics
d) harmlessness is a requirement for exclusion of any damage of health
What is informed consent?
a) requirement for exclusion of any, intentional or non-intentional,
damage of health
b) the positive discrimination of patients by gender, race, religion
c) the permission of the mentally competent patient to medical
care on the basis of instructions and explanations of the doctor
d) the requirement to do maximal good for the welfare of an ill
or healthy person
 5
The consent of mentally incompetent persons (children,
psychiatric and elderly patients) is given:
a) by legal representatives/guardians
b) by the doctor-examiner
c) by court
d) by medical ethical committee
What is INCORRECT about informed consent?
a) the consent of mentally incompetent persons is given by their legal
representatives
b) by a patient in a life threatening state - his/her consent is
expected
c) one of the main tasks by informed consent is to gain the patient`s
active cooperation
d) the physicians do not need consent of mentally incompetent persons
One of the main tasks of the physician by informed consent is:
a) to discharge the patient out of hospital
b) to indicate a cosmetic surgery operation
c) to gain the patient`s active cooperation
d) to achieve the agreement for transplantation
Which is NOT an ethical requirement to the medical profession?
a) physical and mental health
b) sociableness, empathy, self-confidence, sympathy, communicativity
c) paternalism
d) responsibility
What is CORRECT of Hippocrates by the Hippocratic Oath?
a) he has sworn to the benefit of the sick
b) he has sworn to the Gods
c) he was not against euthanasia
d) he discriminated between free persons and slaves
Name 5 children of Asclepius and Epiona:
a) Hygieia, Apollo, Panacea, Machaon, Hippocrates
b) Hygieia, Panacea, Machaon, Podaleirios, Telesforos
c) Hygieia, Dimitrios, Machaon, Podaleirios, Telesforos
d) Hygieia, Apollo, Dimitrios, Panacea, Hippocrates
Dilemmatic situation which is NOT IN RELATION to basic ethical principles
(e.g. beneficialness vs autonomy):
a) the patient wants to undergo surgical operation
b) the patient refused a life saving treatment and subsequently fell
into a coma
c) the patient refuses an autopsy after death
d) the patient asks the doctor for euthanasia
WMA Declaration on the rights of the patient (2005) reports:
a) euthanasia is a legal part of medical care
b) the physician should always act according to his/her conscience
and always in the best interests of the patient
c) this is the sum of duty: do nothing to others which would cause you
pain if done to you
d) no dialogue between the religions without global ethical standards
What is the principle of legal similar action?
a) the action is the same as the reaction in doctor-patient dialogue
b) a conflict between old "capitalist" and revolutionary "socialist"
bioethics
c) in making decisions, it is helpful to know what other physicians
would do in similar situations
d) no one is a believer until he desires for his brother that which
he desires for himself
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Why medical ethics differs from one country to another? The World Medical Association`s (WMA`s) first task was:

a) due to language differences a) to ensure the independence of patients

b) due to different level of advanced medical technologies b) to ensure the independence of physicians
c) due to the same legal normatives in the health policy c) to update the Hippocratic Oath for modern use
d) due to activities of political representatives towards to the medical science d) to achieve the highest standards of ethical behaviour
in medical care

Which are the two fields of neuroethics?

a) ethics of neuroscience and neuroscience of ethics
b) biomedicine and thanatology
c) ethics in neurology and ethics in psychiatry
d) ethics in neurosurgery and ethics in neuroanatomy
The World Medical Association`s (WMA`s) second task was:
a) to adopt the Declaration of Helsinki (1997-2000)
b) to develop the International Code of Medical Ethics
c) to ensure more salaries for the physicians
d) to achieve the highest standards of ethical behaviour
in medical care

Neuroethics has the following key issue:

a) brain death The World Medical Association`s (WMA`s) third task was:
b) neuroscience and free will
c) physiology of reflexes a) to adopt the Declaration of Helsinki (1997-2000)
d) vegetative state (coma vigile) b) to ensure the independence of physicians
c) to update the Hippocratic Oath for modern use
d) to achieve the highest standards of ethical behaviour
in medical care
Neuroethics DOES NOT have the following key issue:

a) brain interventions
b) brain imaging Ethical requirements to the medical profession - find ONE INCORRECT:
c) pharmacological enhancement
d) etiology of psychical disorders a) corporeal fund
b) mental hygiene
c) paternalism
d) responsibility
What is nanoethics?

a) the ethical implications of electronic microsopical investigations

b) the same as microethics Ethical requirements to the medical profession - find ONE INCORRECT:
c) the ethical and social implications of nanotechnologies
d) the medical science on nanotechnologies in vital tissues a) corporeal fund
b) mental hygiene
c) unfairness
d) responsibility
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Ethical requirements to the medical profession - find ONE CORRECT: Human rights in health care - find the INCORRECT declaration:

a) intolerance a) everyone has the right to respect his or her privacy

b) solidarity (with patients and relatives) b) everyone has the right to respect of his or her person as
c) paternalism a human being
d) antipathy c) everyone has the right to receive the same basal health care
d) the informed consent of the patient is a prerequisite for any
medical intervention

What is self-confidence in relation to a medical worker?

a) sufficient salary Rights of patients - consent - find the CORRECT declaration:

b) the competence to the medical rank
c) sympathetic, pleasant behaviour a) the dialogue between the religions is based on global ethical
d) the same as self-sacrificing standards
b) ethical decision is an inseparable part of medical practice
c) the informed consent of the patient is a prerequisite for any
medical intervention
What is conscience of physician? d) in making decisions, it is helpful to know what other physicians
would do in similar situations
a) the competence to the medical rank and scientific research
b) sympathetic, pleasant behaviour without discrimination
c) the inborn basis-coded demand of the protection of life and health
developed lifelong Rights of patients - confidentiality and privacy - what is CORRECT?
d) the proper communication with patients, relatives and colleagues

a) patients can be strictly confidential towards medical workers

b) the confidentiality of a patient is given by the Nuremberg Code
Some rank virtues of physicians: c) all information about a patient`s health status must be kept
confidential, even after death
a) spotlessness, rank honour, honesty, diligence, willingness d) patients have to get medical care in private hospitals
b) apathy, carelessness, corruption, cruelty, ingratitude
c) forbearance, broadmindedness, kindness, patience, rudeness
d) selfishness, self gratification, irresponsibility, laziness
The Charter of rights of hospitalized children (UNICEF)
was developed in:
Human rights in health care - find the CORRECT declaration:
a) 1947
a) children`s rights are inferior to the rights of adults b) 1955
b) everyone has the right to respect of his or her person as c) 1988
a human being d) 2003
c) everyone has the right to receive the same basal health care
d) everyone has the duty to pay for health care procedures
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Find the CORRECT sentence in the charter of rights
of hospitalized children (UNICEF):
a) children should be admitted to a hospital only, if the required
care cannot be granted at home
b) children in hospital cannot have their parents constantly
with them
c) children should be nursed together with adults
d) the hospital staff should not ensure the continuity of health care
Find the INCORRECT sentence in the charter of rights
of hospitalized children (UNICEF):
a) children should be admitted to a hospital only, if the required
care cannot be granted at home
b) children and parents have the right to be informed
c) children should be nursed together with adults
d) the hospital staff should ensure the continuity of health care
The most important International conventions and declarations:
the Code of Nuremberg
a) legalization of experiments on humans without their consent
b) was developed in 1947
c) was developed in 1957
d) was developed immediately after the First World War
The most important International conventions and declarations:
the Code of Nuremberg - find the INCORRECT answer:
a) prohibition of experiments on humans without their consent
b) was developed in 1947
c) was signed by J. F. Kennedy (USA)
d) was influenced by Nazi Germany experiments on humans
The most important International conventions and declarations:
the Declaration of Helsinki (WMA):
a) contains recommendations on Biomedical Research Involving
Human Subjects
b) was developed in 1957
c) was signed by J. Stalin (USSR)
d) was influenced by Japan experiments on humans in China
The most important International conventions and declarations:
the Declaration of Helsinki (find the INCORRECT answer):
a) contains recommendations on Biomedical Research Involving
Human Subjects
b) was developed in 1964-1989
c) assembled by the World Medical Association
d) intended to prevent the abuse of psychiatry for political purposes
The Declaration of Geneva (World Medical Association):
a) is a revision of three main principles of Medical Ethics
b) is a modern equivalent of Hippocratic Oath
c) intended to prevent the abuse of psychiatry for political purposes
d) was adopted in 1988
What is the Declaration of Oslo (WMA, 1970) about?
a) preventing the abuse of psychiatry for political purposes
b) therapeutic termination of pregnancy
c) ethics in resuscitation and intensive medicine
d) ethical principles for research on animals
The Declaration on the Promotion of Patient's Rights in Europe
(WHO, Amsterdam) was developed in:
a) 1947
b) 1967
c) 1994
d) 2008
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There are two types of artificial insemination:

Which is the major achievement of genetic research?
a) artificial insemination by husband, artificial insemination
a) neuroethics by donor
b) nanoethics b) instant insemination, prolonged insemination
c) biotechnology c) therapeutic insemination, non-therapeutic insemination
d) thanatology d) insemination of a woman-acceptor, insemination of a surrogate
woman

Which is the possible danger of genetic research to life

of the population? Reproduction - some religions (e.g. Roman Catholic Church)

a) psychiatric diseases increasing a) totally outlaw artificial insemination by husband (AIH)

b) new types of biological weapons b) totally outlaw artificial insemination by donor (AID)
c) environmental chemical pollution c) accept artificial insemination by donor (AID)
d) no danger d) have no legal or ethical problems with artificial abortions

Application of genetically engineered plants and microorganisms for The donor for artificial insemination:
protecting fruits is:
a) must not be the relative person (kin) to the woman-acceptor
a) inevitable b) should be under 18 years old
b) ethically acceptable c) should be European only
c) ethically discussible d) should not have his own children
d) must be controlled by the Commission of Genetic Therapy

What is in vitro fertilization?

Find one INCORRECT sentence in ethics-genetics interaction:
a) findings by Mendel, Landsteiner, Morgan evoked no social reaction
b) progress in identification, inheritance, paternity tests evokes
more social reaction
c) Gene therapy and cloning evoked intense social reaction
d) The Human Free Will Gene exists and is socially essential
a) the same as artificial insemination by donor using ethical
principle of autonomy
b) the method which allows in vitro fertilization of ova to be removed
laparoscopically and subsequent return them to uterus
c) the method of AIDS treatment
d) the test for absence of chronic diseases and familial abnormalities

Artificial insemination is: In vitro embryo has a complicated ethical status depending on its

a) the method of in vitro fertilization a) mortality

b) the production of pregnancy in a woman by introducing seminal b) age of gestation
fluid directly into the cervix of uterus by means of cannula c) viability.
c) undertaken together with patient care d) gender
d) the application of genetically engineered plants and microorganisms
 10
Find the INCORRECT sentence: The role of ethical issues in biomedical
research is evident due to:
a) emergence of new powerful biotechnology developments
b) elaboration of international regulations in the area of
biomedical research
c) safeguarding the integrity and dignity of human subjects
involved in research studies
d) establishment of committees on agriculture
Ethics committees in biomedical research:
a) perform the research independently
b) serve as review bodies of proposed research projects
c) prevent global catastrophic consequences of climate changes
d) provide tests for absence of chronic diseases in human patients
Biomedical research - find one INCORRECT answer:
a) clinical and non-clinical
b) clinical - undertaken together with patient care
c) non-clinical = non-therapeutic
d) non-clinical - direct benefit for the subject involved
Which expression is CORRECT:
a) the interests and welfare of the human being shall not prevail over
the sole interest of society or science
b) an intervention in the health field may only be carried out after
the person concerned has given a free and informed consent to it
c) the person concerned cannot freely withdraw consent at any time
d) the discrimination against a person on the basis of his/her genetic
heritage is not prohibited
Clinical (therapeutic) biomedical research:
a) is undertaken together with patient care
b) has no benefit for the subject involved
c) is performed without informed consent of the patient
d) is performed without reviewing by ethical committees
Non-clinical (non-therapeutic) biomedical research:
a) is undertaken together with patient care
b) has no benefit for the subject involved
c) is performed without informed consent of the patient
d) is performed without reviewing by ethical committees
Which are the presumptions to biomedical research involving
human subjects:
a) independence results, risk maximizing
b) social aim, capability, inevitability, informed consent
c) international biomedical research only, medical faculties only
d) no responsibility for potential loss, paternalism
The first experiments on animals were described:
a) in Corpus Hippocraticum
b) by Galen
c) by Vesalius
d) by Harvey
The first activities against experiments on animals were realized:
a) In the 19th century in England and France
b) in the 20th century in USA
c) in the 19th century in Russia
d) in the 20th century in England and France
The first document in USA (1985) for cats and dogs protection
was called:
a) "Animal Freedom Act"
b) "Animal Protection Bill"
c) "Cruelty to Animals Law"
d) "Animal Welfare Act"
 11
The first Law on animal protection (1876) was called:
a) "Animal Freedom Law"
b) "Cruelty to Animals Act"
c) "Animal Protection Bill"
d) "Animal vs Human Law"
What is "animal experimentation"?
a) every use of animals in medicine
b) the cruel scientific experimentation on animals
c) every use of animals for scientific purposes
d) use of chemical substances (poisons) on animals
What is a "laboratory animal"?
a) every animal living in a laboratory
b) small animal in a laboratory cage
c) artificially bred animal for experimental aims
d) animal using the laboratory food
Improved laboratory animals used around the turn
of 19th and 20th century were:
a) AB - artificially bred animals
b) GF - germ free animals
c) NB - naturally bred animals
d) SP - special pathogenic animals
Which are non-desirable tests on animals?
a) tests using modern equipment
b) tests or experiments for publicity
c) tests without needless repetition
d) tests according the experimental protocol and guidelines
Non-desirable tests on animals are:
a) accompanied with cruelty, torture and bad conditions
b) not cruel
c) not for publicity
d) the new tests which have not been done by another scientists
The aim of research involving animals should be - find the INCORRECT
answer:
a) scientific
b) in immediate connection with the human life or health
c) performed without absolute exclusion of torture
d) performed with minimal possible number of animals
Which example on animal experiments is CORRECT:
a) penicillin is harmless for guinea-pigs
b) arsenic is a fatal poison for sheep
c) thalidomide is harmless for human subjects
d) toadstool is harmless for rabbits
Which animal has a similar common metabolism to humans?
a) mouse
b) rat
c) pig
d) dog
Which animal has a similar liver structure to humans?
a) mouse
b) rat
c) pig
d) dog
 12

Which animal has a similar spleen and pancreas structure to humans? The principle of "four Rs" (RRRR) in animal experimentation is:

a) mouse a) reduction, refinement, replacement, rendering

b) rat b) reduction, refinement, replacement, responsibility
c) pig c) randomness, range, reduction, returning
d) dog d) rapidness, rating, replacement, responsibility

Which are main rules of experiments on animals? Which is NOT the principle of "four Rs" (RRRR) in animal
experimentation?
a) fixed aim, standardized conditions, random sampling, reproducibility
b) spotlessness, rank honour, reticence, honesty, truthfulness a) reduction
c) responsibility, conscience. self-confidence, communicativity b) refinement
d) any number of animals, no records to protocols, using of interacted c) responsibility
substances d) revision of results

The stress, anxiety and fear to which laboratory animals are exposed
a) cannot change their individual reactions and responses
b) can change their individual reactions and responses.
c) is a suitable basis for psychiatric investigations
d) is a result of developed new technologies
The European document relating to the experiments on animals
(Amsterdam, 1997) is called
a) European Declaration of Animals Rights
b) Animal Freedom Declaration
c) European Protocol on Animal Welfare
d) European Animal Experimental Guidelines

Five basic principles of laboratory animals freedom

are related to:
Who is the animal experimentation supervisor in Slovakia
a) food, water, playing, continual light, cage holding according to the Law No.377/2012 Coll.?
b) food, water, suffering, anxiety, natural mode of holding
c) water, drugs, additional chemicals, suffering, anxiety a) veterinary physician (MVDr.)
d) food, water, suffering, anxiety, proper treatment b) medical doctor (MUDr.)
c) member of the ethics committee
d) Ministry of health employee

Which is NOT the main requirement of laboratory animals in

relation to the environment? The history of patients` rights began in 1948 from:

a) convenience a) Universal Declaration of Human Rights

b) safety b) World Declaration of Patients` Rights
c) hygiene c) Rules "nihil nocere" for physicians
d) continual light d) Medical Law on Patients` Rights
 13

Which is the CORRECT human right in health care?

Which is the model of the patient-physician relationship where
the treatment is valued above the rights of patient? a) everyone has the right to treat himself/herself only
b) everyone has the right for respecting his or her privacy.
a) the informative model c) the doctor must treat the patient according to his or her
b) the interpretive model social status
c) the deliberative model d) the health care must be under supervision of the Health
d) the paternalistic model Insurance Service

Which is the model of the patient-physician relationship, where Which is the CORRECT human right in health care?
the patient is a consumer of medical care and the doctor is
a provider of information? a) everyone has the right to physical and mental integrity and
to the security of his or her person
a) the informative model b) the doctor has the duty to respect all decisions of the psychiatric patient
b) the interpretive model c) the doctor must treat the patient according his or her social status
c) the deliberative model d) the health care must be under supervision of the Health
d) the paternalistic model Insurance Service

Which is the model of the patient-physician relationship where Which is the CORRECT human right concerning to informed consent?
the patient comes to a decision basing upon the patient-physician
discussion? a) everyone has the right to physical and mental integrity and
to the informed consent of a doctor to treat the patient
a) the informative model b) the doctor has the duty to change the informed consent
b) the interpretive model of the patient
c) the deliberative model c) the informed consent of the patient is a prerequisite for any
d) the paternalistic model medical intervention
d) the informed consent must be under supervision of the State Health
Insurance Company

Which is the model of the patient-physician relationship, where

the physician clarifies for the patient the given medical procedure
and the patient comes to decision without patient-physician Which is the document for the application of Rights of Patients?
discussion?
a) Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights,
a) the informative model (UNESCO, 1997
b) the interpretive model b) The Declaration of Hawai (World Psychiatric Association, 1983)
c) the deliberative model c) The Declaration of Helsinki (WMA, 1964 - 1989)
d) the paternalistic model d) The Declaration of Oslo (WMA, 1970)
 14
The Convention of Human Rights and Biomedicine (Oviedo, 1997)
declared:
a) the interests and welfare of the human being shall prevail over
the sole interest of society or science
b) the patient cannot freely withdraw consent at any time
c) everyone has the right for the respect of privacy in relation to
the interests of Government
d) any form of discrimination against a person on grounds of his or
her genetic heritage is accepted
Convention of Human Rights and Biomedicine (Oviedo, 1997) declared:
a) the interests and welfare of the human being must consider
the interest of society or science
b) the patient cannot freely withdraw consent at any time
c) everyone has the right for the respect of privacy in relation to
the interests of Government
d) any form of discrimination against a person on grounds of his or
her genetic heritage is prohibited
Find the INCORRECT chapter in the Convention of Human Rights
and Biomedicine (Oviedo, 1997)
a) any intervention in the health field, including research, must be
carried out in accordance with relevant professional obligation
and standards
b) an intervention in the health field may only be carried out after
the person concerned has given free and informed consent to it.
c) where a minor does not have the capacity to consent to an
intervention, the intervention has to be carried out
d) everyone has the right for the respect of privacy in relation to
the information on his/her health
Convention of Human Rights and Biomedicine (Oviedo, 1997) declared:
a) protection of persons undergoing research
b) protection of laboratory animals
c) the using of embryos in vitro for the reproductive cloning
d) acceptance of financial gain and disposal of a part of the human body
Convention of Human Rights and Biomedicine (Oviedo, 1997) declared:
a) protection of laboratory animals using for transplantation
b) protection of persons not able to consent to organ removal
c) the using of embryos in vitro for the reproductive cloning
d) acceptance of financial gain for transplanted organ
Protection of children - a child can expect:
a) to receive treatment on the basis of clinical need
b) nursing care by trained students of primary school
b) not to be involved in discussions and consideration to be given
to their wishes
d) anaesthetic treatment from trained and experienced nurse
Protection of children - which is INCORRECT?
a) the child has a right to courtesy and respect for privacy
and dignity
b) the child has a right to be treated in a children`s hospital
c) the child has a right for playing and studying during treatment
d) the child has a right for nursing care by nurses for adults
Serious mental illness (SMI) is defined as:
a) all cases of schizophrenia
b) all cases of depression
c) all cases of anorexia nervosa
d) post-traumatic stress disorder after brain concussion
Protection of persons with mental illness including:
a) making mental health services more expensive
b) establishing special prison camps for patients
c) requiring parental approval for children's treatment
d) engaging persons with mental illness into the process
of hospital managing
 15
Find the INCORRECT answer - Protection of persons
with mental illness includes:
a) making mental health services more effective
b) establishing safeguarded outpatient commitment
c) requiring the approval of hospital manager for
children's treatment
d) engaging persons with mental illness into the process
of Health Care
What is CORRECT about humans as a source of social values?
a) social values are not a motivational construct
b) social values guide the selection or evaluation of actions,
policies, people and events
c) social values are ordered by principles of chaotic distribution
d) social values serve as a base for Governmental Laws
What is INCORRECT about humans as a source of social values?
a) social values are a motivational construct
b) social values are ordered by importance relative to one another
c) social values serve as standards or criteria
d) social values are guidelines for the Medical Care Service
Some of the basic social values by its central motivational goal are:
a) benevolence, universalism, hedonism, conformity, carelessness
b) self-direction, stimulation, achievement, power, security, tradition
c) corruption, cruelty, dishonesty, self gratification, sensuality
d) impurity, irresponsibility, jealousy, laziness
What does "sterilization" mean?
a) a medical technique that intentionally leaves a person
(female or male) unable to reproduce.
b) a method of assisted reproduction
c) the production of pregnancy in a woman by introducing
seminal fluid directly into the cervix of uterus
d) a method which allows an in vitro fertilized ova to be removed
laparoscopically
What does "Pearl index" mean?
a) number of pregnancies to 100 women used contraception per year
b) amount of sold contraceptive tablets in pharmacy shop
c) index of mental health of the population
d) a long-term statistical criterium of sterilization
Ethical recommendations to sterilization - find the INCORRECT answer:
a) informed consent, written only
b) the woman be interviewed without family members present
c) socialization training, sexual abuse avoidance training
d) no contraception is considered as a substitution to sterilization
Ethical recommendation to sterilization:
a) no informed consent is required
b) the woman be interviewed with family members present
c) socialization training, sexual abuse avoidance training, family
therapy and sex education as alternatives to sterilization
d) sterilization cannot affect the psychical condition and family
life of a person.
What is CORRECT about planned parenthood?
a) planned parenthood is used in psychiatric patients only
b) planned parenthood is a complex group of contraception means
including calendary ovulation method.
c) planned parenthood is based on using barrier and chemical
contraception
d) planned parenthood is ethically not acceptable.
 16

What is INCORRECT about planned parenthood?

Reproductive human cloning is:
a) planned parenthood is a part of ObamaCare program in USA
b) planned parenthood is a complex group of contraception means a) very successful
including calendary ovulation method. b) used widely in obstetrics
c) planned parenthood is based on using sterilization methods c) accepted by International Act Supplement on Human Rights
d) planned parenthood is ethically the most acceptable. d) forbidden in 2001

The term "cloning" may suggest that Therapeutic human cloning is:

a) the organism is cultivated by use of sterilization method a) experimental use of bacterial stem cells
b) one organism is the exact replica of another b) used widely in North and South Korea
c) twins are cloned during pregnancy c) not forbidden by International Act Supplement on Human Rights
d) the human being has surrogate parents d) forbidden in 2001

What is true about the federal US "Prohibition of Cloning

of Human Beings Act", 1998? Which is the main principle of therapeutic human cloning?

a) misuse the rights of patients

b) applying the informed consent in gene therapy a) somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)
c) permanent control over human cloning b) enucleated egg transfer (EET)
d) milk and meat products from cloned animals and their offspring c) gamete transfer (GT)
are safe to eat d) embryo transfer (ET)

The process of cloning technology has a success rate

Which is CORRECT in ethical guidelines for gene manipulation?
a) of 1 to 4 percent
b) of 8 to 10 percent a) the gene manipulation does not have physical or psychosocial harms
c) up to 15 percent b) physicians should not participate in reproductive human cloning
d) of 20 to 25 percent c) no potential effects on the gene pool
d) benefit of human cloning for familial and societal relations

Ian Wilmut and a group of Scottish scientists announced in 1996,

that they had successfully cloned a sheep named Humans are the source of important social values regarding
the health and medicine
a) Sandy
b) Becky a) due to human reproduction, organ transplantation
c) Dolly b) due to vital reactions as an evidence of body growth
d) Margareth c) due to payments for Health Care services
d) due to social status of rich people
 17
Humans are the source of such social values:
a) climate, weather, forecast, atmosphere
b) sun energy, environment, nature, water
c) health, well-being, skills, quality
d) artificial insemination, in-vitro fertilization
What does UNICEF mean?
a) United Institutional Centre for Economy and Finances
b) University of Central Emergency Facilitation
c) United Nations Children`s Emergency Fund
d) The same as UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization
Criteria for the selection of experimental animal depend upon:
a) special requirements to the personnel
b) the forecast and global climate changes
c) the aim of the experiment
d) psychiatric requirements for the animals
Which is INCORRECT criterium for the selection of
the experimental animal:
a) the aim of the experiment
b) the specification of holding for the particular species
c) the number of animals living in the wild
d) genetic resp. immunobiologic requirements
What is thanatology:
a) philosophical science on morals
b) an interdisciplinary field of medicine dealing with processes
of death and dying
c) field of medicine dealing with problems of terminal illness and
terminal care
d) field of medicine dealing with psychical phases of dying
How many basic problems of thanatology do you know:
a) 3 basic problems
b) 4 basic problems
c) 5 basic problems
d) 6 basic problems
Find the INCORRECT answer - Three basic problems of thanatology:
a) determination of the moment of death
b) identification of terminal phase of disease
c) post-mortem changes and injuries
d) ethical problems connected with death and dying process
Principles of Do Not Resuscitate practice:
a) 4 + 1 principles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
b) no medical benefit of CPR, poor quality of life before CPR, good
quality of life after CPR
c) no medical benefit of CPR, poor quality of life before CPR, poor
quality of life after CPR
d) beneficialness, non-harmlessness, justice and autonomy of CPR
Ethical problems connected with death and dying process and terminal
care - find the INCORRECT answer:
a) the problem of prolongation of life through new technology
b) the right of a man to freedom from pain
c) the problem of isolation and loneliness of dying patients in
hospitals
d) the problem of personal treatment
 18
Euthanasia - find FULLY, CORRECT answer: Euthanasia in Europe is forbidden except in:

a) activity leading sometimes to death a) Estonia

b) activity or inactivity leading to death done with intention to b) Russia
cause death or accelerate its coming c) Netherlands
c) discontinuing of extraordinary life-sustaining measures done with d) Spain
the intention to alleviate the suffering of the terminally ill
patient
d) activity leading to death done without agreement of patient or
his/her surrogate Euthanasia in Europe is NOT ACCEPTED in:

a) Belgium
What is active euthanasia? b) Netherlands
c) Luxembourg
a) direct killing of the patient on his or her demand d) Slovakia
b) discontinuing the care of life-sustaining measures
with the intention causing death or accelerate death
c) discontinuing of extraordinary life-sustaining measures done
with the intention to alleviate the suffering of the terminally Which type is NOT CORRECT in the classification of euthanasia?
ill patient
d) inactivity leading to death a) voluntary euthanasia
b) non-voluntary euthanasia
c) involuntary euthanasia
What is passive euthanasia? d) selected euthanasia

a) called also assisted suicide

b) direct killing of the patient on his or her demand
c) discontinuing the care of life-sustaining measures The legalization of euthanasia
with the intention causing death or accelerate death
d) inactivity leading to death done without agreement of patient a) would bring better quality of life
or his/her surrogate b) would have no effect on the basic patient-doctor relationship
c) could irreversibly damage the basic patient-doctor relationship
d) is not an ethical problem

Euthanasia in Europe is forbidden except in:

a) Slovakia The doctor is required to be present at euthanasia for the reason:

b) Italy
c) Greece a) to perform the involuntary euthanasia
d) Belgium b) to use the CO gas inhalation instead of the euthanatic drink
c) to make sure the euthanatic drink is not taken by a different
person, by accident or by murder
d) to sign in the testament
 19
The doctor is required to be present at euthanasia for the reason: Ethics of autopsy is in the relationship with:

a) to monitor the process of euthanasia a) eschatology science

b) to apply the CN gas inhalation instead of the euthanatic drink b) circumstances of death
c) to sign in the testament c) police investigators, prosecutors and courts decisions
d) to make photos and videos of exhumation d) ethical question about the rights belonging to a dead body

When a medical practitioner administers the lethal dose Exhumations are generally considered as
of a drug, medication or chemicals, this is:
a) the ethical connection to the human body remnants
a) a new method of treatment b) the sacrilege in most cultures
b) active euthanasia c) the medical care service
c) passive euthanasia d) the police reconstruction of crimes
d) selected euthanasia

Which sentence is INCORRECT:

Discontinuing care of life sustaining measures with the intention
of causing death or accelerating it, can occur because of: a) the hopelessly ill patient has the right to adequate pain control
b) passive euthanasia is also called assisted suicide
a) there is informed consent by social administration c) life with dignity at any stage is better then death with dignity
b) there is a negative expectation of prognosis (prognosis pessima) d) the request for euthanasia represents a total failure of care
c) there is a demand of close relatives
d) economical reasons

What is the true solution of problems of dying patients:

The request for euthanasia is usually a) skilled approach to care provided by devoted personnel
b) passive euthanasia
a) a symptom of inadequate support c) active euthanasia
b) a will of close relatives d) assisted suicide
c) the best demand of a patient
d) a response to new methods of treatment

Psychical phases of dying are:

Ethics of exhumation is in the relationship with: a) 1.disputing 2.anger 3.depression 4.negotiation 5.agreement
b) 1.anger 2.disputing 3.negotiation 4.depression 5.agreement
a) eschatology science c) 1.disputing 2.anger 3.negotiation 4.depression 5.agreement
b) ethical and legal question about the rights belonging to a dead body d) 1.anger 2.disputing 3.depression 4.negotiation 5.agreement
c) police investigators, prosecutors and courts decisions
d) circumstances of death
 20
What are NOT the risks of the elderly in hospital: The basic condition of organ transplantation from living donor is:

a) geriatric maladaptation syndrome a) economical reason for the donor and acceptor
b) relocation syndrome b) minimalization of risk for the donor
c) progressed age c) no informed consent of the donor
d) mental and spiritual support by staff and family d) bad prognosis of transplantation

Which sentence is INCORRECT: The basic condition of organ transplantation from dead donor is:

a) transplantation is equivalent functional compensation a) favourable prognosis for living acceptor

of an organ necessary for life b) commercial interests
b) transplantation can be performed only from dead donors c) disposition of organs for one clinic only
c) transplantation can be performed from dead and living donors d) presence of legal barriers for transplantation
d) the commercial interests should be excluded

Which is NOT a conception of brain death?

What are NOT the basic conditions of organ transplantation
from living donors: a) whole-brain death
b) neocortical death (cerebral hemispheres)
a) voluntary and spontaneous informed consent only of the acceptor c) spinal cord death
b) urgency for the acceptor d) brain-stem death
c) minimalization of risk for the donor
d) favourable prognosis of transplantation
The essential problem for the physician concerning brain death is

Which are NOT the basic conditions of organ transplantation a) postmortal brain changes
from dead donors: b) the determination of brain death irreversibility.
c) the determination of clinical death
a) reliable diagnosis of brain death d) the pronouncement of cellular death
b) exclusion of commercial interests
c) urgency for the donor`s family
d) anonymity Name three different conceptions of brain death:

a) 1.whole-brain death 2.neocortical death 3.mid-brain death

The basic condition of organ transplantation from living donor is: b) 1.whole-brain death 2.cerebellum death 3.neocortical death
c) 1.whole-brain death 2.cerebellum death 3.brain-stem death
a) urgency for the acceptor d) 1.whole-brain death 2.neocortical death 3.brain-stem death
b) economical reason for the donor
c) no informed consent of the acceptor Clinical signs of brain death - find the INCORRECT answer:
d) doubtful prognosis of transplantation
a) deep coma with absence of reaction to pain-evoked stimuli
b) miosis without photoreaction
c) atonia of musculature with absence of muscle movements
d) electrocerebral silence
 21
Which sentence is INCORRECT:
a) one of the clinical signs of brain death is presence
of the corneal, gag, cough, sucking and rooting reflexes
b) one of the clinical signs of brain death is absence
of arterial filling of intracranial vessels
c) brain death is the permanent cessation of functioning
of the brain as a whole
d) the essential problem for the physician lies in the
determination of irreversibility
Name the most common problems in neonatal care:
a) severe congenital abnormalities, severe birth asphyxia
b) extreme preterm birth and prematurity, severe birth asphyxia
c) severe congenital abnormalities, extreme preterm birth
and prematurity, severe birth asphyxia
d) extreme preterm birth and prematurity
Neonatal care - find the INCORRECT sentence:
a) only the benefits and burdens on the infant are considered
not those on parents or society
b) futile treatment is not morally required
c) non therapeutic research on children is never morally required
d) the quality of the child's life doesn't depend on the willingness
and ability of the family to provide support and care
Choose the ALL situations where no treatment is generally accepted:
a) treatment is clearly dubious
b) brain death, persistent vegetative state, treatment is
clearly futile
c) brain death, persistent vegetative state
d) treatment is clearly dubious, persistent vegetative state, coma
Brain death: when the cause of initial coma is known, and the
proposed criteria are carefully employed,
a) the premature pronouncement of death should occur
b) the undesirable premature pronouncement of death should not occur
c) the treatment is changed to resuscitation
d) the treatment is still effective
Name basic ethical requirements in surgery:
a) high professionalism, knowledge of legal regulations and norms,
acceptance of principles of medical ethics
b) high professionalism, the right of the surgeon to decide about
treatment without consent of the patient
c) knowledge of legal regulations and norms, the right of the surgeon
to decide about treatment without consent of the patient
d) acceptance of principles of medical ethics, high professionalism,
team-work
What are the ethical problems in gynaecology and obstetrics:
a) extreme preterm birth and prematurity, severe congenital
abnormalities
b) paternalism, indication of a surgical way of treatment,
c) termination of pregnancy, birth control, sterilization, in-vitro
fertilization and embryo transfer
d) involuntary treatment
Which is the most specific ethical problem in nephrology:
a) danger of particularism
b) severe congenital malformations
c) paternalism
d) long-life treatment by dialysis
What are NOT characteristics of ethical problems in ophthalmology:
a) the smallest area in medicine
b) the patient is dangerous for surroundings and himself
c) the most diagnostic entities
d) the most requirements on interdisciplinary cooperation