121: Buckwell Farm, Usk, Monmouthshire. Desk Based Assessment

DOCUMENT NO 234 2014
A.P.A.C. Ltd.
Archaeological Perspectives Analysis Consultancy
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
DESK BASED ASSESSMENT
Buckwell Farm, Nr Usk
DK/UBF/14
Prepared for:
Buckle Chamberlain (Agents)
By: Dr N Phillips.
A.P.A.C. Buckwell Farm, Usk DB/UMP/14
Summary
An application was submitted to the local planning authority requesting approval for the
installation of Solar Panel Arrays across an area of farm land.
GGAT identified the potential that the proposed works may impact upon the historical and
archaeological resources of the area.
Consequently, they recommended that the MCC should defer any decision on the planning
application until a programme of research was completed into the presence of historical and
archaeological resources of the area.
This desk-based assessment collates the known heritage of the area to show that the proposed
development is not likely to have any impact on any known archaeological resources
Copyright Notice:
A.P.A.C. Ltd. retains copyright of this report under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988.
The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100046577) to reproduce map information; Copyright remains
otherwise with the Ordnance Survey.
Cover photograph: DSC06321, proposed fields for development, view towards north from Cas troggy.
1
Contents
1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................4
2 Location...................................................................................................................................4
3 Scope and Objectives of the Study..........................................................................................4
4 Methodology ...........................................................................................................................5
5 Geology and Topography ........................................................................................................5
6 Archaeological and historical background ..............................................................................6
7 Desk-top Assessment and Baseline Conditions ....................................................................11
8 Predicted Impacts of the Proposal on Known Archaeology .................................................11
9 Predicted Impacts of the Proposal on the Setting of Nearby Heritage Assets ......................12
10 Summary and Recommendations ......................................................................................13
11 Acknowledgements ...........................................................................................................13
12 Archive ..............................................................................................................................13
13 Staff ...................................................................................................................................13
14 Bibliography and References: ...........................................................................................14
2
Figures
1. Site Location map

2. HER record map
3. Proposed site with HER
4. Map progressions
3
1 Introduction
An application for the installation of photovoltaic panels (circa 32,430 panels), and gravel access track at Buckwell
Farm, Pen Y Cae Mawr, Usk, NP15 1LX, was submitted to Monmouthshire County Council (MCC), in October
2013, by Mr C Bevan of Buckle Chamberlain Partnership Ltd (agent) for Mr B Stephens (client), (MCC,
DC2013/00925).
Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust (GGAT) advisors to MCC Planning identified ‘a possible issue for this
planning application’, (MON2075/GP).
The Historic Environment Record indicates that, while there are no previously recorded
archaeological sites within the proposed area, a substantial number of sites ranging from the
Prehistoric to Post-Medieval periods are present within the vicinity of the development.
Although the applicant has submitted a Landscape Character and Visual Assessment in support
of the application that acknowledges the importance of heritage assets, this assessment has not
considered the impact on the setting of either designated or non-designated archaeological
sites within the zone of Theoretical Visibility, and this has restricted its assessment of the
historic built environment to listed buildings
(ibid.).
Landscape Character and Visual Assessment (TDA 2013)
(MCC, DC2013/00925).
Consequently, GGAT advised MCC to defer a determination on the application until and archaeological assessment
had been undertaken and submitted in accordance with advice given in Welsh Office Circular 60/69, Section 12.
Mr C. Bevan contacted APAC. Ltd to undertake the assessment and after reading through the relevant information
supplied on the planning portal, telephone and email conversations with both GGAT and Mr Bevan agreed to take
the contract resulting firstly in the production of a design brief.
The design brief DB2:DK/UBF/14 was approved as ‘fit for purpose’ by GGAT on the 26th Feb 2014 allowing the
work to progress.
2 Location
Buckwell Farm, NGR 342150 196454, can be reached from M4 junction 24 by taking A48, east from the Coldra
roundabout at Newport and a left through the village of Parc Seymour.
At the junction with the Usk Rd, turn left, then right and continue along ‘Old Rd’ until the driveway for Buckwell
Farm on the left, fig 01.
The site is approximately 18.2 hectares of hedgerow enclosed pasture land, on a south easterly valley side through
which runs a small stream, Cas Troggy.
The Cas Troggy runs along the southern boundary of the site separated from it by a rural lane.
3 Scope and Objectives of the Study
The scope and objectives of the study followed the guidelines as set out in The Institute of Archaeologists Standard
and Guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment 2012: http://www.archaeologists.net/codes/ifa
In brief:
The main scope and objectives of the archaeological assessment were to reveal by desk-based study, the nature,
significance and, where possible, the chronology of the archaeology within the area of the proposed development.
The purpose of the desk-based assessment is to gain information about the known or potential archaeological
resource within the given area (including presence or absence, character and extent, date, integrity, state of
4
preservation and relative quality of the potential archaeological resource), in order to make an assessment of its
merit in context, leading to one or more of the following:
 the formulation of a strategy to ensure the recording, preservation or management of the resource.
 the formulation of a strategy for further investigation, whether or not intrusive, where the character and
value of the resource is not sufficiently defined to permit a mitigation strategy or other response to be
devised.
 the formulation of a proposal for further archaeological investigation within a programme of research.
4 Methodology
For the purposes of the archaeological desk based assessment, the following sources were consulted:
 Gwent Archive
 The National Monuments Record (RCAHMW, Aberystwyth)
 The Historic Environment Record (GGAT, Swansea)
 Cadw
 All Ordnance Survey maps of the site and its environs
 Tithe, Apportionment and Parish maps (where available)
 Other Historical maps held in the Gwent Archives, Local Museums, Libraries or other Archives (where
relevant)
 Appropriate archaeological and historical books and journals, particularly excavation reports on works
carried out by Professor Manning between 1968 and 1976, and other evaluations undertaken in the study
area, including GGAT excavation report No. 230 and records of the partial excavation carried out at The
Orchard (GGAT event number E000326)
 Aerial Photographs
 All available borehole and trial pit data from the site and its immediate environs
 Any further geophysical and /or geotechnical data available
 A site inspection was carried out and information relating to current land use and any other factors which
might affect the nature and survival of the archaeological resource
 Information regarding previous development work on the site will be collated and the impact on
archaeological remains assessed’
The data researched was cross referenced within the works collected to produce an overall record of the known
archaeological and historical resources of the site and its setting.
The data is initially presented as an overview of the general area before narrowing down to a 1 km search zone as
advised by GGAT.
5 Geology and Topography
The site is situated in a shallow east/west orientated valley through which runs the Cas Troggy Brook.
To the north and south, the valley rises from an enclosed and domesticated landscape of pastoral and arable land use
towards wooded hills, one of which, Wentwood to the south, retains much evidence of past management
The majority of area stands on solid bedrock ‘Brownstones Formation’: Red, brown and purple fluvial sandstones
with red mudstone interbeds (BGS, Geoindex).
Surrounding borehole data results give:
BGS REF NGR Upper Stratigraphy Distance from site

ST49/11 342960 196910 Clay to 19ft Marl to 22ft 1 km north east
ST49/11 341000 196200 Clay to 15ft Marl to 22ft 1 km west
ST49NW/2 341210 197400 Clay to 10ft Marl to 95ft 0.57 km north
ST49NW/3 341100 197150 Clay to 11ft Marl to 83ft 1.6 km north west
5
A landscape character and visual impact assessment of the proposed development has been undertaken prior to the
present work in which was recorded the following:
3.5 The site is located within the Eastern Foothills & Escarpments Special Landscape Area as
defined by Monmouthshire County Councils Draft Special Landscapes Areas Supplementary
Planning Guidance, December 2003…
3.6 The site is surrounded by many Monmouthshire County Council Rights of Way and also located
adjacent to and within close proximity of designated national and regional cycle routes as defined
by up to date mapping provided by Sustrans…
The site does not contain any listed buildings or scheduled ancient monuments…
(TDA 2003)
6 Archaeological and historical background
General area historic results
It is known that the general area of South East Wales; in which Buckwell Farm is located, has hosted human events
since Prehistoric times, as evidenced by the remains of various period sites and small finds over the years.
Within the vicinity of the site are such archaeological resources as:
To the east Gaer Llywd, SAM MM013, one of the earliest portal Dolmens in the country (Lynch p65 1976).
To the south west Cas Troggy SAM MM15, reputed to be one of a perimeter of six castles built by the de Clares
early in the Norman Period to protect the then Royal Forest , (Phillips, p106. 2006).
Bradney wrote of the surprising need to build such a castle after the death of Llewelyn ap Gruffydd and the peace
that followed and suggested that Roger Bigod built it to ‘awe the wild and lawless Welshmen living in and about the
Wentwood…’ (Bradney p160, 1932).
Wentwood; believed to have originally covered some 7000 acres between the Usk and the Wye has been the focus
of a few archaeological surveys in recent years which have revealed a great deal of interaction in medieval and post
medieval times, interspersed with some evidence of prehistoric presence.
Buckwell Farm lies within the parish of Newchurch; a parish divided into two hamlets Newchurch East and
Newchurch West, with the new church of St Peter (medieval origin) standing on a ridge at the junction of the two
parts, (Newman, p420. 2000).
The eastern half appears to have always been more populous, with 114 houses recorded in 1861 against 36 in the
west, (Bradney, p160. 1932).
Apart from an increase of 4 houses in Newchurch West recorded in 1869, (Clark, p223), both parishes have declined
so that in 1921 the east had only 73 and the west 25, (Bradney, p160. 1932).
Clark also recorded two principle Farms; Great House and Buckwell.
Historic Environment Records
At the beginning of this project, GGAT defined the specific search area to 1 KM around the site centred on 342150
196454 (GGAT Parker, G. email 12/02/2014).
On receipt of this specification, the agent applied for a HER search and duly received the following information:
Surrounding vicinity supplied as text from HER:
GGAT ID NGR SITE TYPE PERIOD

E001406 EAS 2009 Archaeological Survey Wentwood
E001408 EAS 2009 Archaeological Survey Wentwood
GGAT09232g 343063 194350 charcoal burning platform Post-
Medieval
6
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
GGAT09238g 342005 194997 Saw Pit Post-
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
7
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
Medieval
GGAT09335g 341666 195011 bank (earthwork) Post-
Medieval
Surrounding vicinity supplied as map from HER:

E003071 3415 1952 Monmouth
Archaeology WB
E001507 GGAT 78 Defended Enclosures of
Gwent
09760g
01118g 34088 19555 Enclosure Unknown
09749g
08583g 34116 19534 Trackway Unknown
09866g
01117g 34072 19657 Farm Post-Medieval
04033g 340687 197163 Mill Post-Medieval
01116g 34073 19725 House Post-Medieval
8
03310g 34006 19734 Enclosure Unknown
01128g 34256 19803 Barn Post-Medieval
09797g
01135g 344 198 The churchyard at Unknown
Llangwm Uchaf
09936g
09768g
01138g
09363.0g 343621 195937 trackway Post-Medieval
09745g
09904g
09233g 341940 195040 Managed Woodland Post-Medieval
01120g 34151 19520 Castle Medieval
Within the 1 km perimeter supplied by HER

E001508 GGAT 78 Defended Enclosures Prehistoric
of Gwent
09944g
09939g
01129g (E001508) 34258 19753 Enclosure Unknown
01130g 34303 19762 Country house Post-Medieval
09941g
09942g
09950g
08910g 34250 19718 Chapel Post-Medieval
01136g 34357 19682 Farm Post-Medieval
01141g 3432 1968 Grange Medieval
09766g
09948g
09949g
09364.0g
09249g (E001406) 342570 195870 Managed Woodland Post-Medieval
09964g
09372g 342161 195725 stone quarry Post-Medieval
09371.0g 342217 195939 trackway
01121g 3418 1957 House Medieval
01119g 34130 19540 Earthwork Post-Medieval
09754g
09755g
09759g
The above data has been added to a background map of the area fig 02 and colour coded to periods identified in the
HER; ‘unknown, medieval and post medieval’.
Beginning with the outer search perimeter, the archaeological resources can be seen to be dominated by post
medieval features relating almost exclusively to wood management: charcoal burning, sawpits and track ways.
9
These post medieval resources arose from The Wentwood Survey Project, E001406 & E001408 undertaken by
Engineering Archaeological Services 2008/9
This is not really a surprise considering how important charcoal supplies were in this area for the local iron
industries.
To the wood management records can be added three houses: 01114g, 01116g, 011139g, two farms: 01117g,
01136g, one chapel: 0891g, one mill: 04033g and a barn: 01128g to complete the compliment of post medieval
archaeological resources.
From the medieval period must be added 1 medieval house: 01121g and a castle: 01120g Cadw MM015; although
01117g listed above as post medieval also has the remains of a motte and bailey, Cadw MM061, which has been
recorded and surveyed (Phillips, p164. 2006).
The rest of the archaeological resources listed by the HER amount to two enclosures: 0118g, 03310g, a track way:
0858g and a church yard: 01135g, of unknown date.
Within the specified 1 km perimeter the dominance of the known archaeological resources are extensions of the
above noted post medieval wood management sites of the Wentwood.
There are only a few exceptions:
an enclosure of unknown date 01129g

a medieval origin house ‘Plateland’ 01121g
documentary interpretation of a 1223 charter; area as ‘Assart Grange’ to Monks of Tintern.01141g.
The search perimeter and included HER known resources are shown in fig 03 overlaying the Buckwell farm
Location Plan (1106[BD]1003).
It can be quite clearly seen from this that the proposal will have no impact on any of known archaeological
resources.
Cartographic Information
Both Tithe maps; Newchurch East and Newchurch West were accessed at Gwent Archive office but it was not
possible to identify Buckholt/Buckwell farm with any degree of certainty.
Map progression therefore relies on Ordnance Survey mapping.
Four maps have been scaled and are presented in fig 04 for comparison, show the changes to the area of the site
since 1830 to present.
The first map, a, is the present site location map with the proposed area drawn in red.
Map b, is the 1st series Ordnance survey map of 1830 which shows the farm ‘ The Buckholt’ as a house and barn in
a rectangular enclosure reached by an access road, down hill to the south.
In comparison with the proposed site, it can be seen that two areas south of the farm, one east and one west were
given over to trees.
Noting the extensive land management of the adjacent Wentwood it is possible that similar land use was undertaken
within these wooded areas.
The 3rd map c shows the farm layout some 52 years later when the wooded areas have been reduced to two narrow
strips and the land has been sectioned off into the smaller rectilinear fields that exist at present.
Access to the farm (Buckwell) is from the west were the road follows the contour of the hill. Another route is noted
as a diagonal path to the south west.
10
There were no further changes noted on the 1902 and 1920 revisions and the last map, d, 1973 attests to this because
with the exception of a new metal clad barn next to the original farm complex, the 1973 map is practically identical
to that of 1882.
It can be seen from the map progressions that there are two possible areas of interest may be impacted upon by the
development.
These are the two areas of woodland shown on the 1830 1st series survey and the original road to the south which is
now used as a path and field edge; still retaining a raised bank to the east.
Site Inspection
A site inspection was attempted on the 12th of March 2014, unfortunately in conditions of poor visibility.
No additional visible features were recorded.
A second site inspection was carried out on 14th of March, see cover photograph.
During the second visit, the visual impact of the proposal from the viewpoint of the heritage settings was assessed.
7 Desk-top Assessment and Baseline Conditions
A.P.A.C. Ltd holds a limited amount of reference material on Monmouthshire in its library and in this instance was
able to provide the copies of antiquarian books and journals relating to the known archaeology of the general area
which furnished most of the background history.
The Archaeology Data Service http://ads.ahds.ac.uk, was accessed online for archaeological resources recorded
within the vicinity of the site. The online link directed the search to archwilio.
The British Geological Survey, web site, www.bgs.ac.uk, was accessed online for Geo-technical data. The online
search was able to provide a good geological appraisal of the area and show that there had been no geological work
done in the area designated for this (DBA).
British Listed Buildings, again an online search archive http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/ was able to confirm
there were no listed buildings within the search area.
Cadw was accessed online for known archaeological resources within the area and the specific site research
parameter.
Gwent County Archives was able to supply relevant Ordnance survey maps, tithe maps and apportionments. The
latter proved to be unproductive as any reference to the farm could not be determined. Both east and west maps are
quite sparsely populated and are in very large, unwieldy formats.
Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments Wales was accessed through the ADS database, see
above and Coflein which did not increase the information provided by archwilio.
Historic Environment Record, held by GGAT was accessed with a search requested by the client’s agent for a 1km
search perimeter around the site centre; co ordinate 342150 196454.
Archwilio, the searchable database of the Welsh Archaeological Trusts was used to add detail to the data resulting
from the above search request.
8 Predicted Impacts of the Proposal on Known Archaeology
There are no known archaeological resources within the area to be developed, although the mapping shows that two
areas of wood land have been removed and the access to the farm changed.
Whether the woods would yield archaeological resources relating to wood management or the disused tack way any
chance finds is pure speculation.
11
The surroundings do however; show that there has been a human presence in the vicinity since prehistoric times and
that this greatly increased in the post medieval period.
However, there has since been a steady decline of habitation since the beginning of the 19th century.
9 Predicted Impacts of the Proposal on the Setting of Nearby Heritage Assets
A Landscape Character and Visual Impact Assessment study was completed for the proposed work in 2013 by TDA
Environment, Landscape, Design.
Their conclusions were:
4.21 The visual appraisal has established that, with the exception of photo viewpoints 11 & 12,
views of the site from surrounding areas accessible to the general public are predominantly
screened by a combination of native field boundary hedgerows & hedgerow trees, the natural
undulating topography of the area, linear woodlands and coniferous trees.
However, GGAT advised that:
although the applicant has submitted a Landscape Character and Visual assessment in support
of the application that acknowledges the importance of the heritage assets, this assessment has
not considered the impact on the setting of either designated or non-designated archaeological
sites within the Zone of Theoretical Visibility, and has restricted its assessment of the historic
built environment to Listed Buildings.
MON2075/GP. 20 Dec 2013.
The above conclusion 4.12 was undertaken from fieldwork in October 2013, when the trees and hedgerows were in
full cover, which would have presented a major obstacle for any viewpoint study.
Tree and hedgerow cover during this study however was sparse; with new growth, just beginning therefore the
visual obstacle presented was greatly reduced.
Specific viewpoints at heritage assets were visited and assessed as to the potential visual impact of the proposed
works:
‘Old Road’, from which Buckwell farm is now accessed, runs effectively across a ridge, sometimes running in a
hollow between thick tall hedges.
This effectively blocks any viewpoint from the north east, north and north west and west; furthermore, Buckwell
farm buildings stand on the edge of a change of slope, which increases in gradient to the proposed fields, thereby
blocking views from the road because of the ‘false crest’.
Viewed from the south west at Castle Troggy SAM MM15 the view of the site is blocked by the tree line.
Views from the south, south east and east cover the post medieval resources recorded in the north western reaches of
the Surveys undertaken by EAS E001046 & E001048, discussed above as well as the medieval house, 01121g.
With the exception of 01121g from which the view would be restricted by trees, the heritage resources consist of
charcoal burning platforms and sawpits.
It is questionable that such faint remains, which are the norm for these types of features, would be of interest to the
public, but if so, then the dense tree cover in which by their nature they are situated, would prevent any casual views
of the proposed site.
Towards the east the HER lists a post medieval farm: 01136 and a general area for the medieval grange 01141g both
of which would appear to be on private land, but are likely to be out of site of the proposed farm.
Although not included in the HER research, but of major importance in the vicinity and noted for its visual
prominence in the landscape, is the Prehistoric site of Gaer Llywdd, MM013, 01140g, (Phillips & McFarlan 2008).
12
Gaerllwydd is ≤ 2.5km east of the site along the valley from the proposed site.
Viewing west from Gaerllywd, the proposed site cannot be seen due not only to the road side hedges but more
effectively by the presence of the secondary ridge to the west, which prevents Gaerllwyd from being seen from the
lower valley (ibid).
The conclusion therefore supports the earlier TBA report, with the addition that there is likely to be no impact on the
heritage assets of the area.
10 Summary and Recommendations
The desk top research has produced some information suggesting that the general vicinity has had human presence
since prehistoric times, culminating in a peak during the post medieval period.
The site itself has been farmed since at least 1830 with little change, mostly all addition rather than disuse or
abandonment
The proposed development will have no impact on any known archaeological resources.
The area does have a minimal potential, based on its surroundings, for undiscovered archaeological resources to be
present.
It is therefore recommended that all ground disturbance on the site, including turf removal for the garage and drive
should be subject to a condition requiring an archaeological watching brief.
11 Acknowledgements
My thanks to the staff at the HER for their assistance and Clive Bevan at Buckle Chamberline Associates for all the
documentation.
12 Archive
Original archive will be retained by APAC Ltd.
A secondary Archive will be deposited with Gwent Records Office.
Copies of the final report will be deposited with the client, agent, and the HER.
A copy of the report will be placed online at sribd and a synopsis sent to Archaeology in Wales.
13 Staff
Dr. Neil Phillips, AIFA.
The copyright for this report shall remain with the A.P.A.C. Ltd.
13
14 Bibliography and References:
APAC. Ltd., 2014. Design Brief for an Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment, 51 Maryport St, Usk.
DB:DB5/UMP/14.
Bradney J., 1932 A History of Monmouthshire from the coming of the Nomans into Wales down to present
time (1994 re prt) Volume 4, Part 2. The hundred of Caldicot ( part 2). Merton Priory
Press.
Buckle Chamberlain
Partnership Ltd Site Location Plan NA 1106[BD]1003 Sept 2013.
Proposed site Layout plan 1106[BD]1002 Sept 2013.
Proposed boundary details 1106[BD]1003 Sept 2003.
Cadw Guide to Good Practice on Using the Register of landscapes of Historic Interest in Wales
in the Planning and Development Process. (ASIDOHL2) 2007.
Conservation principles for the suitable management of the historic environment in

Wales 2011.
Clark, J. H., 1869. History of Monmouthshire. Usk.
English Heritage The Setting of Heritage Assets. June 2012.
Institute of
Archaeologists Code of approved practice for the regulation of contractual arrangements
in archaeology 2008.
Standard and guidance for desk-based assessment 2012
Glamorgan Gwent
Archaeological Trust MON2075/GP. RE: Installation of photovoltaic panels (circa 32,430), gravel access
track: Buckwell Farm, pen Y Cae Mawr, Usk PL.APP. No: DC/2013/00925.
Early medieval ecclastical sites in southeast Wales. DBA. Evans, E., 2003/030.
Project no: GGAT 73.
Lynch, F., 1976. Towards a Chronology of Megalithic Tombs in Wales. In Boon, G.c., & Lewis, J. M.,
(eds.) Welsh Antiquity. 63-79.
Monmouthshire
County Council DC/2013/00925 Application for Planning Permission.
Monmouth Archaeology Watching Brief Report, Castle Cottage, Pen-y-Cae Mawr, Usk. Clarke, S., & Bray, J.
Newman, J., 2000. The Buildings of Wales Gwent/Monmouthshire. Penquin Books. UWP.
Phillips, N., 2006. Earthwork castles of Gwent and Ergyng 1050-1250 AD. BAR 420.
Phillips, N., &

McFarlane, I., 2008. The Neolithic Tomb at Gaerllwydd, Newchurch West. Monmouthshire Antiquarian
Assocition. VOL. XXIV.
Phillips, N., &

McFarlane, I., 2008b. Gaerllwyd, Shirenewton. Archaeology in Wales, 48, 117-118.
14
TDA Environment
Landscape Design Landscape Character and Visual Impact Assessment of Proposed Solar Development on
Land at Buckwell Farm, Text, Plans, Photographs & Appendices 2013
Usk Land Survey Buckwell Farm Topographical Survey. 01291-1, June 2013.
Online:
Archaeology Data Service
http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/
Archwilio The Historic Environment Record of the Welsh Archaeological Trusts.

http://www.archwilio.org.uk/
British Geological Survey

http://www.bgs.uk/geoindex/
British Listed Buildings

http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk
Magic
http://magic.defra.gov.uk/
Old Maps
http://www.old-maps.co.uk/
Open street map

http://www.openstreetmap.org/way
Promap
http://www.promap.co.uk/
Royal Commission of Ancient and Historical Monuments Wales

http://www.rcahmw.gov.uk/LO/ENG/Search+Records/Explore+Coflein/
Vision of Britain through Time

http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk
A.P.A.C. Registered Address: 36 Hatherleigh Rd, Abergavenny Monmouthshire NP7 7RG.

Tel: 07734962919. Mobile: 07734962919 Email: apac.philips@btinternet.com
Company Registration No 5041541 VAT Reg No 826 3628 19
Director: Dr. N. Phillips D.Phil. M. Phil. BA (Hons).Cert Ed/FE. AIFA.
15
Ordnance Survey Copyright Licence (No. 100046577)

Fig 01: Location
A.P.A.C. Ltd DK/UBF/14
01128g 01135g
01114g
01130g
01129g
03310g
01116g
04033g 08910g
0923470g
0923469g
0923473g 01141g 01136g Unknown period
0923467g
0923466g
Medieval
0923465g
01117g 09368.0g
09369.0g Post-Medieval
09361.0g
0923464g
0923462g
0923475g 09362.1g
09263g 0923461g
09371.0g 0923458g
0923477g 09362.0g
0923468g 0923459g 09366.0g
0923460g

0923471g
0923476g 0923472g 0923452g
0923474g 0923456g 09363.0g
0923478g 0923475g 0923452g
0929249g
092346880g
092346883g 0923453g 0923455g
01121g 0923486g
0923485g 09251g
09373.0g 092346884g
01118g 09365.0gg
09372g 092346881g
092346882g
01119g 0923450g
09247g 092346879g
08583g 09245g 09244g
09246g
01120g 09241g
09243g 09236g
09242g 09240g
09239g
09335g
09238g
0923460g
09234g
09237g
09235g
09233g
09248g
09232g
1 km
Fig 02: HER search results

08910g
Unknown period
1 km diameter Medieval
Post-Medieval
0923467g 0923464g
0923465g 09369.0g
0923466g
0923470g
0923469g
0923473g
0923468g
0923471g
0923475g 0923472g
0923474g
0923477g 09371.0g
0923475g
0923478g 0923476g
0929249g
092346880g
0923486g
092346883g
0923485g
092346884g
092346879g
09372g 092346881g
092346882g
01121g
09373.0g
Fig 03: Proposed site with HER

a b
Site location 1830 1st series Ordnance Survey. Sheet 35. 1:63360
0 500m
c d
1882 Ordnance Survey Monmouthshire 1:2500 1973 Ordnance Survey Gloucestershire. A.P.A.C. Ltd DK/UBF/14
1:2500
Fig 04: Map progression

121: Buckwell Farm, Usk, Monmouthshire. Desk Based Assessment

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121: Buckwell Farm, Usk, Monmouthshire. Desk Based Assessment

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DOCUMENT NO 234 2014

DESK BASED ASSESSMENT

Buckwell Farm, Nr Usk

1. Site Location map

3 Scope and Objectives of the Study

5 Geology and Topography

Surrounding borehole data results give:

BGS REF NGR Upper Stratigraphy Distance from site

6 Archaeological and historical background

General area historic results

Historic Environment Records

Surrounding vicinity supplied as text from HER:

GGAT ID NGR SITE TYPE PERIOD

Surrounding vicinity supplied as map from HER:

GGAT ID NGR SITE TYPE PERIOD

Within the 1 km perimeter supplied by HER

GGAT ID NGR SITE TYPE PERIOD

There are only a few exceptions:

an enclosure of unknown date 01129g

Map progression therefore relies on Ordnance Survey mapping.

No additional visible features were recorded.

7 Desk-top Assessment and Baseline Conditions

8 Predicted Impacts of the Proposal on Known Archaeology

9 Predicted Impacts of the Proposal on the Setting of Nearby Heritage Assets

Their conclusions were:

However, GGAT advised that:

10 Summary and Recommendations

Original archive will be retained by APAC Ltd.

A secondary Archive will be deposited with Gwent Records Office.

14 Bibliography and References:

Proposed site Layout plan 1106[BD]1002 Sept 2013.

Proposed boundary details 1106[BD]1003 Sept 2003.

Conservation principles for the suitable management of the historic environment in

Clark, J. H., 1869. History of Monmouthshire. Usk.

English Heritage The Setting of Heritage Assets. June 2012.

Standard and guidance for desk-based assessment 2012

Phillips, N., &

Phillips, N., &

Archwilio The Historic Environment Record of the Welsh Archaeological Trusts.

British Geological Survey

British Listed Buildings

Open street map

Royal Commission of Ancient and Historical Monuments Wales

Vision of Britain through Time

A.P.A.C. Registered Address: 36 Hatherleigh Rd, Abergavenny Monmouthshire NP7 7RG.

Ordnance Survey Copyright Licence (No. 100046577)

Ordnance Survey Copyright Licence (No. 100046577)

Fig 02: HER search results

Fig 03: Proposed site with HER

Fig 04: Map progression

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