RESULTS AND DECUSSION

1.0 Experimental Coefficient Of Friction (C.O.F)

An experimental show the coefficient of friction behaviour between Palm Oil

with additive (Super Olien 1V64 + 450ppm) between Engine Oil 15W-40 Mineral
(Petronas Syntium 500). The experiment were conducted with Standard ASTM 4172
(B) with 40kg load, 3600 seconds of the time operation and 75°C temperature.
0.1

0.09

0.08
COF

0.07

0.06

0.05

0.04
1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
REVOLUTION PER MINUTES (RPM)

Palm oil with additive Engine oil 15W-40 mineral

Figure 1 : Line graph show the coefficient of friction between palm oil with additive
(super olien 1V64 + 450PPM) and engine oil 15W-40 mineral (Petronas syntium
500).

The line graph show the coefficient of friction between two lubricant that
were compared each other’s during the experimental conducted.

In general, the coefficient of friction shown the engine oil 15W-40 mineral is
observed to be higher compared to that palm oil with additive. The coefficient of
friction for the contact between balls lubricated with engine oil 15W-40 mineral
increase and steady with increase incremental of the revolution per minute (rpm) but
it’s come fluctuate and decrease between 1600rpm to 2000rpm. The coefficient of
friction of palm oil with additive were decrease gradually at 1200rpm to 1600rpm
and began fluctuate slightly between 1600rpm to 2000rpm.
 For experimental condition using palm oil with additive, the incremental
increased of rpm, did not noticeably increased the coefficient of friction. For the all
rpm were tested to the palm oil with additive, the two last of 1600rpm to 2000rpm
become fluctuate. This behaviour because due to the palm oil with additive had
existence of fatty acid (Syahrullail et al, 2013), these fatty acid that helps to maintain
the lubricant layer and giving the lower the coefficient of friction compared to the
engine oil 15W-40 mineral.

In conclusion, the result shown palm oil with additive can be used in term of
coefficient friction reduction compared to engine oil 15W-40 mineral. This is
because the presence of additive in palm oil created protective layer to palm oil as a
film. However, additives also have adverse effects such as increased wear or friction
(Erhan et al, 2000).
2.0 Experimental Scar Diameter

An experimental determine the scar diameter between Palm Oil with additive
(Super Olien 1V64 + 450ppm) between Engine Oil 15W-40 Mineral (Petronas
Syntium 500). The experiment were conducted with Standard ASTM 4172 (B) with
40kg load, 3600 seconds of the time operation and 75°C temperature.
1600.04

1400.04
BALLS SCAR DIAMAETER μm

1200.04

1000.04

800.04

600.04

400.04

200.04

0.04
1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
REVOLUTION PER MINUTES (RPM)

Palm oil with additive Engine oil 15W-40 mineral

Figure 2 : Line graph show the balls scar diameter between palm oil with additive
(super olien 1V64 + 450PPM) and engine oil 15W-40 mineral (Petronas syntium
500).

Figure 3 : Wear scar diameter Figure 4 : Wear scar diameter

engine oil 15W-40 mineral palm oil with additive
412.1μm at 1200rpm 796.8μm at 1200rpm
 The figure 2 show the effect of balls in scar diameter between palm oil with
additive and engine oil 15W-40 mineral. Then, figures 3 and 4 illustrate the scar
diameter of the balls at 1200rpm between both lubricants.

Based on the figure 2, as the rpm increased the wear scar diameter of the balls
increased showed in palm oil with additive but against on engine oil 15W-40
mineral. The engine oil 15W-40 mineral showed the consistent scar diameter
between 1200rpm to 2000rpm were tested, but there was nuisance at 1600rpm and
caused an increased the scar diameter little bit higher. The wear scar was less
reduction on palm oil with additive, it is believed that the additive successful created
a protective layer but againts on rate of wearable. In addition to that, the adhesive
wear starts to take place at rpm more than 1600rpm on palm oil with additive.

Figure 2 and 3 shows the images that indicate the mechanical and chemical
elements of wear scarring on the balls that operated under the engine oils 15W-40
mineral and palm oil with additive. The surface engine oil 15W-40 mineral was
smooth and line or friction not noticeable with non-wearable surfaces. Besides the
palm oil with additive seen quite rough and uneven with non-wearable surfaces.

Conclusion the palm oil additive less to deal with moving mechanical wear
on the surfaces.

Reference

Erhan, S. Z., & Asadauskas, S. (2000). Lubricant basestocks from vegetable

oils. Industrial crops and products, 11(2-3), 277-282.

Syahrullail, S., Wira, J. Y., Wan Nik, W. B., & Fawwaz, W. N. (2013).
Friction characteristics of RBD palm olein using four-ball tribotester. In Applied
Mechanics and Materials (Vol. 315, pp. 936-940). Trans Tech Publications.

Zulkifli, N. W. M., Kalam, M. A., Masjuki, H. H., & Yunus, R. (2013).

Experimental analysis of tribological properties of biolubricant with nanoparticle
additive. Procedia Engineering, 68, 152-157.