Contents

TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................................................................................. 2

INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 3
FIREFIGHTING SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................... 4
Active fire protection method ................................................................................................................ 4
Fire Extinguisher .................................................................................................................................. 4
External Fire Hydrant........................................................................................................................... 5
Hose Reel .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Dry Riser ............................................................................................................................................... 9
Sprinkler System.................................................................................................................................. 10
Voice Communication System ............................................................................................................. 11
Smoke Detector ................................................................................................................................... 12
Fire Alarm Bell ................................................................................................................................... 13
Passive fire protection method ............................................................................................................. 14
Fire Door ............................................................................................................................................ 14
Fire Road Escape ................................................................................................................................ 16
Fire Safety Signage ............................................................................................................................. 17
Staircase.............................................................................................................................................. 17
DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................................ 18
CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................... 19
REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 20

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Figure 1: Class of fire extinguisher and the function 4

Figure 2: ABC type dry powder fire extinguisher 5
Figure 3: External fire hydrant 6
Figure 4: Hose reel inside the building 7
Figure 5: External fire hose reel 8
Figure 6: Dry riser valve 9
Figure 7: Fire sprinkler 10
Figure 8: Fire sprinkler valve 11
Figure 9: “Telefon Bomba Api” 12
Figure 10: Smoke detector 13
Figure 11: Fire Alarm Bell 13
Figure 12: Fire door 15
Figure 13: Map for fire escape route 16
Figure 14: Fire exit sign 17
Figure 15: Fire escape staircase 17

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INTRODUCTION
Fire is the visible effect of the process of combustion. It is can be appeared by the effect
of chemical reaction between fuel, oxygen and heat. This fire sometimes can be too dangerous to
us and vice versa. For instance, fire can be badly by making a building destroy in a few second
and also it is can be great as good as fire at the stove that be used for cooking. Thus, the fire
awareness is important to be spread to all of peoples to ensure they know the positive and
negative side of fire and not take it easy towards the fire precaution.

What is fire precaution? It is about the measure taken and precaution features provided in
a building that are designed to minimize the risk to the occupants from the outbreak of fire. The
measurement and features including the law like uniform building by law 1984 (UBBL) and
firefighting system.

In order to achieve the objective of this

assignment where is to identify the passive and
active system installed. A short site visit was done
at National Heart Institute (IJN) on Tuesday, 20
March 2018. IJN was established on 1st August
1992 as a heart specialist institution committed to
delivering advanced standards in cardiovascular
and thoracic medicine for adult and pediatric heart patients. Previously the institute had been part
of the Kuala Lumpur General Hospital. Since the foundation of the institute, IJN has treated over
a million patients and gained recognition as one of the leading Cardiovascular and Thoracic
Health Centre in the region.

IJN was selected due to several factor. One of the main factor is because IJN is a hospital.
As we know, the frequently of fire occurs at hospital in the past few years is high. According to
(A. Mariana, 2016), there are seven major incidents based on fire happened since 1993 to 2016 at
hospital around Malaysia. IJN was selected because of the number of patient who come to this
place is quite high and increasing for every year. Statistic number based on online ‘mynewhub’
wrote more than 300 000 patients came to IJN for getting treatment in 2016. Thus, IJN is a very
attractive spot that should have a proper firefighting system to ensure all the occupant safe.

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FIREFIGHTING SYSTEM
Firefighting system or also known as fire protection system is one of the important things
that should be provided in each of building. It is a system of equipment used to prevent,
extinguish, localize or block fires in enclosed spaces. Besides, it is also help in minimizing the
uncontrolled fire and protect human life or other private properties from fire. There are two fire
protection methods which are active fire protection method and passive fire protection method.

Active fire protection method

Active fire protection method is the component of fire detection and prevention which reacts
to action or motion. This is means that the role of active fire protection within the fire
containment process is to detect, alert and seek to eliminate the fire hazard. So that, this method
can be run manually or automatically based on the equipment use. The equipment use in active
protection method are:

Fire Extinguisher
It is a portable equipment that use to put out small fire during emergency. However, this
fire extinguisher does not suitable for eliminate fire that out of control. There are several
class of this extinguisher such as class A, class B, class C, class D, class of Electric and
class F.

Figure 1: Class of fire extinguisher and the function.

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 In National Heart Institute, the fire extinguisher can be found everywhere. It is exist in
every room and partition inside the IJN. The most important thing, it is easily to access
by everyone. The type of fire extinguisher used in complex is mostly ABC type dry
powder fire extinguisher which is label in blue color. Under UBBL 1984 Section 227 -
Portable extinguisher shall be designed and installed in accordance with MS 1539.

Figure 2: ABC type dry powder fire extinguisher

External Fire Hydrant

The oldest system but still the most effective and common firefighting solution. It is a
well-designed and well laid out of hydrant system forms the backbone of firefighting
system. A fire hydrant is a system of pipe work that allows water to flow from a water
main with the control of a valve in order to put out a fire. The water is discharged into the
fire engine from which it is then sprayed over the fire.

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The external fire hydrant system is found around IJN which is located nearest to the main
entrance. It is also easy to access to the main road where the place for firefighter park
their fire truck.
Under UBBL 1984 Section 225(2) - Every building shall be served by at least one fire
hydrant located not more than 45 meter from the fire brigade access, designed and
installed in accordance with MS 1489. In any case, hydrants shall be located not more
than 90 meters apart.
Under UBBL 1984 Section 225(3) - Depending on the size and location of the building
and the provision of access for fire appliances, additional fire hydrant shall be provided
as may be required by the D.G.F.R.

Figure 3: External fire hydrant

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Hose Reel
Fire hose reel basically provided with pump and water supply tank. It is usually used by
occupant in the early state of fire. Hose reels located strategically in a building to make
sure proper coverage of water to combat a fire. However, fire hose reel sometime can be
located outside of the building where to used it along with the external fire hydrant.

Figure 4: Hose reel inside the building

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 Figure 5: External fire hose reel

As shown in figure four and five, the fire hose reel can be determined inside and outside
of IJN building. Each floor of this building provided with this fire hose reel system. All
the fire hose reel system in IJN can be classified as manually operated. Basically, the
internal fire hose reel use by occupant and the external fire hose reel use by fire
department.

Under UBBL 1984 Section 226A - Hose reel systems shall be designed and installed in
accordance with MS 1489.

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Dry Riser
Dry Riser Systems are installed in buildings for firefighter purposes. It is normally dry
and capable of being charged with water by pumping from fire department equipment
such as water supply from fire department truck.
IJN building have seven floor that provided with a lot of room like ward, Operation
Theater and so on. The estimate height raise of this building is around 21 meter. So that,
with the 21 meter of height, this building is qualified to install this system based on
UBBL section 230 (1) where dry riser system shall be provided in every building in
which the topmost floor is more than 18.3 meter but less than 30.5 meter above fire
appliances access level.

Figure 6: Dry riser valve

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Sprinkler System
Fire sprinkler systems use water to suppress and in best case to eliminate fires in
buildings. Pipe systems are used to distribute the water throughout the building to where
the fire is present. Water provided can be divided into two where is from water supply
tank or water from fire department via valve sprinkler.
Sprinkler system can be determine around heart national institute building. This system
cover almost 90% area of IJN. It is including the car park, pharmacy area, café and many
more.
Under UBBL 1984 Section 228 - Sprinkler systems shall be designed and installed in
accordance with MS 1910.

Figure 7: Fire sprinkler

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 Figure 8: Fire sprinkler valve

Voice Communication System

This system are allows firefighters and others to communicate with one another during
emergency situations. System that allows voice communication in either direction
between a central control point and a number of other points throughout a building or
building complex, particularly in a fire emergency situation.
This system also provided inside the building of IJN. Usually, it is can be found around
the emergency exit due to easy to access. The color of this communication system is red
with signage of “Telefon Bomba Api”. By using signage with mother tongue language,
the easy communication can be done.

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 Figure 9: “Telefon Bomba Api”

Under UBBL 1984 Section 239(a) - There shall be two separate approved continuously
electrically supervised voice communications system, one a fire brigade communications
system and the other a public address system between the central control stations.

Smoke Detector
This smoke detector help all the occupant to alert or give early warning for existing
smoke or heat that can lead toward fire. It is very useful to increase changes to escape
from fire disaster.
IJN can be classified as hospital so that the smoke detector is very important in order to
improve time for evacuation during fire occurs. By giving early warning, occupant like
patients and doctor can escape right on the time. Most of the area inside this building
provided with smoke detector.

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 Figure 10: Smoke detector

Fire Alarm Bell

The function is quite same like smoke detector which is to alert occupant inside the
building when the fire occur. After the smoke detector detect the present of heat, smoke
or fire, it will send the signal to the fire alarm bell to give a sign to occupant by ringing
the bell for a few time.

Figure 11: Fire Alarm Bell

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 Both fire alarm bell and smoke detector share the UBBL 1984 Section 237 - Fire
detection and fire alarm systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with MS
1745.

Passive fire protection method

Passive fire protection is a form of fire safety provision that remains dormant, or inert,
during normal conditions but becomes active in a fire situation. It is an integral component of
structural fire protection in a building which is designed to contain fires or slow their spread. The
purpose of passive fire protection is to contain the spread of fire for sufficient time to permit the
safe evacuation of all occupants of the premises and the arrival of the firefighter. The equipment
use in passive protection method are:

Fire Door
This is the special door that built with purpose to withstand the roaring fires for as long as
possible. Fire door is normally close and one way direction when it open. The reason of
why the door must in keep close is to ensure the fire or heat do not transfer out to other
partition. So that, it can help in minimizing the spread of fires.
For IJN, the fire door exist in each floor and always keep close. The color of the door is
white with the sign of the fire door with red color.
Under UBBL 1984 Section 163 - Fire doors including frames shall be constructed in
accordance with MS 1073.

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Figure 12: Fire door

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Fire Road Escape
A fire escape is a type of emergency exit. It usually provides a directional exit signs for
occupants to leave for a safe place or to assembly area immediately. It is usually mounted
to the outside of a building or occasionally inside but separated from the main areas of
the building.
Fire escape road or fire evacuation map for the building of IJN can be found nearest the
area of the staircase and the entrance. It is clearly define the current position of occupant
while read the map to the nearest safe place based on the suitable condition.

Figure 13: Map for fire escape route

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Fire Safety Signage
When there is a fire emergency in building, all occupants must be notified of the most
efficient way to exit. Exit signage is an effective guidance tool to help occupants escape
if fire occurs in a building.
Most of the fire exit signage at IJN mount at door and existing at each of the room in this
building.

Figure 14: Fire exit sign

Staircase
Fire escape staircase is properly
design for ensure it is functioning during
emergency uses. Most of the escape stairway
connected to each floor and close with fire
door. For IJN, the design for their fire escape
staircase is followed the UBBL 1984 Section
168(4) - The required width of a staircase
shall be maintained throughout its length
including at landings.

Figure 15: Fire escape staircase

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DISCUSSION
After doing a site visit for two hours at this national heart institute, the things that can be
define about the fire protection system at this building is quite good. As a hospital, this building
are needed to provide proper fire protection system due to the number of people to this building
keep increasing. As we know, most of people inside this hospital is sick and need a treatment.
Thus, they are does not have a good ability to escape when any emergency occur. With provided
proper fire safety protection, the changes to this patients or any occupant to escape is high. After
making some observation, this hospital (IJN) was followed the tenth schedule provided under
uniform building by law 1984.

The details of tenth schedule by law 225(1), 237(1) that followed by this building (IJN)
are under occupancy hazard of institutional (hospital and nursing homes). For IJN, the building is
exceeding 250 square meter per floor which five storeys and over. So, it is required to have
extinguishing system note 2 (A, G), fire alarm syste, note 3 (3) and emergency lighting note 4
(a).

Indicator:

Note 2: (A) is automatic sprinkler, (G) is hose reel.

Note 3: (3) is signal indicator alarm system.

Note 4: (a) is signal point units.

As suggestion, the building of IJN can improve their fire door system by changing the
white color to red based on UBBL 1984 Section 163 - Fire doors including frames shall be
constructed in accordance with MS 1073. Besides, the proper ventilation at the fire escape
staircase. During the site visit, the things that can be find at fire escape staircase is non proper
ventilation. The staircase is totally closed. It is because to prevent out of breath, if the smoke
from fire area escape to the staircase.

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CONCLUSION

As conclusion, the objective of this assignment is able to achieve. Active fire protection
system and passive fire protection system are able to define at the selected place which at
national heart institute (IJN). Besides, the site visit also help in improving and more understand
about the fire protection system and learned about Malaysia standard and uniform building by
law 1984. Overall fire protection system at IJN is quite impressive. All the things needed in
UBBL 1984 are available and work perfectly. The safety of the occupant are guaranteed by this
good fire protection system.

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REFERENCES
1. What are Fire Precautions? - Definition from Safeopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved March 29,
2018, from https://www.safeopedia.com/definition/4906/fire-precautions
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https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/747-what-is-fire
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from https://www.mynewshub.cc/terkini/300000-pesakit-dapatkan-rawatan-di-ijn-pada-
2016/
5. What Is Active Fire Protection? (2017, November 17). Retrieved April 01, 2018, from
https://www.thermotechsolutions.co.uk/thermotech-news/active-fire-protection/
6. Britannica, T. E. (2017, June 05). Fire extinguisher. Retrieved April 01, 2018, from
https://www.britannica.com/technology/fire-extinguisher
7. Maharashtra Industries Directory. (n.d.). Fire Hydrant System. Retrieved April 01, 2018,
from http://www.fireknock.com/fire-hydrant-system.html
8. Fire hose reel system. (2017, November 10). Retrieved April 01, 2018, from
https://www.grundfos.com/service-support/encyclopedia-search/fire-hose-reel-
systems.html
9. Emergency Escape and Fire Fighting. (n.d.). Retrieved April 02, 2018, from
http://www.hsa.ie/eng/Topics/Fire/Emergency_Escape_and_Fire_Fighting/

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