TAX EXEMPTION GRANTED UNDER THE CONSTITUTION AND THE TAX CODE

Art. VI (Legislative Department) 1987 CONSTITUTION 1997 NIRC 1997 NIRC (Income Tax)
SECTION 28. xxx para (3) ARTICLE XIV (Education) (Tax on Corporations) Section 30. (H) and (I)
SECTION 4. (3) (4) Section 27. (B)
TAXPAYER Charitable institutions, churches and Non-stock Proprietary Proprietary Proprietary H. A non-stock I. Government
parsonages or convents appurtenant non-profit educational non-profit hospitals and non-profit educational
thereto, mosques, non-profit cemeteries,
and all lands, buildings, and improvements
educational institutions educational which are non- educational institution;
, used for religious, charitable, or institutions institutions profit institution
educational purposes shall be exempt same same
from taxation.
Real Exempt Exempt Exempt Not exempt under Not exempt Not exempt under this Not exempt under this
this provision (but provision (but refer to provision (but refer to
Kind Pro refer to Art.VI Sec 8 Art.VI Sec 8 Consti) Art.VI Sec 8 Consti)
pert Consti)
of y
Inco Shall not be taxed Shall not be taxed
Tax me Not exempt under this provision in respect to in respect to
(refer to Section 30 of the NIRC) Exempt Exempt 10% 10% income received income received
by them as such by them as such
actually, directly, and exclusively used actually, used actually, If gross income If gross income the income of whatever kind and
(ADE) used for religious, charitable, directly, and directly, and derived from derived from character of the foregoing organizations
or educational purposes exclusively exclusively from any of their properties, real or
unrelated trade unrelated trade personal, or from any of their activities
Limitatio (ADE) for (ADE) for or business or business conducted for profit regardless of the
ns educational educational exceeds 50% of exceeds 50% of disposition made of such income, shall
purpose purpose total subject to total subject to be subject to tax
30% ITR 30% ITR
Ex. Lung Center Abra Valley College St. Luke YMCA

NOTE: Section 4 Art. XIV (3) of the Constitution and Section 30 (H) of the NIRC has the same subject mater which is non-stock, non-profit educational
institution. However, they differ in treatment as to the income received by said institutions. The latter provides that said institution shall not be taxed in
respect to income received by them as such, however it adds that the income of whatever kind and character of the foregoing organizations from any of
their properties, real or personal, or from any of their activities conducted for profit regardless of the disposition made of such income, shall be subject to
tax. While the Constitution does not distinguish the income received by said institution, it would remain exempt whatever is the origin of said income
provided it must be shown that it is used actually, directly and exclusively for educational purposes.

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 TAX EXEMPTION GRANTED UNDER THE CONSTITUTION AND THE TAX CODE

ARTICLE VI (The Legislative Department)

SECTION 28

(3) Charitable institutions, churches and parsonages or convents appurtenant thereto, mosques, non-profit cemeteries, and all lands, buildings, and
improvements, actually, directly, and exclusively used for religious, charitable, or educational purposes shall be exempt from taxation.

Problem No. 1: (charitable institutions, churches and parsonages or convents appurtenant thereto, mosques, non-profit cemeteries and all lands, buildings
and improvements) “appurtenant means accessory”

Article VI, Section 28(3) of the 1987 Philippine Constitution provides that charitable institutions, churches and parsonages or convents
appurtenant thereto, mosques, non-profit cemeteries and all lands, buildings and improvements actually, directly, and exclusively used for
religious, charitable or educational purposes shall be exempt from taxation.

A. To what kind of taxes does this exemption apply?

A: This exemption applies only to property taxes. What is exempted is not the institution itself but the lands, buildings, and improvements actually,
directly and exclusively used for religious, charitable, and educational purposes. (Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Court of Appeals, et al. G.R. No.
124043, Oct. 14, 1998) (2000 Bar Question)

B) Is proof of actual use necessary for tax exemption purposes under the Constitution? (3%)

B. Yes, because tax exemptions are strictly construed against the taxpayer. There must be evidence to show that the taxpayer has complied with the
requirements for exemption. Furthermore, real property taxation is based on use and not on ownership, hence the same rule must also be applied for real
property tax exemptions.

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 TAX EXEMPTION GRANTED UNDER THE CONSTITUTION AND THE TAX CODE
Problem No. 2: (Religious)

The Roman Catholic Church owns a 2 hectare lot in a town in Tarlac province. The southern side and middle part are occupied by the church and a
convent, the eastern side by the school run by the church itself. The south eastern side by some commercial establishments, while the rest of the property,
in particular, the northwestern side, is idle or unoccupied.

Q: May the church claim tax exemption on the entire land?

A: No. The portion of the land occupied and used by the church, convent and school run by the church are exempt from real property taxes while the portion
of the land occupied by commercial establishments and the portion, which is idle, are subject to real property taxes. The “usage” of the property and not the
“ownership” is the determining factor whether or not the property is taxable. (Lung Center of the Philippines v. Quezon City, G.R. No. 144104, June 29,
2004) (2005 Bar Question)

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Problem No.3: Exemptions: Charitable Institutions; Churches (1996)

The Constitution exempts from taxation charitable institutions, churches, parsonages or convents appurtenant
thereto, mosques arid non-profit cemeteries and lands, buildings and improvements actually, directly and exclusively used for religious, charitable and
educational purposes. Mercy Hospital is a 100-bed hospital organized for charity patients.

Q:Can said hospital claim exemption from taxation under the above-quoted constitutional provision? Explain.

SUGGESTED ANSWER:
Yes. Mercy Hospital can claim exemption from taxation under the provision of the Constitution, but only with respect to real property taxes provided
that such real properties are used actually, directly and exclusively for charitable purposes.
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 TAX EXEMPTION GRANTED UNDER THE CONSTITUTION AND THE TAX CODE

ARTICLE XIV
Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture, and Sports
Education

SECTION 4.

(3) All revenues and assets of non-stock, non-profit educational institutions used actually, directly, and exclusively for educational purposes shall be exempt
from taxes and duties. Upon the dissolution or cessation of the corporate existence of such institutions, their assets shall be disposed of in the manner
provided by law.

Proprietary educational institutions, including those cooperatively owned, may likewise be entitled to such exemptions subject to the limitations provided by
law including restrictions on dividends and provisions for reinvestment.

(4) Subject to conditions prescribed by law, all grants, endowments, donations, or contributions used actually, directly, and exclusively for educational
purposes shall be exempt from tax.

Problem No.4 (non-stock, non- profit educational institutions)

Requisite: used actually, directly, and exclusively (ADE) for educational purpose
Under Article XIV, Section 4(3) of the 1987 Constitution, all revenues and assets of non-stock, non- profit educational institutions, used actually,
directly and exclusively for educational purposes, are exempt from taxes and duties.

Q: Are income derived from dormitories, canteens and bookstores as well as interest income on bank deposits and yields from deposit
substitutes automatically exempt from taxation?

A: No. The interest income on bank deposits and yields from deposit substitutes are not automatically exempt from taxation. There must be a showing that
the incomes are used actually, directly, and exclusively for educational purposes.

The income derived from dormitories, canteens and bookstores are not also automatically exempt from taxation. There is still a requirement for evidence to
show actual, direct and exclusive use for educational purposes.

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 TAX EXEMPTION GRANTED UNDER THE CONSTITUTION AND THE TAX CODE

It is to be noted that the 1987 Constitution does not distinguish with respect to the source or origin of the income. The distinction is with respect to the use
which should be actual, direct and exclusive for educational purposes.

Consequently, the provision of Section 30 of the NIRC of 1997, that a non-stock and non-profit educational institution is exempt from taxation only “in
respect to income received by them as such” could not affect the constitutional tax exemption. Where the Constitution does not distinguish with respect to
source or origin, the Tax Code should not make distinctions. (2000 Bar Question)

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Problem No. 5

Exemptions: Non-Profit Entity; Ancillary Activity & Incidental Operations (1994)

The University of Bigaa, a non-stock, non-profit entity, operates a canteen for its students and a bookstore inside the campus. It also operates two
dormitories for its students, one of which is in the campus.

Q: Is the University liable to pay income taxes for the operation of the: 1) canteen? 2) bookstore? 3) two dormitories?

SUGGESTED ANSWER:

1) For the operation of the canteen inside the campus, the income thereon being incidental to the operations of the University as a school, is exempt (Art.
XIV (4) (3), Constitution; DECS Regulations No. 137-87, Dec. 16, 1987).

2) For the same reasons, the University of Bigaa is not liable to pay income taxes for the operation of the bookstore, since this is an ancillary activity the
conduct of which is carried out within the school premises.

3) The University of Bigaa shall not be liable to pay income taxes for the operation of the dormitory located in the campus, for same reasons as the
foregoing. However, the latter shall be liable for income taxes on income from operations of the dormitory located outside the school premises.
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Problem No.6: Exemptions; Educational institution (2004)

XYZ Colleges is a non-stock, non-profit educational institution run by the Archdiocese of BP City. It collected and received the following:
(a) Tuition fees
(b) Dormitory fees
(c) Rentals from canteen concessionaires

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 TAX EXEMPTION GRANTED UNDER THE CONSTITUTION AND THE TAX CODE
(d) Interest from money-market placements of the tuition fees
(e) Donation of a lot and building by school alumni

Q: Which of these above cited income and donation would not be exempt from taxation? Explain briefly. (5%)

SUGGESTED ANSWER:
A. All of the income derived by the non-stock, nonprofit educational institution will be exempt from taxation provided they are used actually, directly and
exclusively for educational purposes. The Constitution provides that all revenues and assets of non-stock, non-profit educational institution which are
actually, directly and exclusively used for educational purposes are exempt from taxation (Section 4 par. 3, Article XIV, 1987 Constitution).

The donation is, likewise, exempt from the donor's tax if actually, directly and exclusively used for educational
purposes, provided not more than 30% of the donation is used by the donee for administration purposes. The donee, being a non-stock, non-profit
educational institution, is a qualified entity to receive an exempt donation subject to conditions prescribed by law (Section 4 par. 4, Art. XIV, 1987
Constitution, in relation to Section 101(AX3), NJRC).

Accordingly, none of the cited income and donation collected and received by the non-stock, non-profit educational institution would not be exempt from
taxation.
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CHAPTER IV - TAX ON CORPORATIONS

Section 27. Rates of Income tax on Domestic Corporations. -

(B) Proprietary Educational Institutions and Hospitals. - Proprietary educational institutions and hospitals which are nonprofit shall pay a tax of ten
percent (10%) on their taxable income except those covered by Subsection (D) hereof: Provided, that if the gross income from unrelated trade,
business or other activity exceeds fifty percent (50%) of the total gross income derived by such educational institutions or hospitals from all sources,
the tax prescribed in Subsection (A) hereof shall be imposed on the entire taxable income. For purposes of this Subsection, the term 'unrelated trade,
business or other activity' means any trade, business or other activity, the conduct of which is not substantially related to the exercise or performance
by such educational institution or hospital of its primary purpose or function. A 'Proprietary educational institution' is any private school maintained
and administered by private individuals or groups with an issued permit to operate from the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS), or
the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), or the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), as the case may be, in
accordance with existing laws and regulations.

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 TAX EXEMPTION GRANTED UNDER THE CONSTITUTION AND THE TAX CODE

Problem No.7: non stock non profit hospital for charitable purpose

A group of philanthropists organized a non-stock, non-profit hospital for charitable purposes to provide medical services to the poor. The hospital also
accepted paying patients although none of its income accrued to any private individual; all income were plowed back for the hospital's use and not more
than 30% of its funds were used for administrative purposes.
Is the hospital subject to tax on its income? If it is, at what rate?
SUGGESTED ANSWER:
Yes. Although a non-stock non-profit hospital organized for charitable purposes, is generally exempt from income tax, it becomes taxable on income derived
from activities conducted for profit. Services rendered to paying patients are considered activities conducted for profit which are subject to income tax,
regardless of the disposition of said income. The hospital is subject to income tax of 10% of its net income derived from the paying patients considering that
the income earned appears to be derived solely from hospital-related activities (CIR v. St. Luke’s Medical Center, Inc., G.R. Nos. 195909 & 195960, Sept
26, 2012).
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Section 30. Exemptions from Tax on Corporations. - The following organizations shall not be taxed under this Title in respect to income received by them
as such:

(A) Labor, agricultural or horticultural organization not organized principally for profit;

(B) Mutual savings bank not having a capital stock represented by shares, and cooperative bank without capital stock organized and operated for
mutual purposes and without profit;

(C) A beneficiary society, order or association, operating fort he exclusive benefit of the members such as a fraternal organization operating under
the lodge system, or mutual aid association or a nonstock corporation organized by employees providing for the payment of life, sickness, accident,
or other benefits exclusively to the members of such society, order, or association, or nonstock corporation or their dependents;

(D) Cemetery company owned and operated exclusively for the benefit of its members;

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 TAX EXEMPTION GRANTED UNDER THE CONSTITUTION AND THE TAX CODE
(E) Nonstock corporation or association organized and operated exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, athletic, or cultural purposes, or for the
rehabilitation of veterans, no part of its net income or asset shall belong to or inures to the benefit of any member, organizer, officer or any
specific person;

(F) Business league chamber of commerce, or board of trade, not organized for profit and no part of the net income of which inures to the benefit of
any private stock-holder, or individual;

(G) Civic league or organization not organized for profit but operated exclusively for the promotion of social welfare;

(H) A nonstock and nonprofit educational institution; (Note:This one is covered by Constitution which granted better exemption)

(I) Government educational institution;

(J) Farmers' or other mutual typhoon or fire insurance company, mutual ditch or irrigation company, mutual or cooperative telephone company, or like
organization of a purely local character, the income of which consists solely of assessments, dues, and fees collected from members for the sole
purpose of meeting its expenses; and

(K) Farmers', fruit growers', or like association organized and operated as a sales agent for the purpose of marketing the products of its members
and turning back to them the proceeds of sales, less the necessary selling expenses on the basis of the quantity of produce finished by them;

Notwithstanding the provisions in the preceding paragraphs, the income of whatever kind and character of the foregoing organizations from any of their
properties, real or personal, or from any of their activities conducted for profit regardless of the disposition made of such income, shall be subject to tax
imposed under this Code.

Problem No.8: Exemptions: Non-Stock/ Non-Profit Association (2002)

XYZ Foundation is a non-stock, non-profit association duly organized for religious, charitable and social welfare purposes. Last January 3, 2000 it sold a
portion of its lot used for religious purposes and utilized the entire proceeds for the construction of a building to house its free Day and Night Care Center for
children of single parents. In order to subsidize the expenses of the Day and Night Care Center and to support its religious, charitable and social welfare
projects, the Foundation leased the 300 square meter area of the second and third floors of the building for use as a boarding house. The Foundation also
operates a canteen and a gift shop within the premises, all the income from which is used actually, directly, and exclusively for the purposes for which the
Foundation was organized.

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 TAX EXEMPTION GRANTED UNDER THE CONSTITUTION AND THE TAX CODE
A. Considering the constitutional provision granting tax exemption to non-stock corporations such as those formed exclusively for religious, charitable or
social welfare purposes, explain the meaning of the last paragraph of said Sec. 30 of the 1997 Tax Code which states that “Income of whatever kind and
character of the foregoing organizations from any of their properties, real or personal, or from any of their activities conducted for profit regardless of the
disposition made of such income shall be subject to tax imposed under this Code." (5%)

Answer
A. The exemption contemplated in the Constitution covers real estate tax on real properties actually, directly and exclusively used for religious,
charitable or social welfare purposes. It does not cover exemption from the imposition of the income tax which is within the context of
Section 30 of the Tax Code. As a rule, non-stock nonprofit corporations organized for religious, charitable or social welfare purposes are exempt
from income tax on their income received by them as such. However, if these religious, charitable or social welfare corporations derive income from
their properties or any of their activities conducted for profit, the income tax shall be imposed on said items of income irrespective of their
disposition. (Sec. 30, NIRC; CIR v, YMCA, GR No. 124043, 1998)

B. Is the income derived by XYZ Foundation from the sale of a portion of its lot, rentals from its boarding
house and the operation of its canteen and gift shop subject to tax? Explain. (5%)

SUGGESTED ANSWER:
B. Yes. The income derived from the sale of lot and rentals from its boarding house are considered as income
from properties which are subject to tax. Likewise, the income from the operation of the canteen and gift shop are income from its activities conducted for
profit which are subject to tax. The income tax attaches irrespective of the disposition of these incomes. (Sec. 30, NIRC; CIR v.YMCA, GR No. 124043,
1998).

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RECAP:

1. Under SECTION 28. xxx para (3) Art. VI of the Constitution what is exempted is ONLY the payment real property taxes of the following;
1. charitable institutions,
2. churches and parsonages or convents appurtenant thereto,
3. mosques,
4. non-profit cemeteries

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 TAX EXEMPTION GRANTED UNDER THE CONSTITUTION AND THE TAX CODE
5. and all lands, buildings and improvements actually, directly, and exclusively used for religious, charitable or educational

The only conditions is that it must be actually, directly and exclusively (ADE) used for religious, charitable or educational.

So that if a church or a charitable institution leased some of its real properties, such properties which are leased would become taxable because it is not
actually, directly and exclusively used for used for religious or charitable purposes.

Note: here the framers included the used for educational purpose. It is only in this provision that you would find real property tax
exemption for any kind of educational institutions, and nowhere else from the Constitution or in the Tax Code. Art. VI of the
Constitution merely contemplates non-stock, non-profit educational institutions, it does not covers private educational institutions with
regard to its exemption to real property tax.

 This Constitutional provision merely contemplates for exemption from real property tax of the said taxpayers, but it does not
mean that they are not exempt from Income tax.
 The exemptions for Income tax of this organizations are either dealt in Art. XIV of the Constitution and/or Section 30 of the
NIRC.

2. Under Article XIV, Section 4(3) of the 1987 Constitution, all revenues and assets of non-stock, non- profit educational
institutions, used actually, directly and exclusively for educational purposes, are exempt from taxes and duties.

The coverage of tax exemption for non-stock, non- profit educational institutions is broader, it exempts both its Income and
Real Properties from taxation.

The requirement to be exempted is that said revenues and properties must be used actually, directly and exclusively for
educational purposes.

So that once a non-stock and non profit school would lease some part of its real properties to third person/entity and
subsequently earn income, the school would be subjected to real property tax because such part of the property is not actually,
directly and exclusively use for educational purposes. However such income from lease contract would remain tax exempt
provided it could show proof that the same is used actually, directly and exclusively for educational purposes.

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 TAX EXEMPTION GRANTED UNDER THE CONSTITUTION AND THE TAX CODE

3. Section 27 (B) of the NIRC deals with Rates of Income tax on Domestic Corporations particularly,
a. private non-profit educational institution;
b. private non-profit hospital

 Under this provision they will be given special corporate tax rate of 10%
 Provided that their income from unrelated trade or business will not exceed 50% of their total gross income, otherwise they would be subjected
to normal corporate tax rate of 30 %

Note: The SC ruled that even those non-stock, non-profit hospitals can be taxed under this section if said hospitals accept payment from some of its
patient. The same payment received by said hospital will be subjected to 10% corporate tax.

4. The organizations mentioned in Section 30 are exempted from Income tax for income received by them as such, meaning their income received
from the main purpose of their operation.

 So that if they derived income from their real properties (sale or lease) and from any unrelated activities they will be subjected to
income tax.

Ex. If any of them leases part of their buildings/improvement, the same would be subjected to tax.

Note: What is covered by this section is Income Tax only. Some of the organizations mentioned are exempted from payment of real property tax,
not because of this section but due to the constitutional provision/s exempting them from real property taxes. (e.g 1. non-profit, non-stock educational
institution, 2. government educational institution and 3. charitable institution)

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