107: Bear Hotel Car Park, North Road, Cowbridge, Vale of Glamorgan. Archaeological Evaluation

DOCUMENT NO 209 November 2013
A.P.A.C. Ltd.
Archaeological Perspectives Analysis Consultancy
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION
REPORT
Site adjacent to Bear Hotel car park, North Rd, Cowbridge
Planning Application No: 2013/00096/PRE
Prepared for:
St Brides Ltd
By: Dr N Phillips.
A.P.A.C. Ltd Site adjacent to Bear Hotel car park, North Rd. Cowbridge. EV/COW/13
1 Summary
A planning application was submitted to The Vale of Glamorgan Council (VGC) in

early 2013, and as part of the planning process, the client was advised that the
proposed work at the site could likely impact on archaeological resources.
The development of concern was the proposed construction of 5 dwellings on an

area of land understood to be of potentially high archaeological importance.
VGC in accordance with the guidance from GGAT deferred determination of the
planning application pending further documentation in support of the proposed
plans.
One of the supporting documents required was an Archaeological Field

Evaluation.
This document is the report arising from the field evaluation at the site adjacent to
Bear Hotel car park, North Rd, Cowbridge.
The evaluation revealed that the site is predominantly natural with some recent
disturbance along the east edge due to the laying of a gas pipe.
A thin scattering of multi-period ceramic sherds were recovered from surface

deposits towards the southern end of the site but these were undoubtedly related to
land fill.
Copyright Notice:
A.P.A.C. Ltd. retains copyright of this report under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988.
The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100046577) to reproduce map information; Copyright remains
otherwise with the Ordnance Survey.
Cover Photograph: DSC05518
1
1 Summary .................................................................................................................................1
2 Figures .....................................................................................................................................3
3 Plates .......................................................................................................................................3
4 Introduction .............................................................................................................................4
5 Site Location and Description .................................................................................................4
6 Geology and Topography ........................................................................................................4
7 Brief archaeological and historical background ......................................................................5
8 Aims and Objectives ...............................................................................................................5
9 Scope of the Work ...................................................................................................................5
10 Methodology .......................................................................................................................5
11 Data Presentation.................................................................................................................7
12 Survey Results .....................................................................................................................7
13 Evaluation Trenches Results ...............................................................................................8
14 Discussion and Interpretation ............................................................................................11
15 Impact ................................................................................................................................11
16 Archive ..............................................................................................................................11
17 Staff ...................................................................................................................................12
18 Acknowledgements: ..........................................................................................................12
19 Bibliography and References: ...........................................................................................13
2
2 Figures
01 Site Location map

02 Site and trench Plan
03 Trench 1 section, contexts & plan
3 Plates
1 Topsoil removal [100] brown sand with [102] brown sandy clay beneath
2 Partial appearance of lens of grey clay [101]
3 Section: [100] [102] over [105] [101]
4 Patch of [105] leading into [101]
5 Section sequence along west edge of trench. 3a
6 Section sequence along west edge of trench. 2
7 Trench showing lenses of [104]/[105] in/on [101]. Stone [104] bottom right
8 Gas pipe [203,204,205] pipe, cut, fill.
9 Contexts [200] [201] [202].
10 Section [200] [201] [202].
11 Eastern end of south edge section trench 2
12 Trench 2 lens fogged
13 Sequence of the section
14 Trench flooding and test pit full of water
15 Finished excavation of 3, natural bedrock with scale
16 Sequence of plan views of trench 3, 2
17 Close up of limestone pavement structure 1
18 Sequence of plan views of trench 3, 3
19 Finished excavation of 4, natural bedrock detail
20 Finished excavation of 4, natural bedrock
21 Test pits to the left and top of the picture
22 Excavation to natural
23 Northern end of trench
24 Initial scrape and gas main, bottom of picture
25 Excavation halted by water table
26 Position of gas main
27 Excavation halted
28 Water table levelled off over night
3
4 Introduction
This report details the results of an archaeological field evaluation, undertaken on an area of undeveloped land
adjacent to the Bear Hotel car park, North Rd, Cowbridge. CF71 7AF, NGR 299420 174803, fig 01.
As the proposed development at the site, ‘to construct 5 dwellings on an area of undeveloped land’
(DB/EV/COW/13), would involve excavation of trenches for footings and services within in an area identified as
being potentially, archaeologically significant; the client was advised by The Vale Of Glamorgan Council, (VGC),
that planning would be deferred until a program of archaeological evaluation of the site had been undertaken,
(P/DC/SR2/2013/00096/PRE).
The client, Mr A Dalton, St Brides Ltd, contacted APAC Ltd to undertake the programme of archaeological
evaluation which resulted initially in the production of a design brief, (DB/EV/COW/13); based on information
made available by the client, discussion with N Maylan, Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust, (GGAT), a site
visit and some research into the known archaeological records of Cowbridge.
The design brief was approved ‘as fit for purpose’ N. Maylan (GGAT), and site work commenced on the 25th
October 2013.
The evaluation consisting of six evaluation trenches continued over five days, finishing after a monitoring visit by
GGAT on the 1st November 2013.
5 Site Location and Description
The location of the site is south of the M4 between Cardiff and Bridgend, fig 01. Travelling west from Cardiff, the
A48 is the Cowbridge Rd, which leads directly to High St, Cowbridge.
On the right side of the High St is a large building called the Bear Hotel and a right turn just beyond it leads to
North St where another right turn will lead past the site.
The parcel of land to be investigated is an irregular, approximately 1390m² rectangular plot, measuring some 75m x
25m.
The longer axis is NE/SW and the site is enclosed on all sides with access from the south, off North Rd.
At the time of evaluation, the site had been cleared of overgrowth including a few small perimeter trees and of note
in the excavation, a small Elm located at the centre of trench 6, fig 02.
Six trenches were measuring 10m x 1.8m were excavated. An available contingency for 3 more as set out in the
design brief were not necessary.
6 Geology and Topography
‘Cowbridge is situated in the centre of the Vale of Glamorgan’… on a gently rising plateau from 91m in the south to
122m at its boundary with the uplands to the north (Robinson 1980).
The solid geology of the area is Vale of Glamorgan, Jurassic Lias with carboniferous limestone outcrops under a
drift of brown earths, (ibid).
Prior to excavation the site was shown to have a gentle gradient, lowering to the south west at 1:62 whilst west east,
the ground dipped at 1:9 to form a boggy area in the south east corner.
Excavation in trenches 3, 4 & 5 exposed limestone outcropping relating to the known geology, see above.
4
7 Brief archaeological and historical background
The general area of Glamorgan is rich in archaeological resources dating from the earliest times of prehistory.
There is a considerable amount of information available on the history of Cowbridge and its importance as both a
Roman and Medieval settlement in ‘Cowbridge, Archaeology and Topography of a Small Market Town by D. M.
Robinson 1980.
Archaeological excavations in the mid 80s revealed considerable significant archaeological resources in the
immediate area of the proposed site with a proposed Roman fort some 60m to the north west and a Roman bath
house complex 80m to the east, (Parkhouse & Evans 1996).
The above report also details partial excavation of a medieval barn in the immediate vicinity.
The project design work for this evaluation (PD/EV/COW/13) proposed that the position of the
medieval barn was close to the centre of the site and indeed trenches 3 & 4 were positioned to
impact upon the edge of it. However, no evidence of the earlier excavation was discovered therefore
the estimation of the position in the design brief was incorrect.
8 Aims and Objectives
In accordance with the Design Brief: DB EV/COW/13, the aim of the proposed work was to:
Elucidate the character, distribution, extent and importance of any potential archaeological remains, extant in the
development area.
Provide an information base from which to formulate mitigation strategies, in the event of significant archaeological
resources being impacted upon within the development area.
Provide a detailed record of the work to allow for a report to be produced.
Provide a detail record of the work; in the event of significant archaeological resources being discovered, to allow
for publication in a suitable academic journal.
Allow for the development to be monitored.
These aims were realized through a program of archaeological evaluation trenching and limited research into the
area of the site.
9 Scope of the Work
The archaeology of the application site as a whole, in its wider local or regional context, was considered, although
the evaluation trenching was be confined to those areas which will be directly affected by the development or some
aspect of it.
All remains of potential interest were considered, whatever their date.
10 Methodology
Evaluation
The trench locations are shown in fig 02, their measurements were:
1. 10m x 2.4m, north and western corner of site

2. 10.9m x 2.2mm x 1.8m, north eastern extent of plot. Trench foreshortened due to position of low pressure
gas main
5
3. 10.2m x 2.2m, central west area
4. 10.2m x 2.4m, central
5. 10m x 2m south west corner
6. 8.6m x 2.4m south east corner. Again foreshortened by the presence of the low pressure gas main but also
the breaching of the water table
The evaluation trenches were excavated with a JCB fitted with a grading bucket.
The JCB was to be used to remove the overburden of soil in order to reach either an archaeological horizon or
natural deposit.
Each trench was marked out and the surface grass removed before single context excavation was continued.
In the case of trench 1, natural was reached and excavation halted at a reasonable depth of 1 metre, fig 04.
To prove natural, a small test pit was excavated to a further depth of 400mm, at the northern end of the trench using
the digger bucket; full depth of deposit was not proved.
Excavation of trench 2 began at the eastern end but was brought quickly to a halt with the discovery of a low
pressure gas main just beneath the surface.
The client was alerted to the discovery and contacted the utilities who confirmed the presence of the pipe, if not the
correct position.
The pipe was then exposed by hand and the trench extended to the west, however sufficient room between trenches
1 and 2 had to be retained for access by the JCB.
With the exception of the gas pipe, trench cut and fill, trench 2, was similar to trench 1 and again excavation was
halted at around the 1m mark.
Another test pit to prove natural was cut to 300mm with the digger bucket this time at the west end of the trench but
again no limit to the deposit was reached.
The third trench was completely different from the first two in that the majority of the trench was dominated by a
limestone platform surfacing at depth of 380mm.
The natural limestone pavement crossed the trench at the centre dropping off east and west and cut by a series of
parallel ‘grikes’, (vertical, naturally eroded cracks in limestone at 90º to the bedding plane ‘clints’).
Two of grikes to the west of the main limestone pavement were test pitted with the JCB reaching an overall depth of
1.8m with no discernable end.
Trench 4 was similar to 3 with an even greater exposure of limestone pavement just below the surface.
Three test pits were attempted at areas where the grikes were widest but none were able to add to the information
already discovered and the excavation was halted.
Trench 5, the most southerly of the trenches and the closest to the road way had to be further cleared before work
could start.
There was a noticeable difference in this area due to an accumulation of surface rubbish and debris from passers by.
The clearance of rubbish and a tree root system hindered the surface clearance, with a depth of soil being removed
before excavation could begin.
Once a recordable surface was achieved excavation begun but was brought quickly to an end as again the limestone
pavement was reached just below the surface.
The centre part of the trench did have a greater deposit of soil than either end; even so, the limestone was reached in
the deepest part at just less than 1 metre.
6
The 6th and final trench did prove to be different than the other five in that it contained a thick layer of landfill under
its surface deposits.
The land fill was cleared from the east of the trench towards the west uncovering a sandy deposit which appeared to
be just above the limestone, however this could not be examined as the water table was at around 600mm and the
trench flooded.
Initial recording
A record of the stratigraphy of each trench was made during excavation and modified on completion.
The work was recorded digitally throughout using a Sony DSC F828 Camera set to 8mp Jpeg & RAW format.
All finds recovered were recorded to context and bagged.
Survey
A final survey of trench position and profiles was undertaken at the end of the excavation work with sufficient detail
included to tie the survey into supplied plans.
The survey was undertaken using a Topcon 3007 REDM using an arbitrary site datum and a known survey station.
The data collected was imputed into CivilCad for initial processing and exported to Autocad in order to include
information and geo reference supplied by the client.
The output was then exported to Adobe Illustrator for presentation.
11 Data Presentation
Presentation Notes:
Data referred to within the text is shown in: Figures - fig#, Contexts - [#], Plates - PL# and finds - {#}.
Figures and Plates follow the Bibliography at the end of the report and Contexts, Photographic list and Finds are
detailed in Appendices I, II, III respectively.
A contact sheet is also provided and a full set of photographs is included in an archive disc.
12 Survey Results
Ground conditions
The ground condition was good on the first day of work which was a Friday 25th October 2013. Over the intervening
weekend, however, there was continuous heavy rain culminating in an amber weather warning issued for S Wales
on the Monday.
Further work was postponed until Tuesday 29th October 2013 at which point the first two trenches were retaining
water.
The next few days were less problematic as trenches 3 – 5 were all fairly shallow.
Trench 6 however was abandoned as the water table’ possibly effected by the earlier rain’, welled up into the trench.
Final recording and survey was completed as well as could be achieved in wet conditions.
7
13 Evaluation Trenches Results
Trench 1. (refer to figs 02 & 03)
Initial excavation of the first trench started with the removal of the topsoil [100], to a fairly consistent depth of
100mm, Plate 01.
The deposit was a soft dark brown sandy soil with an abundant supply of roots from the surface vegetation.
One nodule of honey natural flint was recovered, {1}.
Removal of [100] exposed [101], PL 02, a deposit of varying depth of thickness; 400mm to 800mm, of dark brown
clay/sand containing no roots, occasional angular limestone rocks but no small finds or features.
Plate 02 shows the method of trench excavation with the JCB taking 100mm spits along the trench.
The photograph also shows a shinny green/grey patch to the top right and a green object on the side of the trench at
the end of the ranging rod.
The green/grey patch is one of the highest points of the underlying natural surface [103] which; as can be seen in
section, varied greatly in height and depth, PL 03.
Some of the variation in the interface between [101]/[103] was noticeably angular and unlikely to be from natural
causes; PL 04 & PL 05.
Plate 04 shows the bottom north end of the trench where the green/grey [103] is shown in stark contrast to the
surrounding fill [102], forming some very angular shapes.
Plate 05 shows a vertical cut into [103] some 800mm wide, 600mm deep, which arguably appears to have been cut
by modern machinery. To support this suggestion PL 02 & PL 03 both show a green object at the stop of the trench
above the high point of [103].
This green object is a layer of polythene sheet, common on construction sites, which forms a barrier between [100]
and [101] and is directly above the northern end of the vertical machine cut, PL 06.
A similar piece of polythene was noted above a gas pipe in trench 2, below.
Further excavation to remove [101] and expose the profile of [103]; considered to be the natural surface’ continued
Pl 07.
The further excavation revealed three pockets of deposition, [102], thin lenses of coarse red/brown sand, found at
the lowest points in the surface of [103].
All three pockets of [102] can be seen as dark brown wedge shapes on the left (NW) in PL 07.
The lens at the northern corner, PL 03, produced two finds: {2} natural flint nodule and {3} a sherd of 17th/18th
century Devonshire Slipware.
One further context, [105]; a coarse brown sand with a large percentage of small > .01mm rounded pebbles, was
impacted under the northernmost deposit of [102].
Again, this context was lost to flooding before it could be adequately examined.
To assess the interpretation of [103] as natural a final bucket depth; 400mm, was excavated through the floor of the
trench confirming the deposit to < 1200mm below surface.
8
The second trench was excavated in the same way, starting with the topsoil [200] which was found to be consistent
with [100] in trench 1.
A slight texture change was noted 2m to 3m from the eastern end of the trench and the digger bucket revealed
another sheet of green polythene in addition to a yellow hazard marker tape associated with gas pipes.
The latter was cleared by hand to expose the low pressure gas main [208] lying across the trench within a fill of
coarse sand [207], cut [202] into the subsoil [201], Pl 08.
Once the pipe was exposed, the JCB was moved to the side of the trench to excavate without working over the pipe.
Within the restricted confines, 1.5m x 2m, there was little choice other than to excavate straight down through the
strata.
Revealed was a sequence of [201] dark brown sandy clay identical to [101], over [204] an orange sandy clay not
found in trench 1, PL 10.
To the right of the ranging rod in PL 10, just below the bottom red segment where the context change is noticeable
by colour, was a length of ‘bungee elastic’ in situ, not retained.
The length retrieved was about 300mm and the rest was still embedded within the wall of the trench.
This would suggest a fairly recent deposition for [201] a point noted in trench 1.
Underlying [204] was a fine-grained red/brown sand, [206], that extended beneath the trench limit.
The small section of trench was halted at a depth of 1250mm and the JCB moved to the west of the gas main to
continue the rest of the trench.
In the main area of the trench [201] produced finds assemblage {4} mainly 18th/19th century ceramics with one
sherd of medieval ‘Vale Ware’ the only finds in the entire trench.
The sequence within the first metre of the new part of the trench repeated that already described in the eastern
section, as PL 11 illustrates.
Four metres from the eastern end of the trench grey clay [203] became dominant, varying in depth in the same way
as [103] had in trench 1.
At its highest extent [204] was in direct contact with [201] but each side of this apex were deposits of [204]; already
suggested above, to be of recent origin.
At the west of the trench, an unusually shaped deposit in the clay of coarse brown sand with rounded pebbles [205]
was found PL 12.
The sharp edges of the feature were very similar to those noted above in trench 1.
The opportunity was taken to section part of the anomaly PL 13, which showed it to be an almost vertical cut with a
fill of red sand, becoming coarser with depth.
Unfortunately, flooding and weather conditions again prevented any further informative work being attempted on
this section Pl 14.
Trench 3 provided a top soil sequence [300] over [301] identical in nature to [100] [101] and [200] [201] found in
the first two trenches.
At that point however the similarities stopped, with trench 3 bottoming out at an outcrop of limestone [303] some
300mm beneath the surface at the centre of the trench, PL 15.
The limestone outcrop took the form of a pavement with vertical cracking, ‘grikes’, PL 16 and shallow horizontal
bedding planes, ‘clints’ PL 17.
9
The form was so regular that the initial thought was that [203] was man-made as Pl 18 illustrates.
The grike pits shown in PL 17 & PL 18 were excavated to examine any foundations and were able to show
conclusively that the structure was natural.
The pits cut through [302] a varied depth layer of orange sandy clay associated with the limestone to a deposit of red
sandy clay [304] overlying a deposit of yellow clay at a final depth of 1.7m.
No finds were associated with trench 3.
Trench 4 was similar to trench 3 having the same limestone pavement [403] and context sequence; [400] = [300]
over [401] = [301] over [403] = [303], PL 19 & PL 20.
The topsoil [400] however, produced a small ceramics assemblage {5} with a 17th to 19th century date range.
The major difference between trenches 3 & 4 however, was in the overburden [402], which covered the lower
sections and grikes of [403].
Unlike [303], which has a similar sequential position in trench 3, [403] in trench 4 contained a large percentage of
angular limestone, and an assemblage of ceramics, a third of which were of Roman origin {6}.
The majority of {6} came from the pit shown to the bottom left of PL 21 which was excavated to examine the depth
of the limestone.
It is possible that the shallow limestone pavement in trench 4 may have been subject to agricultural impact such as
ploughing which would explain the angular limestone and possibly the date range of the re-distributed ceramics.
Trench 5 caused some concern before excavation as it was covered in rubbish; possible fly tipping, consequently, it
had to be cleared before any work could start and most of the topsoil [500] was removed at this clearing stage, PL
22.
This did not however have too negative an effect, on the evaluation as context [500] yielded the largest assemblage
of finds {7} with the greatest of date range from: Roman, through post medieval to modern 20th century plastic.
Redistribution is the obvious explanation for the date range of the assemblage, although the proximity to the road
draws an interesting parallel with the modern rubbish that had to be removed specifically from this area.
The next layer down, [501] continued the same date range of finds but in a smaller assemblage {8}.
Beneath [501] the sequence mirrored that of trench 4 [502] = [402] over [503] = [403] PL 23.
One further context [504], a black sandy soil was recorded on the eastern half of the trench.
Context [504] is the fill from a tree root system that was removed from the area; the tree was recorded in position
during the survey.
The final trench was carefully set out, a little further from the wall of the adjacent building than was planned in the
project design in order to miss the gas main now known to exist, PL 24.
The initial scrape removed the topsoil [600] revealing a dark brown sandy silt [601] which was quite shallow at the
western, upslope side, PL 25.
Context [601] produced the second largest finds assemblage {9} which as with {7} in the adjacent trench 5, also had
a wide date range from Roman to post medieval and modern.
10
At the eastern end, PL 26 the position of the gas main [604] was revealed, cut [605] into [601] to a depth of about
350mm.
PL 26 also shows the problem of up-welling water in trench 6 which brought the excavation to an early close.
Before excavation was halted a layer of rubble [606] containing angular stone; some possibly heat fractured, was
pulled back from the underlying [602], yellow clay with angular stone.
Context [602] was presumed to be natural but not confirmed due to the water.
Context [606] was clearly a rubble deposit, possibly intended to raise the level of the ground in this area to prevent
waterlogging PL 28.
Context [606] produced a small assemblage of 4 ceramic sherds {10} representing Roman, Victorian and 20th
century.
14 Discussion and Interpretation
The six evaluation trenches were able to provide an interesting variation of natural deposition and geological
formations across the site on to which have been some recent man-made alterations such as; the gas main and
ground raising around trench 6.
The assemblages found where ground disturbance was recognised are very widely spread as to time period but
obviously the later inclusions indicate the time of deposition, whilst the earlier periods just attest to redistribution.
It would appear that the site is dominated by a ridge of outcropping limestone which gives the site its shape and
dictates its use.
The shallowness of the soil above the limestone on one hand could well have prevented agricultural interest in the
site for anything other than pasture.
The position of the ridge above the surrounding marshy ground could on the other hand provide an ideal place for
habitation.
The evaluation trenches could not find anything of any archaeological significance within the areas of the trenches
excavated, but this does not completely dismiss the possibility of archaeological resources being present.
15 Impact
On the evidence provided by the evaluation trenches, it is unlikely that there will be any impact on archaeological
resources if the development was approved.
Given the nature of an evaluation as a sampling exercise, it should be remembered that the information gained is a
statistical sample and not a definitive confirmation.
Therefore, in the light of the known archaeology in relatively close proximity to the site, it would be advisable to
conduct an archaeological watching brief during any further ground disturbance.
16 Archive
The original archive for this project will remain with APAC Ltd with a secondary archive deposited with the
Glamorgan Record Office.
The finds are to be returned to the client for safe keeping.
11
17 Staff
Dr. Neil Phillips, AIFA.
Post ex
Mr A. O. Phillips.
Specialist Services: Mr S Clarke, Monmouth Archaeology
The copyright for this report shall remain with the A.P.A.C. Ltd.
18 Acknowledgements:
Thanks to John for his deft work with the JCB and Alistair for the timely refreshments.
12
19 Bibliography and References:
A.P.A.C. Ltd. Design Brief for a Program of Archaeological Evaluation, EV/COW/13
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
English Heritage Management of Archaeological Projects (1991).
Dalton, A., 23/08/13 Block Plan, plans ahead by emapsite.
Institute of
Archaeologists. Standard and Guidance for an archaeological excavation. 2008.
Standard and Guidance for an archaeological field evaluation. 2009.
Standard and Guidance for an archaeological watching brief. 2008.
Code of Conduct and the Code of Approved Practice for the regulation of
Contractual Arrangements in Field Archaeology. 2008.
Standard and Guidance for the collection, documentation, conservation and

research of archaeological materials. 2008.
Parkhouse, J., & Evans e., Excavations in Cowbridge South Glamorgan 1977-88. BAR Report 245. Tempus
Repartum 1996.
Robinson, D.M., Cowbridge, Archaeology and Topography of a Small Market Town. GGAT 1980
The Society of Museum

Archaeologists Towards An Accessible Archive (1995)
United Kingdom Institute

for Conservation.
(Archaeology Section) Guidelines for the Preparation of Excavation Archives for Long-Term
Storage (1990)
(VGC) 29 August 2013. P/DC/SR2/2013/00096/PRE

13/09/2012 Proposed 5 dwellings. Site adjacent to Bear Hotel car park, \North Rd, Cowbridge
Pl.App.No.:2013/00096/PRE.
A.P.A.C. Registered Address: 36 Hatherleigh Rd, Abergavenny Monmouthshire NP7 7RG.

Tel: 07734962919. Mobile: 07734962919 Email: apac.philips@btinternet.com
Company Registration No 5041541 VAT Reg No 826 3628 19
Director: Dr. N. Phillips D.Phil. M. Phil. BA (Hons).Cert Ed/FE. AIFA.
13
Site adjacent to Bear Hotel car park, North Rd. Cowbridge.
Fig 01: Location

A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/COW/13
BS1
BS2
TR1
TR2
Notes:
North set at magnetic
1
Site datum and site spot
heights aquired from survey:
Land off North Road Cowbridge
TR3 Hywel John Surveys
Drawing 99/13. 18/09/13
Survey EV/COW/13
located at 3 CL 27.124
299357.614
174542.058
Triangulation at
BS 2 299392.660
174615.730
and
TR4 BS 3 299408.818
Building
174602.741
27m
299394.829
1 174587.861
28.061
28m
299374.845
3 174568.927
27.930
3
Key:
Walls
Gas
Chain link fence
Larch lap fence
1m contour
0.2m contour
TR6 Building
Trench positions
Location:
North Rd,
Cowbridge
TR5 Type:
Plan
Stage:
Evaluation
trenches
Period:
Oct/Nov 2013
Produced for:
St brides ltd
Scale at A4: Bar
R oad 4
North Survey:
Dr. N. Phillips
Processing:
Dr. N. Phillips
23/11/2013
0 5 10 20 30
A.P.A.C. Ltd
36 Hatherleigh Rd,
m Abergavenny, Monmouthshire
NP7 7RG
apac.philips@btinternet.co.uk
Fig 02 Trench locations A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/COW/13

0m
100
101
103
1m Trench bottom
105
102
2m
0 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m
N
Trench edge
2m Trench bottom
1m 103 102
0m
0 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m
Fig 03 Trench 1, section and plan

0m 200
207 201
203
204 204 204
208
206 Trench bottom
1m
205
0 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m
208
Trench edge
207
205
2m Trench bottom
205
1m
Trench bottom
0m
0 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m

0m
300
301
Trench bottom 303 302

302
1m
304 304
305
305
2m
0 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m
Trench edge
2m
Trench bottom 303 303
304
N
303 304
303
302
305
1m
303 305
0m
0 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m

0m 400
401
402
403
1m Trench bottom
2m
0 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m
Trench edge
2m Trench bottom
N
402
403
1m 402
403
402
0m
0 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m
Fig 06Trench 4, section and plan

0m
500
501
503
502
Trench bottom
1m
0 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m
Trench edge
2m
N
503 503
502
1m
504
0m
0 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m

0m 600
603
601
602 606
602
Trench bottom
604
1m
2m
0 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m
604 Trench edge

2m
601
N
603
1m 602
606
0m
Trench bottom
0 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m

DSC05490
DSC05489
Plate 01: Topsoil removal [100] brown sand with [102] brown sandy clay Plate 02: Partial appearance of lens of grey clay [101]
beneath
DSC05492
DSC05493
Plate 03: Section: [100] [102] over [105] [101] Plate 04: Patch of [105] leading into [101]
DSC05496
DSC05528
Plate 05: Section sequence along west edge of Plate 07: Trench showing lenses of [104]/[105] in/on
trench. 3a [101]. Stone [104] bottom right
DSC05526
Plate 06: Section sequence along west edge of trench. 2

DSC05498
DSC05500
Plate 08: Gas pipe [203,204,205] pipe, cut, fill. Plate 09: Contexts [200] [201] [202].
DSC05561
DSC05499
Plate 10: Section: Section [200] [201] [202] Plate 11: Eastern end of south edge section trench 2
DSC05558
DSC05572
Plate 12: Trench 2 lens fogged
DSC05559
Plate 13: Sequence of the section Plate 14: Trench flooding and test pit full of water
DSC05521
DSC05578
Plate 16: Sequence of plan views of trench 3, 2
DSC05575
Plate 15: Finished excavation of 3, natural bedrock with scale Plate 16: Close up of limestone pavement A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/COW/13
structure 1
DSC05579
DSC05523
Plate 18: Sequence of plan views of trench 3, 3
DSC05524
Plate 19: Finished excavation of 4, natural bedrock detail Plate 20: Finished excavation of 4, natural bedrock
DSC05540
DSC05567
Plate 21: Test pits to the left and top of the picture Plate 23: Northern end of trench
DSC05539
Plate 22: Excavation to natural

DSC05543
DSC05544
Plate 24: Initial scrape and gas main, bottom of picture Plate 25: Excavation halted by water table A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/COW/13
DSC05563
DSC05545
Plate 26: Position of gas main Plate 28: Water table levelled off over night
DSC05549
Plate 27: Excavation halted

A.P.A.C. Ltd. Appendix I Context Sheet Index 1
Site: North Rd, Grid Ref: Site No: Alternate No: 1

Cowbridge 299420 174803 EV/COW/13 Trench 1
CONTEXT AREA FEATURE DESCRIPTION FINDS PHOTOGRAPHS
100 TR1 Topsoil Dark brown sandy soil some surface vegetation {1} 05488, 05489, 05490,
roots, ≤100mm thickness 05491, 05493, 05494,
05495, 05496, 05513,
05525, 05526, 05527,
05528, 05529, 05530,
05531, 05532, 05533,
05534, 05535, 05536,
05537, 05538, 05570,
101 TR1 Deposit Dark/brown clay/sand with occasional angular 05489, 05490, 05491,
stone, varied thickness from 400mm to 800mm 05492, 05493, 05494,
05495, 05496, 05513,
05525, 05526, 05527,
05528, 05529, 05530,
05531, 05532, 05533,
05534, 05535, 05536,
05537, 05538, 05570,
102 TR1 Deposit Red coarse sandy lens ≤80mm {2} {3} 05489, 05490, 05491,
05492, 05493, 05494,
05495, 05496, 05525,
05526, 05527, 05528,
05529, 05530, 05531,
05532, 05533, 05534,
05535, 05536, 05537,
05538, 05570,
103 TR1 Natural Grey clay various depths from 500mm to 1000mm 05491, 05492, 05493,
05494, 05495, 05496,
05513, 05525, 05526,
05527, 05528, 05529,
05530, 05531, 05532,
05533, 05534, 05535,
05536, 05537, 05538,
05570,
104 TR1 Cut Angular cut in 103 05494, 05525, 05526,
05527, 05528, 05529,
05532, 05533,
105 TR1 lens Coarse brown sand with large percentage of rounded 05525, 05531, 05532,
pebbles ≤1m 05533,

200 TR2 Topsoil Dark brown sandy soil some surface vegetation 05498, 05499, 05501,
05557, 05558, 05559,
05561, 05562, 05572,
05574,
201 TR2 Deposit Dark/brown clay/sand with ≤250mm {4} 05498, 05499, 05501,
05502, 05514, 05515,
05557, 05558, 05559,
05561, 05562, 05572,
05573, 05574,
202 TR2 Cut Cut for 208 05550, 05502, 05514,
05574,
203 TR2 lens Grey clay various depths from 250mm beyond 05498, 05499, 05501,
trench dept at 1200mm 05502, 05514, 05557,
05558, 05559, 05559,
05561, 00562, 05572,
05574,
204 TR2 Deposit Orange sandy clay ≤250mm 05498, 05499, 05501,
05502, 05514, 05515,
05558, 05559, 05559,
05561, 05562, 05572,
05574,
205 TR2 lens Coarse brown sand with large percentage of rounded 05501, 05502, 05557,
pebbles at a depth of ≤900mm 05558, 05559, 05561,
05574,
206 TR2 Deposit Fine red/brown sand 05498, 05499, 05557,
05558, 05559, 05559,
05561, 00562, 05572,
207 TR2 Deposit Coarse sand fill & yellow marker tape 05550, 05514, 05573,
05574,
208 TR2 Pipe Low pressure gas main, yellow plastic 05550,

300 TR3 Topsoil Dark brown sandy soil some surface vegetation 05516, 05517, 05518,
00552, 05576, 05577,
05578, 05579, 05580,
05581,
301 TR3 Deposit Dark/brown clay/sand with varied 100mm to150mm 05517, 05518, 05519,
05520, 05521, 05568,
05569, 05575, 05576,
05577, 05578, 05579,
05580, 05581,
302 TR3 Natural Orange sandy clay varied 100mm to 500mm 05517, 05518, 05519,
05520, 05521, 05568,
05569, 05575, 05576,
05577, 05578, 05579,
05580, 05581,
303 TR3 Natural Limestone pavement 05517, 05518, 05519,
05520, 05521, 05568,
05569, 05575, 05576,
05577, 05578, 05579,
05580, 05581,
304 TR3 Natural Red sandy clay 05517, 05518, 05519,
05521, 05568, 05569,
05575, 05576, 05577,
05578, 05579, 05580,
05581,
305 TR3 Natural Yellow clay 05577, 05578,

400 TR4 Topsoil Black humic soil with vegetation roots ≤100mm {5} 05522, 05523, 05524,
thickness 00551, 05567,
401 TR4 Deposit Dark/brown clay/sand with varied 100mm to 05522, 05523, 05524,
400mm 00551, 05567,
402 TR4 Natural Brown sandy clay with angular limestone {6} 05522, 05523, 05524,
00551, 05567,
00551, 05567,

500 TR5 Topsoil Black humic soil with vegetation roots ≤100mm {7} 05539, 05540, 05541,
thickness 05565, 05566,
501 TR5 Deposit Grey/brown clay/sand Dark brown soft sandy silt {8} 05540, 05541, 05565,
80mm to 120mm 05566,
502 TR5 Natural Brown sandy clay with angular limestone 05540, 05541, 05565,
05566,
05566,
504 TR5 Tree bowl Black sandy soil infill 05540, 05541, 05565,
05566,

600 TR6 Topsoil Black humic soil with vegetation roots 100mm to 05542, 05543, 05545,
150mm thickness 05546, 05547, 05548,
05549, 05550, 05563,
05564, 05582
601 TR6 Deposit Dark brown soft sandy silt 100mm to 180mm {9} 05543, 05545, 05546,
05547, 05548, 0549,
05550, 05563, 05564,
05582
602 TR6 Deposit Yellow clay with stone 05547, 05548, 0549,
05550,
603 TR6 Fill Coarse sand 05546, 00564,
604 TR6 Pipe Gas main 05545, 05546, 00564,
605 TR6 Cut 05545, 05546, 00564,
606 TR6 Land fill Loose angular limestone rubble {10} 05543, 05545, 05546,
05547, 05548, 0549,
05550, 05563, 05564,
05582
A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix II Digital photograph list EV/BKC/13
Photo no Date Camera Size Area View Description Plate

DSC05487 25/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR1 N Initial position of trench 1
DSC05488 25/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR1 S 2nd position for trench 1 due to fence and spoil heap placement
DSC05489 25/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR1 S Topsoil removal [100] brown sand with [102] brown sandy clay beneath PL 01
DSC05490 25/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR1 S Partial appearance of lens of grey clay [101] PL02
DSC05491 25/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR1 NW [102] extending across trench with exposure of [103] coarse sandy clay
DSC05492 25/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR1 V Patch of [105] leading into [101] PL 04
DSC05493 25/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR1 NW Section: [100] [102] over [105] [101] PL 03
DSC05494 25/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR1 NW Eastern 5m section during excavation
DSC05495 25/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR1 NW Western 5m section during excavation
DSC05496 25/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR1 N Trench showing lenses of [104]/[105] in/on [101]. Stone [104] bottom right PL 07
DSC05497 25/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR1 NW N East corner. Clay slope [101] left. [104] over [106] gravels and pebbles
DSC05498 25/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Contexts [200] [201] [202]. PL 09
DSC05499 25/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR2 E Section [200] [201] [202] PL 10
DSC05500 25/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Gas pipe [203,204,205] pipe, cut, fill. PL 08
DSC05501 25/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR2 W [206] grey clay and [207] fill
DSC05502 25/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR2 E Test pit
DSC05513 29/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR1 NE General view of trench after heavy rain (amber warning)
DSC05514 29/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR2 NW Trench 2, eastern section collapse
DSC05515 29/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR2 NW General view of trench after heavy rain (amber warning)
DSC05516 29/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR3 NW Setting out for trench 3
DSC05517 29/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR3 NW Finished excavation of 3, natural bedrock
DSC05518 29/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR3 SE Finished excavation of 3, natural bedrock in bands
DSC05519 29/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR3 SW Finished excavation of 3, natural bedrock in bands, western end
DSC05520 29/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR3 SW Finished excavation of 3, natural bedrock in bands, central section
DSC05521 29/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR3 NW Finished excavation of 3, natural bedrock with scale PL 15
DSC05522 29/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR4 N Finished excavation of 4, natural bedrock
DSC05523 29/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR4 S Finished excavation of 4, natural bedrock PL 20
DSC05524 29/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR4 SE Finished excavation of 4, natural bedrock detail PL 19
DSC05525 30/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR1 NW Section sequence along west edge of trench. 1
DSC05526 30/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR1 NW Section sequence along west edge of trench. 2 PL 06
DSC05528 30/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR1 NW Section sequence along west edge of trench. 3a PL 05
DSC05530 30/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR1 NE View showing conditions during recording
DSC05531 30/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR1 NW Long view from above showing northern end of trench 1 western sequence
DSC05532 30/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR1 NW Long view from above showing northern end of trench 2 western sequence
DSC05538 30/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR5 N Setting out
DSC05539 30/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR5 N Excavation to natural PL 22
DSC05540 30/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR5 SE Northern end of trench PL 23
DSC05541 30/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR6 E Setting out
DSC05542 31/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR6 E Initial scrape
DSC05543 31/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR6 W Initial scrape and gas main, bottom of picture PL 24
DSC05544 31/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR6 W Excavation halted by water table PL 25
DSC05545 31/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR6 N Position of gas main PL 26
DSC05546 31/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR6 N Central section of north edge showing made up ground sequence 1
DSC05549 31/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR6 E Excavation halted PL 27
DSC05550 31/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR4 N Alignment of 4 ranging rods along limestone roads trenches 4 and 3
DSC05551 31/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR3 S Reversal of alignment from trench 3 to 4
DSC05552 31/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR2 V Trench 2 lens fogged
DSC05553 31/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR2 S Trench 2 lens fogged
DSC05554 31/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR2 N Trench 2 lens fogged
DSC05555 31/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR2 E Trench 2 lens fogged
DSC05556 31/10/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR2 SE Trench 2 lens fogged
DSC05557 31/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR2 SE Trench 2 lens fogged
DSC05558 31/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR2 SW Trench 2 lens fogged PL 12
DSC05559 31/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR2 NE Sequence of the section PL 13
DSC05560 31/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR2 NE Sequence above the section
DSC05561 31/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR2 SW Eastern end of south edge section trench 2 PL 11
DSC05562 31/10/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR2 SW Centre of south edge section trench 2
DSC05563 01/11/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR6 E Water table levelled off over night PL 28
DSC05564 01/11/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR6 W Water table levelled off over night
DSC05565 01/11/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR5 S Flooding in trench 5 from overnight rain
DSC05566 01/11/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR5 N Flooding in trench 5 from overnight rain
DSC05567 01/11/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR4 N Test pits to the left and top of the picture PL 21
DSC05568 01/11/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR3 W Main limestone cleared off for survey
DSC05569 01/11/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR3 E Two excavation pits between the limestone roads
DSC05570 01/11/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR1 N Trench flooding
DSC05571 01/11/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR2 E Lens condensation

DSC05572 01/11/2013 Sony F828 2448x3264 TR2 E Trench flooding and test pit full of water PL 14
DSC05573 01/11/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Eastern section of 2 to the east of the gas main, flooding
DSC05574 01/11/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR2 S Eastern section of 2 to the east of the gas main, flooding
DSC05575 01/11/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR3 W Close up of limestone pavement structure 1 PL 17
DSC05576 01/11/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR3 W Close up of limestone pavement structure 2
DSC05577 01/11/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR3 V Sequence of plan views of trench 3, 1
DSC05578 01/11/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR3 V Sequence of plan views of trench 3, 2 PL 16
DSC05579 01/11/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR3 V Sequence of plan views of trench 3, 3 PL 18
DSC05582 01/11/2013 Sony F828 3264x2448 TR5 N Central view of east edge of trench 5. Tree bowl.
A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix 3 EV/COW/13
Finds Index COWBRIDGE
Find no Area Context Description Period Date

1 100 Natural honey flint nodule 25/10/13
3 102 Devonshire slipware 17th-18th 25/10/13
4 201 1 sherd ridge “Vale” ware (Clarke) M 25/10/13
1 sherd iron glazed brown Staffordshire slipware 17th-18th
2 sherds stoneware
1 sherd white china with blue design cup
1 sherd white with blue design cup rim
5 400 1 sherd earthenware 29/10/13
1 sherd glazed earthenware
2 sherds Devonshire slipware 17th-18th
1 shard aqua glass 19th
1 shard aqua glass with lettering, “B,I,R,R,” and partial “E”
1 shard dark green glass
1 shard dark green glass beer bottle bottom
6 402 1 sherd earthenware tile R 29/10/13
2 sherd (refit) earthenware roof tile R
1 sherd earthenware
1 sherd glazed earthenware rim
1 sherd glazed earthenware rim with partial yellow slip, possibly Devonshire 17th-18th
1 sherd brown glazed Rumney ware (Clarke) 18th
1 sherd yellow banded Bristol slipware (Clarke) 19th
1 sherd willow pattern
7 500 1 sherd earthenware R 30/10/13
2 sherds earthenware R
1 earthenware pot rim 15cm diameter R
1 sherd earthenware rim with 30cm diameter R
1 sherd earthenware handle hole R
1 sherd glazed earthenware pot rim 15cm diameter
1 sherd earthenware rim with black inward glaze, 30cm diameter
2 sherd refit North Devonshire slipware (Clarke) 17th
1 sherd local slipware, (Clarke) possibly German slipware (Phillips) 18th or 1581-1630
1 glazed white stoneware jug top
1 sherd tin glazed willow pattern
13 sherds willow pattern china
1 sherd white cup handle with blue design
5 sherds blue and white china
6 sherds white china
3 sherds pearl ware
1 sherd porcelain
2 sherd china cup with black lines
1 sherd cream coloured china plate rim
1 sherd cream coloured china plate bottom
1 sherd lead glazed tea pot with gold decoration around rim
1 bone fragment
1 piece of white plastic 20th
COUNT BAG TO SEE IF ALL THERE
8 501 3 sherds earthenware? R 30/10/13
1 sherd earthenware rim 66cm diameter? R
1 sherd earthenware base 31cm diameter? R
1 sherd Staffordshire slipware 17th-18th
1 sherd iron glazed Staffordshire slipware 17th-18th
1 sherd local slipware with white lines
1 sherd local slipware plate rim glazed 22cm diameter
2 sherds willow pattern
1 shard green glass bowled bottom 19th-20th
1 bone fragment
9 601 8 sherds earthenware R 30/10/13
1 stoneware lid possibly German (Clarke)
1 sherd brown stoneware cup stand
1 sherd white glazed stoneware
1 sherd yellow glazed stoneware
1 sherd brown salt glazed stoneware
1 sherd green South Wales ware (Clarke) 19th
10 sherds glazed earthenware
1 sherd china tin glazed jar or spout rim
1 sherd white china with blue design
1 sherd pearl ware
3 sherds white china plate
5
A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix 3 EV/COW/13
Finds Index COWBRIDGE
1 shard aqua blue glass 19th-20th

1 piece iron
10 606 1 sherd roman roof tile R 01/10/13
th
1 sherd glazed earthenware “Pancheon” base, 20cm diameter 19
20TH
1 piece plastic
6
. Appendix III FINDS
Site adjacent to Bear Hotel car park, North Rd. Cowbridge
DSC05775
1
100
DSC05776
102

DSC05777
3
102
3 102 Devonshire slipware 17th-18th 25/10/13
DSC05778
201
4 201 1 sherd ridge “Vale” ware (Clarke) M 25/10/13

1 sherd iron glazed brown Staffordshire slipware 17th-18th
2 sherds stoneware
1 sherd white china with blue design cup
1 sherd white with blue design cup rim

DSC05779
5
400
5 400 1 sherd earthenware 29/10/13

2 sherds Devonshire slipware 17th-18th
1 shard aqua glass 19th
1 shard aqua glass with lettering, “B,I,R,R,” and partial “E”
1 shard dark green glass
1 shard dark green glass beer bottle bottom
DSC05780
402
6 402 1 sherd earthenware tile R 29/10/13

2 sherd (refit) earthenware roof tile R
1 sherd earthenware
1 sherd glazed earthenware rim
1 sherd glazed earthenware rim with partial yellow slip, possibly Devonshire 17th-18th
1 sherd brown glazed Rumney ware (Clarke) 18th
1 sherd yellow banded Bristol slipware (Clarke) 19th
1 sherd willow pattern

DSC05781
7
500
7 500 1 sherd earthenware R 30/10/13

1 earthenware pot rim 15cm diameter R
1 sherd earthenware rim with 30cm diameter R
1 sherd earthenware handle hole R
1 sherd glazed earthenware pot rim 15cm diameter
1 sherd earthenware rim with black inward glaze, 30cm diameter
2 sherd refit North Devonshire slipware (Clarke) 17th
1 sherd local slipware, (Clarke) possibly German slipware (Phillips) 18th or 1581-1630
1 glazed white stoneware jug top
1 sherd tin glazed willow pattern
13 sherds willow pattern china
1 sherd white cup handle with blue design
5 sherds blue and white china
6 sherds white china
3 sherds pearl ware
1 sherd porcelain
2 sherd china cup with black lines
1 sherd cream coloured china plate rim
1 sherd cream coloured china plate bottom
1 sherd lead glazed tea pot with gold decoration around rim
1 bone fragment
1 piece of white plastic 20th
COUNT BAG TO SEE IF ALL THERE

DSC05782
8
501
8 501 3 sherds earthenware? R 30/10/13

1 sherd earthenware rim 66cm diameter? R
1 sherd earthenware base 31cm diameter? R
1 sherd Staffordshire slipware 17th-18th
1 sherd iron glazed Staffordshire slipware 17th-18th
1 sherd local slipware with white lines
1 sherd local slipware plate rim glazed 22cm diameter
2 sherds willow pattern
1 shard green glass bowled bottom 19th-20th
1 bone fragment

DSC05783
9
601
9 601 8 sherds earthenware R 30/10/13

1 stoneware lid possibly German (Clarke)
1 sherd brown stoneware cup stand
1 sherd white glazed stoneware
1 sherd yellow glazed stoneware
1 sherd brown salt glazed stoneware
1 sherd green South Wales ware (Clarke) 19th
10 sherds glazed earthenware
1 sherd china tin glazed jar or spout rim
1 sherd white china with blue design
1 sherd pearl ware
3 sherds white china plate
1 shard aqua blue glass 19th-20th
1 piece iron

107: Bear Hotel Car Park, North Road, Cowbridge, Vale of Glamorgan. Archaeological Evaluation

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107: Bear Hotel Car Park, North Road, Cowbridge, Vale of Glamorgan. Archaeological Evaluation

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DOCUMENT NO 209 November 2013

Site adjacent to Bear Hotel car park, North Rd, Cowbridge

Planning Application No: 2013/00096/PRE

A planning application was submitted to The Vale of Glamorgan Council (VGC) in

The development of concern was the proposed construction of 5 dwellings on an

One of the supporting documents required was an Archaeological Field

A thin scattering of multi-period ceramic sherds were recovered from surface

Cover Photograph: DSC05518

01 Site Location map

5 Site Location and Description

6 Geology and Topography

7 Brief archaeological and historical background

8 Aims and Objectives

Provide a detailed record of the work to allow for a report to be produced.

Allow for the development to be monitored.

9 Scope of the Work

All remains of potential interest were considered, whatever their date.

1. 10m x 2.4m, north and western corner of site

All finds recovered were recorded to context and bagged.

The output was then exported to Adobe Illustrator for presentation.

13 Evaluation Trenches Results

Trench 1. (refer to figs 02 & 03)

One nodule of honey natural flint was recovered, {1}.

Trench 2. (refer to figs 02 & 04)

Trench 3. (refer to figs 02 & 05)

No finds were associated with trench 3.

Trench 4. (refer to figs 02 & 06)

Trench 5. (refer to figs 02 & 07)

Trench 6. (refer to figs 02 & 08)

14 Discussion and Interpretation

The finds are to be returned to the client for safe keeping.

Specialist Services: Mr S Clarke, Monmouth Archaeology

19 Bibliography and References:

A.P.A.C. Ltd. Design Brief for a Program of Archaeological Evaluation, EV/COW/13

Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

English Heritage Management of Archaeological Projects (1991).

Dalton, A., 23/08/13 Block Plan, plans ahead by emapsite.

Standard and Guidance for an archaeological field evaluation. 2009.

Standard and Guidance for an archaeological watching brief. 2008.

Standard and Guidance for the collection, documentation, conservation and

The Society of Museum

United Kingdom Institute

(VGC) 29 August 2013. P/DC/SR2/2013/00096/PRE

A.P.A.C. Registered Address: 36 Hatherleigh Rd, Abergavenny Monmouthshire NP7 7RG.

Fig 01: Location

North set at magnetic

Fig 02 Trench locations A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/COW/13

Fig 03 Trench 1, section and plan

Fig 04 Trench 2, section and plan

Trench bottom 303 302

Fig 05 Trench 3, section and plan

Fig 06Trench 4, section and plan

Fig 07 Trench 5, section and plan

604 Trench edge

Fig 08 Trench 6, section and plan

Plate 06: Section sequence along west edge of trench. 2

Plate 22: Excavation to natural

Plate 27: Excavation halted

Site: North Rd, Grid Ref: Site No: Alternate No: 1

Site: North Rd, Grid Ref: Site No: Alternate No: 2

Site: North Rd, Grid Ref: Site No: Alternate No: 3

Site: North Rd, Grid Ref: Site No: Alternate No: 4

Site: North Rd, Grid Ref: Site No: Alternate No: 5

Site: North Rd, Grid Ref: Site No: Alternate No: 6