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Kinematics 1D
 Equations of Motion with Constant Acceleration

Eqns of motion - summary

v , v0 are instantaneous velocity components along the x axis.

soln: Car Truck 1
soln: Car Truck 1
 soln: Car Truck 2

Truck (const. speed):

Car (const. acceleration):

Take x0 = 0 when truck

passes car and count time, t,
from this moment.
 soln: Car Truck 3
Car meets truck again at
xC = xT = 500m.
soln: Car Truck 1
 soln: Car Truck 3
Car meets truck again at
xC = xT = 500m.
With the results from the previous slide, we can now calculate
soln: Car Truck 4
the speed of the car as it passes the truck.
Example: Car 2 stages
 soln: Car 2 stages 1
Stage 1: Car accelerates from rest at 3.0 m/s2 for time T.

Time elapsed = T.
Starts at rest.
Constant acceleration.
Speed at t =T.

At the end of Stage 1:

 soln: Car 2 stages 2
Stage 2: Car accelerates from v = v1 at acceleration a’ for time
T reaching a final speed of 2.5v1.

Time elapsed = T.
Starts at v1.
Constant acceleration.
Speed after time T.
Example: 100m dash
 soln: 100m dash 1

From time 0 to T the runner undergoes motion

with constant acceleration, a = 2.68 m/s2 .

Starts at rest.
Speed at t = T.
 soln: 100m dash 2

From time 0 to T the runner undergoes motion

with constant acceleration, a = 2.68 m/s2 .

Position at
t = T.
 soln: 100m dash 3

From time T to t = 12 sec , the runner undergoes motion with

constant speed v0 = v1 (prev. slide) = 2.68T from initial
position (at T) of x0 = 1.34T2 (prev. slide).
 soln: 100m dash 3a

Combining the information:

Must solve quadratic equation for T.

 soln: 100m dash 4
Solutions of a
quadratic equation:
Free fall
 Kinematic Equations for Free Fall
Kinematic equations
a = - 9.8 m/s 2

v = v0 + at
y – y0 = v0t + ½at2
y – y0 = ½(v + v0 )t
v2 – v02 = 2a(y – y0 )

v , v0 are instantaneous velocity components along the y axis.

 Kinematic Equations for Free Fall
Kinematic
Alternatively:
g = 9.8 m/s
equations
2

v = v0 - gt
y – y0 = v0t - ½gt2
y – y0 = ½(v + v0 )t
v2 – v02 = 2g(y0 – y )

v , v0 are instantaneous velocity components along the y axis.

Free fall eg1
Free fall eg1a
At what speed does the
coin hit?

v2 – v02 = 2a(y – y0 )
Free fall eg1c
v2 – v02 = 2a(y – y0 )
y0 = h = 427m
y=0
v0 = 0
a = -9.8 m/s2

v2 = 8369 (m/s2)2
Free fall eg1e
v2 – v02 = 2a(y – y0 )
v = ± 91.5 m/s
 Free fall eg1f
v2 – v02 = 2a(y – y0 )
v = - 91.5 m/s

Physics tells us the coin is dropping to the ground

 final velocity vector is pointing vertically downward
 v < 0. (negative y direction).
 Free fall eg1g
v2 – v02 = 2a(y – y0 )
v = - 91.5 m/s

So, the y component of the velocity is –91.5 m/s.

Note: The (instantaneous) speed is the magnitude of the
(instantaneous) velocity vector. Thus the speed is 91.5 m/s.
Free fall eg1ab
How long does it take the
coin to reach the ground?
We have:
y0 = 427m
y=0
v0 = 0
v = -91.5 m/s
(a = -9.8 m/s2)

v = v0 + at
Free fall eg1ac
v = v0 + at
v0 = 0
v = -91.5 m/s
(a = -9.8 m/s2)

t = (v - v0 ) / a
t = 9.34 s
Problem 2-50 (8e)
Problem 2-50 (8e)
50. A hot-air balloon is rising upward with a
constant speed of 2.50 m/s. When the balloon is
3.00 m above the ground, the balloonist
accidentally drops a compass over the side of the
balloon. How much time elapses before the
compass hits the ground?
Problem 2-50 (8e)
SOLN 2-50 (8e)
vBALLOON = + 2.5 m/s  y – y0 = v0t + ½at2
a = -9.8 m/s2
y0 = 3.0 m
v0 = + 2.5 m/s -3.0 = 2.5t – 4.9t2

4.9t2 - 2.5t - 3.0 = 0

y=0
Problem 2-50 (8e)
SOLN 2-50 (8e) a
y – y0 = v0t + ½at2
(v = 0)
a = -9.8 m/s2
y0 = 3.0 m
v0 = + 2.5 m/s
-3.0 = 2.5t – 4.9t2

4.9t2 - 2.5t - 3.0 = 0

y=0
Problem 2-50 (8e)
SOLN 2-50 (8e) a
y – y0 = v0t + ½at2
(v = 0)
a = -9.8 m/s2
y0 = 3.0 m
v0 = + 2.5 m/s
4.9t2 - 2.5t - 3.0 = 0

Solve quadratic:
y=0

t = 1.08 s , -0.57 s
Problem 2-55 (8e)
Problem 2-56 (8e)
55. The velocity of a diver just before
hitting the water is -10.1 m/s, where the
minus sign indicates that her motion is
directly downward. What is her displacement
during the last 1.20 s of the dive?