Beruflich Dokumente
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1.1 At the instance when the seperation between charge centers is x , the external field E exerts
0.75pt 0.15
on them opposite forces F eE.
After a time interval dt , the seperation is changed to x dx , work done by the external field
on the charges is thus dW Fdx F edx E dp E 0.3
The power received by the atomic dipole
dW dp
Pabs E pE 0.3
dt dt
1.2 Total work can be obtained by integration 0. 5
0.75pt E0 E0 1 1
W dp E dE E E02 p0 E0
0 0 2 2
Potential energy of the dipole is
1
U dip W p0 E0 0.25
2
If the sign of Udip is incorrect or the factor 1/2 is missing, students get 0pt.
2 /
2.1
1.0pt The time average of any time dependent function is denoted by f t f t dt
2 0
1 0.5
U dip r cos .E02 r (1)
4
cos .I r
U dip r (2) 0.5
2 0 c
If student gets directly to eq. (2) – full mark (1.0pt)
If the answer is still correct but expressed in any quantity other than those requested – 0.5 pt.
3.1 The power absorbed by the oscillator from the driving field (and re-emitted as dipole
1.0pt radiation) is given by
sin . 2
Pabs r pE E0 r 0.5
2
sin .
Pabs r I r (3) 0.25
0c
P sin 0.25
The corresponding scattering rate is sc r abs I r . (4)
0 c
4.1 In one dimensional Lorentz’s model, we replace E r , t E x , t . One can find the solution
2.0pt
of the form x x0 cos t thus from the equation of motion,
x x 02 x eE0 cos t / me
x0 02 2 cos t x0 sin t eE0 cos t / me 0.25
Page 1
x0 02 2 cos sin cos t 02 2 sin cos sin t 0.25
eE0 cos t / me
Comparing coefficients before cos t and sin t on both sides, one has
eE0
2
0 2 cos sin
me x0
0.5
2
0 2 sin cos 0
eE0 / me
x0 ; 0.25
2 2
2
0 2 2
sin (4)
2
02 2 2 2
0.25
(02 2 )
cos (5)
2 2
2
0 2
2
0.25
p ex ex0 cos(t ) E0 cos(t ) (6)
e2 0.25
(7)
2 2
me 2
0 2
2
Note: students can obtain via any of sin, cos, tan functions: full mark (0.25 pt)
6.1 Substituting e2 2
6 0c3 / 2 the on-resonance damping rate 0 0 / .
0.5pt me
1
cos
U dip r 2 0 c 1 1 1 02 2
,
sc r sin 2 tan 2 3 / 02
0.5
0 c
Page 2
0.5
U depth U0
cos I 0, 0 cos 2 P
6c 2 02 2 / 02 P
2 6 2
2 0 c 2 0c D0 2 2 2 2 D0
0
04
7.2 Trap depth when P 4mW , laser wavelength 985nm, and D0 6 m. For sodium
1.0pt
0 589nm .
2 c 2 c
One has: ; 0 ;
0
1 e 202 2 e 2
And 3
2
6.4 107 s 1 0.5
6 0 me c 3 0 me c0
9.1 1
0.5pt Mean potential enery U ( z0 ) const m2z z02 .
2
To estimate the particle momentum, we assume p ~ p, z ~ z0 . 0.2
0.1
The uncertainty principle is written now p .
z0
p2 2
Kinetic energy K .
2m 2mz02
1 2 2 2 0.1
Total energy of the particle E m z z0 const
2 2mz02
1 2
Minimal energy corresponds to the energy balance m 2z z02 2
z0 . 0.1
2 2mz0 m z
If the student followed a correct analysis any obtained correct answer upto some
multiplication factor: full mark
If the student obtained correct answer using dimensional analysis: only 0.1 pt is granted
9.2
0.25pt Insert the expression of the cloud size z0 to the energy expression
m z
1 2 0.25
Emin m 2z z02 const one obtains Emin z const.
2 2mz02
z 1
If the student obtained the answer Emin by using En z n : full mark
2 2
9.3 From the uncertainty principle, the particle velocity therefore is estimated to be 0.25
Page 3
0.25pt z
mvz m z v z .
z0 m
1 1 z
Alternative estimation is constructed from kinetic energy: mvz2 K z vz
2 2 m
10.1 0.2
0.5pt For the three dimendional trap, one has: z0 .
m z
2 0.2
Similarly for x, y coordinates x0 y0 and thus 0 x02 y02 .
m m
z0
The condensate aspect ratio: .
0 2 z 0.1
Student may use either x0 , y0 or 0 in estimating the radial size of the cloud. Correct
answers upto multiplication factor: full mark
10.2 z
0.5pt vz ,
m
2 0.25
vx v y , v vx2 v y2 ~ ,
m m
v 2
~ . 0.25
vz z
Student may use either vx , v y or v in estimating expansion velocity in the radial direction.
Correct answers upto some multiplication factor: full mark
10.3 After the time t , the sizes of the condensate cloud are: 0.
0.5pt zL z0 vz t vz t L 0 v t v t . 25
zL vz z
The cloud aspect ratio after the time t , ~ 1.
L v 2 0.25
Correct final answers upto some multiplication factor: full mark
10.4 Due to isotropic nature of thermal cloud, described by the Maxwell distribution:
0.5pt v
vT , z vT , T , 1. 0.2
vT , z
one can easily find zT , L z0 vz t vz t , T ,L 0 v t v t . 0.2
After a very long time, the aspect ratio of the thermal cloud therefore:
T , L : zT , L ~ 1 0.1
Note: students use different velocities (arithmetrical, rms, projection….etc.) to
estimate the expansion of the cloud, as long as they give the correct ratio L : zT ~ 1, full
mark of this sub question is granted. In this question, the correct multiplication factor is
requested. For incorrect multiplication factor: zero mark
Page 4