2018 PMO National Stage Oral Round

Easy
E1 A line passes through (k, −9) and (7, 3k) and has slope 2k. Find the possible values of k. [ 29 or 1]
E2 Let △ABC be a right triangle with legs AB = 6 and BC = 8. Let R and r be the circumradius and the
inradius of △ABC, respectively. Find the sum of R and r. [7]
E3 In how many ways can the letters of the word CHIEF be arranged such that I appears in some position
after E? [60]
E4 We say that the constant a is a fixed point of a function f if f (a) = a. Find all values of c such that
f (x) = x 2 − 2 and g(x) = 2x 2 − c share a common fixed point. [3 and 6]
E5 How many pairs of positive integers (a, b) are there, both not exceeding 10, such that a ≤ gcd(a, b) ≤ b,
and a ≤ lcm(a, b) ≤ b? [27]
2 2
E6 Suppose that loga 125 = log5 3 and logb 16 = log7 4. Find the value of a (log5 3) − b (log4 7) . [−22]
E7 Two cards are chosen without replacement from a deck of 50 cards numbered 1, 2, 3, . . . , 50. What is the
probability that the product of the numbers on these cards is divisible by 7? 46 ]
[ 175
E8 A triangle with lengths 24, 70, 74 is inscribed in a circle. Find the difference between the numerical values
of the area and the circumference of the circle in terms of π. [1295π]
3 π
E9 Find the smallest positive real numbers x and y such that x 2 − 3x + 2.5 = sin(y) − 0.75.[x = , y = ]
2 2
E10 A standard deck of 52 cards has the usual 4 suits and 13 denominations. What is the probability that two
cards selected at random and without replacement from this deck will have the same denomination or the
same suit? 5]
[ 17
a b 1
E11 Let a and b be integers such that + = . Find the smallest possible value of ∣ab∣. [504]
2 1009 2018
√ 1 √
E12 Let x be a real number satisfying x 2 − 6x + 1 = 0. Find the numerical value of ∣x 4 − 4 ∣. [8 3]
x
E13 Factor (a + 1)(a + 2)(a + 3)(a + 4) − 120 completely into factors with integer coefficients.
[(a 2 + 5a + 16)(a − 1)(a + 6)]
E14 Suppose there are 3 distinct green balls, 4 distinct red balls, and 5 distinct blue balls. The balls are to be
grouped in pairs such that the balls in every pair have different colors. How many sets of six pairs can be
formed? [1440]
E15 This year, our country will be participating in the 59th International Mathematics Olympiad, to be held in
Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The IMO, which was first held in 1959 also in Romania, has been held annually
except in 1980, when it was cancelled due to internal strife in its host country. Which East Asian country
was supposed to host the 1980 IMO? [Mongolia]
Average
A1 A regular hexagon is inscribed in another hexagon such that each vertex of the inscribed hexagon divides
a side of the original hexagon into two parts in the ratio 2 ∶ 1. Find the ratio of the area of the inscribed
hexagon to the area of the larger hexagon. [7 ∶ 9]
√ √ √ √ √ √ √
A2 The number 49 + 6 6 + 12 14 + 4 21 cann be expressed as a 2+b 3+c 7 for some integers a, b, c.
Find a + b + c. [6]

1
 2018 PMO National Stage Oral Round

A3 The letters of the word MATHEMATICS are rearranged to form distinct strings of the same 11 letters.
What proportion of these strings do not contain the string MATH? 491 ]
[ 495
A4 Determine a and b in the following: (5!)8 + (5!)7 = 4a 356 487 b80 000 000. [a = 3, b = 6]
A5 Given the square ABCD with side length 2, △AEF is constructed so that AE bisects side BC, and AF
bisects side CD. Moreover, EF is parallel to the diagonal BD and passes through the point C. Find the
area of △AEF. [ 83 ]
E
C
B
F
2
A D

A6 A semiprime is a number that is a product of two prime numbers. How many semiprime numbers less
than 2018 can be expressed as x 3 − 1, for some real number x? [4]
A7 Find the remainder when 53! is divided by 59. [30]
A8 Suppose that {a n }n≥1 is an increasing arithmetic sequence of integers such that a a20 = 17 (where the sub-
script is a20 ). Determine the value of a2017 . [4013]
N N N
A9 Let N be the smallest positive integer such that is a perfect square, is a perfect square, and is a
15 10 6
N
perfect fifth power. Find the number of positive divisors of . [8400]
30
A10 How many ordered quadruples (a, b, c, d) of positive odd integers are there that satisfy the equation a +
b + c + 2d = 15? [34]
Difficult
D1 In △ABC, AB = 6, BC = 10, and CA = 14. If D, E and F are the midpoints of sides BC, CA, and AB
respectively, find AD2 + BE 2 + CF 2 . [249]
D2 How many ways are there to arrange 5 identical red balls and 5 identical blue balls in a line if there cannot
be three or more consecutive blue balls in the arrangement? [126]
D3 Let x, y, and z be real numbers that satisfy the system x + 3y + 6z = 1, x y + 2xz + 6xz = −8, x yz = 2. Find
the smallest possible value of x + y + z. [− 83 ]
D4 In a right triangle ABC with ∠C = 90○ , BC = 10, and AC = 15. Two squares are inscribed in ABC as
shown in the figure. Find the minimum sum of the area of the squares. [36]
C

B A
720k
D5 Let P(x) be the polynomial of minimum degree such that P(k) = for k ∈ {2, 3, 4, 5}. Find the value
k2 − 1
of P(6). [48]