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1. TRAINING / PROJECT DETAILS
AND ACHIEVEMENTS IN
DEPT.OF CSE.
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AMRITSAR COLLEGE OF ENGG. &
TECH.
(AMRITSAR)
CERTIFICATE
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN
I have observed that they took keen interest in this project. They
are sincere, hardworking and punctual.
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DECLARATION
Khushi (1208052)
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INDEX
Requirement Specification..........................................................................
CODING......................................................................................................
OUTPUT.......................................................................................................................
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LANGUAGE USED FOR
PROJECT…
Introduction to C++
C++ has been used successfully for every type of
programming problem imaginable from operating system to
spreadsheet to expert system-and efficient compilers are
available for machine ranging in power from the Apple
Macintosh to the Cray Super Computer.
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into the language. A low level language provides nothing
other than access to the machine basic instruction set.
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The match between programming objects and
real world objects is the happy result of combining data and
functions .the resulting objects offer a revolution in
program design .No such close match between
programming constructs and the items being modeled exits
in a procedural language.
Object
Data
Member function
Object
Object
Data Data
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for operators and functions. Another feature called
inheritance permits you to derive new class from old ones.
In short , instead of concentrating on tasks ,you concentrate
on representing concepts .
• Objects
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• Classes
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as feature A, feature B .We derive two classes from the
base class which inherit all the functions or features of the
base class and add extra features to the derive class like on
the left derived class it inherit the feature A, feature B of
the base class and add the extra feature C, while on the
right derived class it inherit the same feature A, feature B
of the base class and add the extra feature E .
This example is shown Below
Feature A
Feature B
Main class
Feature A
Feature A
Feature B
Feature B
Derived cla
Feature C De
Feature E
Inheritance Process
• Polymorphism
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The word ‘poly’ originated from
the Greek word meaning many and ‘morphism’ from a
Greek word meaning from, and thus polymorphism means
many forms. In object oriented programming
,polymorphism refers to identically named methods
(member functions) that have different behavior depending
on the type of object they refer.
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Alphabets : a…….z, A……Z
Numerals : 0……9
Underscore : _
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• C++ Operators
Assignment operators
Comparison operators
Relational
Equality
Logical
Ternary
operator
Comma
operator
Scope
operator
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New and
delete
Other
operators
• Executing a C ++ program
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System Ready
C Compiler Compile
Source
Program
Synta
x Yes
Error
?
No Object Code
System
Library
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Data Error
Logic Logic error
and
Data
Errors ?
?
No Error
Correct Output
Stop
APPLICATIONS OF C++
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SNAPSHOT
S
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SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT
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was taken while creating, testing and the implementation the
There may be some other reasons why new system did not
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Book name
Author
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2. Fundamentals Of Computer Programming Rachpal
Singh
And Information Technology
&
Krishan Saluja
Electrical Lab
Theory of AC and DC machines
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electrical energy into mechanical energy. These are of 2
types-
1. Induction motor
2. Synchronous motor
Advantages of AC-
1. AC is easily convertible in DC using rectifiers.
2. AC machines are stronger and easy to use.
3. AC can reach distant places without much loss of electric
power using transformer.
4. The alternating high voltage can be steeped up or steeped
down easily using transformer.
Disadvantages-
1. AC cannot be used in electrolytic processes such as
electroplating, electrotyping where DC is used.
2. AC in a wire is not uniformly distributed.
3. AC can be more dangerous than DC in terms of its
attractive nature and also because it’s maximum value is
2½ times its effective value
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2. Three phase induction motor
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II. Capacitor start capacitor-
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3. Pole shaded motor-
ROTOR-1.Squirrel cage IM
1. Slip ring IM
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2. Wound rotor IM
SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
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APPLICATIONS-
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DC.MOTOR
TRANSFORMER
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The All day efficiency of transformer is defined as
the ratio of output in kWh (or Wh) to the input in kWh
(or Wh) of a transformer over 24 hours.
η (all day) = Output in kWh/input in kWh( 24 hours)
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Voltmeter-The instrument which used to measure
potential difference across the load or between two points
in a circuit is called voltmeter.
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p-n junction diode, they combined and release energy in the
form of visible light. Such p-n junction diodes are called
LED.
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INTRODUCTION:
The shop where most of the work is performed on different
machines is called machine shop. In machine shop the raw
material is cut, machined, formed or shaped with the help
of machines. Different machines used in machine shop are:
1. Lathe machine
2. Shaper
3. Milling machine
4. Planning machine
5. Drilling machine
6. Grinding machine
7. Threading machine
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APPRATUS: Lathe machine, iron clamp, steel rule,
outward legs caliper, Surface gauge, tool key, cutting
tool.
Procedure:
1. Fix the job in the jaws of the lathe machine.
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4. Make the diameter 30mm using turning operation on
the whole job.
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INTRODUCTION
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TOOLS
1. Showel: It consist of iron pan with a wooden handle. It
can
be used for mixing and conditioning the sand
and
then transferring the mixture in some container.
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sand from mould.
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7. Moulding Boxes: The moulding boxes are used in sand
moulding. They are of two types:
Pattern
Pattern is an mirror image of the casting, when it is used
with suitable moulding it forms a cavity called as mould.
w\When this cavity is filled by molten metal an after
solidification we get the desired casting.
Types of patterns:-
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3. Multipiece pattern.
5. Gates pattern.
6. Skeleton pattern.
7. Sweep pattern.
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10. Follow board pattern.
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INTRODUCTION
Fitting shop include fitting works which is very important
works in Engg. In fitting shop unwanted material is
removed with the help of hand tools. It is done for mating
repair and manufacturing purposes. The persons working in
fitting shop is called fitters. A fitter should have a complete
knowledge of tools used in the shop. Commonly used tools
are files, chiesels, hacksaw etc.
• Bench Vice
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• Leg Vice
• Hand vice
• Pin Vice
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• Pipe vice
• Try Square
• Bevel Protector
• Combination Set
• Centre Square
• Scriber and Surface Gauge
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• Dot Punch and Centre Punch
• Steel Rules
• Vernier Calliper
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3. CUTTING TOOLS
The tools which are used to remove the materials are
known as cutting tools. They are as follows:-
• Hacksaw
Files
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• Chiesels
4. STRIKING TOOLS
Hammers are the tools generally used for striking in fitting
shop. These are used for chipping, fitting, punching, etc. A
hammer consists of a heavy iron body with a wooden
handle.
Types of hammers are:-
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• Straight Pean Hammer
• Cross Pean Hammer
5. MISCELLENEOUS TOOLS
• Drill
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Parts of Drilling Machine
• Taps
• Die and Die Stock
• Counter Sink
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INTRODUCTION
The major raw material used in carpentry shop is wood and
other helping materials are nails, screw, paints and glues.
The wood is available in the market in different shapes and
size. The process done in wood work is sawing, marking,
turning and chiseling, etc.
SEASONING OF WOOD
The process of removing moisture from freshly cut down
trees is known as seasoning. The wood used for
engineering purposes containing high percentage of
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moisture may cause many types of problems, such as
shrinkage, warpage, distortion, etc.
ADVANTAGE OF SEASONING:-
1. Durability and strength is increased.
2. Workability is improved.
4. Distortion is minimized.
SEASONING METHODS:-
• Natural Seasoning
• Kiln Seasoning
• Water Seasoning
• Chemical Seasoning
DEFECTS IN WOOD
It can be divide in following three categories:-
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• Natural Defects are the defects which are caused in
the tree due to abnormality in the growth.
1. Knots
2. Shakes
3. Twisted Grains
4. Ring gall
5. Distortion
6. Surface hardening
TOOLS
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1. Measuring Tools
• Four fold box wood rule
• Steel rule
• Contraction Scale
• Inch tape
2. Marking Tools
• Pencil
• Scriber
• Marking Gauge
• Mortise gauge
• Bevel
• Compass or divider
3. Cutting Tools
• Rip saw
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• Bow saw
• Tenon Saw
• Coping saw
• Keyhole Saw
• Chiesels
4. Planing Tools
• Iron jack plane
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