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." ,rl
TEST CODE O2TO7O 1S
FORM TP 2017tst
MAY/JUNE 2OI7
cARTBBEAN ExAnaiffioxs couNcrr,
CARIBBEAN ADYANCED PROFICIENCY
EXAMINATION@
BIOLOGY
UNITT-paper0I
I hour 30 minutes

12 JUNE 2011 (a.m.)

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS
CAREFULLY.
t. This test consists of 45 items. you
wi, have r hour and 30 minutes to answer
2. In addition to this test booklet, them.
you should have an answer
sheet.
J.
thar rhe answer sheet provides
,?""*rlror"#ff:"0 spaces for more answers
tlran there are
4. Each item in this test has
four suggested a:s1ve1
you are about to answer rettered (A),
.r, (B),
- (c), (D). Read each item
and dec]ie wtricfr choice
i, U"o.r.
5. on your answer shee! find
the number which corresponds
having the same refter as to your item and shade
,h" unil;;u'nur* the space
"h;;":";;"irr, ,n" sampre item berow.
Sample Item

.Which
of the following metal atoms
in a haemoglobin molecule? ---"'r is '|u
present
',tt
SampleAnswqr
(A) Iron
(B)
(C)
Copper
calcium
o@o@
(D) Magnesium
The correct answer to
this item is "rron", so (A)
has been shaded.
6.
vour answeE erase it completelv
berore vou fill in
7. ffi;l ;:;T::" vour new choice.
rryou;.;,;;;;;;'.::ffi-:[* iiff"r:d.york
as quickry and as careruny
as you can.
one' You may return to
8. You may do any rough that ii., i"t*..
work in rhi, b.ok;;ext
9. Figures are not necessarily
drawn to scale.
10. The use of non-programmable
calculators is allowed.

NOT IS P,4.GE
iii''iJ
l'<'-'r Conr riqhr lori
 -2-
1. Pistia stratiores (water lettuce) is arosette-like plant found floating inponds and natural waterways.

Which of the following properties of water assists the plants to float?

(A) High cohesion

(B) High specific heat
(C) High latent heat of fusion
(D) High latent heat of vaporization

Item 2 refers to the following structures of two biological molecules.

RloR3

Hll
lnll
-rrN-/CHNCCH
\c/ \cttl
o& I
\x/
HII
I

\c.-'
o
.,ba\3'"
2. Which of the following combinations correctly describes the structure of Molecules I and lI?

I II
(A) 2 amino acids joined by a peptide bond 4-glucose residuesjoined by a I ,4 glycosidic
2
bond
(B) 2 amino acids joined by a glycosidic bond 2 p-glucose residues joined by a 1,4 peptide
bond
(c) 3 amino acids joined by 2 peptide bonds 2 B-glucose residuesjoined by a 1 ,4 glycosidic
bond
(D) 3 amino acids joined by 2 glycosidic bonds 2 4-glucose residues ioined by a peptide bond

3. A diet high in triglycerides may lead to 4. Which of the following combinations of

obesity. The feature oftriglycerides which properties of glucose is as a result of its
MOST likely contributes to this is that they simple ring structure?

(A) are insoluble in water I. It can be rapidly oxidized to release

(B) have many C-H bonds energy.
(C) eontain glycerol molecules II. It is arelatively unreactive molecule.
(D) have many -OH groups Iil. It is an important monomer of
polysaccharides.

(A) I and II only

(B) I and III only
(c) ll and III only
(D) I, II and III

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02107010/cAPE20t7
 -3-
5. What is the HICHEST level of protein
structure exhibited by haemoglobin?

(A) Primary
(B) Secondary
(c) Tertiary
(D) Quatemary

Item 6 refers to the following information.

Students conduct the Benedict's test on four different clear solutions containing varying amounts
of a reducing sugar- The results, indicating the degree of colour change, are shown below.

I#;;". l*''ii"" lil'n'** lil""#"""

3
Solution I
B
Solution 2
U
Solution 3
B
Solution 4

6. Which of the following combinations shows the correct sequence of the solutions, in ascending
order, from the LEAST amount of reducing sugar to the MOST?

Solutions
(A) 1 2 J 4
(B) I 4 2 J
(c) 2 4 1 3
(D) J 2 4 1

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 -4

Item 7 refers to the following diagram Item 8 refers to the following diagram
representing the structure of an animal cell which shows a ffansverse section of a plant
as seen under an electron microscope. structure.

o la t

t'o

!r'
o
a

a
['. a

a o

8. The area labelled X represents

(A) a cell
(B) a tissue
(c) an organ
7. Which ofthe following structures, present in
(D) a system
this cell, would NOT be seen in a bacterial
cell?

(A) Ribosomes
(B) Cytoplasm
(c) Cell membrane
(D) Nuclear membrane

9. Which of the following combinations correctly identifies structures typical of a eukaryotic cell?

Endoplasmic Mitochondria Nuclear 70 S Ribosome

Reticulum Membrane
(A) x x
(B) { x
(c) x x x
(D) { x

Key {: present
x: absent

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02107010/CAPE 2017
 -5

10. Bobby is given atropical freshwaterfish for 13. Which of the following is the BEST
his birthday. Experimenting with the fish, example of anabolism?
he places it in seawater and it dies. Which
of the following statements MOST likely (A) Glycogen is converted to glucose.
explains the reason for its death? (B) Peptide bonds are hydrolysed by
peptidases.
(A) Water diffuses out of the fish. (C) Amino acids joined by peptide
(B) Water diffuses into the fish. bonds to form a polypeptide.
(C) tons diffuse from the fish to the (D) Amylose and amylopectin combine
seawater. to form starch molecules.
(D) Less oxygen is in seawater than
freshwater
Item 14 refersto the following graph which
ffi1n" effect of pH on the activity of
11. When a plant cell is placed in a solution enzymes.
with a less negative water potential than
its cell sap, the cell becomes more
IIIW
(A) turgid because water diffuses into
the cell
(B) flaccid because water diffuses out Rate of
of the cell reaction
(C) turgid becausethe solution diffuses
into the cell 4 5 6 7I910
(D) flaccid because the solution difftrses pH
out of the cell
14. Pepsin is an enzyme found in the human
alimentary system. Which of the above
12. Which of the following is NOT a role of activity curves BEST represents the action
phospholipids in cell membranes? of pepsin?
(A) Act as a barrier for movement of (A) I
materials (B) II
(B) Form vesicles in the process of (c) III
phagocytosis (D) Iv
(C) Maintain the cell and organelles
within a fluid environment
(D) Dkeetly move material along a
concentration gradient

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02107010/cAPE2017
 -6-
Item 15 refers to the following diagrams 16. Which of the following is found in both
which represent an enzyme and a substrate DNA and transfer RNA?
molecule, labelled X and Y. ln a timed
enzyme-catalysed investi gation to measure
(A) Uracil
reaction rate, equal amounts of the
(B) Ribose

molecules are mixed.

(C) Sugar-phosphate backbone
(D)

v9
Double helix structure

17. Which ofthe following diagrams illustrates

the semi-eonservative method of repl ication
of DNA?

f5. With reference to the diagrams, which of

the following is correct about the rate of
reaction between X and Y?

(A) The reaction would progress rapidly

EH HH
/\ /\ /\ /\
(B)
from start to finish.
The reaction rate would be slow D( 6U
Da oo
(l l) ( l ( )

(C)
initially then increase rapidlY.
There would be a very slow reaction SU
() (.) UU
pq (, (
rate throughout
the reaction-
the Progress of
Itr
aa HIlEH
mw
)

(D) Therewouldbenoreactionbetween
Molecules X and Y. (A) I
(B) II
(c) III
(D) rv
Item 18 refers to a piece of a DNA strand showing the triplet codons, and a table which shows the
triplet codons and their relative amino acids.
DNA strand 5' TATCTATTTCGAAACAGA 3'
UUBi'* U33l ^ ut8],,'u8B]*"
uuA r. ucA l ""t UM Stop UGA Stop
uuolt"'ucoJ UAG Stop UGG Trp
cuu t ccuI
3Xi[*, ffiil'.
cusj ccoJ iMH IEE}-
AUU I Acu I
AUC I llo ACC [rh. ff8'l*" ffi8]*'
nunl AcAl""
AUG Met ACG l ffi}.*, lS}*
GUUI GCUI
SiBl*, 3SB I ^.
SUil* 33i1"" cAA l ^. cGA ["'Y
euol cccl eleJo'u ooo J

18. Which of the following represents the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain from the
DNA strand?

(A) Serine Tyrosine

- Lysine - Histidine - Phenylalanine - Glycine - Tyrosine
(B) Serine - PhonylalaninE - Alanine - Lysine - Histidine -
(c) Tyrosine - clycine - Phenylalanine - Histidine - Lysine - serine
(D) Tyrosine - Histidine - Lysine -Alanine - Phonylalanine - sorine
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n, ln?nlfl/aAptr ?nl7
 -7 -

Item 19 refers to the following diagram which shows nuclear material in a cell (not drawn to scale).

Nuclear
pore

Nucleosomes

19. Which of the following matches each structure with its correct name?

I II III w
(A) Chromosome Chrornatid Histone DNA
(B) Chromosome Histone DNA Chromatin
(c) Chromatid DNA Chromatin Chromosome
(D) Chrornatid Histone DNA Chromosome

20. The following diagram shows the structure 21.
of atRNAmolecule. Which letter,A, B, C
or D, indicates the position on the molecule
where the amino acid would be attached?
Which ofthe following BEST explain why
DNAreplication is important in maintaining
genetic stability?
I. DNA has to replicate accurately
to allow offspring to inherit genes
from parents.

II. When new cells are made, each

must receive two exactcopies ofthe
instructions to function properly.

III. DNA must be replieated for cell

division to produce cells that
function efficiently.

(A) I and II only

(B) I and III only
(c) II and Ill only
(D) I, II and III

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0210701O/CAPE 2017
 -8-

Item 22 refers to the following diagram
which represents the relative amounts of
DNAper nucleus during many cell divisions
in an animal cell.
3a
9.ts
Items 24-25 refer to the following
information.
Fur colour in mice is controlled by a pair
of genes oceupying different loci. "!V"
oo\iy'"
represents the presence of colour,
represents albino. The allele for brown fur
is "A" and for black fur is "a".

q)G The genotype wwAa is

QTL 24.
<E
z',
lGl (A) brown
(B) black
Time {C) albino
(D) grey
a, Which of the following processes are
occurring at X and Y?
1< What is the phenotypic ratio ofthe F, from
x Y a cross between two F, with the genotype
(A) Fertilization DNA synthesis WwAa?
(B) DNA synthesis Separation of
chromosomes {A) 3 brown 4 black 9 albino
{B) 3 brown 9 black 4 albino
(c) DNA synthesis Fertilization
{c) 9 brown 3 black 4 albino
(D) Fertilization Cytokinesis
(D) 9 brown 4 black 3 albino

Iteln 23 refers to the following diagram Which of the following is considered an

26.
showing a pair of homologous advantage of somatic gene therapy?
chromosomes during Prophase I ofmeiosis.

(A) It can be used to treat genetic

disorders.
(B) The genes and vectors prompt
immune responses.
{C) Alleles are always delivered to all
cells in a tissue.
(D) It is a relatively inexpensive
technology.

71 Which of the following describes

23. Which of the following is the genotype of protogyny?
one of the recombinants?
(A) Anthers mature before stigmas.
(A) ABc (B) Stigmas mature before anthers.
(B) aBc (c) A plant has separate male and
(c) ABC female flowers.
(D) AbC (D) There are separate male and female
plants.

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02107010lcAPE 2017
 -9-
28. In populations of Pacific salmon, most 31. In planttissue culture, small pieces oftissue
fish are either very large or very small. can grow into whole new plants. In addition
This is because sperm from medium-sized to inorganic ions and sucrose, which of the
fish seldom fertilize the eggs. The allele fol lowing essential growth requirements are
frequency ofmedium-sized fish is therefore needed to make this possible?
very low. This MOST likely is an example
of I. Auxins
II. Vitamins
(A) artificial selection IU. Cytokinins
(B) stabilizing selection
(C) directional selection (A) I and II only
(D) disruptive selection (B) I and III only
(C) II and III only
(D) [, II and III
29. Mutations can have varying effects on an
organism depending on when it occurs.
The occurrence of a mutation has the 32. Sexual reproduction would be MOST
GREATEST effect during advantageous forthe survival ofa species
if
(A) translation
(B) RNA synthesis (A) a new viral disease appears
(C) DNA replication (B) environmental conditions remain
(D) somatic cell formation stable
(C) thereiscatastrophicenvironmental
change
30. Which type of isolation plays the MOST (D) there is a large densely distributed
significant role in allopatric speciation? population

(A) Ceographical
(B) Temporal 33. A horticulturalist has bred a Hibiscus
(C) Ecological variety which bears violet ff owers. Which
(D) Behavioural method of propagation would be MOST
appropriate for rapid production of a large
number of clonal plants?

(A) Tissue culture

(B) Fragmentation
(C) Cutting
(D) Seed

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02ta7a|a/CAPE 2017
 -14-
either by its definition
34. Which of the followingmethods of asexual reproduction is INCORRECI
or its examples?

Splitting into two daughter cells of

similar size
Splitting into several pieces, each of

Producing an outgrowth from the parent,

which breaks offand becomes a separate

Producing small. lightweight spores, to

assist air dispersal

Item 35 refers to the following diagram 37. In plants, the ovary is BEST described as

showing a mature pollen grain. the

(A) tip of a carpel

(B) basic unit of the gynoecium
(c) swollen base of a single carPel
(D) female reproductive parts of the
flower

35. Which of the labelled structures will give 38. The following are advantages of two types
rise to two male gametes? of pollination.
(A) I I. No need for another plant
(B) rI II.
(c) rrr III.
lncreases vigour
Widens gene pool
(D) tv IV. Nolossofadvantageousphenotypes

36. Which ofthe following does NOT promote Which of the above are specific to cross-
pollination?
cross-pollination?
(A) Cleistogamy (A) I and II only
(B) Protogyny (B) I and IV only
(C) Protandry (C) tl and III only
(D) Self-incompatibility (D) I,ll,lII and IV

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02r07010/CAPE 2017
 - 1l

Item 39 refers to the following diagram of 40. How does a secondary oocyte differ from
the human female reproductive system. the ovum?

(A) The nucleus is haploid in the

secondary oocyte and diploid in
the ovum.
(B) The nucleus is diploid in the
secondary oocyte and haploid in
the ovum.
(c) There is one more polar body in
the secondary oocyte than in the
ovum.
(D) There is one more polar body in
the ovum than in the secondarv
39. At which of the regions labelled I, tI, III oocyte.
and IV does fertilization take place?

(A) I
(B) rr
(c) rrr
(D) rv

Item 4l refers to the following graph which shows the relative concentrations of the pituitary
hormones W and X, and the ovarian hormones Y and Z during the menstrual cycle.

41.. The hormones W, X, y and Z are

w x Y Z
(A) Progestetone Oesttogen AD}{ FSTl
(B) FSH LH Oestrogen Progesterone
(c) Oestrogen LH Adrenaline Progesterone
(D) LH 0estrogen FSH Progesterone

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02t07010/cAPE 2017
 .t2
Oral birth control pills work MOST directly
42. A sample of a woman's urine is tested 44.
by
at a laboratory and human chorionic
gonadotrophin is detected. This indicates (A) interfering with the penetration of
that the ovum bY sPermatozoa
(A) ovulation has occurred (B) suppressingfolliclematurationand
(B) preventing ovulation
menstruation has begun
(C) oestrogen levels have decreased (C) preventing imPlantation of
(D) implantation of an embryo has the fertilized ovum in the
occurred endometrium
(D) thickening of the cervical mucus
thus preventing the spermatozoa
43. Which of the following pairs of structures from meeting the ovum
contributes directly to the development of
the placenta?
45_ Pregnant women are advised to increase
(A) Amnion and allantois their intake offolate. Which ofthe following
(B) Chorion and allantois BEST explains this advice?
(C) Chorion and endometrium
(D) Amnion and endometrium {A) Humans cannot synthesize folate.
(B) The foetus is at risk of developing
spina bifida if it does not get
sufficient folate.
(C) The foetus is at risk of having a
deformed skeleton if it does not
get sufficient folate.
(D) The foetus will withdraw folate
from the mother's body thus
putting the mother at risk of
developing deformities.

END OF TEST

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.

02107010/CAPE 2A17