1

Hypothesis Testing for One Sample

Proportion p Mean μ (with 𝝈 Known)
Use Standard Normal (Z) Use Standard Normal (Z)
Verify either of the following two conditions are met:
Verify that the sampling distribution can be approximated by a normal distribution.
A) The population is normally distributed or
𝑛𝑝̂ ≥ 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑞� ≥ 5
B) The sample size is at least 30, n ≥ 30
Step 1: Determine the Null 𝑯𝟎 & Alternative 𝑯𝒂 hypotheses Step 1: Determine 𝑯𝟎 & 𝑯𝒂
𝐻0 : 𝑝 = 𝑝0 𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 𝜇0
𝐻𝑎 : 𝑝 < 𝑝0 (Left-Tailed Test) 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 < 𝜇0 (Left-Tailed Test)
𝑝 > 𝑝0 (Right-Tailed Test) 𝜇 > 𝜇0 (Right-Tailed Test)
𝑝 ≠ 𝑝0 (Two-tailed Test) 𝜇 ≠ 𝜇0 (Two-Tailed Test)

Step 2: Calculate the Test Statistics Step 2: Calculate the Test Statistic
𝑝̂ − 𝑝 𝑥̅ − 𝜇
𝑍= 𝑍 =
𝑝𝑞 𝜎/√𝑛
�
𝑛

Step 3: Use the Critical Value Method or P-Value method. Step 3: Use the Critical Value Method or P-Value method.
Critical Value Method P-Value Method
Find the critical value and determine the critical region (Same as Step 3 for Proportions Test)
Level of Left-Tailed Right-Tailed Two-Tailed -For a left-tailed test
Significance Test Test Test P = (Area in left tail).
α

Zα = −1.28 Zα = 1.28 Zα /2 = ±1.645 -For a right-tailed test

0.10
P = (Area in right tail).

0.05 Zα = −1.645 Zα = 1.645 Zα /2 = ±1.96 -For a two-tailed test

P = 2(Area in one tail).
0.02 Zα = −2.05 Zα = 2.05 Zα /2 = ±2.33

0.01 Zα = −2.33 Zα = 2.33 Zα /2 = ±2.58 Step 4: Conclusion

Step 4: Conclusion
If test statistics Z falls in the
rejection region, then reject 𝐻0 .
Otherwise, fail to Reject 𝐻0
If test statistics Z falls in the If P-value ≤ α , then reject H0.
rejection region, then reject 𝐻0 . Otherwise, fail to reject H0
If P-value ≤ α , then reject H0. Otherwise, fail to Reject 𝐻0
Otherwise, fail to reject H0
USING TI-83/TI-84

USING TI-83/TI-84STATS  TESTS  1-PropZTest  ENTER CALCULATE - You STATS  TESTS  ZTest  ENTER CALCULATE - You
will obtain the test statistic Z and the P-value. will obtain the test statistic Z and the P-value.
 2

Mean μ (with 𝝈 Unknown) Standard Deviation σ or Variance 𝝈𝟐

Use the t-Distribution Use the Chi-Square Distribution 𝜒 2
Verify either of the following two conditions are met:
A) The population is normally distributed or Verify the population has a normal distribution
B)The sample size is at least 30, n ≥ 30
Step 1: Determine 𝑯𝟎 & 𝑯𝒂 Step 1: Determine 𝑯𝟎 & 𝑯𝒂
𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 𝜇0 𝐻0 : 𝜎 2 = 𝜎 2 0
𝐻𝑎 : 𝜇 < 𝜇0 (Left-Tailed Test) 𝐻𝑎 : 𝜎 2 < 𝜎 2 0 (Left-Tailed Test)
𝜇 > 𝜇0 2
(Right-Tailed Test) >𝜎 0 (Right-Tailed Test)
𝜇 ≠ 𝜇0 (Two-Tailed Test) ≠ 𝜎 20 (Two tailed Test)
Step 2: Calculate the Test Statistic
𝑥̅ − 𝜇 Step 2: Calculate the Test Statistic
𝑡 =
𝑠/√𝑛 2
(𝑛 − 1)𝑠 2
𝜒 =
𝜎2
Step 3: Use the Critical Value Method or P-Value method.
Critical Value Method P-Value Method (We can only Step 3: Use the Critical Value Method
Use the t-table with degrees of freedom find the P-value by using a TI- Critical Value Method P-Value Method
𝑑. 𝑓. = 𝑛 − 1 83/TI-84) Use the Chi-square table with It is difficult to find
𝑡𝛼/2 → two-tailed d.f. = degrees of freedom = 𝑛 − 1 the P-value even
𝑡𝛼 → one-tailed 2 with a using TI-
𝜒𝑅=𝛼 for a right-tailed test
• For a left –tailed test use negative 2
𝜒𝐿=1−𝛼 for a left-tailed test
83/TI-84. We use
• For a right-tailed test use positive 2 2 the Critical Value
𝜒𝑅=𝛼/2 & 𝜒𝐿=1−𝛼/2 for a two-tailed Method.
• For a two-tailed test use both ±
test
Step 4: Conclusion
Step 4: Conclusion
If test statistic t, falls in the
If P-value ≤ α , then reject H0.
rejection region, then reject 𝐻0 .
Otherwise, Fail to Reject 𝐻0
Otherwise, fail to reject H0 If test statistic 𝜒 2 falls in the If P-value ≤ α; then reject H0.
rejection region reject 𝐻0 Otherwise, fail to reject H0
USING TI-83/TI-84 Otherwise, fail to Reject 𝐻0
STATS  TESTS  T-Test  ENTER  CALCULATE - You will obtain the test
statistic t and the P-value. USING TI-83/TI-84
We can’t use the calculator for this test.