11.

TRANSVERSE ANALYSIS
11.1 INTRODUCTION

The following pages deal with the transverse analysis of the PSC Box Superstructure

In the transverse direction , the box girder has been analysed as RCC section. The box has been
analysed for transverse bending using plane frame analysis of the box frame by considering its unit
width. The box frame used for analysis along with the support condition is as given below.

hinge roller

The overall width of the box is 12m with a carraigeway width of 9 m with 0.5m railing, 1.5m footpath
and two end crash barriers
The box frame is analysed with STAAD Pro. Dead load is applied using the self wt command of STAAD
pro.. Live load is moved between face of crash barriers with specified clearances (as per IRC codes)
and corresponding maximum moments are calculated.

Differential temperature variation across the depth produces axial forces in the deck and the soffit.
These introduce secondary moments in the frame structure.
IDEALIZATION OF THE FRAMED STRUCTURE

The cross-section details of the box is given below along with the node nos and member nos of the
idealized frame structure.

The properties for the various member is listed below

Member Properties

Member 2nd Avg

1st Node Thickness Thickness
No Node Thickness
1 1 0.200 2 0.200 0.200
2 2 0.200 3 0.200 0.200
3 3 0.200 4 0.340 0.270
4 4 0.340 5 0.340 0.340
5 5 0.340 6 0.400 0.370
6 6 0.400 7 0.250 0.325
7 7 0.250 8 0.250 0.250
8 8 0.250 9 0.250 0.250
9 9 0.250 10 0.400 0.325
10 10 0.400 11 0.340 0.370
11 11 0.340 12 0.340 0.340
12 12 0.340 13 0.200 0.270
13 13 0.200 14 0.200 0.200
14 14 0.200 15 0.200 0.200

Member 2nd Avg

1st Node Thickness Thickness
No Node Thickness
1001 5 0.400 1001 0.350 0.375
1002 1001 0.350 1002 0.350 0.350
1003 1002 0.350 1003 0.450 0.400
1004 1003 0.450 1004 0.450 0.450
1005 1004 0.450 1005 0.300 0.375
1006 1005 0.300 1006 0.300 0.300
1007 1006 0.300 1007 0.300 0.300
1008 1007 0.300 1008 0.450 0.375
1009 1008 0.450 1009 0.450 0.450
1010 1009 0.450 1010 0.350 0.400
1011 1010 0.350 1011 0.350 0.350
1012 1011 0.350 12 0.400 0.375
LOAD ANALYSIS

Dead load Analysis

Dead load is taken as per the self wt command of STAAD based on the member thickness. For
members having variable thickness, average thickness has been adopted

SIDL Analysis
The following are the various superimposed loads
Crash barrier load 0.75 t/m
Wearing course load 0.2 t/m2

Live load Analysis

The following are the cases for which live load analysis has been done.

One lane Class A (11.4 t axles) designated as 1LCLA

40 T Boggie Type "l" axle designated as 40TBL

40 T Boggie Type "m" axle designated as 40TBM

70 R tracked vehicle designated as 70R tracked

Live load is moved between face of crash barrier with specified clearances (as per IRC codes). Each of
the above cases is shifted by 0.1m to generate one load case.The vehicle is shifted until all possible
positions of the vehicles in the transverse direction are analysed. To get the effect of two trains placed
tranversely all possible load combination placed beyond the minimum spacing are added to get the
most adverse effect.

For these vehicle the effective width of distribution due to each wheel at every location is calculated as
per clause B3.2 of IRC 112: 2011. In case of overlap of the effective width the resultant effective width
for the two loads is taken . Dispersion along the span is taken equal to the dimension of the tyre contact
area plus twice the overall depth of the slab inclusive of the thickness of the wearing course. Based on
the effective width the concentrated wheel load is converted to uniformly distributed load and applied on
the effected members
TEMPERATURE VARIATION FORCES

The temperature gradient diagram for rise and fall case is shown below :
Tempreture Rise

o o
17.80 C -10.60 C
250 150

200 250
o
4.00 C -0.7
o
C

3.6

250 200
-0.8
150

o
2.1 C -6.60

( Temp. Rise) ( Temp. Fall)

2
E = 3.568E+06 t/m
.
0
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion = 1.20E-05 / C
for Concrete

Strain due to temp. rise/fall at any = at

location

Corresponding Stress = Eat

Temperature Rise Case

Deck Members
Member Thickness Stress 1 Stress 2 Stress 3 T1 F1 F1cg F2 F2 cg Total Ecc
No (mm) (t/m2) (t/m2) (t/m2) (mm) (t) (m) (t) (m) force (t) (m)
1 200.0 762.08 171.25 137.00 50.0 70.0 0.059 7.7 0.174 77.7 -0.029
2 200.0 762.08 171.25 137.00 50.0 70.0 0.059 7.7 0.174 77.7 -0.029
3 270.0 762.08 171.25 89.05 120.0 70.0 0.059 15.6 0.204 85.6 -0.049
4 340.0 762.08 171.25 41.10 190.0 70.0 0.059 20.2 0.226 90.2 -0.074
5 370.0 762.08 171.25 20.55 220.0 70.0 0.059 21.1 0.231 91.1 -0.086
6 325.0 762.08 171.25 51.38 175.0 70.0 0.059 19.5 0.222 89.5 -0.068
7 250.0 762.08 171.25 102.75 100.0 70.0 0.059 13.7 0.196 83.7 -0.043
8 250.0 762.08 171.25 102.75 100.0 70.0 0.059 13.7 0.196 83.7 -0.043
9 325.0 762.08 171.25 51.38 175.0 70.0 0.059 19.5 0.222 89.5 -0.068
10 370.0 762.08 171.25 20.55 220.0 70.0 0.059 21.1 0.231 91.1 -0.086
11 340.0 762.08 171.25 41.10 190.0 70.0 0.059 20.2 0.226 90.2 -0.074
12 270.0 762.08 171.25 89.05 120.0 70.0 0.059 15.6 0.204 85.6 -0.049
13 200.0 762.08 171.25 137.00 50.0 70.0 0.059 7.7 0.174 77.7 -0.029
14 200.0 762.08 171.25 137.00 50.0 70.0 0.059 7.7 0.174 77.7 -0.029
15 200.0 762.08 171.25 137.00 50.0 70.0 0.059 7.7 0.174 77.7 -0.029
16 200.0 762.08 171.25 137.00 50.0 70.0 0.059 7.7 0.174 77.7 -0.029
Stress 1
150 F1cg
Stress 2 F1
F2cg
T1 F2
Stress 3

Soffit Member
Member Thickness Stress 5 Stress 4 F3cg Ecc
2 2 F3 (t)
No (mm) (t/m ) (t/m ) (m) (m)
1004 450 89.91 0.00 6.7 0.050 0.18
1005 375 89.91 0.00 6.7 0.050 0.14
1006 300 89.91 0.00 6.7 0.050 0.1
1007 300 89.91 0.00 6.7 0.050 0.1
1008 375 89.91 0.00 6.7 0.050 0.14
1009 450 89.91 0.00 6.7 0.050 0.18

Stress 4

F3
Stress 5 F3cg

Temperature Fall Case

Deck Members
Member Thickness Stress 1 Stress 2 Stress 3 T2 F1 F1cg F2 F2 cg Total Ecc
No (mm) (t/m2) (t/m2) (t/m2) (mm) (t) (m) (t) (m) force (t) (m)
1 200.0 -453.82 -114.74 0.00 200.0 -56.9 0.080 0 0.200 -56.9 0.020
2 200.0 -453.82 -114.74 0.00 200.0 -56.9 0.080 0 0.200 -56.9 0.020
3 270.0 -453.82 -29.97 -26.97 250.0 -60.5 0.088 -0.6 0.260 -61.1 0.045
4 340.0 -453.82 -29.97 -16.48 250.0 -60.5 0.088 -2.1 0.291 -62.6 0.075
5 370.0 -453.82 -29.97 -11.99 250.0 -60.5 0.088 -2.5 0.301 -63.0 0.088
6 325.0 -453.82 -29.97 -18.73 250.0 -60.5 0.088 -1.8 0.285 -62.3 0.068
7 250.0 -453.82 -29.97 0.00 250.0 -60.5 0.088 0 0.250 -60.5 0.037
8 250.0 -453.82 -29.97 0.00 250.0 -60.5 0.088 0 0.250 -60.5 0.037
9 325.0 -453.82 -29.97 -18.73 250.0 -60.5 0.088 -1.8 0.285 -62.3 0.068
10 370.0 -453.82 -29.97 -11.99 250.0 -60.5 0.088 -2.5 0.301 -63.0 0.088
11 340.0 -453.82 -29.97 -16.48 250.0 -60.5 0.088 -2.1 0.291 -62.6 0.075
12 270.0 -453.82 -29.97 -26.97 250.0 -60.5 0.088 -0.6 0.260 -61.1 0.045
13 200.0 -453.82 -114.74 0.00 200.0 -56.9 0.080 0 0.200 -56.9 0.020
14 200.0 -453.82 -114.74 0.00 200.0 -56.9 0.080 0 0.200 -56.9 0.020
15 200.0 -453.82 -114.74 0.00 200.0 -56.9 0.080 0 0.200 -56.9 0.020
16 200.0 -453.82 -114.74 0.00 200.0 -56.9 0.080 0 0.200 -56.9 0.020
Stress 1
T2 F1cg
Stress 2 F1
F2cg
F2
Stress 3
Soffit Member
Member Thickness Stress 6 Stress 5 Stress 4 T3 F3 F3cg F4 F4 cg Total Ecc
No (mm) (t/m2) (t/m2) (t/m2) (mm) (t) (m) (t) (m) force (t) (m)
1004 450 -282.57 -34.25 0.00 250.0 -39.6 0.092 -3.4 0.317 -43.0 -0.115
1005 375 -282.57 -34.25 -12.84 250.0 -39.6 0.092 -2.9 0.303 -42.5 -0.081
1006 300 -282.57 -34.25 -25.69 250.0 -39.6 0.092 -1.5 0.274 -41.1 -0.051
1007 300 -282.57 -34.25 -25.69 250.0 -39.6 0.092 -1.5 0.274 -41.1 -0.051
1008 375 -282.57 -34.25 -12.84 250.0 -39.6 0.092 -2.9 0.303 -42.5 -0.081
1009 450 -282.57 -34.25 0.00 250.0 -39.6 0.092 -3.4 0.317 -43.0 -0.115

Stress 4
F4
F4cg Stress 5

T3
F3
F3cg Stress 6
 LIVE LOAD GENERATION
INPUT FILE

SPAN 58
NO OF COORDINATE 17
JOINT MEMBER
JOINT NO MEMBER NO
COORDINATES THICKNESS
1 1 0.000 0.200
2 2 0.250 0.200
3 3 1.500 0.270
4 4 3.000 0.340
5 5 3.111 0.370
6 6 3.383 0.325
7 7 4.083 0.250
8 8 6.300 0.250
9 9 8.516 0.325
10 10 9.217 0.370
11 11 9.489 0.340
12 12 9.600 0.270
13 13 11.100 0.200
14 14 11.750 0.200
15 12.000 0.200

NO OF SUPPORT 2 NO OF SPAN 3
JOINT SPAN
JOINT NO SPAN NO TYPE
COORDINATE LENGTH
5 3.111 1 3.383 0
11 9.489 2 6.217 2
3 3.383 0
WEARING THICKNESS 0.065
NO OF LOAD TYPE 4
LOAD TYPE 1 1LCLA
NO OF WHEELS 2
START POSITION 0.85
INCREMENTS 0.1
NO OF GENERATION 89
IMPACT FACTOR 0.48 0.37 0.48

WHEEL NO. WHEEL LOAD WT WL SL ST

1 5.7 0.5 0.25 1.2 0
2 5.7 0.5 0.25 1.2 1.8

LOAD TYPE 2 40TBL

NO OF WHEELS 4
START POSITION 2.13
INCREMENTS 0.1
NO OF GENERATION 58
IMPACT FACTOR 0.25 0.25 0.25

WHEEL NO WHEEL LOAD WT WL SL ST

1 5 0.36 0.263 1.22 0
2 5 0.36 0.263 1.22 0.45
3 5 0.36 0.263 1.22 1.93
4 5 0.36 0.263 1.22 2.38

LOAD TYPE 3 40TBM

NO OF WHEELS 4
START POSITION 2.13
INCREMENTS 0.1
NO OF GENERATION 58
IMPACT FACTOR 0.25 0.25 0.25

WHEEL NO WHEEL LOAD WT WL SL ST

1 5 0.36 0.263 1.22 0
2 5 0.36 0.263 1.22 0.795
3 5 0.36 0.263 1.22 1.585
4 5 0.36 0.263 1.22 2.38

LOAD TYPE 4 70R TRACKED

NO OF WHEELS 2 Uniform
START POSITION 2.07
INCREMENTS 0.1
NO OF GENERATION 58
IMPACT FACTOR 0.25 0.204 0.25

WHEEL NO WHEEL LOAD WT WL SL ST

1 35 0.84 4.57 0 0
2 35 0.84 4.57 0 2.06
 Hogging moments due to live loads

1LCLA 2LCLA 40TBL 40TBM 70R TRACKED

Node
No Load No. Moment Load No. Moment Total
Load No. Moment Load No. Moment Load No. Moment Load No. Moment
1 No. 1 2 No. 2 Moment

tm tm tm tm tm tm tm
3 1 2.55 1 2.55 - 0.00 2.55 - 0.00 - 0.00 206 0.10
4 1 11.82 1 11.82 - 0.00 11.82 90 6.47 148 5.61 206 7.96
6 5 6.92 5 6.92 40 3.90 10.81 95 7.70 150 7.26 234 10.14
7 1 4.90 1 4.90 50 1.64 6.54 95 3.33 149 2.74 242 4.23
8 1 0.61 1 0.61 89 0.54 1.15 90 -0.33 148 -0.29 206 -0.36
1001 1 6.20 1 6.20 88 4.72 10.92 147 1.34 205 1.01 206 -0.65
1002 5 6.63 5 6.63 - 0.00 6.63 95 4.46 149 4.51 206 3.76
1004 5 6.86 5 6.86 51 0.41 7.27 95 5.47 150 5.43 206 4.21
1005 5 5.97 5 5.97 51 0.41 6.37 95 4.82 150 4.77 206 3.68
1007 88 5.96 41 0.41 88 5.96 6.37 145 4.57 205 3.89 263 2.32
 DESIGN MOMENTS - Hogging

Support
Start of Support Haunch Web Soffit Soffit Soffit mid
Section cantilver Mid span Web top
Haunch span side end bottom edge haunch span
side
DL 0.56 2.45 2.25 1.01 0.93 0.00 1.48 1.58 1.03 0.94
SIDL 0.94 2.06 0.31 0.28 0.28 1.66 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00
WC 0.10 0.62 0.68 0.30 0.27 0.00 0.08 0.11 0.10 0.10
Utilities 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
FPLL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Plan bending 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Temp. Rise 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.54 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00
Temp. Fall 0.00 0.00 2.16 2.16 2.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Live Load 2.55 11.82 10.81 6.54 1.15 10.92 6.63 7.27 6.37 6.37

Start of Support Inner Soffit

Support Web Soffit Soffit mid
Hogging Moments Outer cantilver Haunch Mid span Web top haunch
span side bottom edge span
Haunch side end end
6.03 24.92 20.88 12.07 3.83 18.62 12.32 13.23 11.13 10.99
ULS load 6.03 24.92 20.88 12.07 3.83 21.81 12.64 13.23 11.13 10.99
combinations 6.03 24.92 22.82 14.02 5.77 18.62 12.32 13.23 11.13 10.99
(in Tm) 5.14 20.78 17.10 9.79 3.43 20.11 10.53 10.69 8.90 8.76
5.14 20.78 20.33 13.03 6.67 14.80 10.00 10.69 8.90 8.76
4.17 17.08 14.20 8.19 2.68 12.58 8.38 8.98 7.52 7.43
SLS load 4.17 17.08 14.20 8.19 2.68 14.70 8.59 8.98 7.52 7.43
combinations 4.17 17.08 15.50 9.48 3.98 12.58 8.38 8.98 7.52 7.43
(in Tm) 3.54 14.13 11.50 6.56 2.40 13.39 7.08 7.17 5.93 5.83
3.54 14.13 13.66 8.71 4.55 9.85 6.72 7.17 5.93 5.83
Quasi Permanent 1.62 5.26 3.39 1.65 1.54 1.66 1.75 1.72 1.15 1.06
load combinations 1.62 5.26 3.39 1.65 1.54 3.43 1.93 1.72 1.15 1.06
(in Tm) 1.62 5.26 4.47 2.73 2.62 1.66 1.75 1.72 1.15 1.06
 Sagging moments due to live loads

1LCLA 2LCLA 40TBL 40TBM 70R TRACKED

Node
No Load No. Moment Load No. Moment Total
Load No. Moment Load No. Moment Load No. Moment Load No. Moment
1 No. 1 2 No. 2 Moment

tm tm tm tm tm tm tm
3 14 0.00 14 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
4 27 0.00 27 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
6 88 -5.34 88 -5.34 - 0.00 -5.34 147 -1.77 205 -1.43 263 1.17
7 88 -3.96 88 -3.96 - 0.00 -3.96 145 -1.53 205 -1.25 263 0.48
8 41 -2.35 33 -1.89 68 -0.96 -2.85 127 -3.58 178 -3.98 232 -6.08
1001 34 -4.72 24 -4.59 59 -2.59 -7.17 108 -7.40 165 -7.53 232 -11.69
1002 88 -6.24 39 -0.26 88 -6.24 -6.50 145 -4.31 205 -3.60 263 -1.94
1004 88 -7.50 88 -7.50 - 0.00 -7.50 145 -4.89 205 -4.09 263 -1.92
1005 88 -6.61 88 -6.61 - 0.00 -6.61 145 -4.27 205 -3.56 263 -1.64
1007 5 -6.61 5 -6.61 - 0.00 -6.61 95 -4.46 149 -4.53 206 -3.73
 DESIGN MOMENTS - Sagging

Support
Start of Support Haunch Web Soffit Soffit Soffit mid
Section cantilver Mid span Web top
Haunch span side end bottom edge haunch span
side
DL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.04 -0.05 -0.06
WC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Utilities 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
FPLL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Plan bending 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Temp. Rise 0.00 0.00 -3.88 -3.88 -3.88 0.00 0.00 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09
Temp. Fall 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.13 -1.86 -1.82 -1.82 -1.82
Live Load 0.00 0.00 -5.34 -3.96 -6.08 -11.69 -6.50 -7.50 -6.61 -6.61

Start of Support Inner Soffit

Support Web Soffit Soffit mid
Sagging Moments Outer cantilver Haunch Mid span Web top haunch
span side bottom edge span
Haunch side end end
0.00 0.00 3.35 3.66 7.00 15.68 7.37 8.97 8.42 8.56
ULS load 0.00 0.00 6.84 7.16 10.50 15.68 7.37 9.06 8.51 8.64
combinations 0.00 0.00 3.35 3.66 7.00 17.60 9.04 10.61 10.06 10.19
(in Tm) 0.00 0.00 7.30 8.10 10.70 11.59 5.10 6.49 6.25 6.38
0.00 0.00 1.48 2.28 4.88 14.79 7.88 9.07 8.84 8.97
0.00 0.00 1.95 2.30 4.54 10.30 4.75 5.82 5.51 5.61
SLS load 0.00 0.00 4.28 4.63 6.87 10.30 4.75 5.88 5.57 5.67
combinations 0.00 0.00 1.95 2.30 4.54 11.58 5.86 6.91 6.60 6.70
(in Tm) 0.00 0.00 4.50 5.19 6.90 7.38 3.12 4.04 3.96 4.05
0.00 0.00 0.62 1.31 3.02 9.51 4.98 5.77 5.68 5.78
Quasi Permanent 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
load combinations 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
(in Tm) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Design of Box girder section
Grade of concrete M 45 Mean axial tensile strength of concrete 3.3 MPa
Grade of Steel Fe 500 Permissile compressive stress in concrete 21.6 MPa
Clear cover 40 mm Elastic Modulus of Concrete, Ecm 34000 MPa
Modular Ratio, Es/Ec 5.9 Elastic Modulus of Steel, Es 200000 MPa

Cantilever Cantilever
Section Location At Support span side At inner haunch face At Midspan
Haunch Support
0 1 2 2 3 3 4
Section type Hogging Hogging Hogging Sagging Hogging Sagging Sagging
Thickness of slab (mm) 200 340 400 400 250 250 250
Ultimate limit state, M/Mu 0.65 0.70 0.52 0.48 0.72 0.51 0.67
Check for distribution steel 0.37 0.81 0.74 0.29 0.84 0.46 0.61
Stress ratio for concrete 0.63 0.69 0.46 0.21 0.75 0.44 0.59
Stress ratio for Steel 0.48 0.51 0.38 0.33 0.51 0.35 0.46
Check for crack width 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.01
Width of the Section 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
20 20 20 20 16 16 16
Top Bars
0 20 20 20 20 20 0
Provided main Steel Bottom 12 12 16 16 16 16 16
Bars 0 0 0 0 16 16 16
Spacing 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
Effective depth 150 290 350 352 200 202 202
Design bending moment (Tm) 6.03 24.92 22.82 7.30 14.02 8.10 10.70
Ru = 4.6*Mu/(fck*b*d2) 0.269 0.297 0.187 0.059 0.351 0.199 0.263
Ast req.=fck/fy*b*d/2*[1-(1-Ru)0.5] 978 2109 1547 475 1752 955 1286
Min. Ast = 0.26*fctm*b*d/fyk 256 494 596 600 341 344 344
Area of main steel provided 1571 3142 3142 1005 2576 2011 2011
Depth of N.A from Comp. face 42 84 84 27 69 54 54
Ultimate moment of resistance 9.22 35.49 43.85 15.19 19.55 16.00 16.00
Bar dia 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Provided dist. Steel
Spacing 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
Distribution Steel required 196 422 387 150 438 239 321
Area of dist. steel provided 524 524 524 524 524 524 524
Service Bending moment (Tm) 4.17 17.08 15.50 4.50 9.48 5.19 6.90
Value of 2mAs/b = 18 37 37 12 30 24 24
Depth of N.A from top 44 87 97 59 64 58 58
Stress in concrete 13.7 14.8 9.9 4.5 16.2 9.6 12.7
Stress in reinforcement 192.7 204.3 152.3 132.1 202.2 138.8 184.4
Quasi permanent moment (Tm) 1.62 5.26 4.47 0.00 2.73 0.29 0.40
Cracked moment of Inertia 1.3E+08 9.8E+08 1.5E+09 5.8E+08 3.7E+08 3.1E+08 3.1E+08
Stress in steel for cracked 74.8 62.9 43.9 0.0 58.3 7.7 10.8
Area of concrete in tension 51929 84438 101084 113707 61946 63899 63899
Value of esm- ecm 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
Maximum crack spacing 248 227 245 521 210 234 222
Maximum crack width 0.056 0.043 0.032 0.000 0.037 0.005 0.007
Design of Box girder section
Grade of concrete M 45 Mean axial tensile strength of concrete 3.3 MPa
Grade of Steel Fe 500 Permissile compressive stress in concrete 21.6 MPa
Clear cover 40 mm Elastic Modulus of Concrete, Ecm 34000 MPa
Modular Ratio, Es/Ec 5.9 Elastic Modulus of Steel, Es 200000 MPa

Web Web Outer

Section Location At Soffit Edge At Soffit Haunch face Mid Span
Inner face face
5 5 7 7 8 8 9
Section type Hogging Sagging Hogging Sagging Hogging Sagging Sagging
Thickness of slab (mm) 350 350 400 400 250 250 250
Ultimate limit state, M/Mu 0.88 0.71 0.45 0.36 0.70 0.63 0.64
Check for distribution steel 0.66 0.53 0.42 0.33 0.64 0.57 0.58
Stress ratio for concrete 0.65 0.52 0.31 0.24 0.64 0.56 0.57
Stress ratio for Steel 0.65 0.51 0.34 0.26 0.50 0.44 0.45
Check for crack width 0.05 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00
Width of the Section 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
16 16 16 16 16 16 16
Top Bars
16 16 16 16 16 16 16
Provided main Steel Bottom 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
Bars 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
Spacing 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
Effective depth 302 302 352 352 202 202 202
Design bending moment (Tm) 21.81 17.60 13.23 10.61 11.13 10.06 10.19
Ru = 4.6*Mu/(fck*b*d2) 0.240 0.194 0.107 0.086 0.273 0.247 0.250
Ast req.=fck/fy*b*d/2*[1-(1-Ru)0.5] 1741 1386 872 695 1342 1203 1220
Min. Ast = 0.26*fctm*b*d/fyk 515 515 600 600 344 344 344
Area of main steel provided 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011
Depth of N.A from Comp. face 54 54 54 54 54 54 54
Ultimate moment of resistance 24.91 24.91 29.37 29.37 16.00 16.00 16.00
Bar dia 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Provided dist. Steel
Spacing 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
Distribution Steel required 348 277 218 174 335 301 305
Area of dist. steel provided 524 524 524 524 524 524 524
Service Bending moment (Tm) 14.70 11.58 8.98 6.91 7.52 6.60 6.70
Value of 2mAs/b = 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
Depth of N.A from top 74 74 80 80 58 58 58
Stress in concrete 14.1 11.1 6.8 5.2 13.9 12.2 12.4
Stress in reinforcement 258.5 203.6 134.7 103.7 201.1 176.5 179.1
Quasi permanent moment (Tm) 3.43 0.00 1.72 0.00 1.15 0.00 0.00
Cracked moment of Inertia 7.5E+08 7.5E+08 1.0E+09 1.0E+09 3.1E+08 3.1E+08 3.1E+08
Stress in steel for cracked 60.3 0.0 25.8 0.0 30.8 0.0 0.0
Area of concrete in tension 92161 92161 106605 106605 63899 63899 63899
Value of esm- ecm 0.0002 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
Maximum crack spacing 261 261 280 280 222 222 222
Maximum crack width 0.047 0.000 0.022 0.000 0.021 0.000 0.000
DESIGN OF END DIAPHRAGM

Service Condition
In service condition the loads due to deal load, SIDL and live load are transferred from web to
the bearings through the diaphragm. The diaphragm acts as an indirect support to webs for
shear transfer. The compressive struts formed through shear are distributed equally over the
full depth of the section in this case [refer Fig.10.1(c) of IRC:112-2011]. In the diaphragm the
load is assumed to be transferred to the bearings through compression with strut angle of 45
degrees and above. Shear transferred through the parallel struts in webs act as point loads
throughout the depth of the diaphragm section and the point loads which are above the 45
degree dispersion angle from the edge of the bearing are assumed to be transferred directly to
the bearings through concrete struts. For the point loads below this plane, the load is to be
carried over to top of the section by providing hanger reinforcement.
C/L bearing

Direct load transfer

zone

Area requiring hanging

reinforcement
45°
0.525

Dead Load reaction of Superstructure DL 400 T

SIDL reaction on bearings SIDL 170 T
Maximum live load reaction on bearings LL 200 T

Load on the outer Web:

Load coming from Outer web due to DL 200 T
Load coming from Outer web due to SIDL 85 T
Load coming from Outer web due to LL (with Impact) 150 T

Load factors for Limit state of Strength as per IRC 6

DL 1.35
SIDL 1.75
LL 1.50

Total Ulimate load transferred from web to diaphragm 643.8t

Total depth of web in inclined direction = 2610 mm
Web depth below 45 degree dispersion line from
= 511 mm
bearing edge requiring hanging steel
Inclination of web with Vertical a = 16.749 deg
Compression strut inclination with vertical, β = 23.46 deg

a) Tie reinforcement
Tension in Tie (T) = (R) x (tan (b)-tan(a)) = 85.6 t
Reinforcement required = 20 cm2
Provide 16 Nos 32 dia = 128.7 cm2
b) Vertical hanging reinforcement
% Web-shear transferred indirectly through hanging steel 20 %
On conservative basis, it is considered that a minimum of 25% web shear is indirectly
transferred to diaphragm

Shear in web considering web inclination 643.75/cos(16.749) 672.27 t

Shear force directly transferred to jack 540.65 t
Shear force indirectly transferred to jack (min. 25%) 160.94 t

Vertical Hanging up reinforcement required (Fe500) 37.00 cm^2

Provide hanging reinforcement
Vertical bars 9d 4 Nos 2 Legged 32 dia 64.34 cm^2
Vertical bars 9d 4 Nos 2 Legged 32 dia 64.34 cm^2
Provided Area of steel 128.68 cm^2
Jacking Condition
The Critical case for the design of hanging steel in end diaphragm will be the "Jack up Case"
i.e. while jacking up the superstructure for replacement of jacks. In Jacking condition the loads
due to deal load and SIDL are transferred from web to the jacks through the diaphragm. Shear
transferred through the parallel struts in webs act as point loads throughout the depth of the
diaphragm section and the point loads which are above the 45 degree dispersion angle from
the edge of the jack are assumed to be transferred directly to the jacks through concrete struts.
For the point loads below this plane, the load is to be carried over to top of the section by
providing hanger reinforcement.
C/L Jacking

Direct load transfer

zone

Area requiring hanging

reinforcement
45°
1.225

Dead Load reaction of Superstructure DL 400 T

SIDL reaction on jacks SIDL 170 T

Load on the outer Web:

Load coming from Outer web due to DL 200 T
Load coming from Outer web due to SIDL 85 T

Load factors for Limit state of Strength as per IRC 6

DL 1.35
SIDL 1.75

Total Ulimate load transferred from web to diaphragm 418.8t

Total depth of web in inclined direction = 2610 mm

Web depth below 45 degree dispersion line from jack
= 1557 mm
edge requiring hanging steel
Inclination of web with Vertical a = 16.749 deg
Compression strut inclination with vertical, β = 35.59 deg
a) Tie reinforcement
Tension in Tie (T) = (R) x (tan (b)-tan(a)) = 173.7 t
Reinforcement required = 40 cm2
Provide 16 Nos 32 dia = 128.7 cm2
b) Vertical hanging reinforcement
% Web-shear transferred indirectly through hanging steel 60 %
On conservative basis, it is considered that a minimum of 25% web shear is indirectly
transferred to diaphragm

Shear in web considering web inclination 418.75/cos(16.749) 437.30 t

Shear force directly transferred to jack 176.43 t
Shear force indirectly transferred to jack (min. 25%) 249.81 t

Vertical Hanging up reinforcement required (Fe500) 57.43 cm^2

Provide hanging reinforcement
Vertical bars 9d 4 Nos 2 Legged 32 dia 64.34 cm^2
Vertical bars 9d 4 Nos 2 Legged 32 dia 64.34 cm^2
Provided Area of steel 128.68 cm^2