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Impact of a heterogeneous liquid droplet on a dry surface: Application to the

pharmaceutical industry

D.A. Bolleddula (a,*), A. Berchielli (b), A. Aliseda (a)

a University of Washington Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Way, Box 352600 Seattle, WA
98195, United States
b Pharmaceutical Development, Pfizer, Inc., Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories,
Eastern Point Road MS 8156-35, Groton, CT 06340, United States

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 159 (2010) 144–159


* Corresponding author. Tel.: +60 604 5996422.

abstract
Droplet impact has been studied for over a hundred years dating back to the pioneering
work of Worthington [1]. In fact, much of his ingenuity contributed to modern day high
speed photography. Over the past 40 years significant contributions in theoretical,
numerical, and experimental work have been made. Droplet impact is a problem of
fundamental importance due to the wealth of applications involved, namely, spray
coating, spray painting, delivery of agricultural chemicals, spray cooling, inkjet printing,
soil erosion due to rain drop impact, and turbine wear. Here we highlight one specific
application, spray coating. Although most studies have focused their efforts on low
viscosity Newtonian fluids, many industrial applications such as spray coating utilize
more viscous and complex rheology liquids. Determining dominant effects and
quantifying their behavior for colloidal suspensions and polymer solutions remains a
challenge and thus has eluded much effort. In the last decade, it has been shown that
introducing polymers to Newtonian solutions inhibits the rebounding of a drop upon
impact, Bergeron et al. [2]. Furthermore Bartolo et al. [3] concluded that the normal
stress component of the elongational viscosity was responsible for the rebounding
inhibition of polymer based non-Newtonian solutions. We aim to uncover the drop
impact dynamics of highly viscous Newtonian and complex rheology liquids used in
pharmaceutical coating processes. The generation and impact of drops of mm and μm
size drops of coating liquids and glycerol/water mixtures on tablet surfaces are
systematically studied over a range of We~O(1–300), Oh~O(10−2–1), and Re∼O(1–700).
We extend the range of Oh to values above 1, which are not available to previous studies
of droplet impacts. Outcomes reveal that splashing and rebounding are completely
inhibited and the role of wettability is negligible in the early stages of impact. The
maximum spreading diameter of the drop is compared with three models demonstrating
reasonable agreement.

Keywords: Impact, Spreading, Colloidal dispersions, Tablet Spray coating

© 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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