2017 03 16 Electrical Equipment

CHAPTER: 11
DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
11 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ......................................................................................... 11-1
11.1 General .................................................................................................................... 11-1
11.2 Basic Design Criteria ................................................................................................ 11-1
11.2.1 Standards ..................................................................................................... 11-1
11.2.2 Voltage Considerations................................................................................. 11-2
11.2.3 Insulation Co-ordination ............................................................................... 11-2
11.2.4 Short Circuit Withstand ................................................................................ 11-2
11.2.5 DC Source Requirements for Controls........................................................... 11-2
11.2.6 AC Source Requirements for Unit and Station Services ................................. 11-2
11.2.7 Protection and Co-ordination Philosophy ..................................................... 11-3
11.2.8 Equipment Location ..................................................................................... 11-3
11.2.9 Equipment Enclosures .................................................................................. 11-3
11.2.10 Codes and standards .................................................................................... 11-4
11.2.11 Name Plates and Markings ........................................................................... 11-4
11.3 Generators .............................................................................................................. 11-4
11.3.1 Design .......................................................................................................... 11-4
11.3.2 Generator Main Design Features .................................................................. 11-5
11.3.3 Shaft, Rotor and Rotor Winding .................................................................... 11-5
11.3.4 Stator Core and Winding .............................................................................. 11-6
11.3.5 Generator Bearings and Cooling System ....................................................... 11-7
11.3.6 Generator Brakes and Jacking System........................................................... 11-7
11.3.7 Cooling and Heating ..................................................................................... 11-8
11.3.8 Excitation System ......................................................................................... 11-8
11.3.9 Voltage Regulator ......................................................................................... 11-8
11.3.10 Excitation Transformer ................................................................................. 11-9
11.3.11 Isolated Phase Bus Ducts (IPB) ...................................................................... 11-9
11.3.12 Fire Protection System ............................................................................... 11-10
11.3.13 Transport Considerations ........................................................................... 11-10
11.4 Transformers ......................................................................................................... 11-10
11.4.1 11/132 kV Step-up Transformers ................................................................ 11-10
11.4.2 Auxiliary Transformers ............................................................................... 11-13
11.5 132 kV High Voltage Cables .................................................................................... 11-14
11.6 Protection Equipment ............................................................................................ 11-14
11.6.1 Generator Protection ................................................................................. 11-15
11.6.2 Step-up Transformer Protection ................................................................. 11-15
11.7 11 kV Power Supplies ............................................................................................. 11-15
11.8 Control System ...................................................................................................... 11-16
11.8.1 Plant Control System (PCS) ......................................................................... 11-17
11.8.2 Unit Control Systems (UCS) ........................................................................ 11-17
11.8.3 Communication between the PCS and UCSs ............................................... 11-18
11.8.4 Manual Control Mode ................................................................................ 11-18
11.8.5 Synchronising ............................................................................................. 11-19
11.9 Illumination and Small Power................................................................................. 11-19
11.10 DC System.............................................................................................................. 11-21
11.11 Black Start Option .................................................................................................. 11-24
11.12 Main Earthing System ............................................................................................ 11-25
11.13 Telecommunication and Station Clocks .................................................................. 11-27
11.13.1 Powerhouse Communication ...................................................................... 11-27
11.13.2 Powerhouse Intake Communication ........................................................... 11-27
11.13.3 External Communication ............................................................................ 11-27
11.13.4 Station Clocks ............................................................................................. 11-28
11.14 Video Supervision .................................................................................................. 11-28
Attabad Hunza Hydropower Project
Feasibility Study Report
11 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
11.1 General
This chapter summarizes the feasibility level considerations for electrical equipment and its
installation in the powerhouse.
The hydrological, mechanical and economical studies have led to the conclusion of installation of
three Francis turbines with synchronous speed of 300 rpm to fulfill the conditions given by net
head and design flow.
Consequently the electrical equipment for power production comprising all necessary
auxiliary supplies and services has been planned to be constructed to provide a maximum power
output with the highest reliability and availability.
The equipment will mainly consist of:
• Two vertical shaft synchronous generators of 38.23MVA, 0.85 power factor lagging,
(32.50MW) each connected via 11 kV Isolated Phase Bus duct (IPB) to the respective, three
phase, 20 MVA, 11/132/√3 kV step-up transformers located at the transformer bay.
• Auxiliary supply for all power needs of the powerhouse and intake area.
• Measuring, control and protection devices for all functions of the plant.
11.2 Basic Design Criteria
The general electrical design criteria, which has been used to establish the basis
for electrical design of the electrical equipment and systems is described below:
11.2.1 Standards
In the feasibility stage, all electrical equipment and systems have been designed in accordance
with the latest editions and amendments of codes and standards of the following Institutions:
• IEC International Electro technical Commission

• DIN Deutsches Institut fur Normung
• ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
• ANSI American National Standards Institute
• NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association
• ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
• IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
• ICEA Insulated Cable Engineers Association
• AWS American Welding Society

• NFPA National Fire Protection Association
Available relevant Pakistani standards and codes will be considered.
11.2.2 Voltage Considerations
The IEC standard defines three voltage classes as follows:
• Low voltages are used to supply utilization equipment and are 1 kV or less.
• Medium voltages are used as the primary distribution voltages to be used to feed the primary
windings of the step-down transformers to provide low-voltage systems. These voltages are
greater than 1 kV but less than 36 kV.
• High voltages are used to transmit large quantity of electrical power between
transmission substations, and are all voltages higher than 36 kV.
11.2.3 Insulation Co-ordination
WAPDA standards require an Impulse Withstand Voltage of 650 kV for the 132 kV systems. This
value corresponds to the higher alternative of IEC standard - 71 for 132 kV systems, which offers
two options namely 550 kV and 650 kV.
WAPDA standards in accordance with IEC therefore have to be taken in to consideration.
11.2.4 Short Circuit Withstand
According to WAPDA standards minimum short circuit current on the 132 kV system is 20 kA.
The corresponding value for 11kV equipments is 12.5 kA.
11.2.5 DC Source Requirements for Controls
The following DC systems have been studied and recommended:
• For protection, control and DC operating mechanism of motors, 110 VDC

• Nominal 110 VDC
• Voltage: 110 VDC +20%, - 20%
• For Power Line Carrier (PLC) communication systems, 50 VDC.
• Nominal 50 VDC
• Voltage: 50 VDC +20%, - 20%
• For instrumentation from AC / DC converters, 24 VDC
11.2.6 AC Source Requirements for Unit and Station Services
Electrical equipment will be designed for continuous operation from the powerhouse auxiliary
power supplies within the following limits:
• Nominal 400/230 VAC.

• Voltage: 400 V (3-phase) or 230 V (1-phase), +5%, -15%
• Frequency: 50 Hz, +5%, -5%
11.2.7 Protection and Co-ordination Philosophy
The primary objectives of electrical system protection and co-ordination are to

prevent injury to personnel, to minimize damage to the system components and to limit the
extent and duration of outages that result from operation of the system protective devices. The
protection is achieved with the help of detection devices like relays and instruments and
interruption devices like fuses and circuit breakers.
Co-ordination philosophy directs to select and set each protective device so as to minimize the
portion of the electrical system affected by a fault. Therefore, the system design is to fulfill the
following requirements:
• When operating properly, only the primary protective device nearest to the fault in the
supply direction must respond.
• If this device fails, the backup device next to it in the direction of power flow will respond.
• Routine current spikes must not cause disconnection.
11.2.8 Equipment Location
The electrical equipment has been specified and selected so that it is suitable for the location
where it is to be installed. Both the basic design of the equipment and requirements of the
IEC have been taken into account when locating electrical equipment.
Major electrical equipment such as transformers, switchgear assemblies, switchboards, and

motor control centers has been planned in dedicated rooms, buildings or other areas.
Installation of smaller equipment such as individual motor starters and panel boards has been
recommended in spaces that are ventilated and dry. All equipment rated above 600 volts,
except pad-mounted transformers and metal enclosed outdoor switchgear assemblies, have
been located in dedicated spaces that are only accessible to qualified persons. Rooms
containing motor control centers will be ventilated and not air-conditioned.
11.2.9 Equipment Enclosures
Electrical equipment enclosures have been specified so that they are designed for the
conditions that they are going to be subjected to when installed as defined by IEC.
Indoor enclosures will provide a degree of protection not less than IP 44 and outdoor
enclosures will provide a degree of protection not less than IP 54.
11.2.10 Codes and standards
All electrical equipment shall comply with the IEC (International Electro technical
Commission) standards. In case of non-existence of relevant IEC standards, BS or VDE/DW
standards shall apply, otherwise applicable Pakistan standards and Codes will be applicable.
11.2.11 Name Plates and Markings
All major equipment when provided for installation should have a securely fastened
corrosion resistant name plate showing the manufacturer's name, model and serial number,
year of manufacture, main characteristic data of the respective equipment as specified in the
applicable standards or necessary for proper identification of the equipment involved.
All the name plates and markings are to be in the English language.
11.3 Generators
11.3.1 Design
The generators will be conventional, air and water closed system cooled, vertical shaft, three
phase synchronous generators directly coupled to the Francis turbines. The generator
design is governed by the turbine output, speed and stability requirements of the electrical
system.
The generators and auxiliaries will comply with following standards or equivalents.
• IEC 60034: Rotating electrical machines

• IEC 60317 : Specifications for particular types of winding wires
• IEC 60044-1 : Current transformers
• IEC 60044-2 : Voltage transformers
• IEC 60072-1 & 60072-2 : Dimensions and output ratings of rotating machines
• IEC 60085 : Thermal evaluation and classification of electrical installation
The generators will be three phase synchronous machines, installed vertically and coupled
with Francis turbine. The generator speed will be 300rpm.
Direction of rotation of the generator will be clockwise, viewed from the generator end.
Generator will be air cooled and self-ventilated by axial or radial ventilation through the rotor
itself acting as a fan. The generator core shall be divided by radial air gaps for air flow through
the generator core. The generator will be able to run at 10% continuous overload without
exceeding the temperature limits of class F.
11.3.2 Generator Main Design Features
Main data of the generators is as follows:
Table 11-1 : Main Data of Generators
No. of units 2
Nominal capacity 32.50 MW
Frequency 50 Hz
Power factor 0.85
Nominal generation voltage 11KV
Nominal Speed 300 rpm
Ambient temperature 50o C
Efficiency 96%
The rated output of 19.11MVA corresponds with a nominal generator output of 16.25 MW and
a power factor of 0.85, which is considered to be sufficient to meet the requirements of
reactive power generation at the end of 132 kV transmission line. The generator will be able to
run at 10% continuous overload without exceeding the temperature limits of class F.
The rotating parts of the generators should be able to withstand the stresses at runaway speed
for two minutes. The maximum unit stresses for any rotating part of generator or other shaft
driven auxiliary machine at runaway speed should not exceed 2/3 of the respective material
yield strength.
The first critical speed of the combined turbine generator unit will be at least 25% higher than
runaway speed.
The nominal voltage of the generator has been chosen to be 11 kV for design purposes and the
selection of generator voltage will be left to the generator designer at the tender design stage.
11.3.3 Shaft, Rotor and Rotor Winding
The output, runaway speed and the required flywheel effect largely determine the construction
of the rotor. In the case of Mastuj assembly and especially transport limitations are important
additional design criteria which affect the rotor construction will be dully considered.
The rotor shaft will be made of forged steel and machined to required specifications.
Rotor rim will be built of magnetic steel plates. Rotor poles which will be made of magnetic
punching will be clamped between steel end pieces by means of through bolts.
Each pole will be equipped with a damping winding made of copper rods inserted in
semi closed slots in the periphery of a pole. Rods will be brazed together at both ends, and
all poles will be connected together to form a continuous “cage winding”.
Field coils will consist of copper bars brazed together to form a rectangular coil conforming to
the shape of each pole core. Each turn will be insulated by “class F” insulation. Coils will be
insulated against the pole core by glass fiber fabric integrated in polyester or similar insulation
material.
11.3.4 Stator Core and Winding
The welded steel stator frame will be split into minimum number of sections consistent with
transportation requirement to the site. The stator will be designed to withstand mechanical
forces during normal operation and sudden three phase short circuit fault. The frame will be
provided with structural features for supporting and clamping the stator core. Stator is to be
erected on its own foundations, diameter being such that access to the turbine will not be
restricted and this need to be checked during detail design stage.
Stator core will consist of thin high grade non-ageing silicon steel segments. Each segment
will have a heat resisting insulating varnish to prevent eddy current losses. Radial
ventilation ducts will be provided at intervals by means of steel sheets with spacing strips.
Care will be required in fixing for the core to ensure satisfactory performance.
The winding will be designed in such away that the generated wave form is as close to sine
wave as possible. The stator winding will be made of bar or coil winding system, with an
insulation of continuous tape impregnated with the synthetic resin in vacuum and
subsequently cured. The coils must be provided with necessary anti corona protection at the
end of the slot sections.
The generator stator winding will be star connected at the neutral end with all ends of each
phase being brought to terminals. The neutral point will be earthed through a single phase dry
type distribution transformer with a resistance loaded secondary. A removable disconnecting
link will be provided for isolation of transformer from the neutral connection. Design will be
such that fault current is limited to less than 10 A in earthing transformer primary at nominal
generator
voltage of 11 kV. One Current Transformer (CT) will be connected in series with the loading
resistor. It will have a primary rating which matches loading resistor current for earth fault at
nominal generated voltage and a secondary rating of 1A. The CT will be suitable for driving a
series connected protective relay.
11.3.5 Generator Bearings and Cooling System
The generator has been planned to be of conventional design with an upper combined thrust
and guide bearing and a lower guide bearing. The thrust bearing should therefore be designed
to carry the combined weight of the generator rotor, shaft and turbine runner as well as the
hydraulic thrust during operation. It will also have to take over the dynamic forces during short
circuit faults.
Provision will be made to prevent the flow of induced electric currents through the bearings.
Insulation for this purpose will, in every location, be arranged as an insulation / metal /
insulation sandwich to permit the insulation to be tested without dismantling any part of the
generator.
Each bearing will have a lubricating oil bath in housing. Type of oil will be the same as that
used for the turbine bearing and the governor oil system thus simplifying operation and
maintenance. The oil will be cooled by oil coolers immersed in the bath of each bearing.
Cooling water will be drawn from the unit cooling water system.
The thrust bearing will be provided with a high pressure oil injection system, with main and
standby pumps for each generator and arranged to operate only during starting, creeping and
stopping of the generator in order to build up a thin lubrication oil film between thrust
pads and bearing runner.
Vibration detectors and temperature detectors will be provided.
11.3.6 Generator Brakes and Jacking System
A friction brake system that contains air compressor, pressure receiver, solenoid valves, relief
valves and a pressure gauge will be provided for each generator to minimize the slow running
of the generator during shut down. It will be applied at a suitable speed controlled by a
solenoid valve. The brake pads will be specified not to contain asbestos.
Permanent hydraulic jacking equipment will be provided for each generator for inspection,
adjustment and repair of the thrust bearings. Permanent facilities will be provided to support
the full load of the rotating parts in the raised position without maintaining hydraulic pressure
to the jacks.
And also one portable self-contained jacking unit suitable for use with a 400 VAC and
suitable for connection to the permanent hydraulic pipe work on each generator is
recommended for the powerhouse.
11.3.7 Cooling and Heating
The generator has been planned to be air cooled and self-ventilated by axial or radial
ventilation through the rotor itself acting as a fan. The air will be re-cooled by air / water heat
exchanger situated outside the stator housing. Through this design a closed air loop system
inside the generator pit will be formed thus avoiding pollution through atmospheric impurities.
The water cooling system for the generator will be split into two independent systems:-
• One for the oil circuit for bearings of generator and turbine.
• Second for the air / water cooling of the generator stator and step-up transformers.
Each generator will be provided with electrical stator heaters suitable for 400 VAC, three wire
supply with a capacity and thermostatic setting to maintain a temperature inside the
generator enclosure of 50C above the powerhouse ambient temperature. The heaters will be
switched on whenever the machine is at standstill and controlled by the thermostat and
switched off automatically when the machine is started.
11.3.8 Excitation System
A static, thyristor controlled excitation system with high speed Automatic Voltage Regulator
(AVR) will be provided for each generator. This system will be fed from an excitation
transformer supplied directly from the generator terminals. The thyristor converter, AVR, field
flashing circuit, de-excitation circuit, field circuit breaker and all other associated accessories
as required for a complete installation are specified.
Initial excitation supply will be taken from the station 110 VDC system. The excitation output
will be connected by cables and solid copper conductor links to the generator slip-rings
through a field circuit breaker.
The thyristor converter will be designed with sufficient redundancy to ensure continued
operation even if one thyristor branch is out of operation. Thyristors will be protected by
means of quick acting fuses in each branch.
Separate cooling fans will be provided for forced air cooling of each thyristor converter
cubicle.
11.3.9 Voltage Regulator
A solid state AVR with redundant controls will be provided to maintain maximum reliability.
The voltage regulator forms part of excitation system. Its primary task is to maintain the
voltage in the system and to provide necessary reactive power for the system. An additional
task is to protect the generator against thermal strain in winding and iron.
A voltage setting device that will be suitable for manual operation at the voltage regulator
cubicle and the control desk will be installed. The device will provide a setting range of ±10%
from nominal generator voltage.
The voltage regulating equipment (or excitation system) has been planned to incorporate
following limiters and devices:-
• Instantaneous field current (surge) limiter.

• Over excitation limiter (OEL).
• Under excitation limiter (UE).
• Power system stabilizer (PSS).
• Volts / Hz protection.
• Stator current limiter.
• Miscellaneous limiters as needed for the proper operation and protection of the excitation and
voltage regulation system as a whole.
11.3.10 Excitation Transformer
The transformer has been planned to be of three phase with high voltage winding
rating of 11 kV. The manufacturer, based on excitation system performance requirements,
will determine the transformer rating and secondary side voltage.
The transformer will be dry type, naturally cooled. The insulation of the windings will be class
F.
11.3.11 Isolated Phase Bus Ducts (IPB)
The electrical connection between the generator and power transformer will be enclosed in
isolated phase bus ducts (IPB) and branch out for connecting the unit transformer, excitation
transformer, voltage transformers, generator surge arrestors and ground switches.
Isolated phase bus connections will be sealed and the system designed for natural cooling by
convection from the bars, conduction through the enclosure and natural convection / radiation
externally with no continuous flow of cooling air through the enclosures.
Each enclosure will be air-pressurized with dedicated air compressor installed at each unit.
Make-up air system control devices will be provided for each individual bus bar system.
The characteristics of the proposed bus duct system will be as follows:
• Number of bus bar systems 2

• Number of phases of each system 3
• Rated voltage (between conductors) 11 kV
• Frequency 50 Hz
• One minute power frequency 38 kV (rms)
withstand test voltage (minimum)
• Impulse withstand test voltage 95 kV (peak)
• Rated current for main bus ducts 1000A
11.3.12 Fire Protection System
Each generator will be provided a completely independent fire detection and protection
system, capable of detecting and quenching any combustion occurring within the
generator enclosure. The system will provide for total flooding of the enclosure with
Argonite and maintaining the necessary Argonite concentration for at least 20 minutes after the
first gas discharge.
Fire detection equipment will comprise thermal and smoke detectors within the generator and
within the generator enclosure. Automatic release of Argonite into the generator will require
operation of a smoke detector together with either generator electrical protection or thermal
detector operation. Manual release of Argonite will be provided only by manual operation of
the valve trip mechanism at each generator.
11.3.13 Transport Considerations
The large parts of the generator assembly will be designed and manufactured according to
transportation weights and dimensions not exceeding the maximum transport limits.
Components exceeding these limits will be designed to enable assembly of the components at
site.
11.4 Transformers
11.4.1 11/132 kV Step-up Transformers
The power station will comprise two unit step-up transformers each of 20 MVA capacity
(11/132 kV). Two No Unit auxiliary transformers of 200kVA capacity (11/0.4kV), one No
100KVA transformer at intake. Selection of 200KVA unit auxiliary transformers and 100KVA
transformer at intake is tentative. Ratings of these transformers shall be based on the actual
site load requirements and shall be finalized at the design stage.
The standard for the power transformers will be IEC 60076 or equivalent. The main
characteristics of the transformers are:-
11.4.1.1 Main Design Features
The Rating of Transformers is shown in Table 11-2:

Table 11-2: Rating of Transformers

Item
Nominal Rating 20MVA (three -phase

transformers)
No. of step-up transformers 2
High voltage side 132 KV
Low voltage side 11 KV
Frequency 50 HZ
Power factor 0.85
Temperature Rise 55-65o C
Vector Group YD11
Impedance 9% approx.
Cooling ONAF
Tapings on HV side +_2*2.5%
Tap Changer Off load
Delta connected windings on the primary side will provide a closed circuit for possible third
harmonic current originating from the generator. The high voltage winding will be star
connected with the neutral link taken out on a separate terminal for direct connection to earth.
11.4.1.2 Technical Description
The transformer will be conventional design with concentric winding arranged on a core made
of insulated steel laminations. The transformer tank will be designed to withstand an over
pressure of one bar as well as to allow vacuum during dry out before oil filling. The phase and
neutral bushings will be arranged on top of the tank. The primary bushings will be designed
for connection to 11 kV conductors in IPB from the generator.
The bushings will have built-in current transformers for measuring and protection purposes. A
spring loaded pressure relief valve will be provided for relieving dangerous pressure in case of
an internal fault. Temperature detectors for monitoring oil and winding temperatures will be
installed in pockets on the tank ‘stop cover.
Each transformer will be equipped with a conservator tank with a capacity of approximately
10% of the total oil volume with a suitable air breather. Either a conservator with a
diaphragm to seal the oil from contact with oil or the transformer to breath dry nitrogen
into an external bladder type breathers can be considered in the detailed design stage. A gas
(Buchholz) relay will be installed on the pipe between the transformer tank and the
conservator oil tank.
11.4.1.3 Cooling system of Step up Transformer
Natural oil, forced air cooling system (ONAF) is proposed for cooling of Step-up Power
Transformers. The air fans will be controlled from thermal detectors installed within the
transformer tank. In order to keep the auxiliary power consumption to minimum, a
temperature controlled sequence of turn on and turn off of the fans shall be included. A
reserve in the air cooling system will be provided, so that failure of two fans will not compel
to shut-down the transformer.
Civil engineering design should take care that transformers have ample ventilation space all
around for proper heat dissipation.
11.4.1.4 Protection and Monitoring
For the safe and reliable operation of the transformers, Following protections and monitoring
are to be provided;
• Oil level and temperature indicators
• Self-resetting explosion vent with alarm/trip contacts
• Buchholz relay
• Over current protection
• Restricted Earth fault in combination with the Generator
• One lightning arrester per phase on the high voltage sides
• Bushings with current transformers for metering and protection purposes.
• Oil and winding temperature detectors, for indication, alarm and tripping, in case of
abnormal temperature.
11.4.1.5 Fire Protection
Water sprinkling system will be installed for fire protection of Power transformers. Each
transformer will have own fire detectors, for initiation of sprinkling system.AC operated
pumps for the system will also be connected to Emergency diesel generator supply board,
such that it can operate even when AC power is not available due to fire in transformer.
11.4.1.6 Transformer Explosion and Fire Protection
Water deluge systems are conventionally used for firefighting. However latest research has
proved that Nitrogen has better firefighting properties. A new system based on Nitrogen as a
fire extinguishing medium and commercially known as SERGI transformer Explosion and
Fire Prevention System, which serves the dual purpose, has been planned. This system is now
widely used in WAPDA.
Moreover each single phase transformer is enclosed by three hour fire rated walls as per
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 851.
11.4.2 Auxiliary Transformers
Two oil filled 11/0.4kV auxiliary transformers shall supply power to the auxiliary equipment
of generating units, the intake area and station services, including Internal and external
lighting. Each transformer will be connected to 11 kV bus of the medium voltage switchgear.
Low voltage of these transformers will be connected to low voltage bus bar of Low voltage
switchgeari.e.400 volts.
For the feasibility report, capacity of each transformer for Power House auxiliaries has been
kept as 200 kVA, and that for intake supply as 100 kV, however, during detailed engineering
design, the required capacity of these transformers can be reworked, according to actual load
of auxiliaries and other common services.
The transformers will have following specifications:
Table 11-3 : Specifications of Transformer
Power House Intake
Nominal Rating 200 kVA 100 kVA
No. of step down transformers 2 1
High voltage side 11 kV 11 kV
Low voltage side 400 Volts 400 Volts
Frequency 50 Hz 50 Hz
Power factor 0.85 0.85
Temperature rise 55o C 55o C
Vector Group Dyn11 Dyn11
Impedance 6% approx. 6% approx.
Cooling ONAN ONAN
Tapings on HV side ± 2.5/5% ± 2.5/5%

11.5 132 kV High Voltage Cables

Each step up transformer will be connected to the 132kV switchyard via single core, single
phase, 132kV, Cross Linked Polyethylene (XLPE) cables. These cables will be rigidly
supported from the walls of the cable gallery. Generally, properly installed and maintained
XLPE power cables give more reliable operation than oil filled cables.
The cables and terminations will be designed for continuous operation under the following
conditions:
Table 11-4: Conditions for Cables and Terminations Design
Rated system voltage 132 kV rms
Highest system voltage 145 kV rms
Conductor to screen voltage 145/√3 kV
Frequency 50 Hz
Type of neutral earthing Directly earthed
Basic insulation level 650 kV
Power frequency withstand voltage 275 kV rms
Rated maximum conductor o

Not more than 90 C
temperature under normal
operating conditions
Cable gallery will be protected by several automatic wet pipe sprinkler systems with sprinkler
heads spaced so as to arrest the spread of fire along the cable runs and provide total coverage
of the cables as per NFPA 851. It will be ensured through the protection system that the cables
are de-energized before initiation of firefighting system. Single line diagram of Power house
is shown in Single line diagram of Power house.
11.6 Protection Equipment

Separate relay protection cubicles comprising numerical relays have been planned to be
installed. The relays will be organized in two groups so that one group provides back-up
protection for the other group. Each group of relays will preferably be of the same make
(manufacturer) to build a uniform modular system. The functioning of the protection relays
will not depend on the control system.
Control supply will be taken from 110 VDC systems only. Separate circuits will serve the two
groups of relays in order to obtain maximum reliability. The relays will be capable of
operating properly with voltage variation of - 20% to + 10%.
The unit protection system for generator and transformer is shown on the unit protection
single line diagram.
11.6.1 Generator Protection
The generator protection will consist of:

• Under voltage protection. (27)
• Reverse power protection. (32)
• Loss of excitation protection. (40)
• Negative sequence current protection. (46)
• Generator winding thermal monitoring. (49 G)
• Over current / short circuit protection. (50; 51; 51 N)
• Over voltage protection. (59)
• Rotor earth fault protection. (64 R)
• Stator earth fault protection. (95 % & 100%)(64 G)
• Under frequency protection. (81)
• Three phase generator differential current protection. (87 G)
• Shaft current protection.
• Vibration and shaft movement supervision protection.
11.6.2 Step-up Transformer Protection
The following transformer protections are recommended:

• Transformer Differential protection
• Restricted earth fault protection
• Back-up earth fault protection
• Buchholz protection
• 132 kV XLPE cable differential protection
And also over current protection for excitation transformer and unit auxiliary
transformers will be provided.
It is also recommended that the numerical transformer protection system be combined with
the main generator protection system and contained in one cubicle or in an adjacent
cubicle.
11.7 11 kV Power Supplies
The primary purpose of the 11 kV switchgear is to provide auxiliary supply for the primary
purpose of the11kV switchgear is to provide auxiliary supply for the powerhouse, intake and
also to support any adjoining areas. The switchgear has been planned to be located in a
separate room in the 132kV switchyard.
The incoming 11 kV supply from 132/11 kV service supply transformer will be terminated in
the 11 kV bus bar. Several 11 kV feeders supply power to rural areas and will be finalized in
the tender design stage. Other 11kV feeders will be distributed as described under station AC
auxiliary supply section.
The necessary 11 kV feeders and service supply transformer will be equipped with modern
fuse disconnecting switches or circuit breaker of SF6 or vacuum type (to be decided at
detailed design stage) enclosed in cubicles thus obtaining high personnel safety.
Table11-5: 11 kV Switchgear Design
Design Voltage 12 kV
Type of cubicles metal-clad cubicles on trucks
Short circuit current (3s) 30kA
Rated lighting impulse withstand 75kV

voltage
11.8 Control System

It has been planned that the power plant will be equipped with a state of art computerized
control system as shown on plant control system drawing. The main advantages of this type
control system over the traditional hardwired type are enumerated below:-
• Replacement of large number of cables and wires for communication between different points of
control of the plant by fiber optical cables.
• All switching, instrumentation, alarm and control settings are fed in a computer program
which is easier to install, analyze and maintain.
• The risk of faulty connections is reduced considerably.
• The installation provides more clarity thus facilitating a fast and simple error diagnostic.
• Future modifications can be introduced easily without disturbing operation of the plant.
The power plant will be controlled by the powerhouse control room and data will be
transferred to National Power Plant Control Centre for monitoring purposes. The control
system will consist of the following elements:-
One centralized Plant Control System (PCS) with six Unit Control Systems (UCS) and a
Data Communication System (DCS).
Manual operation of the plants and equipment by their local control panel will always be
possible.
The mechanical, electrical and hydraulic protection systems offered will be independent of the
control system.
11.8.1 Plant Control System (PCS)
The PCS has been planned to be installed in the control room which will be equipped with,
• An elevated floor for cables distribution.
• Air conditioning.
• A galvanic isolated power supply equipped with overvoltage devices.
The PCS will allow an overall control and monitoring of the plant. Process control like
command procedures, interlocking routines etc., are handled by the UCS, so that no failure in
PCS will disturb operation of the plant.
The control system software will be capable of operating under following three modes
satisfactorily,
a) Load controlled operation with time- dependent functions, used for standard operation of
ponding and peaking.
b) Water level controlled operation, aiming to keep water level in the intake reservoir constant at
a defined level.
c) Operation on an isolated grid to cater for remote villages supply, used in case of interruption to
the national grid.
The PCS will distribute the load between the units to maintain optimum power production or to
meet other specification criteria.
11.8.2 Unit Control Systems (UCS)
The UCS’s have been planned to be employed for process control of the following units:-
• UCS1 Generating Unit 1
• UCS2 Generating Unit 2
• UCS3 Auxiliary System
• UCS4 132 kV Switchyard
• UCS5 Intake& Desander Functions
The UCSs will co-ordinate and perform the operational tasks commanded by the PCS.
The UCSs will comprise Programmable Logic Control (PLC) based on microprocessor
technology, and should perform all functions for accessing, analyzing and acting on the
information received from the process and equipment.
11.8.2.1 Unit Control System for the Generating Units (UCS1 & UCS2)
The UCS for the generating units will be programmed for automatic start and stop procedures
for the units, including synchronization and parallel operations. However operation and
functions of the voltage regulators and the turbine governors will be independent from UCS.
The initiated procedure will be carried out in sequence. All command actions and sequence of
operations together with the immediate status will be transferred to the PCS.
11.8.2.2 Unit Control System for the Station Auxiliary Supply (UCS3)
The UCS will supervise the plant auxiliary power supply system and provide automatic
switching to the available power sources according to an agreed priority schedule. In addition
to the auxiliary power supply system, the UCS will supervise the drainage pumps, ventilation
system, the cooling water pumps, the water chilled system, lighting and small power etc. The
firefighting system will have an independent conventional control system.
11.8.2.3 Unit Control System for 132 kV Switchyard (UCS4)
The UCS and the protection relays will be located on the powerhouse generator floor. The UCS
will be interconnected with the control panels for 132 kV and 11 kV power supplies and the
protection relay panels.
11.8.2.4 Unit Control System for the Intake (UCS5)
The UCS will be located in the intake gate house and it will supervise the standby diesel
generating unit, the auxiliary power supply, the gates as well as signals from the intake to the
powerhouse and the water level controller.
And also one PLC unit will be installed at desander chamber to monitor the flushing gate
operation and operations will be displayed in intake and powerhouse control room.
For security reasons, the flushing gates will be manually operated at site but signals for “open /
closed” will be recorded in the PCS.
11.8.3 Communication between the PCS and UCSs
The various nodes of the control system will communicate via a dual redundant high speed data
link. To ensure maximum noise immunity fiber optic cables will be provided and will be
segregated from each other as much as feasible e.g. on different cable trays.
The communication layout will be an Ethernet bus system with TCP / IP protocol.
11.8.4 Manual Control Mode
The UCSs could be put out of automatic operation for full featured manual operation of all units.
In this mode each operation will be performed locally on each device.
In addition, manual operation will be performed directly on the equipment, i.e. on the generating
units, switchgear panels, motor control centers (MCCs) etc., and all monitoring and control must
then be done locally from the UCS mimic panel. The design of the local control panels will
include equipment for indicating status and control of major parts such as generator, turbine,
breakers, switches, control of alarm level set point, etc.
Start, stop and other control of the generating units will be possible by manual operation.
Synchronization of each unit and parallel operation of all three units will be possible in manual
control mode from a separate synchronization cubicle with all necessary instruments and manual
control facilities. The monitoring and control will be facilitated by means of the control panels for
the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and the turbine governor.
An independent emergency stop function for the generating units will be installed for use in the
event of a severe fault, e.g. fire or flooding. The emergency stop function will be initiated by
the emergency stop push buttons which will be installed in the control room and on the UCS
panels.
11.8.5 Synchronising
11.8.5.1 Automatic Synchroniser

i. A solid-state automatic synchronizer for each unit, to automatically synchronize and connect
the generators to the power system via the unit132 kV circuit-breakers will be provided.
ii. The automatic synchronizing equipment will be mounted on the unit control panel.
iii. A check synchronizing relay for each unit, which will be arranged to prevent closing
pulses from the auto-synchronizer reaching the circuit breaker if the phase angle difference
at that time is greater than nominal 5 degrees will be provided. Operation of the auto-
synchronizer circuit breaker closing pulse without the check synchronizing relay operating
will lockout the auto-synchronizer and initiate an urgent alarm.
11.8.5.2 Manual Synchronizing Facilities

i. A manual synchronizing for each turbine generator unit in the power station control room
will be provided.
ii. All hardwired voltage and speed control signals of the Project Plant units on the above
console, to enable the operators to adjust the voltage and speed of the unit during manual
synchronizing, will be provided.
11.9 Illumination and Small Power

It has been planned that adequate indoor and outdoor lighting with illumination levels in
accordance with recognized standards will be provided for powerhouse, switchyard and intake.
Inside the powerhouse, an emergency lighting system powered from the station battery bank will
be installed.
AC lighting and small power sockets outlets, for 230 VAC will be single-phase connected
between phase and neutral of the 400 VAC system.
Normal Lighting:
It has been recommended that the normal lighting system will be designed to provide the
following illumination levels for the different areas of activity:
Type of area Illumination level
Outdoor:
Areas with common staff traffic 25 Lux
Other areas, as dam intake area 20 Lux
Indoor:
Offices, control rooms, switchgear rooms 400 Lux
Storage room, corridors, etc 150 Lux
Cable gallery 50 Lux
Equipment rooms 150 Lux
Machine hall, etc 150 Lux
The following outdoor areas will be illuminated:
Intake Area:
Access road
Intake and trash rack
Dam crest
Gates
Reservoir surface upstream
River surface downstream
Powerhouse Area:
Access road
Switchyard
Tail water Gates
River surface
Indoor lighting will be installed in all rooms. The machine hall will be provided on both long
walls with a chain of fluorescent lamps which are used for normal access. During
maintenance and repair jobs on a unit, additional portable lamps will be used where necessary.
The control room will have intensity controlled illumination, so that it might be adapted to
special situations. Special attention will be paid to avoid reflections on monitor screens.
Fluorescent light fittings are preferred everywhere indoor where they are feasible. High pressure
sodium vapour lamps with built in control gear which are economical and long lasting will be
installed outdoors. In order to reduce the number of equipment types and sizes which have to be
stocked as spares, there must be standardization of both lamps and fittings. This will result in
relatively few varieties.
The illumination level for the emergency lighting will be at least 10 Lux in the entire
powerhouse area except control room and unit control panel area. The illumination level of 30
Lux will be specified in those areas.
Portable battery handsets will be made available for additional lighting during maintenance
works, e.g. in case of AC failure. These will be located at various important places in the
powerhouse, switchyard and intake structures.
Exit lights will be installed above doors, staircases and floors along the emergency exit
ways and those will be powered by the uninterruptible power system in the event of failure of
auxiliary power supply.
• Emergency Lighting:
In normal operation, it will be directly powered from the 400 VAC essential switchboards.
When plant auxiliary supply fails following will occur,
The first 60 seconds, energy supply will be taken over by the uninterruptible power supply
system. After 60 seconds, the supply will be obtained from the emergency diesel generator unit
(Emergency load switchgear is separated from normal supply).
Both systems will have a main concept, common distributed “on / off” switches. Emergency
lighting will therefore not come on automatically in vacant rooms where the lights are off.
However, special consideration will be paid to areas containing “escape routes”.
11.10 DC System
The purpose of DC system is to provide a safe and reliable supply of power, control and protection
voltage for all primary functions. The system is independent of all other power systems and
ensures reliable execution of the control functions, both for normal operation and during possible
fault conditions.
For the power house it has been planned to install 110VDC systems as shown on the 110VDC
supply system for powerhouse drawing. 110VDC systems will be based on a duplicated supply
design.
Two independent 110 VDC battery banks, two chargers each with separate distribution switchgear
will be specified. There will be two local DC distribution bus bars fed by two DC systems.
110 VDC systems will mainly provide power to the complete plant control system, the
local control system, protection, unit initial excitation supply, switchyard control and protection,
the control voltage for the hardwired part of this system and DC equipment such as motors for
black start procedures.
Some instruments, protection devices or computer interfaces will need 24VDC or 48VDC supply.
In this case AC/DC converters should be used.
The 50 VDC system supplies the PLC communication equipment requirement as shown on 50
VDC supply system for telecommunication equipment drawing.
The DC distribution for the intake will be provided by one 110 VDC batteries and charger system
as shown on 110VDC supply system for intake are a drawing. DC power is mainly to the intake
Local Control System, the hardwired part of the system and particular functions like gate control
and level monitoring.
Dimensioning
The powerhouse 110VDC battery bank will guarantee the function of all vital elements to bridge
time limited power failure and to shut down and restart the plant safely.
110 VDC battery bank capacities will be established as follows:
Table 11-6: 110 VDC Battery Bank Capacities
Use Power (kW) Duration (h) Capacity (kWh)

Emergency Lighting
80 Spots each 20 W 1600 6 9.6
Plant Control System (PCS) 1000 24 24
38.4 (8 units of 200 W
Unit Control System (UCS) 1600 24
each)
Protection System 3000 1 3

1500
Auxiliary Power 11 kV 2 3
1500
Auxiliary Power 132 kV 2 3
Initial excitation 5
High pressure pumps for thrust bearings 3
Total 89kWh
Say 90 kWh
Voltage 110
Capacity 90000/110= 820 Ah
Efficiency and aging factor 0.7
Battery Capacity = 820/0.7 1171 Ah
Say 1200 Ah
The batteries will be installed, in a separate, specially ventilated room, on racks.
The battery charger will be dimensioned to re-charge the batteries in 5 hours’ time. Its capacity
will be:
1200 Ah x 110 V / 5 h x 0.8 =33 kW
50 VDC battery bank capacities for PLC communication equipment will be established as follows:
Table 11-7: 50 VDC battery bank capacities
Use Capacity (kWh)
Communication equipment 9
Voltage 50 V
Capacity 9000 / (50 x 0.7) = 257.1 Ah
Say 258 Ah
258 Ah x 50 V / 5 h x 0.8=
Battery charger capacity
3.225 kW
Say 3.5 kW
Intake Battery
At the intake another 110 VDC battery bank will be installed with the following:
Table 11-8: Specifications of 110 VDC battery bank
Use Power(W) Duration(h) Capacity(kWh)
Lighting 200 6 1.2
Control 150 48 7.2
Telecom 50 48 2.4
Capacity
Hydraulic 4
Others 3
Total 17.8 kWh
Say 18 kWh
Voltage 110 V
Capacity 18000 / 110 x 0.7 = 234 Ah
Say 250 Ah
Battery charger capacity 250 Ah x 110 V / 5 h x
Battery Type
Batteries will be of the lead-acid, high performance plant type, with transparent containers.
Charger Type
The battery chargers have been planned to be thyristor controlled, automatic, constant voltage type
with current limiting facilities, employing dry type, full wave, silicon controlled rectifiers and plug
in modules.
Battery Fuses and Fuse Box
Each battery bank has been planned to be protected by a lockable fused load break switch installed
in the totally enclosed box with hinged door locked outside the battery room in the adjacent
charger room. Fuses will be quick acting, current limiting type and will be provided with suitable
arrangement to activate an alarm circuit when they are blown, alternatively molded case circuit
breakers (MCCB) can be considered.
110VDC Distribution Panel Board
The 110 VDC distribution panel board has been planned to be a free standing or wall mounted
cabinet with vertical insulated copper bus and bus-bracing. Adequate number of molded case
circuit breakers will be provided for required branch circuits including spare circuits. The
incoming power from the DC battery will be terminated at the bus by means of main bays only.
11.11 Black Start Option
Emergency Diesel Generator Sets
One no. 300kVA diesel generator set shall be provided to feed essential station load in case of
outage of generating units. This will be connected to Low voltage switchgear board at P/H and a
60kVA DG Set for intake and will supply power supply to essential auxiliaries of the units,
required for restart of units and at intake of emergency gate operation, battery chargers to avoid
discharge of batteries in case of prolonged power failure and selected emergency lights. The
diesel generator will be standard 400volts, 4 wires, 50Hz, Auto start type. It will provide by two
battery chargers, one for keeping it s batteries charged when the set is not in operation and one
charging these during the operation of set. The diesel generator shall be supplied with a local
control panel which shall include all facilities for remote, auto start and control by the station
control system (SCS) as well as facilities for manual starting and loading.
The diesel generators set will be installed in a properly ventilated room, equipped with fire
detection and firefighting arrangements.
11.12 Main Earthing System
An earthing system will be installed in the powerhouse and 132kV switchyard in a manner that
will limit the effect of ground potential gradients to safe levels for people and equipment under
normal and fault conditions. As a result of the flow of fault current through soil, potential
gradients are established on the surface of the ground. The potential difference between the two
points of contact, which may be encountered because of these gradients have been defined by
IEEE and others as transfer potentials, touch and step potentials and mesh potentials. It has been
planned that the earthing system will be designed in accordance with IEEE 80: 2000 guideline to
reduce the value of these potentials to within recognized tolerance (safe) values.
The earthing systems are an integral part of the powerhouse and switchyard, functions as a
system that, Protect the personnel and public from dangerous potentials such as transferred
potentials, step potentials and mesh potentials during both normal operating and maximum
ground fault conditions.
• Provides connection to ground for non-current carrying parts of the electrical equipment and
for power equipment neutrals.
• Facilitates clearing of ground faults through protective system.
• Dissipates static charges and induced current from current carrying lines or parts thereof that
need to be worked on.
• Dissipates lighting discharges.
There are two types of earthing conductors in the powerhouse namely embedded earthing
conductors in the concrete and surface copper earthing conductors.
Embedded Earthing Conductors
The main (powerhouse) earthing grid will comprise a network of embedded earthing conductors
(reinforcing bars). The bars comprising the network will be welded together.
These reinforcing bars will be additional to the structural reinforcing bar. Suitable connections
of the reinforcing bar will be effected at contraction joints. The penstocks, draft tube suction
cone, draft tube gate frame, main transformer rails, crane rails, support structures, turbine
support rings will be connected to the embedded earth grid. From this grid there will be linking
bars welded to galvanized steel stub plates at defined distances, cast into the outer surface of the
concrete. A network of surface copper earthing conductors connected to these plates will be
provided to enable the earthing points of electrical equipment frames to be connected to the
station earth grid. Following design criteria will be adopted for selection of embedded earthing
bars.
• The designated earthing bar should generally be plain round bar so that it can easily be
inspected whereas the structural reinforcements are deformed bars.
• All earthing bars will share the fault current, however the bar nearest the fault point may
take up to 1/3 of the fault current until it reaches the first branch point.
• To prevent excessive expansion inside the concrete the steel temperature rise should not
exceed 300°C.
• For design purposes it is assumed that there is no heat loss from the steel during the fault.
Surface Copper Earthing Conductors
Surface Copper earthing bus-bars will be provided as required in the powerhouse for earth
connections to equipment. The main copper bus-bars will be connected to the embedded
earthing grid via stub plates.
All electrical equipment and exposed metalwork will be connected to the earth grid through
surface copper earthing conductors. All pipe work, cable trays and similar metalwork will be
connected to earth at both ends, except for the IPB enclosure, which will be earthed at one end
only (to constrain normal return currents to the IPB enclosure).
Following design criteria will be adopted for selection of surface earthing conductors,
• The design will be based on the estimated fault current without a safety factor.
• Faults will be shared by at least 2 earthing conductors
• Copper temperature rise should not exceed 200°C.
• For design purposes it is assumed that there is no heat loss from the conductors during the
fault.
Main and branch earthing copper bus-bars will form the surface earthing conductors. On each floor
in the powerhouse, in the intake area, in switchgear rooms and in other rooms containing electrical
installations, a main protective earthing bus-bar will be provided, to enable connection of all
equipment to the earthing electrode system.
All risers from the earthing electrode system will be connected to the main earthing busbars (at
minimum 30 m interval sand at least 2 risers to each bar) by removable screw connections.
The conductors for the main earthing bus bars will be of electrolytic flat copper bar with a cross-
section not less than 150 mm2.
With the exception of the earthing bars and internal connections in panels and boards, all other
earth conductors will consist of electrolytic, stranded copper conductors. For connection to other
metal parts, the ends of such conductors will be fitted with cable lugs, rigidly fastened to the earth
conductor by means of a hydraulic press. Inter connections between earth conductors are to be
performed with straight joints or T-joints terminated in the same manner. The branch earthing
2
copper conductors will not be less than 75 mm .
The conductors will be reliably protected against mechanical damage and corrosion.
The powerhouse embedded and surface earthing grid and132 kV switchyard earthing grid will be
interconnected by a removable link and will achieve an earth resistance less than 1 ohm relative to
remote earth at 50Hz.
Moreover few stub plates at intake that connected to the embedded earthing conductors in the
water conduit, from intake to powerhouse will be installed. The main earthing bus bar of the intake
will be connected to these stub plates to interconnect with the power house earthing system.
11.13 Telecommunication and Station Clocks
11.13.1 Powerhouse Communication
A communication system consisting of Local Area Network (LAN), digital telephone system
(PAX/PABX), VHF radio systems and station clocks will be provided for communicating the
power house with intake, switchyard, and residential camp and outside.
A digital telephone network has been planned to be installed in the powerhouse to cover the entire
plant (powerhouse, switchyard, intake, the residential camp and outside).
Each generating unit will include at least one noise cancelling telephone per floor. And also step
up transformer area will be provided with noise cancelling telephone sets. The outside telephones
will be weather proof and installed in the switchyard and other appropriate locations. All offices,
workshops, ventilation rooms, battery charger rooms etc, in the power house will be provided with
telephone extensions from the digital telephone system.
11.13.2 Powerhouse Intake Communication
A fiber optic cable clamped to the 11 kV feeder from powerhouse to intake has been planned to be
used for communication purpose. This will have advantages in reliability, quantity of information
which can be transmitted and most important no problems with electro-magnetic compatibility
which outweighs by far its higher price.
A backup digital radio communication link will be provided from powerhouse to intake for
communication and protection purposes.
11.13.3 External Communication
WAPDA uses Power Line Carrier (PLC) for its communications between powerhouses and the
load dispatch centre. The coupling is done between one phase and earth which makes it necessary
to install for each communication line, one line trap and one coupling capacitor at each terminal.
The location of the equipment will be partially in the switchyard and partially in the area of the
control room. The 50 VDC communication supply will provide necessary power when there is a
power failure in the normal auxiliary supply.
This system will give the possibility for voice and signal transmission on 132kV line between the
remote powerhouse and the load dispatch center.
The control room will be additionally connected to the public telephone system to guarantee the
communication with the power plant in case of failure of the PLC system. Radio communication to
Chitral should be added for additional reliability and security.
11.13.4 Station Clocks
A station clock system will be provided to ensure constant time keeping a cross the plant. A master
clock will use local time and be synchronized using the Global Positioning System (GPS). The
master clock will run slave clocks installed at key locations around the powerhouse especially on
the generating unit panels.
11.14 Video Supervision
A video supervision system for the power plant and intake area has been planned. In the intake
area there will be three cameras, with 320 degree viewing angle for the main gate and two others
for the gravel and sand flushing gate. The signals will be transferred via communication link to the
centralized supervision panel in the control room. The supply will be un-interruptible through 110
VDC systems.
In the powerhouse area several cameras will be installed to supervise all entrance facilities and
the switchyard. Six small monitors with required control panel will be installed in the control
room. All signals will be transferred to the control room for monitoring and control purpose.
During critical phase, each of the signals can be switched to one large TV screen, placed in the
same area as the small screens, for better viewing. The power will be made available from the 110
VDC systems.

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CHAPTER: 11

DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

The equipment will mainly consist of:

11.2 Basic Design Criteria

• IEC International Electro technical Commission

• AWS American Welding Society

Available relevant Pakistani standards and codes will be considered.

11.2.2 Voltage Considerations

The IEC standard defines three voltage classes as follows:

11.2.3 Insulation Co-ordination

WAPDA standards in accordance with IEC therefore have to be taken in to consideration.

11.2.4 Short Circuit Withstand

11.2.5 DC Source Requirements for Controls

The following DC systems have been studied and recommended:

• For protection, control and DC operating mechanism of motors, 110 VDC

11.2.6 AC Source Requirements for Unit and Station Services

power supplies within the following limits:

• Nominal 400/230 VAC.

11.2.7 Protection and Co-ordination Philosophy

The primary objectives of electrical system protection and co-ordination are to

11.2.8 Equipment Location

Major electrical equipment such as transformers, switchgear assemblies, switchboards, and

11.2.9 Equipment Enclosures

enclosures will provide a degree of protection not less than IP 54.

11.2.10 Codes and standards

11.2.11 Name Plates and Markings

• IEC 60034: Rotating electrical machines

11.3.2 Generator Main Design Features

Main data of the generators is as follows:

Table 11-1 : Main Data of Generators

11.3.3 Shaft, Rotor and Rotor Winding

11.3.4 Stator Core and Winding

11.3.5 Generator Bearings and Cooling System

Vibration detectors and temperature detectors will be provided.

11.3.6 Generator Brakes and Jacking System

11.3.7 Cooling and Heating

11.3.8 Excitation System

11.3.9 Voltage Regulator

• Instantaneous field current (surge) limiter.

11.3.10 Excitation Transformer

11.3.11 Isolated Phase Bus Ducts (IPB)

The characteristics of the proposed bus duct system will be as follows:

• Number of bus bar systems 2

11.3.12 Fire Protection System

11.3.13 Transport Considerations

11.4.1 11/132 kV Step-up Transformers

11.4.1.1 Main Design Features

The Rating of Transformers is shown in Table 11-2:

Table 11-2: Rating of Transformers

Nominal Rating 20MVA (three -phase

No. of step-up transformers 2

High voltage side 132 KV

Low voltage side 11 KV

Power factor 0.85

Temperature Rise 55-65o C

Vector Group YD11

Tapings on HV side +_2*2.5%

Tap Changer Off load

11.4.1.2 Technical Description

11.4.1.3 Cooling system of Step up Transformer

11.4.1.4 Protection and Monitoring

11.4.1.5 Fire Protection

11.4.1.6 Transformer Explosion and Fire Protection

11.4.2 Auxiliary Transformers