© Thermoteknix Systems Ltd 2005

All rights reserved

Thermoteknix Systems Ltd
Mount Pleasant House
Mount Pleasant
Cambridge CB3 0RN
England
Tel: (International + 44) 1223 500 777
Fax: (International + 44) 1223 500 888
e-mail: sales@thermoteknix.com
Published by Thermoteknix Systems Limited

All possible care has been taken in the preparation of this publication, but
Thermoteknix Systems Limited accepts no liability for any inaccuracies that may be
found.

Thermoteknix Systems Limited reserves the right to make changes without notice
both to this publication and to the product that it describes.

No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or

transmitted in any form by any means electronic, mechanical, reprographic,
recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.

© Thermoteknix Systems Limited 2005

Thermoteknix Systems Limited,

Mount Pleasant House,
Mount Pleasant,
Cambridge
CB3 0RN
England
Please read this chapter carefully: it contains the terms on which this Thermoteknix
computer program is being licensed to you. If you do not wish to agree to these
terms, return the disk package and all other items in the package complete and
unused to your Thermoteknix product supplier for a full refund. Copying of this
computer program or its documentation except as permitted by this agreement is
copyright infringement under English law. If you copy this computer program
without the permission of Thermoteknix you are violating the law. You may be
liable to Thermoteknix for damages and you may be subject to criminal penalties.

Possession or use for commercial purposes of any program, device or other means
intended to facilitate removal or circumvention of any hardware lock or software
identification number with which this computer program is supplied is a violation of
law.
Note: Customer support as well as notification of updates and enhancements will
only be provided to users who have signed and returned a completed
Registration Form to the Thermoteknix product supplier.

Under copyright law you are not permitted to use the Software without
permission of Thermoteknix. In consideration of your agreement to the terms of
this Agreement Thermoteknix grants you, the individual or entity whose name
and address appears on the Registration Form completed for this copy of the
Software, a non-exclusive, non transferable license to install and use the
enclosed computer program(s) (the ‘Software’) and its accompanying
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network version, you may operate the Software as a multiple user installation
with either:
a the maximum number of concurrent users being one (1) so that multiple
individuals may access the Software, but that only one person at a time may
do so, or
b the maximum number of concurrent users being two (2) or more, in which
case you must acquire a separate license and a document pack for each
concurrent user.

Regardless of which alternative you choose, this Agreement permits you to make
only one backup copy of the Software insofar as necessary for your use of the
Software. Documentation may not be copied without the express written consent
of Thermoteknix.

You may not, nor permit others to,

a copy the Software or Documentation except as permitted by this Agreement:
any other copies are unlawful
b reverse engineer, decompile or disassemble the Software
c distribute, rent, loan, sub-license sell or otherwise transfer all or part of the
Software, Documentation or any rights granted hereunder to any other person
without the prior written consent of Thermoteknix
d remove, alter or obscure any proprietary notices, labels or marks in or on the
Software or Documentation
e modify, translate or adapt the Software or Documentation, nor arrange or
create derivative works based on the Software or Documentation, for any
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f utilise any equipment, device, software, information or other means designed
or adapted to circumvent or remove any form of copy protection used by
Thermoteknix in connection with the Software.
 Ownership and copyright in the Software and Documentation and any copies
made by you shall remain with Thermoteknix. Unauthorised copying of the
Software and Documentation constitutes copyright infringement and is also a
criminal offence punishable by fines and/or imprisonment.

!
Thermoteknix warrants that:
a The Software will provide the facilities and functions generally described in
the Documentation for the specific product or elements purchased and
b The media on which the Software is furnished will be free from defects in
materials and workmanship under normal use. The entire liability of
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this Section 4 will be, at the option of Thermoteknix, to attempt to correct or
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Except for the express warranties in this Section 4, Thermoteknix makes and you
receive no warranties, conditions, terms or representations, express, implied,
statutory or otherwise, and Thermoteknix specifically disclaims any implied term
or merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Thermoteknix does not
warrant that the operation of the Software will be uninterrupted or error free.

" #
Technical software products are tools intended to be used by trained
professionals only. They are not substitutes for your professional judgement.
Thermoteknix technical software is intended to assist with product design,
evaluation or testing and is no substitute for independent testing of product
stress, safety and utility. Due to the large variety of potential applications for the
Software, the Software has not been tested in all situations under which it may be
used and therefore Thermoteknix shall not be liable in any manner whatsoever
for the results obtained through the use of the Software. Persons using the
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Software. This responsibility includes the determination of appropriate uses for
 the Software and the selection of the Software and other programs to achieve the
intended results. Persons using the Software are also responsible for establishing
the adequacy of independent procedures for testing the reliability and accuracy
of any program output, including all items designed or tested as a result of using
the Software.

$ %
Thermoteknix will not be liable for any loss or damage of any kind whatsoever,
including without limitation loss of or corruption to data, lost profits, cost of
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of the use or inability to use the Software or Documentation, however caused
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You acknowledge that the allocation of risk in this Agreement reflects the
license fee for the Software and you agree that Thermoteknix takes the benefit of
these provisions for itself and as agent for any other entity from time to time
forming part of the Thermoteknix group.

&
a Your license to use the Software and Documentation starts on the date of
your signature of the Registration Form and shall continue, subject to
Thermoteknix’ receipt of this signed form, until the Agreement is terminated.
b Unauthorised copying of the Software or Documentation or failure to comply
with the terms of this Agreement will result in automatic termination of the
Agreement.
c This Agreement shall terminate without further notice or action by
Thermoteknix if you, the licensee, become bankrupt, go into liquidation,
suffer or make any winding-up petition, make an arrangement with your
creditors, have an administrator, administrative receiver or receiver appointed
or suffer or take any similar action in consequence of debt.
 d Any use of any copies of the Software or Documentation after termination of
this Agreement is unlawful. Upon termination for any reason you must
immediately cease all use of the Software and Documentation and destroy all
copies.

'
This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of England excluding the 1980
United Nations Convention on Contracts for the Sale of Goods and shall be
subject to the jurisdiction of the English Courts.

This agreement is the entire agreement between us and supersedes any other oral
and written communications, agreements, or advertising with respect to the
Software and Documentation. If you have any questions, please contact
Thermoteknix. Nothing herein shall affect the statutory rights of consumers in
‘consumer transactions’ under any applicable statute.

ThermaScope, TherMonitor, PosiTrak, Profline, WinCem, WinStrip, WinBrix,

the Thermoteknix logo are registered trademarks of Thermoteknix Systems
Limited. All rights reserved.

"
$
 (
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Introduction and Overview.....................................................................................3
How to use this manual .....................................................................................3
Hardware overview ...........................................................................................4
Software overview.............................................................................................4
Hardware requirements .....................................................................................7
Installation and Configuration................................................................................8
Hardware installation ........................................................................................8
Software installation..........................................................................................9
Installing camera configuration files .................................................................9
Getting Started .....................................................................................................11
Starting ThermaScope® ...................................................................................11
Displaying a live image ...................................................................................12
Looking at the image in an Image window .....................................................16
Getting information from an image .................................................................19
Using analysis tools.........................................................................................20
Printing ............................................................................................................28
Saving an image ..............................................................................................30
Loading a saved image ....................................................................................31
Windows ..............................................................................................................34
Document windows .........................................................................................35
Information windows ......................................................................................36
Image windows................................................................................................37
Visual Image windows ....................................................................................42
Chart windows.................................................................................................43
The Image Details window..............................................................................45
The Tool List window .....................................................................................46
The Toolbar..........................................................................................................47
New .................................................................................................................48
Open ................................................................................................................48
Save .................................................................................................................48
Save incremental .............................................................................................48
Print .................................................................................................................49
 Copy ................................................................................................................49
Undo ................................................................................................................49
Redo ................................................................................................................49
Disconnect/Reconnect to Board ......................................................................50
Freeze/Go Live ................................................................................................50
Exchange Images.............................................................................................51
Exchange with Previous/Next .........................................................................51
View Whole.....................................................................................................52
Palette Selection ..............................................................................................52
Monochrome ...................................................................................................52
Color................................................................................................................53
Invert Palette ...................................................................................................53
Hide Analysis Tools/Show Analysis Tools .....................................................53
PosiTrak Now..................................................................................................53
Context Sensitive Help ....................................................................................54
The Tool Kit.........................................................................................................55
Selecting tools in the Tool Kit.........................................................................55
Label................................................................................................................57
Line .................................................................................................................59
Spot .................................................................................................................64
Rectangle .........................................................................................................66
Ellipse..............................................................................................................71
Polygon............................................................................................................73
Differencer ......................................................................................................75
Isotherm...........................................................................................................79
On-Screen Profile ............................................................................................83
Magnifier .........................................................................................................88
PosiTrak® ........................................................................................................89
Profile ............................................................................................................100
Histogram ......................................................................................................102
ASCII Save....................................................................................................103
ASCII Copy...................................................................................................105
Moving and reshaping tools using the mouse................................................105
Moving and editing tool labels ......................................................................109
Setting the temperature calibration for a tool ................................................111
Menus.................................................................................................................113
File menu.......................................................................................................113
Edit menu ......................................................................................................131
Image menu ...................................................................................................139
Palette menu ..................................................................................................150
 View menu ....................................................................................................153
Tools menu ....................................................................................................155
Modules menu ...............................................................................................160
Options menu ................................................................................................161
Window menu ...............................................................................................166
Help menu .....................................................................................................167
Using Other Applications...................................................................................169
Linking and embedding.................................................................................169
Embedding an image in another application .................................................172
Editing embedded images..............................................................................176
Pasting and linking objects............................................................................178
Editing pasted and linked images ..................................................................180
Appendix A: Hints .............................................................................................182
Appendix B: User Defined Palettes....................................................................183
Appendix C: GRAM® card Specifications .........................................................186

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Alarm Manager ..................................................................................................191
Security..........................................................................................................191
Starting Alarm Manager ................................................................................192
Using alarm folders .......................................................................................193
Defining alarms .............................................................................................194
Alarm Monitor ...................................................................................................201
Starting Alarm Monitor .................................................................................201
Opening an alarm folder................................................................................202
Acknowledging an alarm...............................................................................203
Refreshing the current alarm folder...............................................................204
Editing the sound used for alarms .................................................................204
Reconnecting an alarm ..................................................................................204
Output Manager .................................................................................................206
Security..........................................................................................................206
Starting Output Manager ...............................................................................207
Opening the output setup...............................................................................208
Specifying output links..................................................................................209
Specifying output parameters ........................................................................209
Renaming an output.......................................................................................211
Entering an output description.......................................................................211
Unlinking an output.......................................................................................212
Opening the linked image..............................................................................212
 Version information ......................................................................................212
Output Monitor ..................................................................................................213
Starting Output Monitor ................................................................................213
Reconnecting an output .................................................................................214
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Introduction ........................................................................................................218
Using the PosiTrak® Pack ..................................................................................219
Aligning and straightening an image.............................................................219
Combining images.........................................................................................224
Making a mosaic of images ...........................................................................228
Subtracting images ........................................................................................231
Multi-Average, Peak Hold and Valley Hold .................................................234
The PosiTrak Submenu ......................................................................................236
Straighten ......................................................................................................236
Subtract from Files ........................................................................................237
Subtract Files.................................................................................................239
Set Mosaic Master .........................................................................................239
Copy Master Alignment ................................................................................240
Make Mosaic .................................................................................................240
Multi-Average ...............................................................................................241
Peak Hold/Valley Hold..................................................................................243
Default Span ..................................................................................................243

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Overview............................................................................................................246
Installation .....................................................................................................246
Starting Plot...................................................................................................247
Structure of the manual .................................................................................247
Capturing the data for a plot...............................................................................248
Selecting tools to plot ....................................................................................249
Choosing when to capture the data................................................................251
Compiling a plot from a group of image files ...............................................258
Viewing a plot – the Plot program .....................................................................261
Starting Plot...................................................................................................261
The main window..........................................................................................262
The Toolbar ...................................................................................................262
Plot windows .................................................................................................266

-
 Working with plots ........................................................................................267
Menus.................................................................................................................268
®
The Plot submenu in ThermaScope .............................................................268
File.................................................................................................................269
Edit ................................................................................................................277
Extrapolate ....................................................................................................282
View ..............................................................................................................286
Window .........................................................................................................289
Help ...............................................................................................................290

-
-
1* *+
- -
1* *+
- -

2
This manual gives instructions for installing and using the GRAM® card infrared
image processing board and ThermaScope® analysis software.
Note: ThermaScope® is supplied with the PosiTrak® pack and Plot, and the Alarms
and Output Manager and Monitor programs, which are described in later
parts of the manual.

The first three chapters of this part of the manual are introductory. This chapter
gives an overview of the system’s hardware and software components. The next
chapter Installation and Configuration, page 8, gives instructions for installing and
configuring a GRAM® card, a digital-to-analog output card and the ThermaScope®
software. The Getting Started chapter , page 11, shows you how to start using
ThermaScope® with a guided tour through its main features: the chapter covers basic
operations in detail and tells you where to look in the reference section for more
advanced or specialized operations.

The remainder of this part of the manual gives a complete reference for
ThermaScope®. The Windows chapter, page 34, gives a detailed description of each
of its windows. The The Toolbar chapter, page 47, describes the Toolbar and
includes a summary of the action of each of its buttons. The Tool Kit, page 55,
describes the Tool Kit and gives detailed instructions for placing analysis tools on
the image and editing their properties. Menus, page 113, describes each of the
ThermaScope® menus in turn, with a detailed description of all the commands, apart
from the tool placement commands, for which you are referred to the Tool Kit
chapter. Using Other Applications, page 169 shows you how you can use
ThermaScope® with other applications by copying objects in ThermaScope® and
pasting, linking or embedding them in documents in the other application. Appendix
A: Hints, page 182 contains a number of hints to help you get the best results when
you are using the software. Appendix B: User Defined Palettes, page 183 gives
instructions for creating your own custom palettes for displaying temperatures in
images. Finally, Appendix C: GRAM® card Specifications, page 186 gives a
specification of the GRAM® card.
1* *+
- -

2* - -
The GRAM® card is a state-of-the-art real-time infrared image processing board for
Microsoft® Windows. There is direct support for the ThermaScope camera through
an analog video input. GRAM® cards are specifically designed to support processing
of infrared images but can also be used as a conventional multi-media video board.

GRAM® cards incorporate a high precision analog to digital converter for accurate
real-time temperature measurement. Dedicated digital phase locked loop electronics
ensure jitter-free video synchronization with a high tolerance to VCR signal
variations.

The only limit to the number of GRAM® cards you can instal in a single PC is the
number of vacant PCI slots available. You can view a live image from each of the
GRAM® cards in separate windows.

When you resize a window showing an image from most conventional multi-media
boards, the image data is scaled to fit the window, which means the resolution will
vary with image size. This is unacceptable for temperature measurement, as the
temperature measured at a particular point in the image would depend on the
window size. GRAM® cards maintain access to the full image data for temperature
measurements irrespective of the size of the image window.

Pseudo-color is fully implemented for live and static images and there is support for
multiple independent palettes and isotherms controlled separately for each window.

The GRAM® card supports real-time image averaging. The use of hardware image
averaging is an extremely powerful feature and is particularly useful when working
with an analog input to further reduce the noise level.

GRAM® cards allow you to display information embedded in the video signal to
provide real-time access to the encoded information produced by the camera.
Programmable gain and black level ensure accurate real-time measurement from the
video signal input.

- -
ThermaScope® is a sophisticated Windows program for the capture and analysis of
thermal images. Images may be loaded in from saved files or viewed live by
connecting a camera or other video source such as a VCR to an installed
GRAM® card. Live images can be instantaneously frozen on the GRAM® card and
then stored to disk. An incrementing save command makes it easy to save a
sequence of images with a series of related file names. You can also capture and
save a sequence of live images at timed intervals as short as one second. The
sequence of files produced by either of these methods can then be loaded
automatically in turn into an Image window for analysis by a number of predefined
tools. These files can also be used with the ThermaScope® Plot module to plot
graphs showing how temperature measurements change over time.

The images can be displayed using a wide range of pseudo-color palettes and the
temperature span of the palette changed manually or optimized.

The program provides an extensive range of tools, which can be applied to static
images loaded from disk and images frozen on the GRAM® card as well as live
images. When tools are used on live images, the results they produce are updated
and displayed continuously in real time.
Analysis tools include:
• Spot temperature tools to display the temperature at a point in the image;
• Isotherm tools to color areas of the image lying within a defined temperature
band;
• Line tools to be used as graphic objects or rulers, or to display the maximum,
minimum and mean temperatures along a line, or with the profile tool to display
the temperature profile along the line in a separate graphical window;
• On-screen profile tools, which superimpose the display of a temperature profile
over the image itself;
• Rectangle, ellipse and polygon tools to be used as graphic objects, to display the
maximum, minimum and mean temperatures within the region, and, with the
histogram tool, to display a bar or pie chart showing the temperature distribution
within the region;
• Differencer tools to display differences between the temperatures measured by
other tools;
• Labels to identify points in the image.

The results from these tools can be

• output to an ASCII file
• copied to the Windows clipboard

"
1* *+
- -

• copied and pasted into documents in other applications (provided they support
OLE 2) where their results can be updated if the image changes
• linked to alarms or 4–20mA outputs.

The appearance of tools can be changed in a wide variety of ways, including the
color, what labels are displayed and the font used. The image can be temperature
calibrated as a whole, but each tool can also be calibrated independently.

The patented PosiTrak® alignment tool can be used to impose your own coordinate
system onto an image so that you can take real distance measurements from the
screen. The tool also allows you to set alignment marks, which can be used to align
a sequence of images of the same scene to allow for changes in viewpoint or camera
angle so that the same tools can be used to take measurements without changing
their positions. The PosiTrak® Pack module builds on and extends the PosiTrak®
tool allowing you to straighten aligned images so that they appear the same as the
original, build a mosaic of overlapping images to create a single image, perform
subtractions of one image from a series of others, and create images showing the
average, maximum or minimum of a group of images. Documentation for the
PosiTrak® module is supplied separately in a later part of this manual.

You can install several GRAM® cards in one PC and view a live image from each of
them in separate windows. This enables you, for example, to view long wave and
broad band images at the same time, or images from cameras set to different
temperature spans, or live and recorded images.

You can also associate a still visual image with any saved infrared image and
display it in its own Visual Image window.

ThermaScope® fully implements OLE 2 as a server application, allowing objects

such as tools and images to be embedded in other applications such as word
processors or spreadsheets that support OLE 2 as clients. A particularly powerful
feature is the support for in-place editing. This means that you can, for example,
embed a ThermaScope® image with a number of defined analysis tools placed on it
into a report in a word processor. Double-clicking on the image changes the word
processor’s menus to those for ThermaScope®, and you can then use them to interact
with the image in just the same way as you would within ThermaScope® itself. You
can even connect an image embedded within a document to a live source, and use
freeze to select the precise image you want to capture for the report. Defining
template documents with embedded images in this way can make the production of
standard reports very much easier.

$
Extension modules are supplied with ThermaScope® adding additional features. The
PosiTrak® module has already been mentioned; another example is the
ThermaScope® Plot module, which allows you to capture and plot data from a live
image at speeds up to the camera’s field rate. Once the data is plotted, you can
extrapolate it to determine temperatures at future (or past) times.

Finally, Alarms Manager and Alarms Monitor allow you to define sets of alarms
which can be triggered when the temperatures measured by ThermaScope® reach
specified temperatures. Output Manager and Output Monitor allow you to use
ThermaScope® to control external devices using the digital-to-analog output board.
You use Output Manager to relate the output current at each of the outputs to the
temperature measured by ThermaScope® tools.

2* 3
Thermoteknix recommends the following system specification for installing a
GRAM® card and ThermaScope®:
• Intel PIII processor of at least 400MHz (an Intel processor is a requirement).
• Microsoft Windows NT4 (this is a requirement).
• 128 Mb RAM, 10 Gb hard disk drive, 1.44 Mb floppy disk drive and CD-ROM
drive.
• At least one free PCI expansion slots.
• At least one free ISA expansion slot for the digital-to-analog output card (if
required).
• High resolution graphics adapter.
• Sound card and speakers.
• Monitor, mouse and keyboard.

&
1 *

1 *

This chapter describes how to:

• fit a GRAM® card in your PC
• fit a 20mA digital-to-analog output card in your PC
• install software drivers for the 20mA digital-to-analog output card
• install ThermaScope®
• install camera configuration files.

2*
2*
The GRAM® card has been manufactured to withstand normal handling during
installation and usage, but it may be damaged if you subject it to excessive force. In
particular, you should be careful not to bend or flex the card, as this could break
some of the delicate printed circuit tracks on the board.

As well as taking care not to stress the board mechanically, you should take
precautions to avoid the possibility of electrical damage. This can arise if
electrostatic charge accumulated on your body discharges through the components
on the board. To prevent this happening:
1 Avoid wearing clothes that generate a large static charge, such as wool
or some artificial fibers.
2 Either use a special electrostatic discharge protection kit to ground
yourself or touch the computer’s metal chassis before handling the
board.
3 Only handle the board by the metal bracket used to connect the board to
the case of the PC, and avoid touching its gold-plated edge connectors
or any of the other connector pins on the board.

'
1 )0 * * 4)* %*
Before installing the boards, make sure that you have read the handling precautions
described in the previous section.

To install the GRAM® card and 20mA digital-to-analog output board:

1 Switch off the PC and remove its cover.
2 Fit the GRAM® card into a vacant PCI expansion slot in your PC.
3 Fit the 20mA digital-to-analog output board – see the documentation
supplied with the board for details.
4 Replace the cover on the PC.
5 Plug the signal lead from the camera into the GRAM® card’s Analog 1
socket:

# / ) )

See the documentation supplied with the 20mA digital-to-analog output board for
installing its software drivers.

To install the ThermaScope® software:

1 Start up your PC if it is not already running.
2 Place the installation CD ROM into your CD ROM drive.
The installation program will run automatically – follow the instructions given on
screen to complete the installation.

1
Each camera is supplied with an individual camera configuration file on floppy disk,
which provides calibration information for the camera that enables ThermaScope® to
convert the raw luminance values transmitted from the camera into real
temperatures. Temperature read-outs will not be available for a live image unless the

,
1 *

configuration file for that image is installed on your PC. Each camera’s individual
configuration file is identified internally by the Camera Id number.

To install a camera configuration file:

1 Start ThermaScope® by clicking on Start in the Windows Task Bar and
choosing ThermaScope from the Programs→ →IR Imaging submenu.
2 Put the floppy disk holding the configuration file into the floppy disk
drive on your PC.
3 Choose Camera Configuration from the Options menu to display the
Load TTX Config File dialog box:

This is a standard Windows Open dialog box.

The supplied configuration file is named THERMASCOPE.INI, so this
is set as the default filename in the dialog box.
4 Select the floppy drive holding the disk from the Look in drop-down
list box.
5 Press Open.

The configuration file will now be loaded, decoded and stored under a new name on
your PC’s hard disk, ready for use when you want to display a live image from the
camera.

4
 *

Start ThermaScope® by pressing Start in the Windows Task bar and choosing
Programs→ →Thermoteknix→ →ThermaScope.
When you start ThermaScope®, the main ThermaScope® window will open:

Note: One or more information windows may be displayed in the main

ThermaScope® window when it opens (the picture above shows them all),
depending on whether they were displayed when the program was last closed.
For more information on the different types of ThermaScope® window (see
the Windows chapter, page 34).
 *

Most of the buttons in the Toolbar and the Tool Kit, if they are displayed, will be
grayed until you open an Image window to view an image (the picture above shows
the Toolbar docked to the upper edge of the window, with the Tool Kit floating).

# -
Once you have started ThermaScope®, the first thing you will want to do is view an
image. This section shows you how to view a live image; if you want to try out the
program without connecting a live source, you can use the instructions at the end of
this chapter to load a saved image. The sections following this one apply equally to
live and saved images.

Before you can view a live image, you have to open an Image window to view it in.

To create a new Image window:

Press the new button, or

Choose New from the File menu, or

Press +55. This is a keyboard shortcut, which allows you to carry out
the command from the keyboard by pressing these two keys together.
Commands with a keyboard shortcut show the shortcut next to the
command in the menu.

Most of the instructions in the remainder of the manual will just give the menu
command without saying whether there is a keyboard shortcut, or what it is. If you
want to know if there is a keyboard shortcut for a command, look in the menu.
However, if the command can be carried out with a button in the Tool Bar or the
Tool Kit, the button will usually be shown beside the instruction telling you to
choose the command.
Whichever way you perform the New operation, an Image window will be opened
containing a dummy image:

You can use New again to create another new image if you wish: if you do, it will
have the title IMAGE2 in the title bar. If you have more than one Image window
open, you can see their titles listed at the bottom of the Window menu. One of the
windows in the list will have a check against it. This is the active window. When
you choose a menu command that applies to a window, it is applied to the current
active window.

To make a window active:

Choose the window’s title from the list at the bottom of the Window
menu, or
Click in the window.

When a window is made active, it is displayed in front of any other windows and the
title bar is displayed in the Windows color for an active window.

Once you have created an Image window, you can use it to display the image from a
live source.
 *

To open a live source in an Image window:

1 Choose Open Live Source from the Image menu to display the Open
Live Source dialog box:

The dialog box shows the GRAM® cards installed in your PC in a

display similar to that of Windows Explorer.
2 If it is not already open, click on the + icon for Gram Card 1 to open it.
3 Click on ThermaScope in Gram Card 1.
4 Press Open to open the live source.
 5 Press OK to display the live image from the board in the Image
window:

Note that the Image window you use to view the live image does not have to be a
new Image window; you can open a live source in an Image window that you have
saved previously. This can be very useful, as when you save an image you save all
the tools you have placed on it together with a number of other settings, so you can
save a standard analysis set-up for regular use. Saving images and opening saved
images are described later in this chapter; full details can be found in the reference
section.

6 7

When you display a live image in an Image window it is continuously updated in

real time so that you can monitor changes as they occur. This happens even if
another Image window is made active. If you want to take a snapshot of the image at
a given time, you can freeze it.

To freeze a live image:

1 Make the Image window active by clicking in it or selecting it from the

Window menu.

2 Choose Freeze from the Image menu.

"
 *

When the image is frozen the Freeze command changes to Go Live, which you can
use to make the image go live again.

Related commands
Disconnect Board in the Image menu freezes the image, but also breaks the
‘connection’ between the board and the image so that you can connect
another image window to the GRAM® card. Reconnect to Board reinitialises
the GRAM® card and goes back to displaying the live image from the camera.
If you just want to freeze the image temporarily, you should use Freeze and
Go Live since the time taken to reinitialise the GRAM® card means that
using Disconnect Board and Reconnect to Board takes noticeably longer.

/ 1 *
7 *

Image windows can be moved, minimized, maximized and closed just like any other
window in Windows – see your Windows documentation if you need to know how
to carry out standard Windows operations. They can also be resized by dragging the
boundary just like any other window, except that the aspect ratio of the image is kept
fixed, so you cannot arbitrarily change the shape of an Image window. Another
feature of resizing Image windows is that when the window is resized, the image
within the window is scaled to fit the new size. However, the underlying data is not
scaled, so any analysis tools used to take measurements from the image will take
their measurements from the same data and will not suffer rounding errors from the
scaling.

Resizing the Image window is one way of seeing a larger image. An alternative is to
use the magnifier tool to produce a magnified portion of the image within the Image
window. There are two ways of selecting the magnifier: using a menu or using the
Tool Kit:

Note: The Tool Kit is a dockable toolbar – it can be docked against one of the edges
of the main ThermaScope® window, or floated freely on the Windows
desktop, as in the picture above. See The Tool Kit, page 55 for more
information about the Tool Kit.

$
If the Tool Kit isn’t displayed in the main ThermaScope® window, it may be
‘hidden’ or it may be positioned outside the edge of the window (this can happen if
you change video mode to reduce the resolution of the screen).

Follow the instructions below if the Tool Kit is not displayed.

1 Look at the View menu; if the Tool Kit command is unchecked, choose
the command. The Tool Kit should then be displayed and the command
will be checked. However, if you still can’t see the Tool Kit or if the
Tool Kit command was already checked, go on to step 2.
2 Choose Arrange All from the View menu to rearrange the Tool Kit and
all the displayed information windows in a group at the top right of the
main window. This will ensure that the Tool Kit is shown within the
visible area of the window.

To produce a magnified view of the image in the image window:

1 Pick the magnifier tool from the Tool Kit (or from the Tools→Image
View submenu). The pointer will change when it is over the image to
show a magnifier:

2 To magnify the image by a factor of two, click with the magnifier at the
point you want to be in the center of the magnified image.
To magnify a specific region of the image, move the pointer to the top
left-hand corner of the area you want to magnify, press the mouse
button and drag out to the bottom right-hand corner of the area. The
region you have outlined will be magnified to fill the image window.
To reduce the magnification of a magnified image by a factor of two:
Press 2
16 while you click with the magnifier tool.

To return to a non-magnified view:

Choose View Whole in the Image menu.

&
 *

Looking at a magnified view is one way of making the information in the image
clearer. Another way is to change the palette used to display different temperatures
in different colors. The palette used to display the image is shown to the left of the
image, with a scale showing what temperatures the colors represent.

To change the palette used to display the image:

Select a palette from the Palette drop-down list box in the Toolbar:

or
1 Select Select from the Palette menu to display the Select Palette dialog
box:

(You can also display this dialog box by double-clicking on the color
palette in the Image window.)
2 Select a palette to use from the Palette drop-down list box. When you
select a palette its name is shown in the dialog box – see Select in the
Menus chapter (page 151) for a list of palettes supplied and Appendix B:
User Defined Palettes, page 183, for details of defining your own
palette.

Related commands:
Default Color Palette in the Options menu allows you to set the
default color palette, which is used when you create new images using
New in the File menu.

'
 Monochrome in the Palette menu displays the active image using a
gray scale.

Color in the Palette menu displays the active image using the default
color palette.

Invert in the Palette menu reverses the spectrum of colors in the

palette.

Set Temperature Span in the Image menu sets the temperatures

represented by the colors at the ends of the palette.

The status bar at the bottom of the Image window gives you some basic information
about the image. Starting from the left-hand side, the boxes in the status bar show
the current time and date for a live image (if you have loaded an image from file it
shows when the image was captured), the emittance and background setting on the
camera (if the camera supports these functions) and either the GRAM® card mode if
the image window is displaying a live image, or the source of the image displayed
from a saved file. The final box, at the right-hand end of the status bar, shows the
position of the pointer over the image and the temperature reading at that point.
Move the pointer over the image to see how these numbers change. Note also that if
you put the pointer over the palette in the image window, you can read off from the
status bar the temperature represented by a particular color.

Related commands:
Normal, Narrow and Average ×2, ×4, ×8, ×16 in the
Image→LiveMode submenu set the GRAM® card mode.
Units in the Options menu allows you to choose the distance and
temperature units used in the status bar (and elsewhere).
Calibrate Temperature in the Image menu allows you to adjust the
emittance and background temperature values to calibrate the
temperature readings taken from the image.

,
 *

Calibrate Distance in the Image menu allows you to calibrate

distances within the image so that you can measure real distances and
positions directly from the image.

PosiTrak in the Tools→Image View submenu also allows you to

calibrate distances by imposing your own coordinate system on the
image, but can also be used to define an alignment template so that a
series of images can be aligned to compensate for differences in camera
position or angle when taking measurements from the image.

1 # *

You can read off more information about the image from the Image Details window:

Note that the precise details given depend on the type of camera used.

If the Image Details window is not displayed, follow the procedure described earlier
for the Tool Kit.

You have already used the magnifier from the Tool Kit. Most of the other tools in
the Tool Kit are used to place analysis tools on the image for making thermal
measurements. For example, you can place a spot tool on the image to read off the
temperature at a point in the image.

4
.
To place a spot analysis tool on the image:

1 Pick the spot placement tool from the Tool Kit (or from the
Tools→Select submenu). The pointer will change when it is over the
active image to show that you have picked the spot placement tool:

2 Position the pointer at the spot on the image where you want to measure
the temperature and click to place the spot tool:

The label on the tool shows the tool’s name and the temperature at the spot.

You can see what tools have been placed on the image by looking at the Tool List
window:

If you have placed more than one tool on the image, you can select an individual
tool by clicking on it in the image or in the Tool List window. The tools are still
listed in the window when they are hidden on the image (see, for example, Hide
Analysis Tools/Show Analysis Tools in the Edit menu), so even hidden tools can
be selected.
 *

8
*

After you have placed the spot on the image, you can move it by clicking on it to
select it, and then dragging the spot to a new position.

If you know the precise coordinates of the position where you want to place the spot,
you can use the Edit Spot dialog box, which also allows you to change a lot of other
properties of the spot.

To edit a spot temperature analysis tool:

1 Pick the selector tool from the Tool Kit.

2 If the spot is not already selected, click on it in the image or select it in

the Tool List window – you can do the latter even if the tool is hidden.
3 Double-click on the spot in the image or on the appropriate spot tool in
the Tool List window, or choose the Edit Spot command from the Edit
menu to display the Edit Spot dialog box:

You can use this dialog box to position the spot accurately, change its color, decide
what information should be shown next to the spot, edit the spot’s label and the way
it appears, and calibrate the temperature measurement individually for this tool to
allow for variations in emittance across the object.

See Editing the properties of a spot analysis tool (page 65) for how to use this dialog
box.
#
To draw a line on the image:

1 Pick the line placement tool from the Tool Kit (or from the
Tools→Select submenu). The pointer will change when it is over the
active image to show that you have picked the line placement tool:

2 Position the pointer where you want the line to begin and click to place
one of the line’s end-points. Release the mouse button before you move
the mouse unless you want to drag out a curved line.
Holding down 2 16 as you drag constrains the line you are drawing to an
angle of 0, 30, 45, 60 or 90°.
3 Move the pointer to where you want to place the next point. As you
move the pointer a line will be drawn from the pointer back to the
previous point:

4 When the pointer is over the point you want to place the end of the line,
double-click to complete the line. (If you want to draw a polyline made
up of several connected line segments, just click to place the first vertex,
move the pointer on to the next vertex and click, and so on, finally
double-clicking to place the end point of the polyline.)

After you have placed the line on the image, you can move it, reshape it, add
vertices, remove vertices and edit its other properties: see Line in The Tool Kit (page
59) for full instructions.
 *

Once you have drawn the line you can use it in a number of different ways:
• As a simple graphic object to mark off some feature of the image.
• As a ruler, by using the readout of its length. If you impose your own system of
coordinates (see PosiTrak® in The Tool Kit, page 89) or calibrate the distances in
the image (see Calibrate Distance in the Image menu, page 145), the ruler can
give measurements in terms of real distances measured on the object.
• To display the maximum, minimum and mean temperatures along the line (you
can choose whether to display these using the Edit Line dialog box: see Line in
The Tool Kit, page 59, for details).
• To display the temperature profile along the line: see the next section.

To display the temperature profile along a line drawn on the image:

1 Select the line if it is not already selected (pick the selector tool from the
Tool Kit and click on the line in the image, or select it in the Tool List
window).

2 Pick the profile tool in the Tool Kit (or choose Profile in the
Tools→→Create submenu) to open a Chart window showing the
temperature profile along the line:
You can use the Edit Line dialog box to control the way the data is used to plot the
profile and the style of graph used: see Line in The Tool Kit (page 59) for details.

.
As you have already seen, you can choose a color palette to represent temperatures
in the image by different colors. However, you may want to pick out particular
temperatures that you are interested in more clearly. The isotherm tool allows you to
color all areas of the image lying in a chosen temperature band with a chosen color.

To display an isotherm on an image:

1 Select the isotherm placement tool from the Tool Kit (or from the
Tools→Select submenu). The pointer will change when it is over the
temperature palette in the Image window to show that the isotherm tool
is selected:

"
 *

2 Position the pointer on the palette where you want to place the upper (or
lower) boundary of the isotherm (the temperature corresponding to the
pointer position is shown in the status bar to help you place the isotherm
precisely). Press and hold down the mouse button.
The pointer will change to show that you are dragging out the isotherm:

(If you move the pointer above the initial position, the pointer changes
to an upward pointing arrow.)
3 Drag the isotherm out to the lower (or upper) boundary:

4 Release the mouse button.

You can move the isotherm on the image using the mouse or the Edit Isotherm
dialog box.

To move the isotherm with the mouse:

1 Pick the selector tool from the Tool Kit (or choose Selector from the
Tools→Select submenu).

When you move the pointer over the middle of the isotherm in the
temperature scale in the Image window, the pointer will change:

2 Drag the isotherm to its new position in the temperature scale (you can
read off the temperature from the status bar).

$
You can use this technique to take quick temperature readings from the image: place
an isotherm with a narrow temperature range on the palette, move the isotherm up
and down the palette until the areas you are interested in are colored by the isotherm
and then read off the temperature from the status bar.
You can also use the mouse to change the range of the isotherm by dragging the
upper or lower boundaries.

The Edit Isotherm dialog box allows you to change the position and boundaries of
the isotherm together with other properties such as the color: see Isotherm in The
Tool Kit (page 79) for details.

Related commands:

The on-screen profile tool in the Tool Kit (On-Screen Profile in the
Tools→Select submenu) displays a profile superimposed on the image.

The rectangle, ellipse and polygon tools in the Tool Kit

(Rectangle, Ellipse and Polygon in the Tools→Select submenu) are
used to draw regions on the image.

The differencer tool in the Tool Kit (Differencer in the Tools→Select

submenu) is used to display differences in temperatures between spots,
lines and regions.

The histogram tool in the Tool Kit (Histogram in the Tools→Create

submenu) displays a histogram showing the temperature distribution in
the selected region drawn on the image.

Auto-spots in the Options menu allows you to choose the default for
whether to display markers over the hottest and coolest spots in a
region.
Tool Font in the Options menu sets the default font used in the tool
label when you create a new tool.
The Show Text Background setting in the Options menu decides
whether the text labeling the tool is shown in a box when you create a
new tool. When you have set this option it appears checked in the menu;

&
 *

choose it again to uncheck it so that labels are displayed directly over

the image when you create a new tool.
Edit tool (where tool is the name of the selected tool) in the Edit menu
displays the Edit dialog box for the selected tool.
Delete tool in the Edit menu deletes the selected tool from the image.
Copy tool in the Edit menu copies the selected tool to the Windows
clipboard. If you link or embed the tool in a document in an application
supporting OLE 2 the value read by the tool can be updated if it
changes. When you copy a profile or histogram, you can choose
whether to paste the data or the graphic.

ASCII Copy in the Tools→Create submenu copies the data associated

with the selected tool to the clipboard as ASCII text.

ASCII Save in the Tools→Create submenu saves the data associated

with the selected tool to a file as ASCII text.

PosiTrak Now in the Image menu aligns the current image to the
image template.
Bring to Front and Send to Back in the Edit menu changes the
stacking order of tools on the image.

Hide/Show Analysis Tools in the Edit menu hides or shows

(depending which command is shown) all the analysis tools on the
active image.

.
ThermaScope® provides a range of options for printing images, image details, visual
images and charts. You can print the image with or without the associated image
details, visual image or any associated charts, or you can print an individual chart or
visual image. For even greater flexibility, you can copy and paste images, image
details, visual images charts and even individual tools into documents in other
applications, such as a word processor, to produce fully customized reports: see
Using Other Applications, page 169, for more details.

'
To check how the image or chart will appear when it is printed:
Choose Print Preview from the File menu to display the print preview
window.

The whole page is shown when the preview window is first displayed. If the text
size is too small to be displayed clearly, it will be greeked (characters replaced by a
few strokes), so although you will not be able to read the text, you will be able to see
the general layout.

A row of buttons at the top of the window allows you to control the way the window
displays the preview:

• Press Print to print the image and/or chart and any associated data as it appears
in the preview.
• Press Next Page if the image and its associated data covers more than one page
and you want to see the next page. The button will be grayed if you are viewing
the final page.
• Press Prev Page if the image and its associated data covers more than one page
and you want to go back to an earlier page. The button will be grayed if you are
viewing the first page.
• Press Two Page if the image and its associated data covers more than one page
and you want to view two pages side-by-side at the same time. The button
changes to One Page when you are in two page mode so that you can change
back to viewing one page at a time.
• Press Zoom In for a magnified view of the previewed page. When you move the
pointer over the page in the preview window it changes to a magnifier and
clicking on the page has the same effect as pressing Zoom In, unless the page is
already at maximum magnification, when it displays the page at minimum
magnification.
• Press Zoom Out to return to a less magnified view of the previewed page.
• Press Close to close the print preview window and return to the main
ThermaScope® window.

,
 *

If you want to print the image in an Image window or the graph in a Chart window
without previewing it first:
1 Click in the window or choose it from the Window menu to make it
active.

2 Choose Print from the File menu.

Related commands:
Print Options in the File menu allows you to choose what to print with
an image. You can individually select whether to print with the image
the contents of the Image Details window, the visual image, a list of the
tools placed on the image with the results of their measurements, and
two text boxes (one at the top and one at the bottom) on the first page of
the printout. You can also choose how the text in the text boxes should
be aligned.
Text Boxes in the Edit menu allows you to enter or change the text
printed at the top and bottom of the first page of the printout. When you
have entered text, the command is checked in the menu.
Default Print Title in the Options menu changes the default title
printed at the top of each page when you create a new Image window.
Print Title in the File menu changes the title printed at the top of each
page for this image. The title is saved in the ThermaScope® (.TGW)
format file when you use Save or Save As in the File menu.
Print Setup in the File menu allows you to change the printer used to
print the image or chart and the way it is set up.

-
You can save the image displayed in a window at any time. The image is saved in a
special ThermaScope® format (.TGW), which saves the positions and settings of any
tools you have placed, the palette, and any calibration and alignment settings you
have made, along with the image itself.

4
To save the image in the active Image window:

Choose Save from the File menu. If you have already saved the image
in a .TGW file, the current state of the image and tools will be saved
again in the same file. If you haven’t saved it before, Save will act as if
you had chosen Save As by displaying the Save As dialog box:

This a standard Windows Save As dialog box: see Save As in the File menu (page
119) for full instructions on how to use it.

You can also use the Save and Close All command to save all the open Image
windows and then close them.

If you use a filename ending with a number, the Save Incremental command
becomes available. This saves the image with the same filename but the number
increased by one. This is useful if you want to save a sequence of images over a
period of time with the same tools in place.

You can save a sequence of images from a live window at timed intervals as short as
1 second using the Timed Save command. This is particularly useful when used in
combination with the Plot module, which allows you to plot trend graphs showing
how thermal measurements change over time, and also enables you to predict what a
temperature will be in the future (or what it was at some time in the past).

* -*
To open a new Image window containing a saved image:
 *

• If the image has been opened recently in ThermaScope® choose

the name of the file from the list at the bottom of the File menu, or
• Drag the image file from Windows Explorer into the
ThermaScope® window, or
• Choose Open from the File menu to display the Open
dialog box:

This is basically a standard Windows Open dialog box, and you can use it to open
images previously saved in ThermaScope® (.TGW).

Related commands:

Exchange Image in the Image menu opens a saved image in the active
Image window. This is useful if you want to apply tools placed in one
image to another image.

Exchange with Next in the Image menu behaves like Exchange Image
but automatically selects the next image in a sequence when the name of
the image in the active Image window ends with a number. The
command is grayed if the name of the current image does not end with a
number.
Exchange with Previous in the Image menu behaves like Exchange
Image but automatically selects the previous image in a sequence when
the name of the image in the active Image window ends with a number.
The command is grayed if the name of the current image does not end
with a number.

Open Visual in the File menu allows you to display a still visual image
in a separate Visual Image window and save it with the infrared image.
The Visual Image command in the View menu is checked when a
visual image is displayed: choose the command to check it and hide the
Visual Image window temporarily. Choose the command again to
redisplay the visual image. Delete Visual Image in the Image menu
removes the visual image from the image permanently.
!*

!*
1 * 1 #
%
9 % * *

; : 1
* *

The picture shows that you can open a number of different windows within the main
ThermaScope® window. The Main window can also display two dockable toolbars –
the Toolbar and the Tool Kit. These can be docked to one of the edges of the main
window (they are docked to the top edge of the main window in the picture) or
floated freely anywhere on the Windows desktop. The Toolbar is described in the
next chapter and the Tool Kit in the chapter following that.
The windows you can display in ThermaScope® can be divided into two groups:
• Document windows
• Image windows
• Visual Image windows
• Chart windows
• Information windows
• The Tool List window
• The Image Details window.

The windows in these two groups differ in a number of ways. For example, you can
only display one of each of the Information windows, but you can display as many
Image windows as you like, and each Image window can have an associated Visual
Image window and several Chart windows. Another difference is that the Document
windows can only be displayed within the Main ThermaScope® window, but the
Information windows can be dragged to anywhere on the Windows desktop.

The following two sections describe how to control the display of Document
windows and then Information Windows. The remaining sections in this chapter
then describe each of the individual types of window in turn.

# *
The commands in the Window menu apply only to the open Document windows.
You can use them to cascade or tile the non-minimized Document windows, or
arrange the minimized ones.

You can also use Close All to close all the Document windows together – you will
be asked if you want to save the files associated with the Image windows, if there
are any unsaved changes.

The Window menu also lists all of the open Document windows (only the document
windows appear on this list) and shows which one is active with a check mark.

One and only one Document window (Image, Visual Image or Chart window) can
be active at a time. To make a Document window active:
Click in it.

"
!*

or
Choose it from the list of open document windows in the Window
menu.

You can also switch between an active Image window and associated Chart
windows using the Tool List window by:
216 -clicking on a tool in the Tool List window to make the Chart
window associated with the tool active.
Clicking on a tool in the Tool List window to make the Image window
active, and select the tool.

Note that the image shown in a window connected to a live source is continuously
updated whether the window is active or not.
Unlike the Information windows, all the Document windows can be resized by
dragging their edges or corners.

1 *
The Information windows (The Tool List and Image Details windows) all have a
fixed size and can be dragged to any position on the Windows desktop. They show
information about the image in the most recently active Image window.

When they are displayed, the Information windows are always active, and always
appear on top of document windows if they overlap with them. The corresponding
command in the View menu is checked when the window is displayed.

The Information windows can be closed by clicking on the close box at the right-
hand end of their title bars, or by choosing the appropriate command from the View
menu – since this does not close any file, you will not be asked if you want to save
any data. You can redisplay an Information window by choosing the appropriate
command again from the View menu.
Note: You can also use a command in the View menu to show or hide a Visual
Image. This is the Visual Image in the image file associated with the active
Document window.

You can hide or show all of the Information windows (and the Tool Kit toolbar if it
is floating) together by choosing Hide All or Show All from the View menu.

$
You can tidy up the way the Information windows (and the Tool Kit toolbar if it is
floating) are displayed by choosing Arrange All from the View menu. This arranges
them at the top right-hand side of the main window.
Note: If you reduce the resolution of your display, the Information windows may
not appear on the screen, since their position is no longer visible. If this
happens, you can use Arrange All to bring them back onto the screen again.

1 *
You can have several Image windows open at the same time, but you cannot show
the same image (image file or live image from the same board) in two different
Image windows at the same time. However, if you do want to view multiple copies
of the same image file at the same time, you can use Save As in the File menu to
save a copy of the file with a new file name, and then view each of these copies in a
separate window. To view the same live image in two windows, you would need to
use a video splitter, or separate analog and digital outputs, to connect the input
source to two different GRAM® cards installed in your PC.

Image windows can contain:

• Static images loaded from a file – see Open in the File menu (page 114) for how
to open a window for a static image.
• Dynamic images coming from a camera connected to a board installed in your
PC – see Open Live Source in the Image menu (page 139) for how to open a
window for a live image. Dynamic images can be live or frozen – see Freeze/Go
Live in the Image menu (page 143).

&
!*

A window containing a static image can be connected to a live source to display a

dynamic image by choosing Open Live Source from the Image menu. A window
containing a dynamic image can be connected to a file to show a static image by
choosing Exchange from the Image menu, or the dynamic image can be made static
by choosing Disconnect Board from the Image menu.

The temperature palette at the left-hand edge of the image area shows the palette
used to display temperatures in the image (see Select in the Palette menu, page 151,
for changing the palette). The scale next to the palette shows the temperatures
represented by the different colors in the palette (see Units in the Options menu,
page 161, for changing the temperature units used, and Set Temperature Span in
the Image menu, page 148, for changing the temperature span represented by the
palette). The numbers in the boxes at the top and bottom of the temperature scale
show the temperatures represented by the colors at the extremes of the temperature
palette (a * symbol before the < and > symbols in the boxes shows that the
temperature span has been set to be less than the full span of the image). See Scale
Font in the Options menu for how to choose a font for the temperature scale used in
new Image windows.

When an infrared image (either live or from a file) is displayed in the Image
window, the status bar at the bottom of the window may show (depending on
whether the image supports these features) from left to right (not all of these are
shown in the picture of the image window as the window there is not big enough to
show all of the status bar):
• the time the image was produced

'
• the date the image was produced
• the emittance setting
• the background temperature setting
• either
• the GRAM® card mode if the image window is displaying a live image from a
GRAM® card. The possible modes are Normal, Narrow and Average ×2, ×4,
×8, ×16
or

• the source of the image displayed from a saved file

• the position of the pointer over the image and the temperature reading at that
point – see Units in the Options menu (page 161) for choosing the units used in
the display.

Image windows can be manipulated in the same way as any standard Windows
window. For example, they can be moved, resized, minimized and maximized using
the normal Windows techniques. However, the effect of resizing an Image window
is slightly different from most Windows applications, since when you resize the
window the magnification of the image shown in the window changes so that the
image fills the image area of the resized window. Furthermore, you cannot reshape
the window arbitrarily, as the aspect ratio of the resized window is constrained so
that the image still fills the window (or the same portion of the image fills the
window if you have used Magnify in the Tools/Image View submenu or the
magnifier tool to give a magnified view).

To close an Image window:

1 Make the window the active window by clicking in it or choosing it
from the list of open windows at the bottom of the Windows menu.
2 Either:
Choose Close from the File menu.
or
Click on the close box at the top right-hand corner of the window.

,
!*

/ 1 *
Clicking in an inactive Image window makes it active; clicking in an active Image
window has a number of different effects depending on where you click, how you
click and what placement tool is picked from the tool box.

Left-clicking on the image with most of the placement tools places the relevant
analysis tool onto the image: see the entries for the individual tools in The Tool Kit
later in this manual for details.

The effect of clicking with the selector tool depends on where and how you click:
see the entry for the selector tool in The Tool Kit (page 56) for details.

In some cases, however, the effect of clicking does not depend on which tool is
picked:
• Left double-clicking on the temperature scale with any tool displays the
Temperature Span dialog box and is equivalent to choosing Set Temperature
Span from the Image menu.
• Left double-clicking on the temperature palette with any tool except the isotherm
tool displays the Select Palette dialog box. This is equivalent to choosing Select
from the Palette menu so that you can select the palette to use with this image.
Note that it is not equivalent to choosing Default Color Palette from the
Options menu, which also displays the Select Palette dialog box, but uses it to
set the default palette, not the palette for the active image.
• Right-clicking on the image displays a pop-up menu allowing you to copy
features of the image or tool to the Windows clipboard:

The first copy command changes to reflect the current selection: it

becomes Copy tool if a tool is selected and Copy Image if no tool is
currently selected.
• Choose Copy Image to copy the image to the clipboard. This is

4
 equivalent to Copy Image in the Edit menu, which is only available
when an Image window is active and no tool is selected.
• Choose Copy tool to copy the selected tool to the clipboard. This is
equivalent to Copy tool in the Edit menu.
• Choose Copy File Name to copy the name of the file to the
clipboard (or the name of the window if it contains a dynamic
image).
• Choose Copy File Details to copy the image details. These are the
details displayed in the Image Details window (see page 45), so this
command is equivalent to right-clicking in the Image Details
window and choosing Copy All Details. If the image is a dynamic
image, any links you make by pasting the details you have copied
can be automatically updated.
• Choose Copy Temp. Units to copy the temperature units. You can
use this when you paste another object, such as a tool, into a
document in another application using a link. Pasting the
temperature units as well means that if you change the units in the
image, the units shown with the tool measurement in the document
will change appropriately with the changed number.
• Choose Copy Text Box 1 or Copy Text Box 2 to copy the contents
of the text boxes that are printed above and below the image when
you print it (see Edit Text Boxes in the Edit menu, page 136, for
details).
!*

: 1 *
Each image file can contain a visual image stored with the infrared image. This
visual image can be displayed in a Visual Image window:

Visual image windows can contain any picture provided it was originally in
Windows bitmap or color TIFF format, though it is typically used to show a visible
light picture of the object shown in the Image window.

Visual Image windows are standard windows, which you can drag, resize, minimize
and maximize in the usual way. However, as with Image windows, the aspect ratio
of the image is fixed, so you cannot reshape it arbitrarily.

Visual Image windows are provided mainly for identification and reference, and
only the following commands apply to them:
• Open Visual in the File menu, which you use to associate a visual image with
the image in the active Image window (saving the image in the Image window
using Save or Save As in the File menu, saves the visual image with the infrared
image in the image file).
• Delete Visual Image in the Image menu, which you use to permanently remove
an associated visual image from the image file.
• Visual Image in the View menu, which you use to temporarily show or hide the
Visual Image window.
• Copy Visual Image in the Edit menu, which is available when a Visual Image
window is active, and which you use to copy the visual image to the Windows
clipboard. Once the visual image has been copied, you can paste or paste link it
into a document in another application.
• Print in the File menu, which you use to print the visual image. If the Visual
Image window is active, the visual image is printed by itself; if an Image
window is active, you can choose to print the visual image with it – see Print
Options in the File menu (page 129) for details.

*
You can have several Chart windows open at the same time; indeed, depending on
what analysis tools you have defined, you can have several Chart windows for each
Image window.

Chart windows are used to display charts showing:

• Temperature profiles along a line drawn on the image (profiles can also be
displayed as 3D area charts):

• Histograms of the temperatures within regions drawn on the image (histograms

can also be displayed as pie charts):
!*

Resizing the Chart window resizes the chart automatically so that it fits the window.

See Profile and Histogram in the Tools→Create menu (page 159) for how to
create a profile or histogram and for more information on Chart windows.

When a Chart window is active, the copy command in the Edit menu changes to
Copy ProfileX or Copy HistogramX, depending on what is shown in the window.
Choosing the copy command copies both the chart and the data from which it is
drawn to the clipboard. You can paste either of these formats into another
application using the application’s Paste Special command: see Using Other
Applications, page 169, and the documentation for your other applications.
Note : The copy command for the profile only copies the data for the sample points
along the line and for the histogram it only copies the aggregate data for each
of the bins. If you want to copy the complete data for each point along a line
or for all points in the region, see Copy as ASCII (page 105) and Save to
ASCII File (page 103) in The Tool Kit chapter.
 1 # *

The Image Details window displays the image details associated with the most
recently active image window. The details shown depend on the format of the
image.
Note: The active window is not made inactive or a tool deselected when you click
in the Image Details window, so, for example, the copy command in the Edit
menu remains unchanged.

To copy details from the Image Details window to the clipboard:

1 If you want to copy a single detail, left-click on it to select it.
2 Right-click in the window to display a pop-up menu:

3 Choose Copy Detail to copy the selected detail to the clipboard; choose
Copy All Details to copy all the details to the clipboard (this is
equivalent to right-clicking on the image and choosing Copy File
Details).
Once you have copied details to the clipboard, they can be pasted into other
applications. If the application supports links, you can paste a link to the details,
which can be automatically updated.

"
!*

The Tool List window shows what analysis tools have been placed on the image in
the most recently active Image window. If another Image window is made active,
the Tool List window will change to show the analysis tools for that window.

A * following the name of an analysis tool in the Tool List window shows that there
is a Chart window associated with that tool. The Chart window may show, for
example, a profile or histogram, depending on the tool.

Clicking on an analysis tool in the Tool List window selects it in the Image window
(and makes the Image window active if it wasn’t already: for example, if a Chart
window was active when you clicked on the analysis tool in the Tool List window).
The Copy, Edit and Delete commands in the Edit menu also change to show the
name of the selected tool.

Double-clicking on an analysis tool in the Tool List window has the same effect as
clicking, but also displays an edit dialog box for the tool. It is equivalent to double-
clicking on the tool in the Image window or selecting the analysis tool and choosing
the Edit command from the Edit menu.
216 -clicking on an analysis tool with an associated Chart window makes the Chart
window active.

$
 %

The Toolbar is a dockable toolbar. You can dock it against any of the edges of the
main ThermaScope® window or make it float freely anywhere on the desktop, as in
the picture.

To dock a freely floating toolbar:

Drag it by its title bar to the edge that you want to dock it to.
or
Double-click in the toolbar to dock it back in the position it was last
docked.

To float a docked toolbar:

Drag it away from the edge – avoid clicking on a button when you drag
the toolbar.

You can also drag a docked toolbar from one edge of the main window to another or
along the edge it is docked to.

The Toolbar provides shortcuts to using some of the more commonly used menu
commands – there are menu equivalents for all of the buttons in the Toolbar apart
from the context-sensitive help tool. This chapter treats each tool in turn by giving a
brief description of its use: full instructions can be found under the corresponding
command’s entry in the Menus chapter.

&
 %

You must have an open Image window before you can open a live
image from a GRAM® card. The new button opens a new Image
window containing a dummy image, which you can then replace with a
live image using Open Live Source in the Image menu. You can also
link or embed the dummy image in a document produced in some other
application, and, provided the application supports OLE 2, open a live
source to be viewed in that document.

Pressing the new button is equivalent to choosing New from the File menu.

The open button opens an existing ThermaScope® image file.

Pressing the open button is equivalent to choosing Open from the File menu.

The save button saves the image in the active Image window in
ThermaScope® file format (*.TGW).

Pressing the save button is equivalent to choosing Save from the File menu.

The save incremental button is available if the active image is saved in

ThermaScope® format with a name ending with up to 8 digits, provided
they are not all “9” (for example IMAGE19.TGW). Pressing the save
incremental button saves the image in a new file with a new name given
by increasing the number by 1 (for example IMAGE20.TGW).

Pressing the save incremental button is equivalent to choosing Save Incremental

from the File menu.

'
.

The print button prints the contents of the active window.

Pressing the print button is equivalent to choosing Print from the File menu.

The copy button copies to the clipboard:

• the selected tool in an active Image window

• the image in an active Image window if no tool is selected
• the chart in an active Chart window
• the visual image in an active Visual Image window.

Pressing the copy button is equivalent to choosing the Copy command from the
Edit menu.

The undo button reverses the effect of the last undoable action. To find
out what the last undoable action was, look at the Undo command in the
Edit menu.

You can use undo repeatedly to undo a sequence of up to 100 actions.

Pressing the undo button is equivalent to choosing the Undo command from the
Edit menu.

The redo button reverses the effect of the last undo action. If the last
action was not an undo, the redo button is grayed. To find out what the
last redoable action was, look at the Redo command in the Edit menu.

,
 %

You can use redo repeatedly to redo a sequence of (up to 100) undo actions, until
you get back to an action that was not an undo.

Pressing the redo button is equivalent to choosing the Redo command from the Edit
menu.

# < ;*
The disconnect/reconnect button is grayed unless the active Image
window contains a dynamic (live or frozen) image from a GRAM® card,
or an image that has been disconnected from a board.

When the active Image window is connected to a board the disconnect/reconnect

button appears depressed: pressing the button disconnects the Image window from
the board.

When the active Image window has been disconnected from a board, the
disconnect/reconnect button appears undepressed: pressing the button reconnects the
Image window to its board.
Pressing the disconnect/reconnect to board button is equivalent to choosing
Disconnect Board/Reconnect to Board from the Image menu (see Freeze/Go Live
(page 143) and Disconnect Board/Reconnect to Board (page 140) for explanations
of the difference between freezing an image and disconnecting an Image window
from a board).

6 7< -

The freeze button is grayed unless the active Image window is

connected to a board.

When the active Image window contains a live image, the freeze/go live button
appears undepressed: pressing the button freezes the image. When the active Image
window contains a frozen image, the freeze/go live button appears depressed:
pressing the button makes the image go live again.

Pressing the freeze/go live button is equivalent to choosing Freeze or Go Live from
the Image menu (see Freeze/Go Live (page 143) and Disconnect
Board/Reconnect to Board (page 140) in the Image menu for explanations of the

"4
difference between freezing an image and disconnecting an Image window from a
board).

8
= 1

The exchange images button allows you to exchange the image within
the active Image window for an image saved on disk, leaving any
defined tools in place. This is particularly useful if you want to perform
similar analyses on a series of images.

Note that you cannot exchange with an image that is already open in another Image
window.

Pressing the exchange images button is equivalent to choosing Exchange from the
Image menu.

8
= .- <
5=

The exchange with previous and next image buttons are enabled if the
image in the active Image window has been loaded from or saved as a
file with a name ending with a number (for example IMAGE20.TGW).

The exchange with previous button allows you to exchange the image for an image
saved on disk with the same name (and extension) but ending with a number that is
1 less (for example IMAGE19.TGW). Similarly, the exchange with next button
allows you to exchange the image for an image saved on disk with the same name
but ending with a number that is 1 greater (for example IMAGE21.TGW). When
you exchange the image in an Image window, any analysis tools defined in the
Image window remain in place.

Note that you cannot exchange with an image that is already open in another Image
window.

The Save Incremental and Timed Save commands in the File menu can be used to
save a sequence of images with names suitable for use with these buttons.

Pressing the exchange with previous or next image button is equivalent to choosing
Exchange with Previous or Exchange with Next from the Image menu.

"
 %

: !

The view whole button replaces the magnified view of the image in the
active Image window with a view showing the complete image. Note
that the actual magnification on the screen in any view depends on the
size of the Image window.

Pressing the view whole button is equivalent to choosing View Whole from the
Image menu.

.
The palette selection drop-down list box allows you to select
the palette used to display the active window.

Making a choice from the palette selection drop-down list box is equivalent to
choosing Select from the Palette menu or double-clicking in the temperature palette
next to the temperature scale in the Image window. (Note that it is not equivalent to
choosing Default Color Palette from the Options menu, which selects the default
palette that is used by the Color command in the Palette menu and for new Image
windows.)
Note: When you are in-place editing an image embedded in another application’s
document, the palette selection drop-down list box is replaced by a button.
Pressing this button displays the Select Palette dialog box, which contains a
scroll box, allowing you to select a new palette.

The monochrome button displays the image in the active Image window
using the monochrome palette.

Pressing the monochrome button is equivalent to choosing Monochrome from the

Palette menu.

"
 The color button displays the image in the active Image window using
the current default color palette.

Pressing the color button is equivalent to choosing Color from the Palette menu.

1- .

The invert palette button inverts the palette used to display the active
Image window.

Pressing the invert palette button is equivalent to choosing Invert from the Palette
menu.

2*) < )

The hide analysis tools/show analysis tools button switches between not
displaying and displaying the analysis tools placed on the active image.

Pressing the hide analysis tools/show analysis tools button is equivalent to choosing
Hide Analysis Tools/Show Analysis Tools from the Edit menu.

. /5

The PosiTrak now button aligns the alignment markers set on the active
image with its alignment template.

Pressing the PosiTrak now button is equivalent to choosing PosiTrak Now from the
Image menu.

See the PosiTrak tool in The Tool Kit (page 89) for more information on aligning
images.

"
 %

= - 2
The context sensitive help tool allows you to get on-line help for using
ThermaScope® commands and tools. Pressing the button changes the
pointer to the help pointer:

Clicking with this pointer on an area of the ThermaScope® window or a tool, or

using it to select a menu command, opens a help window giving help for the item
you have selected.
Press 8 to cancel the operation before you have selected an item for help. The
pointer will change back to the normal pointer to show you have canceled the Help
operation.
This button has no menu equivalent, but you can use 2
16 + 6 as a keyboard shortcut.

"
 9

The Tool Kit is a dockable toolbar. You can dock it against any of the edges of the
main ThermaScope® window or make it float freely anywhere on the desktop.

To dock a freely floating toolbar:

Drag it by its title bar to the edge that you want to dock it to.

Or
Double-click in the toolbar to dock it back in the position it was last
docked.

To float a docked toolbar:

Drag it away from the edge – avoid clicking on a button when you drag
the toolbar.

You can also drag a docked toolbar from one edge of the main window to another or
along the edge it is docked to.
You can reshape a freely floating toolbar by dragging its edges.

9
The Tool Kit contains a number of tools for placing analysis tools onto images.
Picking these placement tools from the Tool Kit is equivalent to choosing them from
the Tools menu – full instructions for using the placement tools are given in this
chapter.

To pick one of the placement tools from the Tool Kit:

Click on the tool in the Tool Kit. When you pick a tool in this way, the
selector tool will be picked after you have placed the tool on the image.

or

""
 9

26 -click on the tool in the Tool Kit. When you pick a tool in this way,
1
the picked tool will remain picked after you have placed the tool on the
image. This is shown by the tool button remaining depressed after you
have placed the tool on the image.

You just click on the other tools in the Tool Kit to select them.

The selector tool has a number of different uses:

• Left-clicking with the selector tool on an analysis tool placed on the
image selects it.
• Left-clicking with the selector tool on an isotherm placed in the
temperature palette selects it.
• Double-clicking with the selector tool on an analysis tool placed on
the image displays an edit dialog box for the tool. This is equivalent
to selecting the tool and choosing the Edit command from the Edit
menu or double-clicking on the tool in the Tool List window.
• If the image supports emittance and background settings (for
example, the temperature units should not be set to luminance – see
Units in the Options menu, page 161), double-clicking with the
selector tool on the image displays the Temperature Calibration
dialog box. This operation is equivalent to choosing Calibrate
Temperature from the Image menu. Note that this operation sets
the overall temperature calibration for the image, but you can
override this for individual analysis tools using an edit dialog box,
which can be displayed using the Edit command or by double-
clicking on the tool in the Image window or the Tool List window.
• Double-clicking with the selector tool on an isotherm placed in the
temperature palette displays the Edit Isotherm dialog box. This is
equivalent to selecting the isotherm and choosing the Edit Iso
command in the Edit menu.

The selector tool can also be used to reposition and reshape analysis tools and to
move the tool labels. Instructions for using the selector tool in this way are given in
the entry for the relevant tool later in this chapter, and in Moving and reshaping
tools using the mouse (page 105) and Moving and editing tool labels (page 109).

"$
Selecting the selector tool in the Tool Kit is equivalent to choosing Selector from
the Tools→Select menu.

%
To place a label on an image:

1 Pick the label placement tool from the Tool Kit (or from the
Tools→Select menu). The pointer will change when it is over the active
image to show that you have picked the label placement tool:

2 Position the pointer where you want the label to point to.
3 Press the mouse button and drag out a line to point to the place on the
image where you want the label to appear (holding down 2 6 as you
1
drag constrains the pointer to an angle of 0, 30, 45, 60 or 90°).

The default label text will appear where you released the mouse button, with an
arrow pointing to the place you originally pressed the button:

8
* %

You can change the text and other properties of the label using the Edit Label
dialog box (you should also look at Moving and reshaping tools using the mouse
(page 105) for other techniques):

1 Pick the selector tool from the Tool Kit.

2 Click on the label in the image or select it in the Tool List window and
choose Edit Label from the Edit menu, or just double-click on the label
(make sure you double-click on the arrow not the label’s label).

"&
 9

In either case, the Edit Label dialog box will be displayed:

The X Y coordinates are given in terms of the currently selected units,

distance calibrations and image alignment – see Units in the Options
menu (page 161), Calibrate Distance in the Image menu (page 145)
and the PosiTrak® section later in this chapter (page 89).
3 Enter new X Y figures in the Origin boxes to change the position of the
tip of the label arrow (the place pointed to).
4 Enter new X Y figures in the Corner boxes to change the position of
the tail of the label arrow (where the text of the label is).
5 Select another color from the Color drop-down list box to change the
color of the label’s arrow.
6 Leave Label in the View box checked if you want the text of the label
to appear on the image; uncheck it if you want only the arrow to be
shown. Label is grayed if Tool is unchecked: see next instruction.
7 Leave Tool in the View box checked if you want the arrow of the label
(and the text if Label is checked), to appear on the image; uncheck it if
you don’t want the label to appear on the image at all. The label will
appear in the Tool List window even when Tool is unchecked, so you
will still be able to select and edit the tool by clicking on it there. (If you
want to make all tools invisible, use Hide Analysis Tools in the Edit
menu.)
8 Press Label Edit to change the text of the label and the way it appears
by displaying the Tool Label dialog box. See Moving and editing tool
labels (page 109) for how to use this dialog box.
9 Press OK to close the Edit Label dialog box, confirming the changes
you have made, or Cancel to close it without making any changes.

"'
 You use the line tool to draw a line, polyline (a series of lines joined end
to end) or curve (a polyline made up of short line segments so that it
appears to be a smooth curve) on the image.

You can use lines on the image in several ways:

• to display the maximum, minimum and mean temperatures along a line (or
polyline) in the image.
• to display the temperature profile along a line (or polyline) in the image – see the
Profile section (page 100) for how to display a temperature profile along a line
that you have already drawn on the image using the line tool.
• as a ruler, by using the readout of its length. If you impose your own system of
coordinates (see the PosiTrak® section, page 89) or calibrate the distances in the
image (see Calibrate Distance in the Image menu, page 145), the ruler can give
measurements in terms of real distances measured on the object.
• as a simple graphic object to mark off some feature of the image.

To draw a line or polyline on the image:

1 Pick the line placement tool from the Tool Kit (or from the
Tools→Select menu). The pointer will change when it is over the active
image to show that you have picked the line placement tool:

2 Position the pointer where you want the line to begin and click to place
one of the line’s end-points. (If you want to draw a freehand curve
rather than a straight line, do not release the mouse button, but hold it
down as you drag out the curve. However, if you want to draw a single
straight line or a polyline made up of a small number of line segments,
release the mouse button before you move the mouse.)
3 Move the pointer to the position you want to place the next point – as
you move the pointer a line will be drawn from the pointer back to the

",
 9

previous point:

Holding down 2 6 as you move the pointer constrains the line you are
1
drawing to an angle of 0, 30, 45, 60 or 90°.
4 Click to place the new point and drag out the next line segment in the
polyline, or double-click if you want to end the (poly)line here.

5 Repeat 3 and 4 until the (poly)line is complete:

After you have double-clicked to place the final point on the line, the control boxes
on the ends and vertices of the line show that it is still selected. You can use these
control boxes to reshape the line: see Moving and reshaping tools using the mouse
(page 105) for more information, and Moving and editing tool labels (page 109) for
how to change and move the tool label.

)
** -
To add vertices along the length of a (poly)line:
1 Select the line:

$4
 2 Hold down and move the pointer over the line at the point you want
to insert the new vertex. The pointer changes shape when it is over the
line:

3 Press the mouse button to create a new vertex and drag it to the required
position:

4 Release the mouse button to place the new vertex on the image:

- -
To delete a vertex from a polyline:
1 Select the line and move the pointer over the vertex to be removed.
2 Hold down . The pointer changes shape to show that you can delete
the vertex:

3 Click the mouse button to delete the vertex:

$
 9

8
*
You can change the (poly)line’s position and other attributes using the Edit Line
dialog box (you should also look at Moving and reshaping tools using the mouse
(page 105) for other techniques).

To edit a line:

1 Pick the selector tool from the Tool Kit.

2 If the line is not already selected, click on it in the image or select it in

the Tool List window.
3 Double-click on the line in the image or on the appropriate line tool in
the Tool List window, or choose the Edit Line command from the Edit
menu to display the Edit Line dialog box:

What values are shown in the X Y boxes depends on whether the line is
a single line or a polyline made up of more than one segment. If it is a
single line, the Origin values are the position of the first end you placed
on the image when you drew the line and the Corner values are the
coordinates of the other end of the line. If it is a polyline, the X Y values
are the top left-hand and bottom right-hand corners of the smallest
rectangle that can be drawn to include all of the polyline (the bounding
box). You can move a polyline using the Edit Line dialog box, but you
cannot change its shape or size, as the Corner boxes are grayed for a
polyline: see Moving and reshaping tools using the mouse (page 105)
for how to reshape a polyline.

$
 The coordinates are given in terms of the currently selected units,
distance calibrations and image alignment – see Units in the Options
menu (page 161), Calibrate Distance in the Image menu (page 145)
and the PosiTrak® section (page 89).
4 Enter new X Y figures in the Origin boxes to change the position of the
line. The whole line moves without changing shape when you change
the numbers in these boxes. (This means, in effect, that changing the
Origin values also changes the Corner values so that the whole line
moves. However, the Corner boxes continue to display the old values
unless you click in them, which causes them to redisplay to show the
new figures.)
5 You can only edit the X Y values in the Corner boxes if the line is a
single line. Change these values to alter the position of the second end
of the line (the one you placed on the image by double-clicking to
complete the line).
6 Leave Tool in the View box checked if you want the tool and any labels
to appear on the image; uncheck it if you don’t want the tool to appear
on the image at all. The tool will appear in the Tool List window even
when Tool is unchecked, so you will still be able to select and edit the
tool by clicking on it there. (If you want to make all tools invisible, use
Hide Analysis Tools in the Edit menu.)
7 Check Label in the View box if you want the text label on this tool to
be visible when the tool is visible; uncheck Label if you want the label
to be hidden even when the tool is shown.
8 Check Length in the View box if you want the length of the line to be
shown; uncheck Length if you want the length to be hidden.
9 Check Min, Mean and/or Max to show the minimum, mean and/or
maximum temperatures along the line; uncheck them to hide these
temperatures.
10 Press Label Edit to change the text labeling the tool and the way it
appears by displaying the Tool Label dialog box. See Moving and
editing tool labels (page 109) for how to use this dialog box.
11 Press Temp Calib to display the Temperature Calibration dialog box
if you want to change the temperature calibration individually for this
tool. See Setting the temperature calibration for a tool (page 111) for
instructions.

$
 9

12 Choose a new color for the tool from the Color drop-down list box in
the Attributes box.
13 If you are going to use the line to plot a chart, check Constant Data
Bins in the Attributes box if you want to divide the line into a number
of equal length regions (bins) and plot the average value of the points
sampled within each bin. When Constant Data Bins is checked, the
Constant Data Bins spin box is enabled so that you can enter the
number of bins you require (see the note following these instructions).
14 Enter a new value or use the up and down arrows in the Sampling
Frequency spin box to determine how many values should be read
along the line when plotting a chart. Use 1 to read every point, 2 to read
every other point, 3 to read every third point and so on. The largest
number you can enter is 30. (See the notes following these instructions.)
15 Click on Line Chart or 3D Area Chart in the Chart Type box to
decide how profile charts should be displayed: see the profile tool (page
100) for more details.
16 Press OK to close the dialog box and confirm all the changes you have
made to the line; press Cancel to close the dialog box without making
any changes.
Note: If you intend to copy the data or chart to a spreadsheet or other third-party
analysis program, it may be a good idea to set a constant number of data bins
so that the number of data items copied is the same even if you change the
length of the line you have drawn in ThermaScope®.
For some graphs, reducing the number of data bins or increasing the
sampling frequency may make the graphs clearer and easier to understand.

To place a spot temperature analysis tool on the image:

1 Pick the spot placement tool from the Tool Kit (or from the
Tools→Select menu). The pointer will change when it is over the active
image to show that you have picked the spot placement tool:

$
 2 Position the pointer at the spot on the image where you want to measure
the temperature and click.

8
*
You can change the spot analysis tool’s position and other attributes using the Edit
Spot dialog box. (You should also look at Moving and reshaping tools using the
mouse (page 105) for other techniques. In particular, you should note the comment
on selecting a spot when a differencer tool has been placed between the spot and
another tool.) See also Moving and editing tool labels (page 109) for how to change
and move the tool label.

To edit a spot temperature analysis tool:

1 Pick the selector tool from the Tool Kit.

2 If the spot is not already selected, click on it in the image or select it in

the Tool List window (you can do the latter even if the tool is hidden).
3 Double-click on the spot in the image or on the appropriate spot tool in
the Tool List window, or choose the Edit Spot command from the Edit
menu to display the Edit Spot dialog box:

The coordinates are given in terms of the currently selected units,

distance calibrations and image alignment – see Units in the Options
menu (page 161), Calibrate Distance in the Image menu (page 145)
and the PosiTrak® section (page 89).
4 Enter a new position for the spot’s position (Origin) in the X and Y
boxes – the dialog box allows you to position the spot precisely.
5 Choose a new color for the tool from the Color drop-down list box.

$"
 9

6 Check Tool in the View box if you want this tool to be visible on the
image; uncheck Tool if you want this tool and its label to be hidden on
the image. The tool will still appear in the Tool List window even when
it is hidden, so you will still be able to select and edit the spot. (If you
want to make all tools invisible, use Hide Analysis Tools in the Edit
menu.)
7 Check Label in the View box if you want the text label for this tool to
be visible when the tool is visible; uncheck Label if you want the label
to be hidden even when the tool is shown.
8 Check Temperature in the View box if you want the temperature to be
shown when the tool is visible; uncheck Temperature if you want the
temperature to be hidden even when the tool is shown.
9 Press Label Edit if you want to edit the label using the Tool Label
dialog box. See Moving and editing tool labels (page 109) for how to
use this dialog box.
10 Press Temp Calib to display the Temperature Calibration dialog box
if you want to change the temperature calibration individually for this
tool. See Setting the temperature calibration for a tool (page 111) for
instructions.
11 Press OK to close the dialog box and confirm all the changes you have
made to the spot; press Cancel to close the dialog box without making
any changes.

The rectangle tool is one of three tools for drawing enclosed regions on
images (the others are the ellipse and polygon tools).

You can use the rectangle tool:

• to display the maximum, minimum and mean temperatures within a rectangle in
the image.
• to analyze the temperature distribution within a rectangle in the image – see the
Histogram section (page 102).
• as a simple graphic object to mark off some feature of the image.

$$
#
To draw a rectangle on the image:

1 Pick the rectangle placement tool from the Tool Kit (or from the
Tools→→Select menu). The pointer will change when it is over the active
image to show that you have picked the rectangle placement tool:

2 Position the pointer for the first corner of the rectangle and press the
mouse button to place the corner on the image.
3 Drag out the rectangle by moving the pointer to where you want the
opposite corner (hold down 2 6 while you drag if you want to constrain
1
the rectangle to a square, but read the note following these instructions):

4 Release the mouse button to complete the rectangle:

Note: Perspective effects mean the rectangle you draw on the image may not be
rectangular on the real object. Furthermore, when you hold down 2 6 as you
1
drag, the rectangle is constrained to have an equal number of pixels on each
side (ie it is a square in pixel coordinates) but this may not correspond to a
square on the real object or on the screen display.

If you change the alignment of an image with a rectangle tool placed on it, the
positions of the top left and bottom right corners are adjusted and a new rectangle
drawn using these corners. This means that after alignment the new rectangle may
not correspond to exactly the same area on the object as before alignment. If a very
different viewpoint is used, the difference may not be acceptable, in which case you

$&
 9

should use the polygon tool to draw the required quadrilateral by hand and move the
position of the vertices appropriately after alignment.

8
*
You can change the rectangle analysis tool’s position and other attributes using the
Edit Region dialog box (you should also look at Moving and reshaping tools using
the mouse (page 105) for other techniques and for how to move the tool label). The
Edit Region dialog box is used for editing all types of region (rectangle, ellipse or
polygon), so to avoid repetition, the instructions for using the dialog box for any
type of region are given here only.

To edit a region analysis tool:

1 Pick the selector tool from the Tool Kit.

2 If the region is not already selected, select it by clicking on it in the

image or by selecting it in the Tool List window (you can do the latter
even if the tool is hidden).
3 Display the Edit Region dialog box by double-clicking on the rectangle
in the image, double-clicking on the appropriate tool name in the Tool
List window, or choosing the Edit Area command from the Edit menu:

The Origin and Corner coordinates in the Boundary box are,

respectively, the coordinates of the top left-hand and bottom right-hand
corners of the region’s bounding box (the smallest rectangle that can be
drawn to enclose the region). Naturally, in the case of a rectangle
region, the bounding box and the rectangle are the same.

$'
 The coordinates are given in terms of the currently selected units,
distance calibrations and image alignment – see Units in the Options
menu (page 161), Calibrate Distance in the Image menu (page 145)
and the PosiTrak® section (page 89).
4 Enter new X Y figures in the Origin boxes to change the position of the
top-left hand corner of the region’s bounding box. If the region is a
polygon or Size Lock is checked, the whole region moves without
changing shape when you change the numbers in these boxes; otherwise
only the top-left hand corner of the bounding box moves and the region
will change size and shape accordingly.
5 Check Size Lock if you just want to move the region by changing the
Origin figures. The Corner coordinate boxes will be grayed as the
position of the bottom right-hand corner of the region is fixed by the
size and Origin position: changing the Origin figures effectively
changes the Corner figures as well, but you will only see the change if
you uncheck and check Size Lock again.
The check box and Corner boxes are grayed if the region is a polygon;
you can only change the size or shape of a polygon using the mouse (see
the Polygon and Moving and reshaping tools using the mouse sections
(pages 73 and 105 respectively).
6 To change the size or shape of a rectangle or ellipse, make sure that Size
Lock is unchecked and enter new figures in the Corner X Y boxes.
Note that the figures in the corner box are the coordinates of the bottom
right-hand side of the bounding box of the region, so changes that make
the X Y figures smaller than the corresponding Origin figures will be
ignored when you close the dialog box. You should also note that the
minimum height or width of the bounding box is 3 pixels. When you
close the dialog box, the region will be redrawn to fit within the
bounding box.
7 Leave Tool in the View box checked if you want the region and any
labels to appear on the image; uncheck it if you don’t want the region to
appear on the image at all. The region will appear in the Tool List
window even when Tool is unchecked, so you will still be able to select
and edit the tool by clicking on it there. (If you want to make all tools
invisible, use Hide Analysis Tools in the Edit menu.)

$,
 9

8 Check Label in the View box if you want the text label on this tool to
be visible when the tool is visible; uncheck Label if you want the label
to be hidden even when the tool is shown.
9 Check Area in the View box if you want the area of the region’s
bounding box to be shown; uncheck Area if you want the area to be
hidden.
10 Check Min, Mean and/or Max to show the minimum, mean and/or
maximum temperatures within the region; uncheck them to hide these
temperatures.
11 Press Label Edit to change the text labeling the region and the way it
appears by displaying the Tool Label dialog box. See Moving and
editing tool labels (see page 109) for how to use this dialog box.
12 Press Temp Calib to display the Temperature Calibration dialog box
if you want to change the temperature calibration individually for this
tool. See Setting the temperature calibration for a tool (page 111) for
instructions.
13 Choose a new color for the tool from the Color drop-down list box in
the Attributes box.
14 Change the number of bins used to create a histogram (see the
Histogram section, page 102) by typing in a new figure or clicking on
the up or down arrows of the No. of Bins spin box. Note that for some
charts (particularly pie charts: see step 16), reducing the number of data
bins may make the charts clearer and easier to understand. (See also the
note on page 64.)
15 Check Include Extremes to include data lying below (above) or equal
to the lowest (highest) temperature in the set temperature range in the
lowest (highest) bin in a histogram created for the region.
Uncheck Include Extremes to exclude data lying on or outside the
boundaries of the temperature range from the histogram. For example, if
you are using the full temperature range of an image, include extremes
will exclude fully saturated and fully unsaturated data points.
(Note that the setting of Include Extremes does not affect the
minimum, maximum and mean temperatures, and the standard deviation
and skew values given with the histogram – these are calculated from
the actual temperatures within the area, not just those within the

&4
 temperature range). See Include Extremes in Histograms in the
Options menu (page 163) for choosing the default setting for Include
Extremes for new areas.
16 Click on one of the Shape radio buttons if you want to change the
shape.
Changing from an ellipse produces a region the shape of the bounding
box; changing to an ellipse produces an ellipse drawn within the
bounding box of the original region.
Changing to either a rectangle or a polygon produces a region that is the
same shape, but with the polygon you can reshape the area by moving
each of the vertices independently with the mouse (see Moving and
reshaping tools using the mouse (page 105)).
17 Click on Bar or Pie in the Chart Type box to decide how histogram
charts should be displayed: see the Histogram section (page 102) for
more details.
18 Click on Min or Max in the Auto-spot box to display a marker in the
area identifying the hottest and coolest spots. See Auto-spots in the
Options menu (page 164) for choosing whether the setting of auto-spots
is on or off by default when you create a new region tool.
19 Press OK to close the dialog box and confirm all the changes you have
made to the area; press Cancel to close the dialog box without making
any changes.

The ellipse tool is one of three tools for drawing enclosed regions on
images (the others are the rectangle and polygon tools).

You can use the ellipse tool:

• to display the maximum, minimum and mean temperatures within an ellipse in
the image.
• to analyze the temperature distribution within an ellipse in the image – see the
Histogram section (page 102).
• as a simple graphic object to mark off some feature of the image.

&
 9

#
To draw an ellipse on the image:

1 Pick the ellipse placement tool from the Tool Kit (or from the
Tools→Select menu). The pointer will change when it is over the active
image to show that you have picked the ellipse placement tool:

To draw the ellipse you drag out a bounding rectangle in which the
ellipse is drawn. You don’t actually see the rectangle; the resulting
ellipse itself is displayed as you drag out the bounding rectangle.
2 Position the pointer for the first corner of the bounding rectangle and
press the mouse button to place the corner on the image.
3 Drag out the bounding rectangle by moving the pointer to where you
want the opposite corner (hold down 2 6 while you drag if you want to
1
constrain the ellipse to be a circle, but read the note following these
instructions):

4 Release the mouse button to complete the bounding rectangle and place
the ellipse on the image:

Note: When you hold down 2 16 as you drag, the bounding rectangle is constrained
to have an equal number of pixels on each side (ie it is a square in pixel
coordinates), so the circle that is drawn within this square may not
correspond to a circle on the real object or on the screen display.

&
If you change the alignment of an image with an ellipse tool placed on it, the
positions of the top left and bottom right corners of its bounding rectangle are
adjusted and a new ellipse drawn using this new bounding rectangle. This means that
after alignment the new ellipse may not correspond to exactly the same area on the
object as before alignment. If the difference is unacceptable, you should use the
polygon tool to draw the required shape by hand and move the position of the
vertices appropriately after alignment.

8
*
You can change the ellipse analysis tool’s position and other attributes using the
Edit Region dialog box (you should also look at Moving and reshaping tools using
the mouse (page 105) and Moving and editing tool labels (page 109) for other
techniques). The Edit Region dialog box is used for editing all types of region
(rectangle, ellipse or polygon), so to avoid repetition, the instructions are given once,
on page 68.

See Histogram section (page 102) for how to display a histogram showing the
distribution of temperatures within the ellipse.

The polygon tool is one of three tools for drawing enclosed regions on
images (the others are the rectangle and ellipse tools).

You can use the polygon tool:

• to display the maximum, minimum and mean temperatures within a polygon in
the image.
• to analyze the temperature distribution within a polygon in the image – see the
Histogram section (page 102).
• as a simple graphic object to mark off some feature of the image.

&
 9

#
To draw a polygon on the image:

1 Pick the polygon placement tool from the Tool Kit (or from the
Tools→Select menu). The pointer will change when it is over the active
image to show that the polygon placement tool is selected:

2 Position the pointer where you want to place the first vertex.
3 Move the pointer to where you want the next corner: as you move the
pointer a dashed line will be drawn from the pointer back to the first
point:

Holding down 2 16 as you drag constrains the side of the polygon you
are drawing to an angle of 0, 30, 45, 60 or 90°.
4 Click to place the new corner on the image and move the pointer to
where you want the next corner. The first side of the polygon will be
drawn in and as you move the pointer, a line will be drawn from the
pointer back to the previous point:

If you want to draw the polygon side as a freehand curve (a series of

very short straight lines) rather than a straight line, do not release the
mouse button, but hold it down as you drag out the curve.
5 Repeat step 4 until you have placed all but the final vertex on to the
image:

6 Double-click to place the final vertex on the image. A new line will be

&
 drawn from the final vertex back to the first vertex to close the polygon:

After you have double-clicked to complete the polygon, the control boxes on the
vertices of the polygon show that it is left selected. You can use these control boxes
to reshape the line: see Moving and reshaping tools using the mouse (page 105) for
more information.

You can also use add or remove vertices from the polygon in just the same way as
you do for polylines: see the Line section (page 59) for full details.

8
*
You can change the polygon analysis tool’s position and other attributes using the
Edit Region dialog box (you should also look at Moving and reshaping tools using
the mouse (page 105) and Moving and editing tool labels (page 109) for other
techniques). The Edit Region dialog box is used for editing all types of region
(rectangle, ellipse or polygon), so to avoid repetition, the instructions are given in
the Rectangle section (page 66).

See the Histogram section (page 102) for how to display a histogram showing the
distribution of temperatures within the polygon.

#
Use the differencer placement tool to display the difference in temperature readings
between any two spot, line or area analysis tools.

To display a temperature difference:

1 Select the differencer placement tool from the Tool Kit (or from the
Tools→Select menu). The pointer will change when it is over the image
to show that the differencer tool is selected:

&"
 9

When the pointer is near an analysis tool on the image, it changes again:

to show that you can display the temperature difference between this
tool and another. The + means that the temperature read by the other
tool will be taken away from the temperature read by this tool.
2 Move the pointer next to the analysis tool that you want to make the +
end of the difference, press the mouse button and drag the pointer
towards the analysis tool that you want to make the − end of the
difference:

&$
 A line is dragged out from the + tool to the pointer showing that you are
making a link with another tool. When you move the pointer near
another tool the pointer changes again to show that you can make the
tool the − end of the difference:

3 Release the mouse button to display the temperature difference between

the tools:

Note that for a spot or area, the link between tools is drawn to the center of the spot
or area. For a line tool, the link is drawn to the center of a single line, but to the end
of the line placed last on the image for a polyline.

8
* *
You can change attributes of the temperature difference display such as which tools
it links and the label using the Edit Differencer dialog box (you can also change
which tools are linked using the mouse: see the instructions following these).
To edit a difference display:

1 Pick the selector tool from the Tool Kit.

2 If the differencer is not already selected, click on it in the image or

select it in the Tool List window.

&&
 9

3 Double-click on the differencer in the image or on the appropriate

differencer tool in the Tool List window, or choose the Edit Diff
command from the Edit menu to display the Edit Differencer dialog
box:

4 Change the tool at the + end of the differencer by selecting a tool from
the Plus drop-down list box.
5 Change the tool at the − end of the differencer by selecting a tool from
the Minus drop-down list box.
6 Choose a new color for the tool from the Color drop-down list box in
the Attributes box.
7 Leave Tool in the View box checked if you want the differencer and
any labels to appear on the image; uncheck it if you don’t want them to
appear on the image at all. The differencer tool will appear in the Tool
List window even when Tool is unchecked, so you will still be able to
select and edit the tool by clicking on it there. (If you want to make all
tools invisible, use Hide Analysis Tools in the Edit menu.)
8 Check Label in the View box if you want the text label on this tool to
be visible when the tool is visible; uncheck Label if you want the label
to be hidden even when the tool is shown.
9 Check Minimum, Mean and/or Maximum to show the differences
between the minimum, mean and/or maximum temperatures. Minimum
and Maximum are grayed if both tools linked by the differencer are
spot tools.
10 Press Label Edit to change the text labeling the differencer and the way
it appears by displaying the Tool Label dialog box. See Moving and
editing tool labels (page 109) for how to use this dialog box.

&'
 11 Press OK to close the dialog box and confirm all the changes you have
made to the differencer; press Cancel to close the dialog box without
making any changes.

/*% *
You can use the mouse to change which analysis tools are linked by the differencer
tool as an alternative to using the Edit Differencer dialog box.
To change the tool linked by a differencer tool:

1 Pick the selector tool from the Tool Kit.

2 If the differencer is not already selected, select it by clicking on it in the

image or selecting it in the Tool List window. When the differencer is
selected, control boxes appear at each end. When you place the pointer
over the control box it shows whether it is the + or − end of the
differencer.
3 With the pointer over the control box of the end you want to transfer,
press and drag the link to the other tool.
The pointer will change to show the + or − symbol (depending which
end you are moving) when it is in the correct position to make the new
link.
4 Release the mouse button to make the link to the new tool.

1
Use the isotherm placement tool to color all parts of the image within a specified
temperature band with a specified color.

To display an isotherm on an image:

1 Select the isotherm placement tool from the Tool Kit (or from the
Tools→Select menu). The pointer will change when it is over the
temperature palette to show that the isotherm tool is selected:

&,
 9

2 Position the pointer on the palette where you want to place the upper (or
lower) boundary of the isotherm (the temperature corresponding to the
pointer position is shown in the status bar to help you place the isotherm
precisely). Press and hold down the mouse button.
The pointer will change to show that you are dragging out the isotherm:

(If you move the pointer above the initial position the pointer changes to
an upward pointing arrow.)
3 Drag the isotherm out to the lower (or upper) boundary:

4 Release the mouse button.

Parts of the image with temperatures lying between the upper and lower values you
have set will be colored with the next default isotherm color (you can change the
color using the Edit Isotherm dialog box – see below).

'4
To change the range of an isotherm using the mouse:

1 Pick the selector tool from the Tool Kit (or choose Selector from the
Tools→Select submenu).

When you move the pointer over the isotherm in the temperature scale in the Image
window, the pointer will change if it is over the upper boundary:

over the lower boundary:

or if it is between the boundaries:

2 To move one of the boundaries:

Move the pointer over the boundary so that it changes to a single-
headed arrow, and drag the boundary to its new position.
To move the whole isotherm to a new position in the temperature scale without
changing its spread:
Move the pointer over the middle of the isotherm so that it changes to a
double-headed arrow and drag the isotherm to its new position in the
temperature scale.

You can also edit the boundaries and other attributes of an isotherm using the Edit
Isotherm dialog box.

'
 9

8
*
To edit an isotherm:

1 Select the selector tool from the Tool Kit.

2 If the isotherm is not already selected, click on it in the temperature

palette or select it in the Tool List window (you can do the latter even if
the tool is hidden).
3 Display the Edit Isotherm dialog box by double-clicking on the
isotherm in the temperature palette, double-clicking on the appropriate
isotherm tool in the Tool List window or choosing the Edit Iso
command from the Edit menu:

4 Type in or select a value for the upper boundary of the isotherm in the
Upper spin box.
5 Type in or select a value for the lower boundary of the isotherm in the
Lower spin box.
6 Check Luminance Locked if you want the isotherm boundaries to be
fixed by the current luminance value from the camera, rather than the
temperature calculated from this value – as you cannot make any
adjustments to the temperature calibration on ThermaScope® cameras,
this setting has no effect for their images.
7 Select a color for the isotherm from the Color drop-down list box.
8 Check Visible (the default) if you want the isotherm to be displayed on
the image; uncheck it if you do not want the isotherm to appear. You
may want to do this temporarily if the image is complex, or you have a
large number of tools defined and you want to concentrate on some
other aspect of the image.

'
+ .
To analyze the temperature profile along a line in the image and display the profile
over the image (see the Profile section, page 100) for displaying a temperature
profile in a separate chart window):

1 Pick the on-screen profile tool from the Tool Kit (or from the
Tools→Select submenu). The pointer will change when it is over the
image to show that the tool is selected:

2 Move the pointer to the point you want to begin the temperature profile:

'
 9

3 Press the mouse button and hold it down while you drag out the line
along which you want to display the profile (holding down 2 6 as you
1
drag constrains the line you are drawing to an angle of 0, 30, 45, 60 or
90°):

4 Release the mouse button to complete the line and display the on-screen
profile:

The profile shows the temperature at each point along the line.

8
*
You can change attributes of the on-screen profile using the Edit On-Screen Profile
dialog box – see also Using the keyboard to change the properties of an on-screen
profile (page 88) for how to change on-screen profile attributes using the keyboard
without displaying the dialog box (in fact the only way to change the position of the
profile cursor is using the keyboard). You should also look at Moving and reshaping

'
tools using the mouse (page 105) and Moving and editing tool labels (page 109) for
other techniques.

To edit an on-screen profile tool:

1 Pick the selector tool from the Tool Kit.

2 If the on-screen profile is not already selected, select it by clicking on it

in the image or by selecting it in the Tool List window (you can do the
latter even if the tool is hidden).
3 Display the Edit On-Screen Profile dialog box by double-clicking on
the profile in the image, double-clicking on the appropriate tool name in
the Tool List window, or choosing the Edit OSProf. command from the
Edit menu:

The coordinates are given in terms of the currently selected units,

distance calibrations and image alignment – see Units in the Options
menu (page 161), Calibrate Distance in the Image menu (page 145)
and the PosiTrak® section (page 89).
4 Enter new X Y figures in the Origin boxes to change the position of the
profiled line. The whole line moves without changing shape when you
change the numbers in these boxes, so the values in the Corner boxes
also change to show where it will be moved to.
5 Change the X Y values in the Corner boxes to alter the position of the
other end of the profiled line.
6 Check Fixed Size if you want to disable the Corner coordinate boxes to
prevent the length and direction of the line being changed.

'"
 9

7 Leave Tool in the View box checked if you want the tool and any labels
to appear on the image; uncheck it if you don’t want the tool to appear
on the image at all. The tool will appear in the Tool List window even
when Tool is unchecked, so you will still be able to select and edit the
tool by clicking on it there. (If you want to make all tools invisible, use
Hide Analysis Tools in the Edit menu.)
8 Check Label in the View box if you want the text label on this tool to
be visible when the tool is visible; uncheck Label if you want the label
to be hidden even when the tool is shown.
9 Check Length in the View box if you want the length of the profiled
line to be shown; uncheck Length if you want the length to be hidden.
10 Check Min, Mean and/or Max in the View box if you want the label to
show the minimum, mean and/or maximum temperatures along the line;
uncheck them to hide these temperatures.
11 Press Label Edit to change the text labeling the tool and the way it
appears by displaying the Tool Label dialog box. See Moving and
editing tool labels (page 109) for how to use this dialog box.
12 Press Temp. Calib to display the Temperature Calibration dialog box
if you want to change the temperature calibration individually for this
tool. See Setting the temperature calibration for a tool (page 111) for
instructions.
13 Choose a new color for the tool from the Color drop-down list box in
the Attributes box.
14 Enter a new value or use the up and down arrows in the Height spin box
in the Attributes box to determine how high the profile display should
be as a percentage of the image height. (You can also adjust this height
without using the dialog box by selecting the profile and pressing . .
or . # 5.)
5
15 Check Flip Profile if you want to plot the profile on the other side of
the profiled line.
16 Check Boundary in the Attributes box if you want to display a
boundary around the profile on the image. (A boundary is always
displayed if the profile cursor, temperature indicator or the minimum,
maximum or mean line is displayed, so this option is checked and
grayed if any of the options in the following steps are checked.)

'$
 17 Check Profile Cursor in the Attributes box if you want to display the
profile read-out cursor on the profile (see Profile cursors and
temperature indicators, page 87, for details).
18 Check Temp. Ind. in the Attributes box if you want to display the
temperature indicator on the profile (see Profile cursors and
temperature indicators, page 87, for details).
19 Enter a new value or use the up and down arrows in the Temp. Ind.
spin box in the Attributes box to set the position of the temperature
indicator. You can also adjust this position without using the dialog box
by selecting the profile and pressing ↑ or ↓.
20 Check Min Line, Mean Line and/or Max Line in the Attributes box if
you want to display lines showing the minimum (blue line), mean
(green line) and/or maximum (red line) temperatures.
21 Press OK to close the dialog box and confirm all the changes you have
made to the on-screen profile; press Cancel to close the dialog box
without making any changes.

. * *

If you choose to display a profile cursor (Step 17 in the previous instructions), it will
appear as a line at right angles to the line of the profile showing the temperature at
that point on the profile:

To move the profile read-out cursor along the profile line:

Press → or ←.

If you choose to display a temperature indicator (Steps 18 and 19 in the previous

'&
 9

instructions), it will appear as a line parallel to the line of the profile showing the
position of a set temperature on the temperature scale:

To move the temperature indicator up or down the temperature axis:

Press ↑ or ↓.

/% *

When an on-screen profile is selected, you can adjust some of its attributes without
opening the Edit On-Screen Profile dialog box.

To change the height of the profile display:

Press . .to increase the height or . #
5 to decrease it.

To move the profile read-out cursor along the profile line:

Press → or ←.

To move the temperature indicator up or down the temperature axis:

Press ↑ or ↓.

To produce a magnified view of the image in the image window:

1 Pick the magnifier tool from the Tool Kit (or from the Tools→Image
View submenu). The pointer will change when it is over the image to
show a magnifier:

''
 2 To magnify the image by a factor of two, click with the magnifier at the
point you want to be in the center of the magnified image.
To magnify a specific part of the image, move the pointer to the top left-
hand corner of the area you want to magnify, press the mouse button
and drag out to the bottom right-hand corner of the area. The region you
have outlined will be magnified to fill the image window.

To reduce the magnification of a magnified image by a factor of two:

Press 2
16 while you click with the magnifier tool.

Use View Whole in the Image menu to return to a non-magnified view.

0
. /

The patented PosiTrak® tool provides two related but distinct facilities:
• Image alignment: The PosiTrak® tool can be used to take the same thermal
measurements from a series of images of the same object, even if the images are
taken from different positions or using a different camera angle. You place the
tools (spots, profiles etc) and establish three reference points on one image.
Then, by aligning the other images to these reference points, the analysis tools
are moved to the correct positions on the other images. You can even use this
technique with a live image if the object moves within the field of view.

See Aligning images (page 94) and the sections following it for instructions on
using the PosiTrak® tool in this way.
Note: The PosiTrak® module builds on the power of the PosiTrak® tool to relate
reference points in different images. It provides a range of commands
allowing you to combine images in a variety of ways – for details, see the
separate PosiTrak® module part of this manual.

• Distance calibration: The PosiTrak® tool can also be used as a simple method
of calibrating an image for camera distance and angle of view using an object of
known size within the field of view. Effectively you impose your own coordinate
system on the image to reflect real distances on the object.

',
 9

See Using the PosiTrak® tool or Calibrate Distance to fix the measurement
system (page 90) and the section following it for this use of the PosiTrak® tool.
Note : The PosiTrak® tool is unavailable if you have selected pixels as the unit of
distance (using Units in the Options menu), since positions and
measurements are then given absolutely in terms of pixels in the image rather
than real-world distances.

0
. / % # =
When you choose to use real-world distance units (see Units in the Options menu,
page 161), ThermaScope® has to translate measurements from pixels on the image to
the real-world distances. There are two ways of establishing the relationship
between these systems of measurement:
• Using Calibrate Distance in the Image menu (see page 145 for full
instructions). This establishes a coordinate system with its origin at the top left-
hand corner of the image, axes in the horizontal and vertical directions and a
scale calculated from the camera’s field of view and the distance between the
camera and the object.
• Using the PosiTrak® tool. This provides a more flexible approach, which is
described in more detail in the following section.

Note that the PosiTrak® tool and Calibrate Distance approaches are alternatives to
each other: using one overrides any settings you have made previously using the
other method. Remember that if you are not interested in knowing the precise real-
world coordinates of objects in the image, you do not need to use either method for
calibrating the distances.

You would probably use the distance calibration method for one-off images where
the camera position is square on to the object and the exact distance to the object is
known. The alignment method is more suitable if you do not know the exact
distance from the camera to the object, but you do know the exact dimensions of the
object (or some easily recognizable component). You can use the alignment method
to compensate for perspective effects when the camera is viewing the object from an
angle or if you want to relate the positions of points on a series of images of the
same object, especially if the images are taken from varying viewpoints or if the
camera angle varies.

,4
 0
* . /
The ThermaScope® PosiTrak® tool provides a convenient method of calibrating and
making distance measurements on any image. All you have to do is give the true
positions of three points on the image and the true positions of all other points will
be given automatically, and any measurements you make on the screen will be
translated into real-world distances. For example, if there is a rectangular object in
the image, you can use three of its corners as the reference points with their
coordinates given by the length and breadth of the rectangle.

To impose your own coordinate system on an image:

1 Establish three points on the image that you want to use as reference
points and measure their actual positions on the object, using the
coordinate system you want to impose. Ideally, the reference points
should be close to the main area of interest on the object and distributed
about it. At the very least, you need to ensure that the reference points
do not lie on (or close to) a straight line.

2 Pick the PosiTrak® tool from the Tool Kit (or from the Tools→Image
View menu). Alignment marks will appear with default labels at three
corners of the image:

,
 9

The pointer will change when it is over the image to show that the
PosiTrak® tool is selected:

When the pointer is over an alignment marker it changes to show that

you can move it:

3 Drag each of the alignment markers so that they lie on your three
reference points.

To place the markers accurately, you may find it useful to position them
roughly in whole image view before positioning them precisely in a
magnified view: see View Whole in the Image menu (page 145) and
Magnify in the Tools→Image View submenu (page 88). Note that you
will need to pick the PosiTrak® tool again after using the magnifier.

,
4 Double-click in the image area to display the PosiTrak Markers dialog
box:

5 Enter the X and Y positions of the three markers in the appropriate

boxes in the Position box.
As a simple example, if the image contains a rectangular object, which
is known to be 3m high and 4m wide, you could place the alignment
markers at the top left, top right and bottom left corners::

and enter the following values for the X and Y co-ordinates:

M1 0 (X) 0 (Y)
M2 4 (X) 0 (Y)
M3 0 (X) 3 (Y)
6 Enter your own labels for the alignment markers in the Label box.
7 Press Font if you want to change the font used for the labels: see Print
Title in the File menu (page 127) for how to use the Font dialog box.

,
 9

8 Uncheck Visible in the Label box if you don’t want the labels shown
next to the markers; leave it checked if you do want the labels
displayed.
9 Press OK to close the dialog box.

The new labels will appear next to the markers.

As you move the pointer around the image, its position is shown at the bottom of the
screen using your new coordinate system. The position of tools in edit dialog boxes
will also be shown relative to the new coordinate system.

Your new coordinate system will be saved with the image when you save it, and will
be used with this image until you change it again or use Calibrate Distance in the
Image menu, which reimposes the default coordinate system for the calibration you
set and returns the markers to their default positions.

)
Unless you are very careful, if you take two or more images of the same object on
different occasions, the camera position and angle will vary to some extent. This
means that if you place tools on one of the images and then use Exchange Image in
the Image menu to replace it with one of the other images, the tools will not lie over
exactly the same points in the image. The PosiTrak® tool allows you to reposition
the tools automatically so that you can get reliable measurements taken from the
same points on all the images.

You can align images manually using the method described in the previous section
to impose the same coordinate system on different images, using the same reference
points and entering the same coordinates. You could then place the tools manually
on each image and position them precisely in your coordinate system using their edit
dialog boxes.

However, ThermaScope® allows this to be done more simply by using the same
Image window for all the images. The procedure is as follows:
1 Place the tools you require in the first image and create a template by
defining reference points in the image.

,
 2 Use Exchange in the Image menu to load in another image. The tools
will stay in the same position in the Image window but may not be in
the correct position on the image because of differences in camera angle
and viewpoint between the images.

3 Position alignment markers over the points corresponding to the

reference points in the new image and align them to the template. The
tools will be repositioned to put them in the correct position over the
new image.

There are, therefore, two processes involved in aligning images:

• creating a template by selecting three reference points in the first image;
• positioning alignment markers over the corresponding points in the other images,
and aligning them to the template position.

The next section shows you how to create a template; the section following it then
shows you how to use the template to align other images.

If you have imposed your own coordinate system using the method in the Changing
the coordinate system using the PosiTrak® tool section (page 91), the reference
markers you used are the defaults for the alignment template. This means that if you
want to use the same reference points for alignment, there is no need to redefine the
template using the technique described in this section.
To create a template:

1 Pick the PosiTrak® tool from the Tool Kit (or from the Tools→Image
View menu). Alignment marks will appear in the positions you have
placed them or in their default positions if you have not moved them
previously.

2 Choose three points in the image to use as reference points. The

reference points should be close to the main area of interest in the image
and distributed about it. At the very least, you need to ensure that the
reference points do not lie on (or close to) a straight line.

,"
 9

3 Drag each of the alignment markers so that they lie on your three
reference points.
You can position the markers roughly in whole image view before positioning them
precisely in a magnified view: see View Whole in the Image menu (page 145) and
Magnify in the Tools→Image View submenu (page 155). Note that you will need
to pick the PosiTrak® tool again after using the magnifier.

The example shows a spot analysis tool placed on the image as well as
the alignment markers after they have been placed on the reference
points.
4 Double-click in the image area to display the PosiTrak Markers dialog
box:

The figures in the Position box show the coordinates of the alignment
markers when they were last used to define the coordinate system (or
the defaults if no new coordinate system has been imposed). Do not

,$
 alter these figures if you want to set an alignment template; if you want
to change the coordinate system, follow the instructions in the Changing
the coordinate system using the PosiTrak® tool section (page 91).
5 Press Template to set the current positions of the alignment markers as
a template for aligning other images. The figures in the Position box
will show the position of the alignment markers in the coordinate
system defined for the image.
6 Press OK to close the dialog box.

When you save the image, the template you have defined will be saved with it. If
you change the image in the window using Exchange in the Image menu, the
template will remain unchanged and you can use it to align the new image to the
original. If you then use Save As in the File menu to save the image with a new
name, you will be able to save the new image without overwriting the original to
which it has been aligned.
The template setting for an image remains unchanged until you do any of the
following:
• Use the PosiTrak® tool to set a new template using the method of this section.
• Use the PosiTrak® tool to impose a new coordinate system using the method of
the Changing the coordinate system using the PosiTrak® tool section (page 91).
• Use Calibrate Distance in the Image menu, which resets the coordinate system
and template to the default for the calibration you set.

)
To align a new image to an existing image:
1 Open an Image window for the existing image using Open in the File
menu.
2 Define a template for the image using the method just described in the
Creating an alignment template section (page 95), or define a new
coordinate system using the method described in the Changing the
coordinate system using the PosiTrak® tool section (page 91).

3 Load the new image into the open Image window using Exchange in
the Image menu.

,&
 9

4 Select the PosiTrak® tool from the Tool Kit (or from the Tools→Select
menu). Alignment marks will appear at the template positions in the
window. Variations in camera position and angle mean the markers may
not lie exactly over the points in the new image corresponding to the
reference points:

The example shows the template markers and spot tool positions used in
the example in the last section – note that the alignment markers and the
spot analysis tool appear in the same position in the window, not in the
same position on the image.

,'
5 Drag each of the alignment markers so that they lie on the three
reference points in the image:

You may find it a good idea to position the markers roughly in whole
image view before positioning them precisely in a magnified view: see
View Whole in the Image menu (page 145) and Magnify in the
Tools→Image View submenu (page 155). Note that you will need to
pick the PosiTrak® tool again after using the magnifier.

6 Press the PosiTrak® now button in the Toolbar.

or
Choose PosiTrak Now from the Image menu.

or
Double-click in the image to display the PosiTrak Markers dialog box
and press OK (do not press Template as this would reset the template
to the new positions of the alignment markers and the connection with
the original image would be lost).

,,
 9

After you have aligned the new image, any tools placed on it will be
moved on the image to align them with their positions on the original
image:

Note: A realignment to compensate for a change in view point may distort polygon
areas if there is a change in perspective. However, rectangle and circle areas
remain rectangles and circles even when there is a change of perspective, so
these shapes may not cover exactly the same area on the new image as on the
original – see the Rectangle and Ellipse sections (pages 66 and 71
respectively) for more details.

.
To display a Chart window showing the temperature profile along a line drawn on
the image:
1 Select the line if it is not already selected (pick the selector tool from the
Tool Kit and click on the line in the image, or select it in the Tool List
window).

2 Pick the profile tool in the Tool Kit to open a Chart window showing
the temperature profile along the line:

4
4
 The example shows a profile for a polyline, the profile for each segment
is drawn along the same axis separated by the vertical dashed line.

Use the Edit Line dialog box (see the Line section, page 59) to control the way the
data is used to plot the profile and what style is used for drawing the profile. For
example, you can choose to plot the chart as a 3D area chart:

4
 9

See Chart windows in the Windows chapter (page 43) for information about copying
profiles.

2
To display a chart window showing the temperature distribution within a region
drawn on the image:
1 Select the region if it is not already selected (pick the selector tool from
the Tool Kit and click on the boundary of the region in the image, or
select it in the Tool List window).

2 Pick the histogram tool in the Tool Kit to open a chart showing the
temperature distribution within the region:

Use the Edit Region dialog box (see the Rectangle section, page 66) to control the
way the data is used to plot the histogram and what style should be used. For
example, you can decide whether to include values lying beyond the set temperature
range in the lowest and highest bins.

4
You can also choose to plot a pie chart instead of a bar chart:

You may find that reducing the number of bins makes the display of some charts
clearer and easier to understand: see Editing the properties of a rectangle or other
region (page 68).

See Chart windows in the Windows chapter (page 43) for information about copying
histograms.

)1
1-
To copy the data associated with a tool to a file in ASCII form:
1 Select the tool if it is not already selected (pick the selector tool from
the Tool Kit and click on the tool in the image or select it in the Tool
List window).

2 Pick the ASCII save tool in the Tool Kit (or from the
Tools→Create submenu) to display a standard Windows Save As
dialog box so that you can choose a file to save the data in:

4
 9

3 Use the Save in drop-down list box and the files list box below it to
select the drive and folder for saving the data. By default, the dialog box
shows the ascii sub-folder in your ThermaScope® program folder.
4 Enter a name for the file in the File name box.
5 Press Save to save the data in a file using ASCII format in the selected
folder and using the name you have given.

Apart from a label identifying the tool, the form of the data varies according to what
type of tool is selected (all temperatures and distances are given in the currently
selected units – see Units in the Options menu, page 161, for changing the units).
The following paragraphs summarize the data given for each type of tool:

%
No data apart from the label text.

The spot temperature.

<
.
The length of the line and the minimum, maximum and mean temperatures along the
line followed by a list of tab-separated pairs giving the distance and temperature at
each pixel along the line (the separate line segments on polylines are not
distinguished).

4
 <
8 <
. <
2
The area of the region’s bounding box and the minimum, maximum and mean
temperatures within the region followed by a list of the temperatures at each pixel
within the region. The list is given as an array with columns separated by tabs and
each row on a separate line. The array has an entry for each pixel in the bounding
box of the region, but the values for pixels outside the region are blank.

+
The length of the line and the minimum, maximum and mean temperatures followed
by a list of tab-separated pairs giving the distance and temperature at the sampling
points along the line.

1
The range of the isotherm.

)1
1
To copy the data associated with a tool to the Windows clipboard in ASCII form:
1 Select the tool if it is not already selected (pick the selector tool from
the Tool Kit and click on the tool in the image, or select it in the Tool
List window).

2 Pick the ASCII copy tool in the Tool Kit (or from the
Tools→Create submenu) to copy the data to the clipboard.

See the entry for ASCII Save (page 103) for a description of what data is given for
each type of tool.

- *
Techniques for moving and reshaping the label, spot, line, rectangle, ellipse,
polygon and on-screen profile analysis tools using edit dialog boxes are described in
the individual sections for each tool earlier in this chapter. You can achieve the same
effects, and in some cases rather more, using the mouse. As the techniques are
similar for all the tools, they are described here in one place to avoid repetition. The

4
"
 9

instructions use a rectangle analysis tool as an example, but you should have no
difficulty in applying them to other tools.

To move a tool using the mouse:

1 Pick the selector tool from the Tool Kit (or choose Selector from the
Tools→→Select menu). When you put the pointer over an analysis tool
on the image, the pointer changes to show that you can move the tool
(note that the analysis tool does not have to be selected):

The pointer changes when it is on the tool itself, not its text label. For
example, for a label tool, the pointer changes when it is over the label’s
arrow, not its text. If the analysis tool is a region, such as a rectangle,
the pointer only changes when it is on the boundary of the region, not
inside it.
2 Press the mouse button:

Control boxes appear on the analysis tool to show that it is selected (if it
wasn’t already) and the outline is dashed.
3 With the mouse button held down, drag the tool to its new position on
the image:

Note that as a spot tool is located at a single point, you will only see the
pointer move as you drag the tool to its new position.

4
$
 4 Release the mouse button to drop the tool in its new position:

Problems selecting a spot under a differencer

Sometimes it can be difficult to select a spot using the selector tool when a
differencer has been placed between the spot and another tool, as you have to be
careful not to select the spot end of the differencer.

As the differencer will usually have been placed on the image after the spot, it will
normally lie on top of the spot tool (it will not if the differencer was placed between
two other tools before the spot was placed and then transferred to the spot, or if the
ordering of the tools has been changed). As the control box for the differencer is
slightly smaller than the spot’s, it is possible to select the spot by placing the pointer
at the edge of the spot tool before pressing the mouse button. One point to note is
that the pointer will appear as

when it is over the spot, and as

when it is over the differencer.

Alternatively, you can move the differencer behind the spot using Send to Back
from the Edit menu, so that clicking anywhere on the spot selects the spot rather
than the differencer. However, you then won’t be able to select the end of the
differencer, since it will be completely covered by the spot.

4
&
 9

To reshape a label, line, rectangle, ellipse or polygon analysis tool using the mouse:

1 Pick the selector tool from the Tool Kit (or choose Selector from the
Tools→Select menu).

2 Select the tool by clicking on it in the image or in the Tool List window.
Control boxes appear on the analysis tool to show that it is selected.

3 Move the pointer over the control box you want to move to reshape the
tool. The pointer changes to a cross:

4 Press the mouse button. The outline of the tool becomes dashed:

5 Drag the dashed outline so that the tool is the required shape:

4
'
 6 Release the mouse button to drop the newly shaped tool on the image:

7 Repeat steps 3 to 6 to reshape the tool further using other control points.
Note that if you are reshaping a rectangle or ellipse tool, holding 2 16 down as you
reshape the tool constrains it to be the same shape as the original. If you are
reshaping a line or a polygon, it constrains the first line segment to an angle of 0, 30,
45, 60 or 90°.

- ** %
When you first create a tool it is labeled with a default label in a default position
showing the type of tool and the number of the tool. The font used to display the
label when it is first created is set using Tool Font in the Options menu. This
section shows you how to move the label and change the font and the text in the
label from the defaults.

To move a label:
1 Move the pointer over the label – the pointer will change shape:

2 Drag the pointer to the new position:

4
,
 9

3 Drop the label in the new position:

By default the label will be joined to the tool by a connector, but you can choose
whether or not to display this using the Tool Label dialog box – see the following
instructions.

To edit a tool label:

1 Pick the selector tool from the Tool Kit.

2 Double-click on the tool label to display the Tool Label dialog box:

Note: You can also display the Tool Label dialog box by pressing the Label Edit
button in the tool’s Edit Tool dialog box – see the separate entries for each of
the tools earlier in this chapter for information about the individual Edit Tool
dialog boxes.

3 Enter new text for the label in the Text box.

4 Check Show Background if you want the text to be displayed in a
white rectangle; uncheck it if you want the text to appear directly on the
image.
5 Press Font if you want to change the font used to display the text by
displaying the Font dialog box (see Print Title in the File menu, page
127, for how to use this dialog box).

4
 6 If you have moved the label from its default position:
Check or uncheck Show Connector to choose whether to display an
arrow connecting the label to the tool.
or
Press Default Position to return the label to its default position.
7 Press OK to confirm the settings and close the dialog box.

%
To set the temperature calibration for a tool:

1 Pick the selector tool from the Tool Kit.

2 If the tool is not already selected, click on it in the image or select it in

the Tool List window.
3 Double-click on the tool in the image or in the Tool List window, or
choose Edit Tool from the Edit menu to display the Edit Tool dialog
box.
4 Press Temp. Calib. to display the Temperature Calibration dialog
box:

Initially, the dialog box shows the settings for the image as a whole.
5 To override an individual setting, check the corresponding User box to
enable the edit box, then enter the required value.
To return to using the image’s setting, uncheck the User box.
6 Press OK to set the calibration and close the dialog box.
 9

There is a hierarchy of temperature calibration: the calibration of individual tools

overrides the calibration of the image (using Calibrate Temperature in the Image
menu), which, in turn, overrides the calibration given by the image file/camera
defaults.
Note that you can only calibrate the temperature measured by tools on images that
(at least) support emittance and background temperature.
6

Note: When you are using ThermaScope® to out-of-place edit a ThermaScope®

image that has been embedded in another application, the Save command
becomes Update, and the Save As command becomes Save Copy As: these
replacement commands are described after the command they replace. See
Using Other Applications, page 169, for more details about linking and
embedding.

The underlined letters in menu items show you what keys to use instead of the
mouse for choosing the item. For example, to choose New, first press )+ 6 to
display the File menu, and then 5 to choose the New command.

Some commands also have a keyboard shortcut. You can use these to choose the
command without displaying the menu first. Keyboard shortcuts are shown to the
right of the command name. For example, to choose New, all you need to do is press
+ 5.
5
To create a new Image window:

Choose New from the File menu to open an Image window containing a
dummy image:

Before you can use Open Live Source in the Image menu to view a live source in
ThermaScope®, you must have an open Image window. The New command allows
you to create a suitable Image window for opening a live source.

You can also use the dummy image produced by New to link or embed in a
document produced in another application to act as a place holder, so that you can
open a live source in the document or exchange the template image for an IR Image
file when you produce a report including data about the image.

See Exchange in the Image menu (page 143) for exchanging images and Using
Other Applications, page 169, for details of linking and embedding ThermaScope®
images in other applications.

+
When you save an image in ThermaScope®, you also save the position and
definitions of any tools you have used and any changes you have made to the
temperature ranges, palette and so on. You can also save a separate visual image in
the image file – see Open Visual in the File menu. When you open the image, the
tools, settings and visual image are restored.

There are three ways of opening an image in ThermaScope®:

• Choose Open from the File menu.
• Use drag and drop by dragging image files from Windows Explorer into the
ThermaScope® window. An Image window is opened automatically for each of
the files.
• Reopen a file recently opened in ThermaScope® by choosing the name of the file
from the list at the bottom of the File menu.

To open an Image window containing an image using the Open command:

1 Choose Open from the File menu to display the Open dialog box:

This is a standard Windows Open dialog box.

2 Use the Look in drop-down list box and the file list box beneath it to
select the folder containing the image that you want to open.
3 Enter the name of the file into the File name box or select the file from
the file list box above it.
If you want to open more than one image, hold down as you select
each file, or, if you want to select a number of files next to each other in
the list, hold down 2 6 as you select the first and last files in the group.
1

"
 4 Press Open to open a new Image window containing the selected
image(s).

If you are opening an image previously saved in ThermaScope®, any tools and
settings that you have defined will also be loaded and added to the image. If you
have previously saved a visual image with the image (see Open Visual in the File
menu, immediately below), the visual image will be displayed alongside the Image
window in a separate Visual Image window.

+ :
To open a visual image to associate with the image in the active Image window:
1 Choose Open Visual from the File menu to display the Open Visual
Image dialog box:

2 Select the type of visual image you want to open from the List Files of
Type drop-down list box: you can choose Windows bitmap (*.bmp) or
color TIFF (*.tif) format visual images.
3 Use the Look in drop-down list box and the file list box beneath it to
select the folder containing the visual image that you want to open.
4 Enter the name of the file into the File name box or select the file from
the file list box above it.
5 Press Open to open the visual image in a Visual Image window.

When you next save the image in the active image window, the visual image will be
saved in the image file with the infrared image, tools etc. When you next open the

$
image, the visual image will be opened alongside the image in its own Visual Image
window.
Note: Once you have opened a visual image and saved the image, there is no further
connection to the original visual image file. For example, deleting the visual
image file has no effect on the visual image stored in the image file.

You can uncheck Visual Image in the View menu to hide the visual image
temporarily. Choose the command again to redisplay it.

You can use Delete Visual Image in the Image menu to remove the visual image
from the image file permanently (note that this does not delete the original visual
image file).

To close the active Image window:

1 Choose Close from the File menu
or
Click on the close box at the top right-hand corner of the Image
window.
If you haven’t already saved the image in ThermaScope® (.TGW) format, or if you
have made any changes to the tools or other settings since you last saved it, you will
be asked if you want to save the image:

2 Press Yes to save the image and any defined tools and settings in
ThermaScope® format.
If you haven’t previously saved the image in ThermaScope® format,
you will be asked to give it a filename – see Save As in the File menu
(page 119) for details.
Press No to close the Image window without saving the image.

&
 Press Cancel to leave the Image window (and image) open and
unsaved.
Note: You can choose Close All from the Window menu to close all the open
Image Windows.

-
To save the image in the active Image window, together with any associated visual
image, tools and settings:

Choose Save from the File menu.

If the image has not been saved in ThermaScope® format already, this command will
behave as if you had selected Save As.

*
When you are using a separate ThermaScope® window to out-of-place edit a
ThermaScope® image that has been embedded in another application, the Save
command changes to Update.

To update a ThermaScope® image that has been embedded in another application

after it has been edited in ThermaScope®:
Choose Update from the File menu.

- 1
Save Incremental is ungrayed if the image associated with the active window has
been saved in ThermaScope® format and the filename ends with at least one and up
to eight digits, provided they are not all “9”.

To save the image in the active window to a new file with a name given by
incrementing the name of the current file by 1:

Choose Save Incremental from the File menu.

'
For example if the filename associated with the active window is IMAGE19.TGW,
choosing Save Incremental will save the image in a new file with the name
IMAGE20.TGW. You can repeat this process 79 more times until you have saved
the image in a file named IMAGE99.TGW, but the command then becomes grayed.
Note that the image is saved in ThermaScope® file format but with the same file
extension as the original image, which will usually be .TGW.

- )
To use a new filename to save the image in the active Image window together with
any associated visual image, tools and settings:
1 Choose Save As from the File menu to display a standard Windows
Save As dialog box:

2 Use the Save in drop-down list box and the file list box beneath it to
select the folder that you want to save the image in.
3 Enter a name for the file in the File name box.
4 Press Save to save the image in ThermaScope® format in the selected
folder and using the name you have given.

The image will be saved with its visual image if there is one, any tools you have
defined and other settings such as palette and alignment marks.

,
 - )
When you are using a separate ThermaScope® window to out-of-place edit a
ThermaScope® image that has been embedded in another application, the Save As
command becomes Save Copy As.

To save a copy of a ThermaScope® image that has been embedded in another

application:
Choose Save Copy As from the File menu to display a standard
Windows Save As dialog box – see Save As (page 119) for how to use
this dialog box.

- * )
To save the images in all the open Image windows, together with their associated
visual images, tools and settings, and then close the windows:
Choose Save and Close All from the File menu.
Note: The Save As dialog box will be displayed for any images that have not been
saved before.

*-
The Timed Save command is only available if the active window is:
• connected to a GRAM® card,
• contains a live image, and
• is associated with a file (for example, because the Image window was created by
opening a file using Open in the File menu, or the image has been saved using
Save in the File menu), and
• the file’s name ends with at least one digit.

Timed Save captures and saves a sequence of images from a live image in the active
image window. ThermaScope® saves the images in the same folder as the file
associated with the Image window and automatically generates file names for the
images by adding one to the digit at the end of the filename. For example, if the
name of the file associated with the Image window is FURNACE00.TGW, the first

4
file saved will be named FURNACE01.TGW, the second will be
FURNACE02.TGW and so on.

Subject to an overall maximum of 999, the number of images that can be saved in
this way depends on the number of digits in the filename at the start, as
ThermaScope® does not increase the number of characters in the filename. In the
example above, 99 images will be saved (FURNACE01– FURNACE99); if the
initial filename were FURNACE000, 999 will be saved.
Note: If any of the generated names coincides with another filename in the folder,
the other file will be overwritten without warning.

To capture and save the image in the active Image window at timed intervals:
1 Choose Timed Save from the File menu to display the Timed Save
dialog box:

2 Click on Computer or Camera in the Timing box to choose whether to

base timings on the computer’s internal clock or the time signal from
the camera.
3 Click on Manual or Timed in the Start box to choose whether to start
saving images manually or at a specific time.
If you choose Manual, you will start the process of saving images by
pressing a button in the Saving Images dialog box displayed when you
press OK to close the Timed Save dialog box.
 If you choose Timed, enter the time that you want to start capturing
data in the Start Time box (the format to use for specifying the time is
given after these instructions).
Note: The time you set is the actual time, not a delay from the current time.
However, if you are using a signal from a video recorder and have set
Camera timing, the time used will be the time the recording was made, as
displayed in the Image Details window. This means that you can set the start
point for saving images from a recording very precisely.

4 Click on Manual, Timed or Fixed Images in the End box to choose

whether to finish saving images manually, after a specific time or after
capturing a set number of images.
If you choose Manual, you will finish the process of capturing data by
pressing a button in the Saving Images dialog box displayed when you
close the Timed Save dialog box.
If you choose Timed, enter the length of time for which you want to
save images in the Duration box (the format to use for specifying the
time is given after these instructions).
If you choose Fixed Images, enter the number of images that you want
to save in the Count box. The maximum number of images is 999.
5 Click on Fastest in the Capture Rate box if you want images saved at
the maximum rate (one image every second),
or
Click on Timed and enter the time (the format to use for specifying the
time is given after these instructions) between saving images.
Note: The maximum number of images that can be saved in one use of Timed Save
is 999. You will be warned if you try to set a long Timed Duration and a
short Timed Interval that would mean that more than 999 images would be
saved before the Duration has elapsed.
 6 Press OK to display the Saving Images dialog box:

This example shows what the dialog box looks like if you have chosen a
Timed start (and end) to the timed save process: the dialog box shows a
countdown to the start time.
If you have chosen a Manual start, the Start button is ungrayed:

Press Start to start the timed saving process manually.

Whichever version of the dialog box is displayed, if you change your
mind about saving images, press Abort to return to the main
ThermaScope® window without saving any images.
Note: If you have selected a Timed Start using Camera timing, you will be
warned if there is no timing signal from the camera. For example, this will
occur if you are using a video source but have not started the tape playing
yet. Starting the tape will clear the message and begin the countdown.

7 Once the timed saving process has begun, the Saving Images dialog
box changes to show progress and to enable you to stop the saving
process:

This example shows what the dialog box looks like if you have chosen
 Timed or Fixed Images in the End box; if you have chosen Manual,
the Stop Now button is ungrayed:

Press Stop Now to end the saving process and return to the main
ThermaScope® window.
Whichever version of the dialog box is displayed, if you change your
mind about saving images, press Abort to return to the main
ThermaScope® window.
Note: Aborting the save process does not delete any images that have already been
saved. This means that for a Manual end, pressing Abort and Stop Now
have the same effect.

Times in the Timed Save dialog box should be entered using the format H:M:S,
where:

H is the hours. A figure for the hours is optional, but where it is given it
should be an integer from 0 through 23. If you wish,
you can give the figure a leading zero. If the hours
figure is omitted, the following colon should also be
omitted.

M is the minutes. A figure for the minutes is optional unless you give
figures for hours, but where it is given it should be an
integer from 0 through 59. If you wish, you can give the
figure a leading zero. If the minutes figure is omitted,
the following colon should also be omitted.

S is the seconds. A figure must be given for the seconds. The figure can
be a real number with the decimal part giving fractions
of a second. If you wish, you can give the number a
leading zero.
The following examples are all valid time values:
01:01:01.100 1 hour 1 minute and 1.1 seconds
1:1:1.1 1 hour 1 minute and 1.1 seconds
01:01.100 1 minute and 1.1 seconds
1:01.100 1 minute and 1.1 seconds
1.1 1.1 seconds
0.500 0.5 seconds

.
The Print command prints the contents of the active window. If the active window
is an Image window, you can also print the visual image, some text above and below
the image, the image details, a list of tools and their readings, and the contents of
any associated Chart windows – see Print Options in the File menu (page 129) for
details. If the active window is a Chart window or a Visual Image window, only the
selected chart or visual image is printed.
To print the image in an Image window, the visual image in a Visual Image window
or the graph in a Chart window:
1 Click in the window or choose it from the Window menu to make it
active.

2 Choose Print from the File menu.

You can change the title printed with the image using Print Title in the File menu.
You can choose another printer or change the way your printer is set up using Print
Setup in the File menu. Finally, you can see how your printout will appear before
printing it using Print Preview in the File menu.

. .-
To see how an image and associated data, visual image or chart will appear when it
is printed:
Choose Print Preview from the File menu to display the print preview
window.

This window shows the page containing the image and associated data as it will be
printed.

"
The whole page is shown when the preview window is first displayed. If this means
the text size is too small to be displayed clearly, it will be greeked (characters
replaced by a few strokes), so although you will not be able to read the text, you will
be able to see the general layout.
A row of buttons at the top of the window allows you to control the way the window
displays the preview:

• Press Print to print the image and any associated data as it appears in the
preview.
• Press Next Page if the image and its associated data covers more than one page
and you want to see the next page. The button will be grayed if you are viewing
the final page.
• Press Prev Page if the image and its associated data covers more than one page
and you want to go back to an earlier page. The button will be grayed if you are
viewing the first page.
• Press Two Page if the image and its associated data covers more than one page
and you want to view two pages side-by-side at the same time. The button
changes to One Page when you are in two page mode so that you can change
back to viewing one page at a time.
• Press Zoom In for a magnified view of the previewed page. When you move the
pointer over the page in the preview window, it changes to a magnifier, and
clicking on the page has the same effect as pressing Zoom In, unless the page is
already at maximum magnification, when it displays the page at minimum
magnification.
• Press Zoom Out to return to a less magnified view of the previewed page.
• Press Close to close the print preview window and return to the main
ThermaScope® window.

$
.
To select a different printer or change the way your current printer is set up:
Choose Print Setup from the File menu to display a standard Windows
Print Setup dialog box:

This dialog box allows you to select a different printer, change the orientation of the
printing on the paper, and the size and source of the paper used for printing. The
latter two options will depend on the printer you have selected. You can also change
the details of how the printer is set up by pressing Properties. This will display a
dialog box dealing with the specific properties and features of the selected printer:
see your printer’s documentation for details.

.
Choose Default Print Title from the Options menu to set the default print title;
choose Print Title from the File menu to set the print title for an individual image,
visual image or graph – the procedure is identical in both cases.

&
To enter or change the title printed with an image, visual image or chart:
1 Choose Print Title from the File menu to display the Print Title dialog
box:

2 In the Title box, type the text you want to appear above the image when
it is printed.
3 If you want to change the font used to print the title, press Font to
display the Font dialog box:

The Sample box shows the effect of selecting different fonts, styles etc.
4 Select the typeface you want to use from the Font scroll box.
5 Select the style you want to use from the Font style scroll box.
6 Select the type size you want to use from the Size scroll box.
7 Check Strikeout if you want a horizontal line drawn through the text.

'
 8 Check Underline if you want a horizontal line drawn under the text.
9 Select a color for the text from the Color drop-down list box.
10 Select a script from the Script drop-down list box – some fonts are
available in a number of different scripts, such as Western, Greek,
Turkish or Cyrillic.
11 Press OK to return to the Print Title dialog box with the newly selected
font.
12 Press OK in the Print Title dialog box to return to the main
ThermaScope® window with your new print title setting.

. +
Note: The print options only apply when you are printing an image. For example, if
a VisuaI Image or Chart window is active when you choose Print, only the
visual image or chart is printed, no matter what other options you have
selected.

To decide what is printed with an image when it is printed (these options do not
apply if you are only printing a visual image or graph):
1 Choose Print Options from the File menu to display the Print Options
dialog box:

2 Check Text Box 1 to print text above the image. Check Text Box 2 to
print text below the image (below the visual image if you check Visual
Image) – see Edit Text Boxes in the Edit menu (page 136) for entering
text.

,
 3 Check Details to print image details with the image. The details are
printed at the beginning of the second page of the printout. The image
details printed are those shown in the Image Details window.
4 Check Tool List to print a list of all the tools placed on the image. The
listing for each tool shows its label, background temperature and
emissivity settings, together with the measurements made by the tool.
The tools are listed after the image details, if they are printed.
5 Check Graphics to print the contents of any Chart windows associated
with the image when it is printed. The graphics are printed after the tool
list, if it is printed.
6 Check Visual Image if you want to print the visual image as well as the
image on the first page of the printout.
7 Click on a Text Justification radio button to decide how the text in the
text boxes should be aligned on the page if they are printed.
8 Press OK to confirm the settings and close the dialog box.

ThermaScope® lays out the images, text and graphics automatically when it prints.
The text boxes above and below the images can each occupy up to one quarter of the
printing area on the first page. Any text flowing beyond this area is ignored. If the
text occupies less than the maximum allowed, the image (and visual image if it is to
be printed) will be scaled to the largest size fitting in the remaining space.

0
6 *
The bottom of the File menu lists the images you have opened most recently in
ThermaScope®.

To re-open one of these images:

Select the name of the file from the File menu.

8
=
To close ThermaScope®:
Choose Exit from the File menu.
or

4
 Click on the close box at the top right-hand corner of the main
ThermaScope® window.

If there are any images that you have not already saved in ThermaScope® format, or
if you have made any changes to the tools or other settings on an image since you
last saved it, you will be asked if you want to save the image:

Press Yes to save the image and any defined tools and settings in
ThermaScope® format before closing the program. If you have not
previously saved the image in ThermaScope® format, you will be asked
to give a filename – see Save As in the File menu (page 119) for details.
Press No to close the Image window without saving the image before
closing the program.
Press Cancel to abort closing the program and leave the Image window
(and image) open and unsaved.

8
*

*
The Undo command shows what the last action was that can be undone. You can
undo (nearly) all actions that change the data that would be saved to disk, such as
placing an analysis tool on the image, moving an analysis tool or aligning an image.
Not all actions can be undone, however. For example, you cannot undo a save.

To undo the last undoable command:

Choose the Undo command from the Edit menu.

You can use the Undo command repeatedly to undo a sequence of up to 100 actions.

*
The Redo command shows the last undone command. If the last action was not an
undo, the redo button is grayed.

To reverse the effect of the last undo action:

Choose the Redo command from the Edit menu.

You can use redo repeatedly to redo a sequence of (up to 100) undo actions, until
you get back to an action that was not an undo.

The form of the Copy command in the Edit menu depends on whether the active
window is an Image window, Visual Image window or Chart window, and, in the
case of an Image window, whether an analysis tool is selected on an active image or
not.

You can use the Copy command to copy to the Windows clipboard an individual
analysis tool defined on an image, a complete image, a visual image or a chart.
Copying a complete image copies the image together with any analysis tools and
other properties defined for the image.

If an analysis tool is selected in an active Image window, the command will have the
form:
Copy Tool X
where Tool is the name of the analysis tool and X is the number of the particular tool
selected on the image. The information copied depends on the tool:

Label the label

 Spot the label and temperature measured by the spot
Line the label, length and minimum, mean and maximum
temperatures (the segments of a polyline are not
distinguished)
Area the label, area, and minimum, mean and maximum
temperatures
Differencer the label and minimum, mean and maximum
temperatures
Isotherm the label and temperature range
On-screen the label followed by a list of the temperatures at all
Profile points along the line

If an Image window is active but no analysis tool is selected, the command will have
the form:

ThermaScope® has no Paste command, so if you have copied an analysis tool or

image to the clipboard you will not be able to paste it back into ThermaScope®. You
can, however, paste analysis tools and images into documents in another application,
such as a word processor or spreadsheet. If the other application can act as an OLE 2
client, you can also link or embed the analysis tool or image. This means that the
linked or embedded analysis tool can be updated to reflect a new value if, for
example, the tool is on a live image, if you have changed the analysis tool’s position
on the image, or if you have exchanged images (see Exchange in the Image menu,
page 143).
See Using Other Applications, page 169, for more information on object linking and
embedding.

If a Visual Image window is active, the command will have the form:

Copy Visual Image

After copying a visual image window, you can paste it into another application as a
picture or paste a link to the image using the application’s Paste Special command.
If you paste a link to the visual image, you can double-click on the image in the
application document to open ThermaScope® with the visual image and its
associated image open.

If a Chart window is active, the command will have the form:

Copy Profile X

or

Copy Histogram X
When the contents of a Chart window are copied, the data is copied as text and in
graphical form. When you paste it into another application using its Paste Special
command, you can choose whether to paste the Text or Picture. For a profile, the
text gives the label, length and minimum, mean and maximum temperatures,
followed by a list of tab separated pairs giving the distances and temperatures along
the line of the sampling points that give the profile. For a histogram, the text gives
the label, length and minimum, mean and maximum temperatures, followed by a list
of tab separated pairs giving the temperature and percentage occupation of each of
the bins used to draw the histogram.

To copy the selected image, analysis tool, visual image or chart to the Windows
clipboard:

Choose the Copy command from the Edit menu.

Note that although there is no Paste command in ThermaScope®, you can use +:
to paste text into text boxes in dialog boxes. However, pasting an analysis tool or
image copied to the clipboard into a text box has no meaning or use.
There is an alternative for copying an image or analysis tool:
1 Right-click on the image to display the pop-up menu:
 2 Choose Copy Image to copy the image to the clipboard (this command
is only available if no tool is selected).
Choose Copy tool to copy the selected tool to the clipboard.
Choose Copy File Name to copy the image’s file name (or the
window’s name if the image is not connected to a file) to the clipboard.
Choose Copy File Details to copy the image’s details, as shown in the
Image Details window, to the clipboard.
Choose Copy Temp. Units to copy the temperature units used for
measurements taken from the image. Typically you will use this to link-
paste the units into another document alongside a linked tool
measurement so that if you change the units in the image, the units in
the document will change along with the changed number for the
temperature measurement.
Choose Copy Text Box 1 (or Copy Text Box 2) to copy the contents of
the text box used to add comments above (or below) the image when it
is printed.

See The Image Details Window (page 45) for copying image details.

#
If an analysis tool is currently selected, the Delete command appears in the Edit
menu as:

Delete Tool X
where Tool is the name of the analysis tool and X is the number of the particular
analysis tool selected. If no analysis tool is selected, the Delete command is grayed.

To delete the currently selected analysis tool from an image:

Choose the Delete command from the Edit menu.
or
Press #
8.

If you delete a tool that is embedded or linked in another document, the link is
broken and it is frozen at its last value.

"
8
*
If an analysis tool is currently selected, the Edit command appears in the Edit menu
as:

Edit Tool X

where Tool is the name of the tool and X is the number of the particular tool
selected. If no analysis tool is selected, the edit command is grayed.

To edit the currently selected analysis tool on an image:

1 Choose the Edit command from the Edit menu.
or
With the selector tool picked from the Tool Kit, double-click on the
required tool in the Image window or Tool List window.
2 Use the edit tool dialog box displayed to edit the selected tool. The form
of the dialog box depends on the type of tool selected: see the individual
entries in the Tool Kit chapter for instructions.

8
* =;=
To enter or change (Edit Text Boxes is checked in the menu if the text boxes
already contain text) text to be printed above and below the image on the first page
of a printout when the image in the active Image window is printed:
1 Choose Edit Text Boxes from the Edit menu to display the Text Boxes
dialog box:

$
 2 Enter the text to appear above the image in Text Box 1 and the text to
appear below the image in Text Box 2.
Note: When the text is printed, the text will be wrapped to a new line when it
reaches the right-hand margin of the paper. In general, this will not be at the
same points at which it wraps in the Text Boxes dialog box. To start a new
line at a particular point in the text, press +8 5 8.

The amount of text that can be printed in the text boxes on the first page of
the printout is limited by the page size, so use Print Preview in the File
menu to check whether all the text you have entered will be printed.

; 6
When you have several analysis tools close together on an image, their labels may
overlap so that they become difficult to read.
Note: You can also drag the tool labels to new positions on the image.

To bring an analysis tool to the front so that it is unobscured:

1 Pick the Selector tool from the Tool Kit (or choose Selector from the
Tools→→Select submenu).
2 Select the analysis tool you want to bring to the front by clicking on it in
the image or in the Tool List window.
3 Choose Bring to Front from the Edit menu.

* ;/
When you have several analysis tools close together on an image, their labels may
overlap so that they become difficult to read.
Note: You can also drag the tool labels to new positions on the image.

To send a tool to the back so that you can see tools that it is obscuring:
1 Pick the Selector tool from the Tool Kit (or choose Selector from the
Tools→→Select submenu).

&
 2 Select the analysis tool you want to send to the back by clicking on it in
the image or in the Tool List window.
3 Choose Send to Back from the Edit menu.

2*) < )
When you have a large number of analysis tools defined on an image, they may
obscure the image so that it is difficult to see.

To hide all the analysis tools on the current image:

Choose Hide Analysis Tools from the Edit menu.

When an image has its analysis tools hidden, the Hide Analysis Tools command
changes to Show Analysis Tools.

To show all the analysis tools on the current image:

Choose Show Analysis Tools from the Edit menu.

You can also make individual tools invisible: choose the Edit command in the Edit
menu (see page 136) to display the tool’s edit dialog box, and uncheck the Tool
check box in the View box (in the case of an isotherm, uncheck the Visible check
box in the Edit Isotherm dialog box). Show Analysis Tools does not make these
tools visible; to make them visible, you must check Tool in the View section of their
edit dialog boxes.

Note that you can still select and edit or delete analysis tools using the Tool List
even if they are hidden on the image.

Also note that if you embed a tool in another document, you can create a link to the
value in that document even if the tool is hidden (or invisible).

'
1

The Reconnect to Board command changes to Disconnect Board when an image

window is connected to a board.

+ -
To open a live source in the active Image window:
1 Choose Open Live Source from the Image menu to display the Open
Live Source dialog box:

The dialog box shows the GRAM® cards installed in your PC in a

display similar to that of Windows Explorer.

,
 2 If it is not already open, click on the + icon for Gram Card 1 to open it.
3 Click on ThermaScope in Gram Card 1.
4 Press Open to open the live source.

Once you have connected to a GRAM® card, you can define and place new analysis
tools using the placement tools in the Tool Kit in just the same way as you can for
static images, and any analysis tools or settings already defined for the Image
window will remain in place after you have opened the live source.

Note that at any time you can only have one Image window connected to a single
board. If you use Open Live Source to open a source on a board that is already
connected to another Image window, the board will be disconnected from this other
window and connected to the new window – see Reconnect to Board/Disconnect
Board (page 140) for more information on connecting to and disconnecting from
boards.

;*
<# ;*
The command is available and appears as Reconnect to Board if the active Image
window contains an image that has been disconnected from a board; if the window
contains a live source, the command is available and appears as Disconnect Board
X, where X is the board connected to the window. If neither of these cases applies,
the command is grayed.

To disconnect an Image window containing a live image from its board:

Choose Disconnect Board from the Image menu.

When the active Image window is connected to a board the disconnect/reconnect

button in the Toolbar appears depressed: when it is disconnected, it appears
undepressed.
When the Image window is disconnected, the image will be made static.

To reconnect a disconnected Image window to its live source:

Choose Reconnect to Board from the Image menu.

4
The Image window will be reconnected to the source and will show a live image
again. Note that while the board is disconnected, another Image window can be used
to display a live image from the board by choosing Open Live Source from the
Image menu. If you do this and then use Reconnect to Board to reconnect the
original window, the second window will be disconnected from the board before the
first is reconnected.

The effect of disconnecting an Image window from a board and freezing an image
on a board can appear similar, but they are not quite the same – which you choose
will depend on circumstances. Generally, because the GRAM® card is reinitialized
when you use Reconnect to Board, using Freeze/Go Live is faster. On the other
hand, you can only have one frozen or live image per board at any one time. So if
you just wanted to freeze an image temporarily, you would probably use the Freeze
and Go Live commands. If you wanted to take a snapshot of the image in the Image
window and continue viewing the live image in another Image window, you would
have to use Disconnect Board to ‘freeze’ the image in the first window. Later, you
could go back to watching a live image in the first window using Reconnect to
Board, but this would disconnect the second window if it was still connected.

See Freeze/Go Live in the Image menu (page 143) for details of freezing an image.

- *
The current live mode of an Image window connected to a board is shown in the
status bar at the bottom of the Image window.

Choosing Live Mode displays the Image→Live Mode submenu:

5

In Normal mode, ThermaScope® works at full 14-bit precision, but the data is
updated only three times per second, and the display is refreshed only 25 times per
second. Narrow mode and the Average modes (see the following entries) provide a
data and display refresh rate of 50 times per second, but at lower precision.

To set Normal mode (and cancel any averaging):

Choose Normal from the Image→Live Mode submenu.

When Normal mode is selected, Normal is checked in the submenu.

In Narrow mode, ThermaScope® refreshes the data and display 50 times per second,
but works with reduced precision (narrower bandwidth) compared with Normal
mode (see previous command).

To set Narrow mode (and cancel any averaging):

Choose Narrow from the Image→Live Mode submenu.

When Narrow mode is selected, Narrow is checked in the submenu.

)
- =

To smooth out variations in the data and improve the effective resolution:
Choose one of the Average commands according to the amount of
averaging you want to use. For example, if you choose Average × 8, the
pixels in each new display of the image will be made up of 1/8th of the
new value coming from the camera and 7/8ths of the previous value.
This means that with a larger averaging number, the image will change
more slowly than with a smaller averaging number.
In the Average modes, ThermaScope® refreshes the display 50 times per second, but
works with reduced precision (narrower bandwidth) compared with Normal mode.

6 7< -
To freeze the state of live sources:

Choose Freeze from the Image menu.

To make frozen images go live again:

Choose Go Live from the Image menu.

The effect of freezing an image and disconnecting an Image window from a board
can appear similar, but they are not quite the same – which you choose will depend
on circumstances.

Generally, because the GRAM® card is reinitialized when you use Reconnect to
Board, using Freeze/Go Live is faster – the change between frozen and live images
is almost instantaneous for Freeze/Go Live. On the other hand, you can only have
one frozen or live image per board at any one time. So if you just wanted to freeze
an image temporarily, you would probably use the Freeze and Go Live commands.
If you wanted to take a snapshot of the image in the Image window and continue
viewing the live image in another Image window, you would have to use
Disconnect Board to ‘freeze’ the image in the first window. Later, you could go
back to watching a live image in the first window using Reconnect to Board, but
this would disconnect the second window if it was still connected.

See Reconnect to Board/Disconnect Board in the Image menu (page 140) for
details of connecting and disconnecting Image windows to boards.

8
=
To change the image in an Image window without changing the analysis tools and
other settings defined for that window:

Choose Exchange from the Image menu to display the Exchange

Image dialog box:
 This dialog box, apart from the title, is identical to the Open dialog box:
see Open in the File menu (page 114) for details of how to use it.

8
= ! 5 =<
8= ! .-
The Exchange With Next/Exchange With Previous commands are only enabled if
the image in the active Image window has been saved with a name ending with a
number (for example IMAGE23.TGW). When this is the case, you can exchange the
image with another in the same folder, with the same format and with a name
differing only by the number being 1 greater or less than the number in the current
name. This command is particularly useful if you have saved a series of images
using Save Incremental or Timed Save in the File menu, and you want to apply the
same tools to the same position in each image (you may need to use the PosiTrak®
tool to ensure this: see page 89 for more information).

To exchange the image in the active Image window for the next image in the
sequence:

Choose Exchange With Next from the Image menu.

To exchange the image in the active Image window for the previous image in the
sequence:

Choose Exchange With Previous from the Image menu.

If there is no next (previous) image saved in the same folder, a warning dialog box is
displayed and the image shown in the Image window is unchanged.
: !
You can use Magnify in the Tools→Image View submenu to produce a magnified
view of the image in the current Image window. If you do this, you will only be able
to see a part of the image (note that resizing an Image window changes the
magnification of an image or part of an image – it does not allow you to see more or
less of the image).

To change from seeing a magnified view of an image to seeing the whole of an

image:

Choose View Whole from the Image menu.

. /5
To align the alignment markers in the image with the settings in its template:

Choose PosiTrak Now from the Image menu.

See page 89 for more information on aligning images.

% #
You can use Units in the Options menu to choose whether to display analysis
information in terms of real distances between points on the object or the number of
pixels in the image. If you choose to use real distances, Calibrate Distance in the
Image menu is enabled so that you can specify the distance from the camera to the
object and the camera’s field of view, which allows ThermaScope® to calculate the
real distances from distances measured in the image.

"
To calibrate distance measurements within the image:
1 Choose Calibrate Distance from the Image menu to display the
Distance Calibration dialog box:

2 In the Object Distance box, enter the distance between the camera and
the object. Enter the measurement without giving the units, which
should be the default units selected for Windows (the default units are
set using Regional Settings in the Windows control panel – see your
Windows documentation for more information).
3 In the Vertical Angle of View and Horizontal Angle of View boxes,
enter the angles of view (in degrees) of the camera used to create the
image – see your camera’s documentation for details.

Note that using Calibrate Distance overrides any changes to the coordinate system
you have made using the PosiTrak® tool, and resets the alignment markers to their
default positions. Similarly, using the PosiTrak® tool to change the coordinate
system overrides any settings made using Calibrate Distance. See PosiTrak®,
page 89 ,for more information.

%
You can use Units in the Options menu to choose whether ThermaScope® should
display analysis information in terms of the pixel values in the image or a standard
temperature unit. If you choose to use a real temperature scale, Calibrate
Temperature in the Image menu is enabled so that you can override the default
emittance and background temperature values set for the camera.

ThermaScope® uses these values, together with other information, to convert the
pixel values in the image to temperature values.
To change the temperature calibration for an image:
1 Choose Calibrate Temperature from the Image menu to display the

$
 Calibration dialog box (you can also display the dialog box by double-
clicking on the image in the Image window):

2 To use your own settings for the properties listed:

a Leave the corresponding check box checked, to enable the edit box.
b Type a value into the edit box.
3 To use ThermaScope®’s default value for a setting, uncheck the
appropriate check box.

The temperature calibration you set is used to fix the temperature scale and the
temperature read-out given in the Status Bar, and is the default for any analysis tools
you define.
There is a hierarchy of temperature calibration: the calibration of individual tools
(see Edit in the Edit menu, page 136, for details) overrides the calibration of the
image (using Calibrate Temperature in the Image menu), which, in turn, overrides
the calibration given by the image file/camera defaults.

&
To set the relationship between the pixel value (ie temperature) and the color (or
gray scale density) used to represent it:
1 Choose Set Temperature Span from the Image menu to display the
Temperature Span dialog box (you can also display the dialog box by
double-clicking on the temperature scale in the Image window):

2 Click on one of the following radio buttons:

• Full – to select the full span from unsaturated (pixel value = 0) to
fully saturated, with the corresponding Min and Max
temperatures. The spectrum of colors (or gray densities)
representing temperatures in the image is spread between these
maximum and minimum values.
• Optimize – to maximize the contrast in the image. The spectrum of
colors (or gray densities) representing temperatures in the image
will be spread between the minimum and maximum temperatures
actually present in the image, which will be shown in the Min and
Max boxes. The end markers and palette shown in the Selected
Span graphic will also change to reflect the new temperature span:

'
 • Select – to set a new temperature span manually. Type into the
Max and Min boxes the maximum and minimum temperatures that
you want to be represented by the two ends of the palette.
Alternatively, if you place the mouse pointer over the end markers
in the Selected Span graphic, it changes to show that you can drag
the marker:

Drag the marker to the required positions – the Max and Min box
values will change as you drag the markers.
If you want to keep a constant difference between the maximum
and minimum temperatures but move them up or down the
temperature scale, place the pointer between the end markers. The
pointer changes to show that you can move the range up or down
the scale:

Drag the range to the required position in the scale.

• For images from cameras that allow you to set a span on the
camera, you can click on Camera to make the temperature span
match the span set on the camera.
3 ThermaScope® uses detailed calibration tables to establish the
relationship between pixel value and temperature. Click Linearize if

,
 you want a simple linear relationship between pixel values and
temperatures instead. The effect of using linearization will be most
noticeable on images with a wide temperature span (100° say); the
effect on images with a narrow temperature span (5–10° say) may not
be noticeable.

See Units in the Options menu (page 161) for choosing the units used for
temperatures.
Note: If you have a camera that allows you to change the level or temperature span,
and you change either of these while you are viewing a live image with the
Optimize option set, any temperature measurements you make will be
invalid. To avoid this, you must either reset the optimization using the
Temperature Span dialog box or work without optimization.

If you can set the scale on your camera, there may be situations in which you want
to set the temperature range outside the camera’s scale values. For example, if the
default range of the camera is 30°C – 40°C, you may want to set the temperature
span to be 20°C – 60°C. In this case the displayed image will be independent of the
camera settings. This can be useful if a camera is used to monitor an object heating
up through the 20°C – 60°C range with the camera set to a 10°C span and the
operator changes the center temperature to track the temperature as the object heats
up. Setting the temperature span to 20°C – 60°C in ThermaScope® ensures the
image is within range for the whole heating up process.

# : 1
To permanently remove the visual image associated with the active Image window
(use Visual Image in the View menu to hide the image temporarily):
Choose Delete Visual Image from the Image menu.
Note: Deleting the visual image from the image has no effect on the original visual
image file.

"4
When you open a new image it is displayed with the default palette set using
Default Color Palette in the Options menu. However, you can change the palette
used for each Image window individually.

To select an alternative palette to use with the current image either:

Select a palette from the Palette drop-down list box in the Toolbar:

or

1 Select Select from the Palette menu to display the Select Palette dialog
box:

(You can also display this dialog box by double-clicking on the color
palette in the Image window.)
2 Select a palette to use from the Palette scroll box.
You can choose:
Monochrome (gray scale)
10 Color Rainbow
20 Color Rainbow
Graded Rainbow
Modified Graded Rainbow
Ironbow
GLObow

"
 10 Color Contour
Medical
Saturation
Subtract
Your own user defined palette(s)

(See Appendix B: User Defined Palettes, page 183, for details of defining your own
palette.)
Note: The display of colors is optimized for the palette used for the active window.
Because of the limited number of colors available to Windows, if another
window uses a different palette, the inactive window may not be displayed
optimally (the color range is decreased) while it is inactive. When you make
the window active, however, it will be redrawn with its full color range.
When an image is printed on a color printer, it is always printed with the full
range of colors available to that palette (up to 256).

To display the current image using a gray scale:

Choose Monochrome from the Palette menu.

To display the current image using the default color palette:

Choose Color from the Palette menu.

Note: This command is not the inverse of Monochrome, since it displays the image
using the current default color palette, which is not necessarily the palette that
was used before Monochrome was used. Indeed, if the current default color
palette is monochrome, the Color and Monochrome commands will have
the same effect.

"
1-
To reverse the spectrum of colors in the palette:

Choose Invert from the Palette menu.

%
To choose whether to display the Toolbar below the menu bar at the top of the
window:
Choose Toolbar from the View menu: the command is checked when
the Toolbar is displayed.

;
To choose whether to display the Status Bar at the bottom of the window:
Choose Status Bar from the View menu: the command is checked
when the Status Bar is displayed.

1 #
To choose whether to display the Image Details window:
Choose Image Details from the View menu: the command is checked
when the window is displayed. You can also hide the Image Details
window by clicking on the close box at its top right-hand corner.

"
 9
To choose whether to display the Tool Kit toolbar:
Choose Tool Kit from the View menu: the command is checked when
the Tool Kit toolbar is displayed. You can also hide the Tool Kit toolbar
when it is floating by clicking on the close box at its top right-hand
corner.

To choose whether to display the Tool List window:

Choose Tool List from the View menu: the command is checked when
the Tool List is displayed. You can also hide the Tool List window by
clicking on the close box at its top right-hand corner.

: 1
To choose whether to hide or display the visual image associated with the active
Image window:
Choose Visual Image from the View menu: the command is checked
when the visual image is displayed. You can also hide the visual image
by clicking on the close box at its top right-hand corner.

2*)< )
To choose whether to show or hide all the information windows (Tool List and
Image Details windows) and the Tool Kit:
Choose Hide All or Show All from the View menu.

) )
To tidy up the arrangement of the information windows (Tool List, and Image
Details) and the Tool Kit:
Choose Arrange All from the View menu.

The information windows and the Tool Kit will be arranged at the top right-hand
side of the main window. This command can be particularly useful if you reduce the

"
resolution of the screen, since this can cause the windows and/or Tool Kit to
disappear, because their position is no longer within the screen area. Selecting
Arrange All brings them back into the screen area.

1 :

Use the magnifier tool to produce a magnified view of the image in an Image
window: see page 88 for more information on using the magnifier tool.

To select the magnifier tool:

Choose Magnify from the Tools→Image View submenu.

. /

Use the PosiTrak® tool to align a set of images with each other or to impose your
own system of coordinates so that you can take true distance measurements from the
image: see page 89 for more information on using the PosiTrak® tool.

To select the PosiTrak® tool:

Choose PosiTrak from the Tools→Image View submenu.

""
Use the Select submenu to select placement tools enabling you to place analysis
tools on an image.

Use the selector tool to:

• select individual analysis tools in the active image by clicking on them
• display the appropriate edit dialog box for an analysis tool by double-clicking on
it in the active image or in the Tool List window
• adjust the shape or position of an analysis tool placed on the active image.

To select the selector tool:

Choose Selector from the Tools→Select submenu.

See page 56 for more information on using the selector tool.

Use the label placement tool to place a label on the image: see page 57 for more
information on using the label placement tool.

To select the label placement tool:

Choose Label from the Tools→Select submenu.

"$
Use the line placement tool to draw a line or polyline (a series of lines connected
end to end) on the image: see page 59 for more information on using the line
placement tool.

Once you have drawn a line on the image, you can use the profile tool to display a
graph showing the variation of temperature along the line: see page 100 for more
information on using the profile tool. You can also use a line without a profile as a
ruler.

To select the line placement tool:

Choose Line from the Tools→Select submenu.

Use the spot placement tool to place a spot temperature analysis tool on the image:
see page 64 for more information on using the spot placement tool.

To select the spot placement tool:

Choose Spot from the Tools→Select submenu.

Use the rectangle placement tool to draw a rectangle on the image: see page 66 for
more information on using the rectangle placement tool.

You can display a read-out of the minimum, maximum and/or mean temperatures
within the rectangle, and use the histogram tool to display a Chart window showing
the distribution of temperatures within the rectangle: see page 102 for more
information on using the histogram tool.

To select the rectangle placement tool:

Choose Rectangle from the Tools→Select submenu.

"&
8

Use the ellipse placement tool to draw an ellipse on the image: see page 71 for more
information on using the ellipse placement tool.

You can display a read-out of the minimum, maximum and/or mean temperatures
within the ellipse, and use the histogram tool to display a Chart window showing the
distribution of temperatures within the ellipse: see page 102 for more information on
using the histogram tool.

To select the ellipse placement tool:

Choose Ellipse from the Tools→Select submenu.

Use the polygon placement tool to draw a polygon on the image: see page 73 for
more information on using the polygon placement tool.

You can display a read-out of the minimum, maximum and/or mean temperatures
within the polygon, and use the histogram tool to display a Chart window showing
the distribution of temperatures within the polygon: see page 102 for more
information on using the histogram tool.
To select the polygon placement tool:

Choose Polygon from the Tools→Select submenu.

Use the differencer placement tool to identify two tools (spot, line or region) in order
to display the difference in temperature between them: see page 75 for more
information on using the differencer placement tool.

With regions, you can display a read-out of the differences between the minimum,
maximum and/or mean temperatures.

To select the differencer placement tool:

Choose Differencer from the Tools→Select submenu.

"'
1

Use the isotherm placement tool to color all parts of the image within a specified
temperature band with a specified color: see page 79 for more information on using
the isotherm tool.

To select the isotherm placement tool:

Choose Isotherm from the Tools→Select submenu.

+ .

Use the on-screen profile placement tool to superimpose on the image a profile of
the temperature distribution along a line (see the profile tool, below, for displaying a
temperature profile in a separate chart window): see page 83 for more information
on using the on-screen profile placement tool.

To select the on-screen profile placement tool:

Choose On-Screen Profile from the Tools→Select submenu.

Use the Create submenu to apply tools to spots, lines or regions already placed on
an image.

Use the profile tool to display a Chart window showing the temperature profile
along a selected line (or polyline): see page 100 for more information on using the
profile tool.

",
To select the profile tool:

Choose Profile from the Tools→Create submenu.

Use the histogram tool to display a Chart window showing the distribution of
temperatures within a selected area: see page 102 for more information on using the
histogram tool.
To select the histogram tool:

Choose Histogram from the Tools→Create submenu.

)1
1

Use the ASCII copy tool to copy the data associated with a tool to the clipboard as
ASCII text: see page 105 for more information on using the ASCII copy tool.

To select the ASCII copy tool:

Choose ASCII Copy from the Tools→Create submenu.

)1
1-

Use the ASCII save tool to save the data associated with a tool to a file as ASCII
text: see page 103 for more information on using the ASCII save tool.

To select the ASCII save tool:

Choose ASCII Save from the Tools→Create submenu.

*
The contents of the Modules menu depends on which modules are installed. See the
Plot and PosiTrak® Pack sections of this manual.

$4
+

# .
To select the default color palette:
1 Choose Default Color Palette from the Options menu to display the
Select Palette dialog box:

2 Select the required default palette from the Palette scroll box (see
Select in the Palette menu, page 151, for a list of available palettes).

The default color palette is used to display new Image windows and to display
images when Color in the Palette menu is used. See Select in the Palette menu
(page 151) for selecting a palette to use with an individual Image window.

To choose the units used for measuring distance and temperature (note that you can

$
only do this when no images are open):
1 Choose Units from the Options menu to display the Units dialog box:

2 Click on System for distances to be given in terms of the actual distance

on the object in the default Windows unit (Meters in the example dialog
box above) – see your Windows documentation for setting the default
unit using the Windows Control Panel, and Calibrate Distance in the
Image menu (page 145) and PosiTrak® (page 89) for how to ensure
that the relationship between distances in the image and the real
distances are correct.
Click on Pixel for distances to be given in terms of the number of pixels
in the image. If you use Pixels as your unit of distance, Calibrate
Distance in the Image menu and the PosiTrak® tool are grayed.
3 Click on Instrument for temperatures to be given in terms of raw
instrument readings (that is, without any temperature calibration).
Click on Celsius, Kelvin or Fahrenheit for temperatures to be given in
terms of these temperature units (that is, using appropriate temperature
calibration and conversions).
Click on Luminance for temperatures to be given in terms of the pixel
value in the image.

# .
To set the default print title to be used when printing images or graphs:
Choose Default Print Title from the Options menu to display the Print
Title dialog box – see Print Title in the File menu (page 127) for how
to use this dialog box.

$
 6
To set the default font used for the temperature scale in new Image windows:
Choose Scale Font from the Options menu to display the Font dialog
box – see Print Title in the File menu (page 127) for how to use this
dialog box.

6
To set the default font used for new tool labels:
Choose Tool Font from the Options menu to display the Font dialog
box – see Print Title in the File menu (page 127) for how to use this
dialog box.

You can change the font for individual tools using the Tool Label dialog box, which
you display from the tool’s edit dialog box – see page 110 for details.

=;/ *
To set whether labels should or should not have a background by default when you
place new analysis tools onto an image:
Choose Show Text Background from the Options menu. The
command is checked in the menu when it is set so that labels have a
background.

You can change whether an individual tool’s label has a background using the Tool
Label dialog box, which you display from the tool’s edit dialog box – see page 110
for details.

1 *8
= 2
To set the default for whether data equal to or below (above) the lowest (highest)
temperature in the set temperature range should be included or excluded in the
lowest (highest) bin of a histogram:
Choose Include Extremes in Histograms from the Options menu. The
command is checked in the menu when it is set so that the extremal data
is included.

$
The menu setting is used when a region is first created; you can override the setting
for an individual histogram using the Edit Region dialog box – see page 68 for
details.

)
The Edit Region dialog box (see page 68) allows you to choose whether to display
markers over the hottest and coolest spots in the region.
To display auto-spots by default when you define a new region:
Choose Auto-spots from the Options menu.

* 1
To upgrade the ThermaScope® license on your PC to read images from a new
camera or to increase the ThermaScope® functionality if you have purchased an
upgrade for an existing camera:
1 Choose Update License Information from the Options menu to
display the Update Licensing Information dialog box:

2 Enter the license string into the License box and press Update.
Note: When you save an image in ThermaScope®, a copy of the license is saved
with the file. This means that another user does not need to install a license
for the camera that produced the image in order to load and work with the
image in another version of ThermaScope®.

Camera configuration files contain calibration information enabling ThermaScope®

to convert the raw luminance values transmitted from the camera to real
temperatures. Temperature read-outs will not be available for a live image unless the

$
configuration file for that image is installed on your PC. Each camera has its own
individual configuration file, which ThermaScope® loads when you connect to a
board.

To install a camera configuration file:

1 Put the floppy disk holding the configuration file into the floppy disk
drive on your PC.
2 Choose Camera Configuration from the Options menu to display the
Load TTX Config File dialog box, which is a standard Windows Open
dialog box:

The supplied configuration file is named thermascope.ini, so this is set

as the default filename in the dialog box.
3 Select the floppy drive holding the disk from the Look in drop-down
list box.
4 Press Open.

The configuration file will now be loaded, decoded and stored under a new name on
your PC’s hard disk, ready for use when you want to display a live image from that
camera.

$"
!*

*
To resize and arrange the open (non-minimized) document windows so that they are
overlapping with their title bars visible:
Choose Cascade from the Window menu.

*
To resize the open (non-minimized) document windows so that they are non-
overlapping and arranged side-by-side:
Choose Tile Left and Right from the Window menu.

)
%- *;
To resize the open (non-minimized) document windows so that they are non-
overlapping and arranged one above the other:
Choose Tile Above and Below from the Window menu.

) 1
To tidy up the icons representing minimized document windows:
Choose Arrange Icons from the Window menu.

)
To close all open document (Image, Visual Image and Chart) windows:
Choose Close All from the Window menu.

$$
If any of the Image windows have unsaved changes you will be asked if you want to
save them. If the image has not been saved previously, the Save As dialog box will
be opened so that you can give a filename to save the image – see Save As in the
File menu (page 119 for details.

0
!*
The document (Image, Visual Image and Chart) windows open in ThermaScope®
are listed at the bottom of the Window menu with a check against the active
window.

To change the active window in ThermaScope®:

Select the name of the image for the list at the bottom of the Window
menu.
or
Click in the window.

1*=
To display a table of contents for the on-line help system:
Choose Index from the Help menu.

2
To display information giving help on using the on-line help system:
Choose Using Help from the Help menu.

$&
 0
)
%
To display system information and information about this version of ThermaScope®:
Choose About ThermaScope® from the Help menu.

$'
 + )

ThermaScope® fully supports Microsoft’s OLE 2 standard for linking and

embedding objects created by the program into other applications. This facility is
extremely powerful and can greatly simplify and speed up the production of reports.

Technically speaking, ThermaScope® is an OLE 2 server application, which can

‘serve’ objects to OLE 2 client applications such as word processors or spreadsheets.
In the rest of this chapter, the client application is assumed to be a word processor,
but the description applies equally to any other OLE 2 client application such as a
spreadsheet, database or DTP program.

For example, suppose you have to produce a standard monitoring report every week.
The format of the report and the thermal measurements it contains are the same each
week, so all that changes is the data itself. In the first week you create the report in a
suitable word processor and paste in the image including any tools placed on it. You
can paste individual tools into the text or into tables etc, and add profile charts and
histograms. Once you have created the report, you can print it out and save it.

When you come to fill out the report the next week, all you have to do is open the
report and double-click on the image to enable you to use ThermaScope®. You can
then exchange the image for the updated image, and the data will be updated for
your new report. If you have a camera connected to a GRAM® card in your PC, you
can even open a live source in the document and freeze the precise image you want
to capture in the report.
The rest of this chapter begins by explaining the differences between linking and
embedding and then shows you how to use them.

/ * %*
*
When you paste an image into a word processor document, you have a choice of
embedding the image, pasting the image with a link to the file containing the image
or just pasting a picture of the image (for the rest of this chapter, ‘paste’ is used to
mean ordinary pasting without linking or embedding). The appearance of the image
within the document may look the same, but the results of these operations are very
different.

$,
 + )

When you paste an image as a picture, you lose all connection with ThermaScope®.
In particular, since all you are pasting is a picture of the image, you lose all the
special information that ThermaScope® stores about what tools are placed on the
image and where, what palette is used, and so on. You can change the appearance of
the picture, but you can’t add tools to take other measurements, change the palette,
exchange the image or perform any of the other ThermaScope® operations. Pasting a
picture may be appropriate if you are doing a one-off report that you know will not
need updating, or if the application you are pasting to does not support OLE 2.
When you paste the image as a picture, the picture is stored as part of the document
you are pasting into and there is no connection back to the original ThermaScope®
image.

/ * %*
*
When you link or embed an image, all the special ThermaScope® information is
retained so that you can continue to use ThermaScope® to manipulate the image.
The principal difference between an embedded image and a linked image is where
the ThermaScope® information is stored. For an embedded image, all the
information is stored within the word processor file and has no separate existence of
its own. The information for a linked image is saved in its own separate
ThermaScope® (.TGW) file, and only a picture of the image and a link giving the
location of the .TGW file is stored within the word processor file.

As an embedded image has no separate existence, the only way of viewing and
editing it is through the word processor, but a linked image can be viewed and edited
by opening the linked file directly in ThermaScope®. You can save an embedded
object in a separate file from the client application, but it is then only a copy of the
original, not the same object, so changing this saved file directly in ThermaScope®
has no effect on the original embedded object.

Another major difference in the way you can use linked and embedded images is
that embedded images can be edited ‘in place’ within the client application, but
linked objects have to be edited in a separate ThermaScope® window. When you
double-click on a linked object in a word processor document, ThermaScope® is
loaded and the image for the linked object is opened as an Image window within
ThermaScope®, but if you double-click on an embedded object, the menus of the
word processor itself change to the ThermaScope® menus, and you can use these to
edit the image in place, within the word processor document.

&4
The following table summarizes the main differences between pasting, linking and
embedding.

Updated when Information stored Editing

image changes
Pasted No In application document Application’s textual
and graphical editing
facilities only
Linked Yes Copy of picture and text Image editing in
in application document; separate ThermaScope®
ThermaScope® window
information in separate
.TGW file
Embedded Yes In application document Image editing in place
within the application
or in separate
ThermaScope® window

. */ %
>
Images are the only ThermaScope® objects that you can embed in another
application. However, you can paste or link many other types of objects, such as
charts, visual images, tools and image details, as well as images.
If you right-click in the Image Details window, a pop-up menu allows you to copy
the selected detail or all the details. You can then paste or link the detail(s) into a
document in another application.

When you paste or link a tool, the tool label is displayed together with the data it
measures. The data presented depends on the type of tool:
Label no data
Spot the temperature
Line the length and the maximum, minimum and mean
temperatures
Region the area and the maximum, minimum and mean
temperatures
Isotherm the temperature range
Differencer the maximum, minimum and mean temperatures

&
 + )

On-screen the length and the maximum, minimum and mean

Profile temperatures, followed by the temperature at points
along the profile.

For tools and image details, you can choose whether to paste or link unformatted
text or a picture. If you paste unformatted text, you can edit and format the text in
the word processor. However, you should note that if the text is linked, updating the
link may undo your editing. If you choose to paste the tool as a picture, you paste a
picture of the text. You cannot edit this text directly in the word processor in the
same way as you can edit normal text, but you may be able to edit it using the word
processor’s graphics facilities. Again, changes you make may be undone if you
update the link.

For charts, you have the choice of pasting or linking the graphical form of the chart
or the data from which the chart is generated. For example, you might want to paste
or link the data from a chart into a spreadsheet to process the data further, or to use
the spreadsheet’s charting facilities to format the chart to suit your own specialized
requirements.

For visual images you have the choice of pasting or linking the picture.

8%*
*
There are several ways to embed an image in another application:
• dragging from Windows Explorer
• dragging from ThermaScope®
• using copy and paste
• using the application’s Insert Object command.

# !* 8
=
To embed the image contained in a file into a document in another application
(provided the application supports OLE 2 ‘drag and drop’):
1 Open the document in the other application so that the point at which
you want to embed the image is displayed and the application’s window
occupies about half the Windows desktop.

&
 2 Open Windows Explorer, showing the folder containing the image you
want to embed, so that the file is in view and Explorer occupies the
other half of the Windows desktop.
3 Place the pointer over the image file in Windows Explorer, press the
mouse button and drag the file into the application.
4 Drop the image in the required position.

Note that once the image has been embedded, there will no longer be any connection
between the embedded image and the image file.

0
#
To embed an image open in ThermaScope® into a document in another application
(provided the application supports OLE 2 ‘drag and drop’):
1 Open the document in the other application so that the point at which
you want to embed the image is displayed, and the application’s
window occupies about half of the Windows desktop.
2 Open ThermaScope® and an Image window containing the image that
you want to embed, so that the image is in view and ThermaScope®
occupies the other half of the Windows desktop.
3 If the image you want to embed is a live image, choose Disconnect
Board in the Image menu to disconnect it – you will be able to open a
live source again once you have embedded the image.

&
 + )

4 Place the pointer over the image, avoiding any tool, and press the mouse
button. The pointer changes shape to show that you have picked up the
image for dragging:

This pointer shape means that you are dragging an image but you can’t
drop it here.
5 Keep the mouse button pressed, and drag out of ThermaScope® (you
don’t actually see the image being dragged – all you see is the pointer)
into the other application.
When the pointer is over a position where you can drop the image, it
changes:

6 Drop the image in the required position in the document.

* %*
To embed an image copied from ThermaScope® into a document in another
application:
1 Open ThermaScope® and an Image window containing the image that
you want to embed.
2 Click in the Image window to make it active, but do not select any tools
by clicking them.

&
3 If the image you want to embed is a live image, choose Disconnect
Board in the Image menu to disconnect it – you will be able to open a
live source again once you have embedded the image.
4 Either
Right-click in the image to pop up a menu:

and choose Copy Image,

or
Choose Copy Image from the Edit menu.
5 Open the document in the other application and place the cursor at the
point at which you want to embed the image.
6 Choose Paste Special from the application’s Edit menu to display the
Paste Special dialog box:

7 Click on Paste (Paste Link links rather than embeds the image) and
select ThermaScope® Image Object to embed the image with all the

&"
 + )

image information (rather than, for example, just a picture of the

image).
8 Check Display as Icon if you want the embedded image displayed as a
ThermaScope® icon rather than as the image itself (it is unlikely that
you would want to do this).
9 Press OK to embed the image in the document.

?1 +
%> *
Applications that support OLE 2 often have an ‘Insert Object’ command (for
example Microsoft’s Word 2000 has an Object command in its Insert menu). The
precise behavior of this command depends on the application, so you should consult
the application’s documentation for details. However, as an example, choosing
Object from the Insert menu in Word 2000 displays a tabbed dialog box allowing
you to choose to embed an object from a file or create a new object to embed.

If you want to embed an object from an existing image file, select the Create from
File tab, select the image file using the file browser in the dialog box and press OK.
The selected image will appear embedded at the insertion point in the document.
Note that once the image has been embedded, there will no longer be any connection
between the embedded image and the image file.

If you choose to create a new embedded ThermaScope® object, select the Create
New tab and select ThermaScope® Image from the scroll box and press OK. A new
image (the image you get by selecting New in the ThermaScope® File menu) will
appear embedded at the insertion point in the document.

8
* %*
**
You can either edit the embedded image in place or in a separate ThermaScope®
window.

To edit an embedded image in place (provided the application supports in-place

editing):
Double-click on the image.
or
Choose Edit from the Edit→Image Object submenu.

&$
 or
Right-click in the image and choose Edit Image from the pop-up menu.

When you do any of these, the application’s menus will change and display the
ThermaScope® menus (apart from the File menu, which remains unchanged). The
Tool Kit, Tool List and Image Details windows may also be displayed, depending
on whether they were shown previously. However, you will not be able to see the
Toolbar or the main ThermaScope® or Image window status bars. One further
restriction is that you will not be able to create histograms or profiles in separate
windows, though you can create an on-screen profile.
A further difference from using ThermaScope® directly is if you want to resize the
image. To do this, click outside the image to return to the application’s normal
menus, click on the image to select it, and resize it by dragging the control boxes at
its corners.

Apart from these differences, you will be able to operate on the image in just the
same way as you would in ThermaScope®. In particular, you can use Open Live
Source in the Image menu to display a live image, use Exchange Image in the
Image menu to display a new image, add new tools or edit existing ones.

When you have finished editing the image, you can return to editing the application
document by clicking in the document outside the image. The application’s menus
will be restored and you can carry on editing the document.

/ %*
**
Provided the document has been saved, you can copy data from an embedded image
and paste it into the body of the document with a link back to the embedded image.

When you are editing an embedded image in place, you can copy a tool using Copy
tool in the Edit menu, click outside the image to restore the application’s menus and
use Paste Special to paste the tool data with a link to the embedded image. If you
edit the image again and the tool’s data changes, the value shown by the linked field
in the document will be updated.

The ability to link to an embedded object is extremely useful for creating a template
report. If you have an embedded image and data in the body linked to the image, all
you have to do to update the report is open the report, double-click in the image to
edit it and exchange the image for the new image. When you click outside the image

&&
 + )

the linked data will be updated and all you need to do is print the report and save it
with a new name if you want to keep a copy on disk.

Note that in testing it has been found that some client applications do not implement
links to embedded objects reliably, and in these, links may be broken and data
cannot be updated.

. */ %
>
To paste or link an object into another application:
1 Open ThermaScope® and an Image window containing the image with
an object that you want to paste or link in another application.
2 If you are going to link rather than paste, you must first save the image
to a ThermaScope® (.TGW) file using Save or Save As in the File
menu. The link is made to the saved file, so if you make any further
changes to the image without saving them, opening or updating the link
on a later occasion will restore the data from the saved image and the
further changes will be lost.
3 If you want to copy the chart in a Chart window, click in the Chart
window, otherwise, click in the Image window containing the object
you want to copy.
4 If you want to copy an image which is currently connected to the
GRAM®card, choose Disconnect Board in the Image menu first to
disconnect it, but bear in mind the remarks in step 2 about linking and
saved images.
To copy a chart:
Choose Copy Profile or Copy Histogram from the Edit menu.
To copy a tool:
Select the tool by clicking on it in the image or the Tool List
window, and choose Copy tool from the Edit menu,
or
Select the tool and right-click in the image to pop up a menu:

&'
 and choose Copy tool; choose the other commands if you just
want to copy the file name, file details (these are the same as the
image details) or the temperature units.
To copy image details:
Select the detail you want to copy in the Image Details window,
and right-click to pop up a menu:

Choose Copy Detail to copy the selected detail or Copy All

Details to copy all the details.
To copy the image, first make sure you haven’t selected a tool, then
Choose Copy Image from the Edit menu.
or
Click in the image to deselect any tools and right-click in the
image to pop up a menu:

and choose Copy Image; choose the other commands if you just
want to copy the file name or file details.

&,
 + )

5 Open the document in the other application and place the cursor at the
point at which you want to embed the image.
6 Choose Paste Special from the application’s Edit menu to display the
Paste Special dialog box:

The example shows what the dialog box looks like if you have selected
any object other than an image; the example given earlier for
embedding shows what it looks like for an image.
7 Click on Paste Link to link the object; click on Paste to paste the object
without any connection with the ThermaScope® object.
8 Unless you are linking an image, choose Unformatted Text to paste or
link the object as text that you can edit in the word processor; choose
Picture to paste or link the object as a graphic object. You will probably
only want to use Picture for a chart, though you may also want to use
Unformatted Text for a chart if you want to display a table or process
the raw data further in the application.
For an image, you can select either ThermaScope Image or Picture,
since they are equivalent when linking an image.
9 Press OK to link or paste the object in the document.

8
* * * /*
When you paste an object as unformatted text or as a picture, there is no longer any
connection between the object and the original ThermaScope® object. You can edit

'4
unformatted text in a word processor or a picture in a graphics program, but you
cannot use ThermaScope® to edit the object.

When you create a linked object, the connection to the original ThermaScope®
object is retained and you can continue to use ThermaScope® to edit the object. As
the link is to a saved image file, you can start up ThermaScope® independently and
edit the image in the normal way. When you open the application’s document, the
link may be updated automatically or you may have to choose a command to update
the link by hand: see the application’s documentation for how it handles updating
links.

Alternatively, you can launch ThermaScope® from within the application.

To edit a linked ThermaScope® object in another application:

Choose Open from the Edit→Linked Image Object submenu
(choosing Edit from the submenu has the same effect). If you want to
edit a linked image, double-clicking on the image also has the same
effect.

ThermaScope® will open (if it isn’t already) with the linked image loaded in an
Image window (you will have to open any Chart windows yourself). You can edit
the image in just the same way as if you had loaded it directly in ThermaScope®, but
the data in the other application will update as you edit the image (provided it is set
to update automatically). Don’t forget to save the image using Save in
ThermaScope®’s File menu, unless you want future updates to revert the data in the
document to the saved image file.

'
) *=)
@2

) *=)
@2

When I enter subtraction mode, the subtracted image appears briefly but then
immediately saturates.

This occurs if the temperature scale has been set to Select or Optimize range before
entering subtraction mode. To overcome this problem, choose Set Temperature
Span from the Image menu or double-click on the temperature scale and set Full
span before entering subtraction mode; set Optimize after choosing live subtraction.

Temperature values on the on-screen profile appear faint.

Set a larger default tool font by choosing Tool Font from the Options menu.

The text around a spot is rather cluttered.

Display the edit dialog box for the tool by choosing Edit from the Edit menu or by
double-clicking on the tool in the Image window or Tool List. You may be able to
produce a clearer display by turning off all items except the temperature, moving a
label, adjusting the label font to a better size or color and turning off the label
background. If the spot is obscured by another tool, choose Bring to Front from the
Edit menu.

I want to include a histogram chart in my word processing (spreadsheet, database

etc) document.
Make the Chart window containing the histogram active by clicking in it. Choose
Copy Histogram X from the Edit menu. Run the word-processing (spreadsheet etc)
application and open the required document. Place the cursor at the point you want
to insert the histogram and choose Paste Special from the application’s Edit menu.
Select Picture to insert the chart graphic; select Text to insert the data for the graph.

'
) *=;
@ # *.

ThermaScope® is supplied with a number of predefined palettes for displaying the

temperatures in an image in different colors. In addition to these, you can define
your own palettes to suit your own individual requirements. To create a new palette,
you need to add its definition to the file USERPALS.DEF, which you will find in
the ThermaScope® folder.

This file is a text file and can be opened for editing in a text editor such as Windows
Notepad. (You can also open it in a word processor, but if you do, you must be sure
to save it as an ASCII text file when you have finished editing it, rather than in the
format used by the word processor.) When you first install ThermaScope®,
USERPALS.DEF has the following contents:
Thermoteknix Palette Definitions
1
Subtract
7
0 0 0 255 1
43 0 128 128 1
85 0 128 0 1
128 0 0 0 1
171 255 0 0 1
213 255 255 0 1
255 255 255 255 1

This shows that the file already contains the definition of one palette: the Subtract
palette, which is designed for use in Subtract mode. You should add your own
definitions after the Subtract definition, using it as a model for your own.

The first line of the file just identifies what it contains. You should leave this
unchanged.

The second line shows how many user-defined palettes are defined in the palette.
Initially this is 1 to show the file contains the definition of the Subtract palette only.
As you add your own definitions, you need to adjust this figure accordingly.

The remaining lines form a definition block defining the Subtract palette. To define
a new palette, you add your own defintion block similar to this to the end of the file.

'
) *=;
@ # *.

The first line of the definition block gives the name of the palette.

The second line shows how many points in the spectrum are defined. Since each of
the remaining lines defines a point in the palette, this is also the number of lines in
the rest of the definition block.

Each definition line represents a point in the palette. Each line contains five numbers
separated by spaces. The first number on the line gives the position of the point in
the palette in the range from 0 through 255. The definition lines must be written in
increasing position number order.

The next three numbers in the definition line give, respectively, the intensities of the
red, green and blue components of the color used to represent that pixel value. For
example, 0 0 0 would give black, 255 0 0 would give pure red, 255 255 0 would
give pure yellow and 255 255 255 would give pure white.

The final number on the definition line shows how the palette should be filled
between the point defined on this line and the point defined on the previous line (as
the first line has no previous line, this value is ignored for the first line). If the fill
number is 0, the palette between the point defined in the previous line and the
current line will be filled with the color defined in the current line. If the fill number
is 1, the palette from the point defined in the previous line to the point defined in the
current line will be filled with colors grading smoothly from the color defined on the
previous line to the color defined on the current line.

As an example, the following definition file defines a new palette called ‘My
palette’, which for pixel values 0 through 127 grades from black to white and is
black for pixel values 128 through 255:
Thermoteknix Palette Definitions
2
Subtract
7
0 0 0 255 1
43 0 128 128 1
85 0 128 0 1
128 0 0 0 1
171 255 0 0 1
213 255 255 0 1
255 255 255 255 1
My palette
3
0 0 0 0 0

'
127 255 255 255 1
255 0 0 0 0

Note that if you do not give a definition line for pixel value 0, the palette from 0
through the pixel value for the first line will be filled with the color defined in the
first line. Similarly, if you do not give a definition line for pixel value 255, the
palette from the pixel value for the final line through pixel value 255, will be filled
with the color defined in the final line.

'"
) *=@ )0 *

) *=@ )0 *

1
The GRAM® card is a fully ‘plug and play’ PCI card.

The only limit to the number of GRAM® cards that can be fitted is the number of
PCI slots available.

Drivers for Windows NT4 and Windows 98 are available.

There are two multiplexed analog inputs and one 16-bit digital input channel
(custom cables can be supplied for a variety of cameras).

# 7
The GRAM® card:
• digitizes analog video signals to 384 horizontal × vertical line depth and 10 bit
resolution.
• provides robust sync extraction for VCR compatibility.

+
The GRAM® card gives real-time output in a Window on a VGA board.

The output allows:

• arbitrary scaling.
• any color depth and screen resolution (within the limits of the VGA board).

A pseudocolor output (for use with palettes and isotherms) provides:

• two 16,768 entry palette tables.

'$
• a non-destructive overlay capability.

The GRAM® card provides separate display and analysis data streams:
• The use of bus mastering means there is no processor overhead.
• The analysis stream is compatible with the functionality of Thermoteknix
Dynamite – multiple windows, spatial subsampling.

The GRAM® card provides:

• real-time image subtraction above and below mid-scale level.
• real-time averaging by mixing ½, 1/4, 1/8 or 1/16 of the incoming new data with
the existing image

The GRAM® card provides connections for input and output trigger signals (422 and
TTL).

'&
) *=@ )0 *

''
) *+

0
. / ./ ',
) *=@ )0 *

0
,4 . / ./
 ) *+

Alarm Manager is an accessory application for use with ThermaScope® in

conjunction with Alarm Monitor (see the next chapter).

You use Alarm Manager to define sets of alarms. Each alarm is attached to a tool on
a ThermaScope® image and is triggered when the temperature measured by the tool
passes through a specified value. You can set the alarm to be triggered when the
temperature passes from high to low or from low to high temperature.

To avoid the alarm going on and off when the temperature is near the threshold
value, you can set a separate temperature at which the alarm is turned off. For
example, you could set an alarm to be triggered when the temperature exceeds
500°C but is not turned off until the temperature falls below 490°C so that the alarm
is not turned on and off by small fluctuations around 500°C.

If required, a Windows NT administrator can give different users different privileges

for using the alarms: some may be allowed to use Alarm Manager to change the
alarms setup, while others may only be able to use an alarm setup that has already
been defined, and others may not even be allowed to do that.
Note: Only users with Windows NT administrator status can set the rights to set up
or use alarms.

To set the rights to set or use alarms:

Set the access privileges for the following folder (where WinNT is the
Windows NT folder):

WinNT/Profiles/All Users/Application Data/Thermoteknix/ AlarmServer/Config

to
• Read and write access for users you want to allow to set up and use
alarms
• Read-only access for users you want to allow to use alarms but not

0
. / ./ ,
)

to change their setup

• No access for users you do not want to allow to use or set up alarms.

)
To start Alarm Manager:
1 Press the Start button in the Windows Task bar.
→Thermoteknix
2 Choose Alarm Manager from the Programs→
submenu.

When the program starts up, the Alarm Manager window opens:

Note: You can choose whether or not to display the Toolbar and the Status Bar
(which gives information at the foot of the Alarm Manager window) by
choosing the corresponding commands in the View menu. The commands are
checked when the Toolbar/Status Bar is displayed.
You can also change the widths of the columns in the display in the usual
Windows Explorer way, by dragging the boundaries in the columns headings.

You save the definitions of the alarms in Alarm Manager ‘folders’. When you start
the program no folders are open, so the only Toolbar button that is available when
you start Alarm Manager is the Open Folder button.

0
, . / ./
 ) *+

*
To open an alarm folder:

1 Press the Open Folder button or choose Open Folder from the Alarm
menu to display the Open Alarm Folder dialog box:

2 Select the folder you want to use from the list.

3 Press Open to open the folder.

The Alarm Manager window now displays the alarms in the folder you have opened.

+ *
You can also use the Open Alarm Folder dialog box to carry out the following
actions:
• Press New to create a new folder in the list. The new folder will be given a
default name, which will be selected so that you can edit it if you wish.
• Press Rename to make the folder’s name in the list editable. The name will be
selected and can be edited using the keyboard in the normal way. You can also
make the folder’s name editable by selecting the folder and then clicking on the
name (this is not the same as double-clicking on the name).
• Press Delete to delete the selected folder(s) – you can select more than one folder
in the usual way by 2 6 -clicking to extend the selection by a range of adjacent
1
folders or -clicking to add individual folders to the selection. You will be
asked to confirm that you want to delete the folder(s).

0
. / ./ ,
)

#
After you press Open in the Open Alarm Folder dialog box, any alarms in the
selected folder are listed in the main Alarm Manager window, and the remaining
buttons in the Toolbar become available:

The list shows:

• the alarm’s Name
• its Strategy: whether it is triggered by a temperature going above the specified
value (High-going) or below the specified value (Low-going), and
• its Source: the filename of the image containing the linked tool, the tool’s name
(the tool identifier), and (where relevant) its value (Mean, Min or Max).

0
, . / ./
 ) *+

To create a new alarm, do any of the following:

• Choose Insert from the Alarm menu or press the Insert button.

• Select the tool in ThermaScope® and drag it using the right mouse
button and drop it into the space below the alarm list in Alarm Manager
(using the left button would move the tool on the ThermaScope® image).
When you drop the tool, a pop-up menu appears: choose Cancel to
abandon the operation, or Create New Alarm to create a new alarm and
link the tool to it.
• Select the tool in ThermaScope®, press -C to copy it to the clipboard,
and then in Alarm Manager choose Insert from Clipboard from the
Alarm menu.
The first method creates an alarm that is not yet linked to a tool (see the next section
for how to link it to a tool); the last two methods create an alarm that is already
linked to the selected tool.

In all cases the new alarm will be given a default name – see Renaming an alarm
(page 199) for how to change the name.

/
The previous section showed you how to create a new alarm and link it to a new tool
using drag and drop or copy and paste. You can change the tool linked to an alarm
or link a tool to an unlinked alarm in the following ways:
• Using drag and drop
• Using copy and paste
• Using the Alarm Properties dialog box – see the next section for details.

To link an alarm to a tool using drag-and-drop:

1 Display ThermaScope® and Alarm Manager so that the required tool on
the ThermaScope® image and the required alarm in Alarm Manager are
both visible.
2 Select the tool in the ThermaScope® image.

0
. / ./ ,"
)

3 Right-drag the tool from ThermaScope® and drop it onto the alarm in
Alarm Manager’s alarm list.
4 When you drop the tool, a pop-up menu appears: choose Cancel to
abandon the operation, or Modify Data Source to link the alarm to the
selected tool.

To link an alarm to a tool using copy and paste:

1 Select the tool in the ThermaScope® image.
2 Copy the tool to the clipboard.
3 Select the alarm in Alarm Manager.
4 Choose Paste Data Source from the Edit menu.

) . * %=
You can link an alarm to a tool using the Alarm Properties dialog box – see the
previous section for other ways to link alarms to tools. You also use this dialog box
to define when the alarm will be triggered.

To link an alarm to a tool using the Alarm Properties dialog box and/or to set the
conditions to trigger the alarm:
1 Select the alarm in the alarm list.
2 Do one of the following:
• Choose Properties from the Alarm menu

• Right-click on the alarm and choose Properties from the

pop-up menu that appears.
• Double-click on the alarm.

0
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 ) *+

The Data Source page of the Alarm Properties dialog box will be
displayed:

If you have already connected the alarm to the required tool (for
example, by drag and drop or copy and paste), go straight to Step 7.
3 Press the button to the right of the File name text box to open a
standard Windows open dialog box. Use the dialog box to select the
ThermaScope® image file containing the tool to be linked.
4 Press the button to the right of the Tool name text box to display the
Select Tool dialog box:

5 Click on the required tool’s name to select it, and press OK.

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)

6 Choose Mean, Min or Max from the Value drop-down list box in the
Alarm Properties dialog box to decide which temperature to use for
line and region tools; the setting has no effect for spot tools.
7 To specify when the alarm will be triggered, click on the Settings tab to
display the Settings page:

8 Choose High-going if you want the alarm to be triggered when the

temperature measured by the tool goes over the value you specify;
choose Low-going if you want it to be triggered by the temperature
going below the value.
9 Enter the temperature at which you want the alarm to be triggered in the
Alarm becomes active at box, and the temperature at which you want
an active (or acknowledged) alarm to be made inactive in the Alarm
becomes inactive at box.
Note that for a high-going alarm the temperature you specify in the first
box must be higher than that in the second box, and the reverse must
apply in the case of a low-going alarm.
10 Press Apply to apply the changes you have made to the selected alarm
and leave the dialog box open; press OK to apply the changes and close
the dialog box.

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 ) *+

The alarm list will now show the alarm linked to the tool.

To rename an alarm, select the alarm and do one of the following:

• Right-click on the alarm and choose Rename from the pop-up menu

• Choose Rename from the Alarm menu.

• Click on the alarm to select it, then click again on the alarms name (this
is not the same as double-clicking).

All these actions make the alarm’s name editable with the name selected. You can
now edit the name using the keyboard in the usual way.

#
To delete one or more alarms:
1 Select the alarm(s) – you can select more than one alarm in the usual
way by 2 16 -clicking to extend the selection by a range of adjacent
alarms or -clicking to add individual alarms to the selection, or you
can choose Select All from the Edit menu to select all the alarms.
2 Either:
Right-click on the alarm and choose Delete from the pop-up menu.
Or

Choose Delete from the Alarm menu.

+ /*
To open the image containing the tool linked to an alarm:
Right-click on the alarm and choose Open Data Source from the pop-
up menu.

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)

If ThermaScope® is not already open, it will be started up; if the linked image is not
already open in ThermaScope® it will be opened; ThermaScope® will be made
active and the image will be selected.

0
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 ) *+

Alarm Monitor is an accessory application for use with ThermaScope® and Alarm
Manager. The program monitors one or more alarms saved in an alarm folder using
Alarm Manager (see page 191).
Note: In order to monitor the live signal from the camera in Alarm Monitor, the
alarms must be linked to a saved image that is open in ThermaScope® and
showing a live image from the camera.

)
To start Alarm Monitor:
1 Press the Start button in the Windows Task bar.
→Thermoteknix
2 Choose Alarm Monitor from the Programs→
submenu.

When the program starts up, the Alarm Monitor window opens:

Note: You can choose whether or not to display the Toolbar and the Status Bar
(which gives information at the foot of the Alarm Monitor window) by
choosing the corresponding command in the View menu. The commands are
checked when the Toolbar/Status Bar is displayed.

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)

Alarm Monitor works with the alarms created and saved in folders by Alarm
Manager. When you start the application no folders are open, so the only Toolbar
button that is available when you start Alarm Monitor is the Open Folder button.

+ *
To open an alarm folder:

1 Press the Open button or choose Open Folder from the File menu to
display the Open Alarm Folder dialog box:

2 Select the folder you want to use from the list.

3 Press Open to open the folder.

The Alarm Monitor window now displays the alarms in the folder you have opened:

The details shown for each alarm are as follows:

• Its Name

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 ) *+

• Its Status: an Inactive alarm has not been triggered; an Active alarm has been
triggered but not yet acknowledged; an Acknowledged alarm has been triggered
and acknowledged by the user. The status will be shown as Disconnected if the
linked tool is not active – for example, if the image is not open in ThermaScope®
or if the tool has been deleted from the image.
• Its Current Value: the temperature currently measured by the linked tool in
ThermaScope®.

)/ *
When an alarm is triggered, Alarm Monitor sounds an alarm (see Editing the sound
used for alarms on page 204) and shows which alarm has been triggered by
changing the alarm’s Status to Active, and changing its icon (it is shown ‘ringing’
and is red instead of green). If the temperature falls below or above the alarm’s
inactive temperature (depending on whether the alarm is high-going or low-going),
the alarm’s Status will return to Inactive if it has been acknowledged or change to
Missed if it has not been acknowledged.

To acknowledge one or more alarms:

1 Select the alarm(s) – you can select more than one alarm in the usual
way by 2 16 -clicking to extend the selection by a range of adjacent
alarms or -clicking to add individual alarms to the selection, or you
can choose Select All from the Edit menu to select all the alarms.
The selected alarm(s) will be highlighted and the Acknowledge button
in the Toolbar will become available:

0
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)

2 Press the Acknowledge button, or right-click on the alarm(s) and choose

Acknowledge from the pop-up menu.
The alarm’s Status changes to Acknowledged. Alarm Monitor continues to monitor
the alarm, and if the trigger condition no longer applies, its Status will revert to
Inactive.

*
If you use Alarm Manager to change the definition of the alarms in a folder while
the folder is open in Alarm Monitor, Alarm Monitor will continue to use the old
definitions while the folder is still open.
To reload the current alarm folder so that Alarm Monitor uses new alarm definitions:

Press the Refresh button in the Toolbar. The current alarm folder is
reloaded, with any triggered alarms shown as Active.

8
* * *
To edit or change the sound used for alarms:
1 Choose Options from the Tools menu to display the Options dialog
box.
2 Press Edit Sounds to open the Windows’ Sounds Properties dialog
box.
3 In the dialog box, scroll to the Alarm Monitor entry.
4 Follow the instructions in the Help system for Windows NT to edit or
replace the sound used.

If the image linked to an alarm is not open in ThermaScope® when the alarm folder
is opened in Alarm Monitor, it will be shown as Disconnected. Similarly, if you
close the linked image in ThermaScope®, the alarm status will change to
Disconnected in Alarm Monitor.
To reconnect an alarm to an image that has been opened since the Alarm Folder was

0
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 ) *+

opened in Alarm Monitor:

1 Right-click on the alarm to pop up a menu.
2 Choose Reconnect.

0
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"
+

Output Manager is an accessory application for use with ThermaScope® in

conjunction with Output Monitor (see the next chapter) and a digital-to-analog
output board fitted in the PC. The programs allow you to control an external device
through the digital-to-analog output board.

You use Output Manager to set up the links between tools on ThermaScope® images
and outputs, and to define the relationship between the tool measurement and the
output current. The output current from each socket on the board can be made to
vary from 4mA through 20mA.
Note: In order to control the outputs on the digital-to-analog output board using
temperatures measured using the camera, you must have used Output
Manager to define links between the outputs and tools on a saved image that
is open in ThermaScope® and showing a live image from the camera, and
Output Manager or Output Monitor must also be running.

If required, a Windows NT administrator can give different users different privileges

for using the outputs: some may be allowed to use Output Manager to change the
output setup, while others may only be able to use the output setup that has already
been defined, and others may not even be allowed to do that.
Note: Only users with Windows NT administrator status can set the rights to set up
or use outputs.

To set the rights to set or use outputs:

Set the access privileges for the following folder (where WinNT is the
Windows NT folder):

WinNT/Profiles/All Users/Application Data/Thermoteknix/ OutputServer/Config

to
• Read and write access for users you want to allow to set up and use

0
4
$ . / ./
 ) *+

outputs
• Read-only access for users you want to allow to use outputs but not
to change their setup
• No access for users you do not want to allow to use or set up
outputs.

+
To start Output Manager:
1 Press the Start button in the Windows Task bar.
→Thermoteknix
2 Choose Output Manager from the Programs→
submenu.
When the program starts up, the Output Manager window opens:

The Toolbar above the output list window contains six buttons, but until you open
an output setup, only two are available.
Note: You can choose whether or not to display the Toolbar and the Status Bar
(which gives information at the foot of the Output Manager window) by
choosing the corresponding commands in the View menu. The commands are
checked when the Toolbar/Status Bar is displayed.
You can also change the widths of the columns in the display in the usual
Windows Explorer way, by dragging the boundaries in the columns headings.

0
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&
+

+
To open the output setup:

Press the Open button in the Toolbar, or choose Open Setup from the
Output menu.

When you open the output setup (there is only one output setup), the Output
Manager window lists the outputs and shows any current links and definitions:

Each row shows the setup for one of the eight outputs from the board. For each
output, the following information is shown:
• Its Name (the icon to the left shows whether the output is currently linked to a
tool by showing the link made or broken – in the example picture the first two
outputs are linked to tools)
• Its Source: the name of the tool it is linked to
• Its Maximum Range: the value associated with the maximum output current of
20mA
• Its Minimum Range: the value associated with the minimum output current of
4mA.
• A Description.

0
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' . / ./
 ) *+

/
To link an output to a tool:
• Select the output by clicking on it in the list, then press the Properties
button. For more information, see Specifying output parameters, below.
• Select the tool in ThermaScope® and drag it using the right mouse
button and drop it onto one of the outputs listed in Output Manager
(using the left button would move the tool on the ThermaScope®
image). The link will be made, replacing any link previously made to
the selected output.
• Select the tool in ThermaScope®, press -C to copy it to the clipboard,
and in Output Manager, press the Paste Link button or choose Paste
Link from the Edit menu.

Once you have linked an output to a tool, you need to specify the relationship
between the tool measurement and the output current – see the next section.

To link an output to a tool and/or specify the relationship between the tool
measurement and the output current:
1 Select the output by clicking on it in the list.

2 Do one of the following:

• Choose Properties from the Output menu.

• Double-click on the output.

• Right-click on the output, and choose Properties from the pop-up
menu.

0
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,
+

The Setup output parameters dialog box will be displayed:

If you have already linked the output to the required tool (for example,
by drag and drop or copy and paste), go straight to Step 6.
3 Press the button to the right of the File name text box to open a
standard Windows open dialog box. Use the dialog box to select the
ThermaScope® image file containing the required tool.
4 Press the button to the right of the Tool name text box to display the
Select Tool dialog box:

0
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 ) *+

5 Click on the required tool’s name to select it, and press OK.
6 If the linked tool is a line or region, you will be able to choose Mean,
Min or Max from the Data Type drop-down list box in the Alarm
Properties dialog box. Otherwise, this box will be grayed out.
7 In the Data Calibration box, type the temperature measurement that
you want to give the minimum output (4mA) into the Minimum Value
box and the temperature you want to give the maximum output (20mA)
into the Maximum Value box.
There is a linear relationship between the output current and the
temperature for temperatures between the Maximum and Minimum
values.
8 Use the Output Name box to edit the default name used to identify the
output.
9 Use the Description box to enter a comment to be displayed with the
output in the Output Manager and Output Monitor windows.
10 Press OK to close the dialog box.

To rename an output, select the output and do one of the following:

• Choose Rename from the Output menu.

• Right-click on the output and choose Rename from the pop-up menu

• Click once on the output name to select it, then click again.

All these actions make the output’s name editable with the name selected. You can
now edit the name using the keyboard in the usual way.

8 *
To enter or edit the description of an output given in the Description column:
1 Click in the output’s row to select it.
2 Click in the Description column for the output.

0
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+

The description will become selected and editable.

3 Edit the description using the keyboard in the usual way.

/
To break the link between an output and a tool:
1 Click on the output to select it.
2 Do one of the following:
• Choose Remove Link from the Edit menu

• Right-click on the output to pop up a menu and choose Remove

Link.

+ /*
To open the image containing the tool linked to an output:
Right-click on the output and choose Open Data Source from the pop-
up menu.

If ThermaScope® is not already open, it will be started up; if the linked image is not
already open in ThermaScope® it will be opened; ThermaScope® will be made
active and the image will be selected.

:
To display information about the version of Output Manager you are
using, press the About button or choose About from the Help menu.

0
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 ) *+

Once you have defined some outputs using Output Manager, you use Output
Monitor to monitor them. Note that for outputs to function, you must have either
Output Manager or Output Monitor running.

+
To start Output Monitor:
1 Press the Start button in the Windows Task bar.
→Thermoteknix
2 Choose Output Monitor from the Programs→
submenu.

When the program starts up, the Output Monitor window opens:

At the left-hand edge of the window, an icon shows the current status of each output:

The output is connected

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No tool has been linked to the output in Output Manager

The link between the tool and the output is defined, but has been
broken. This happens, for example, when the tool is deleted from the
ThermaScope® image, or the image is closed.

As with Output Manager, you can choose whether to display the Toolbar and Status
Bar by choosing the appropriate command from the View menu. Otherwise, Output
Monitor simply allows you to monitor the outputs you have specified, and to
reconnect an output after its link to a tool has been broken.

When the linked tool is restored in ThermaScope, press the Reconnect

button in Output Monitor to reconnect the link.

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1*

1*

The PosiTrak® Pack is an accessory to ThermaScope®. The PosiTrak® commands

appear in the PosiTrak submenu in the ThermaScope® Modules menu.

Using PosiTrak® you can:

• Transform images taken from different positions and with different camera
angles so that they are aligned (this extends the PosiTrak® tool, which aligns
images by transforming the coordinate systems, but leaves the images
unchanged).
• Subtract one image from another.
• Create a new image with the average, maximum or minimum temperatures in a
group of other images.
• Join a series of overlapping images together to give a single image covering a
wider field of view than you can capture with a camera.

This manual provides full instructions for using the PosiTrak® Pack. Chapter 2 gives
detailed instructions for carrying out a wide range of tasks using the PosiTrak® Pack.
Chapter 3 provides a reference giving brief instructions for using each of the
commands in ThermaScope®’s Modules→ →PosiTrak submenu.

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The first section in this chapter describes how to ‘straighten’ an image. You can use
the PosiTrak® tool in ThermaScope® to impose your own set of real-world
coordinates on an image and/or to align a series of different images of the same
object to a master template image. The PosiTrak® tool transforms the coordinate
system used to take measurements from the image and to position tools. The
Straighten command takes this process one step further by allowing you to
transform the image itself, rather than the coordinate system. Because you need to
use the PosiTrak® tool to align the image before you straighten it, the first section
begins by using an example to recap how to use it.

In addition to straightening images, PosiTrak® enables you to combine images in a

number of different ways. The second section describes some features common to
these processes.

The third section shows you how to form a mosaic of overlapping images by
combining two or more images to form one larger image covering a wider field of
view than is possible with a single camera image.

The fourth section describes how you can use Subtract From Files (and Subtract
Files) to subtract an image from a series of other images (and vice versa).

The final section in this chapter shows you how to combine several images to
produce a single image, in which the temperature at each pixel is the average,
maximum or minimum of the temperatures at the corresponding pixels in all the
other images.

) *
)
You use the PosiTrak® tool in ThermaScope® to align a series of different images of
the same object to a master template image. When you do this, the coordinates for
different parts of the object will be the same in all the images even if the images are
taken from different distances, angles of view or with the camera rotated at different
angles.

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The new coordinate system is reflected in the coordinates shown in the status bar as
you move the pointer around the image and in the coordinates given for tools in edit
dialog boxes, but the appearance of the image itself is unchanged. So, for example,
if you correct for the fact that the camera was sloping in one of the images, the
image still appears to slope, but the coordinate axes are rotated appropriately to
compensate for the rotation of the image. The Straighten command, described in
the next section, takes this process one step further by allowing you to transform the
image itself so that it matches the original in appearance.

As an example of using the PosiTrak® tool to align an image, suppose you have two
images PANEL1.TGW and PANEL2.TGW showing the same object but taken from
slightly different positions and with the camera sloping at different angles. You
decide to use PANEL1.TGW as your template image and want to align
PANEL2.TGW to the template.

The first step is to use the PosiTrak® tool to set the PosiTrak® markers to act as a
template:
1 Choose the PosiTrak® tool from the Tool Kit to display the markers on
the image.
2 Position the markers over three reference points in the image.
3 Double-click on the image to display the PosiTrak Markers dialog
box, press Template to define the coordinates of the markers as a
template, and, finally, press OK.

Once you have created the template, the next step is:
4 Choose Exchange in the Image menu to load PANEL2.TGW into the

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same Image window:

Now you can compensate for the different viewpoint and camera rotation by
aligning the image to the template:
5 Drag the markers to the reference positions in the image corresponding
to the template.
6 Choose PosiTrak Now from the Image menu:

The PosiTrak® tool has transformed the coordinate system in PANEL2.TGW so that
its coordinates match those in PANEL1.TGW. Note that the image itself is
unchanged. The coordinates of the tools are also unchanged (you can check this by
displaying their edit dialog boxes) but since the coordinate system has changed, the
tools are moved on the image. In the example, the spot tool has moved so that it now
lies in the same position on the image as in the original template image
PANEL1.TGW. The rectangle tool has also moved and its aspect ratio has changed.

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However, it is still a rectangle tool, so it is still a rectangle parallel to the sides of the
Image window. In general this means that, as in this case, the tool will not cover the
same area on the image as in the template image.

After you have used the PosiTrak® tool to align an image to a master image, the two
images still look different but the difference is compensated for by differences in the
coordinate systems.

You can use the Straighten command to transform the image so that it matches the
master image. By using the PosiTrak® tool and the Straighten command repeatedly
for a series of images, you can make them all appear the same, even if they are taken
from different positions and with the camera sloping by different amounts.
For example, to straighten PANEL2.TGW:
1 As in the above example, use the PosiTrak® tool to set a template in
PANEL1.TGW, exchange the image for PANEL2.TGW and use
PosiTrak Now in the Image to align it. The result is shown in the
PANEL2.TGW picture earlier.
2 Choose Straighten from the Modules→ →PosiTrak submenu. The
straightening process takes a little time, so a dialog box is displayed to
show progress and allow you to abort the process if you wish. When the
process is completed, the progress dialog box will be removed and the
straightened image displayed in a new Image window:

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The status bar shows the image type as “Straightened”. In general, straightening an
image will, as in this case, rotate it. This means that there will be areas in the Image
window around the image for which no data is known: these areas are filled with a
zero pixel value.
Since this is a new Image window, it contains no tools and its coordinate system is
not aligned to the original image.

You will probably want to realign the new image to the master image template by
saving the image in a new file (PANEL3.TGW) and using Exchange to exchange
the file into an Image window holding PANEL2.TGW or PANEL1.TGW:

1 Move the alignment markers to their template positions:

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2 Choose PosiTrak Now from the Image menu to align the straightened
image to the template:

After you align the image, the tools again lie over the correct parts of the object.
Note, in particular, that the rectangle tool now fits over precisely the same area as in
the master image.

%
With the exception of straightening an image, all PosiTrak® operations are
concerned with combining a number of images to form one or more new images.
This section looks at a number of issues affecting these commands.

When you combine two or more images, the coordinate system in each image is
used to align the images so that values are taken from corresponding positions in the
image. The mosaic process (see page 228) includes an alignment step, but for the
other operations, you should align the images first using the PosiTrak® tool (see page
219) or the PosiTrak® tool section in the Tool Kit chapter of the ThermaScope® User
Manual part of this manual for details).

When you align the images, there will, in general, be areas where the images do not
overlap each other completely. The result of the image combination in these areas is
taken from just those images that do overlap at those points. For example, if you
take the Multi-Average of two images, the temperature in areas where they do not
overlap is just the temperature of the single image at that point. For the subtraction

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commands, if an area has one image only, the result is the temperature of that image,
even if it is the subtracting image (ie it is not minus its temperature).

Since the resulting image has to be rectangular, there may be some areas where there
are no images. As in the case of straightened images, these areas are filled with a
zero pixel value.

When you combine two or more images, the values used are the temperatures
calculated from the pixel values at corresponding pixels in the images. The
calculated temperature is affected by the background temperature and emissivity set
for the image. These are derived from the original image file produced by the
camera, but you can override these values using Calibrate Temperature in the
Image menu.

Images may contain different levels of temperature information (depending on how

they were produced), ranging from no temperature information (luminance values
only) to full temperature information using some real world temperature unit such as
Celsius. More information about the compatibility of different images is given for
individual operations later in this chapter and in the next chapter.

The result of combining two or more images is an 8-bit image unless all the images
being combined are 12-bit images, when the result will be a 12-bit image.

Each of the images you combine has its own temperature span, with a temperature
T0 corresponding to the zero pixel value and a temperature T255 corresponding to the
maximum pixel value (255 for an 8-bit image). Since the images you are combining
may have different temperature spans, you have to decide what the temperature span
of the resulting image should be.

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To choose how the temperature span of the resulting image should be determined:
1 Choose Default Span from the Modules→→PosiTrak submenu to
display the Default Image Maths Span dialog box:

2 Choose Maximized to set the span to include the maximum spans of all
the component images: see below for more details.
Choose Optimized to set the span to include just the temperatures
actually present in the component images: see below for more details.
Choose Selected to display a dialog box when you choose one of the
image combination commands from the Modules→ →PosiTrak submenu.
This dialog box will allow you to select a temperature range for the
resulting image.
3 Press OK to close the dialog box and return to the main menu.

Maximized temperature span

When you combine several images together, each has its own temperature span. For
→ →
example image A may have the span TA0→ TA255, image B the span TB0→ TB255, and so
on.

Leaving aside the subtraction commands (which are handled slightly differently),
when you set the temperature span of the final image to be Maximized, the
temperature T0 assigned to the zero pixel value in the final image will be the lowest
of the temperatures TA0, TB0, and so on, and the temperature T255 assigned to the
maximum pixel value will be the highest of the temperatures TA255, TB255, and so on.

Another way of saying this is that the temperature span in the final image will be the
smallest span including all the spans of the individual images.

For the subtraction commands, images are combined in pairs by subtracting one
image from the other. The span is calculated by taking the difference between the
temperatures represented by the maximum pixel value of one image and the zero
pixel value of the other, and vice versa. For example, TA255 – TB0 and TB255 – TA0.

0
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Whichever of these gives the largest number (ignoring the sign) is used to set the
temperature span: the zero pixel value is minus this number; the maximum pixel
value is plus this number.

A consequence of this definition for the subtraction commands is that the

temperature in areas where the images do not overlap may saturate, since the
temperature of the original image is used and this may lie outside the calculated
temperature span. However, this is unlikely to be a problem in practice, as
presumably it is only the areas where image subtraction actually takes place that are
of interest. If it is a problem, you can always choose the Selected option and set
your own temperature span to include the temperatures in non-overlapping regions.

Optimized temperature span

When you choose Optimized, the temperature span of the final image is calculated
from the temperatures actually present in the images, not the temperatures
represented by the zero and maximum pixel values, which may not actually be
present in an image. To determine the temperatures represented by the zero and
maximum pixel values in the resulting image, the images are combined first and
then the span calculated.

Leaving the subtraction commands aside again, the lowest temperature present in the
resultant image is assigned to the zero pixel value and the highest temperature to the
maximum pixel value.

For the subtraction commands, the non-overlapping regions, where there is no

subtraction, are again ignored and the temperature furthest away from zero in the
overlapping region is determined. This temperature and minus this temperature are
then used as the values assigned to the maximum and zero pixel values (or vice
versa, if this temperature is negative).

This means, as in the Maximized case, that the central pixel value represents zero
temperature difference, and that non-overlapping areas may be saturated.

Comparison with Set Temperature Span in the Image menu

The process of choosing a span for the resulting image is similar to choosing the
temperature span for an individual image using Set Temperature Span in the
Image menu, but there is an important difference. Changing the temperature span
for an individual image just changes the way the image is displayed. So, for

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example, if you choose to change the span to a narrow temperature range, you will
be able to change it back to Maximized later without any information loss.

On the other hand, when you choose a narrow temperature span for the creation of a
combined image, you are setting the actual maximum and minimum values for the
image. Any temperatures lying outside the temperature span will be set to the
minimum or maximum temperatures, depending on whether the value is too low or
too high, and all information about the actual values will be lost. In other words, the
span you choose becomes the maximized span of the resulting image.

Given this, you might think that you should choose the widest possible temperature
span for creating the image, since you can choose what temperature span you require
for display using Set Temperature Span in the Image menu at a later time.
However, the wider the actual temperature span of the image, the larger the
temperature represented by each unit of pixel value. Thus choosing a wide
temperature span will result in less precise temperature readings.

One further difference is that setting Optimized using Set Temperature Span in
the Image menu sets the minimum and maximum temperatures at the 5 and 95
percent points (5% of the image is at or below the minimum temperature and at or
above the maximum temperature). However, when calculating the Optimized
temperature span when combining images the actual lowest and highest
temperatures are used.

/
The previous section describes some general features of processes, such as the
mosaic process, that combine several images to form a composite image. You
should read that section before following the instructions in this section.

As an example of when you might want to make a mosaic, suppose you are
investigating the thermal efficiency of a building. The size of the building may mean
that you cannot include a complete wall in an image because the camera’s angle of
view is too narrow. The solution is to take a series of overlapping images and then
use the mosaic commands in the Modules→ →PosiTrak submenu to construct a
composite image covering the whole wall. Other examples include the monitoring of
large pieces of plant, or machinery in confined areas that you cannot get far enough
away from to include in a single camera image.

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The process of creating a mosaic consists of a number of basic steps, which combine
two images. You can then repeat these steps as many times as you like to add further
images.

To add one image to another to create a mosaic image:

1 Use the PosiTrak® tool to set markers (see page 219 or the PosiTrak®
tool section in the Tool Kit chapter of the ThermaScope® User Manual
part of this manual for details) on parts of the image that overlap with
the image you want to add:

2 Choose Set Mosaic Master from the Modules→ →PosiTrak submenu to

make this the Mosaic Master image (the command is grayed if the
PosiTrak® markers are not displayed).
3 If the image you want to add is not already open, open it using Open in
the File menu.
Note: The temperature information in the image you are adding must be supported
by the master image. For example, both could have no temperature
information, or both could have full temperature information. You could also
add an image with no temperature information to a Mosaic Master with full
temperature information, but not the other way round.

4 Click in the Image window containing the image you want to add to the
master image to make it active (or select it from the Window menu).

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5 Choose Copy Master Alignment from the Modules→ →PosiTrak

submenu to place PosiTrak® markers at the same coordinates on the
second image:

6 Drag the markers to the reference positions in the region overlapping

the master image:

→PosiTrak submenu to
7 Choose Make Mosaic from the Modules→
combine the two images.
8 If you have set the default temperature span for combining images to
Selected (see page 226 for details), the Image Maths Parameters
dialog box will be displayed:

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Enter the Maximum and Minimum temperatures you want to use for
the final image.
9 The Mosaic process takes a little time, so a dialog box showing progress
and allowing you to abort the process is displayed. If you do not abort,
the combined image is displayed in a new Image window:

%
The Combining images section (page 224) describes some general features of
processes, such as subtracting images, that combine images to form a new image.
You should read that section before following the instructions in this section.

Subtract from Files and Subtract Files in the Modules→ →PosiTrak submenu are
both used to produce images that show the temperature differences between the
image in the active Image window and a series of other images. The difference
between the two commands is that Subtract from Files takes the active image away
from the other images and Subtract Files subtracts the series of images from the
active image.
Note: The subtraction commands are only enabled if the image in the active Image
window contains temperature information.

The following instructions deal with using Subtract Files only; the procedure for
using Subtract from Files is identical and the only difference in the results is that
the signs of the temperatures in the resulting images are opposite.

To subtract the temperatures in a set of image files from the image in the active
Image window:
1 Make sure that you have aligned the images, set the temperature
calibration, if required, and chosen what default temperature span to use
(see page 243 for details).

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→PosiTrak submenu.
2 Choose Subtract Files from the Modules→
3 If you set the default temperature span for combining images to
Selected, the Image Maths Parameters dialog box will be displayed:

Enter the Maximum and Minimum temperatures you want to use for
the final image.
Enter a value for the Threshold. Any temperature differences less than
this threshold will be made 0. You can use this to eliminate the effects
of noise so that only significant temperature differences appear in the
final image.
4 The Select Files to Subtract From Reference dialog box will be
displayed:

Apart from its title, this dialog box is a standard Windows file open
dialog box: use it in the usual way to select the required images. In
particular, you can use the following procedures to select multiple
images.

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To select a number of files listed next to each other:

Hold down 2 16 and click on the first file in the range, then hold
down 2 6 and click on the last file in the range.
1
To add (or remove) a single file to (from) the currently selected files:
Hold down and click on the file.
Note: Any image in the selected series that does not support the temperature
information contained in the image in the active Image window will be
skipped.

5 Press Open to start the subtraction process.

The subtraction process takes a little time, so a dialog box showing
progress and allowing you to abort the process is displayed. If you do
not abort, the subtracted images are displayed in new Image windows.
6 Choose Select in the Palette menu and change the palette to the
Subtract palette. This step is optional, but the subtract palette has been
designed specifically to highlight the differences in the subtracted image
temperatures. Black is used at the center for no difference in
temperature, with green through blue showing negative differences, and
red through white showing positive differences (the example below in
fact uses the gray scale palette, as, being monochrome, it reproduces
more clearly for the manual). Use Select in the Palette menu to change
palettes.

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For example, subtracting Panelx.tgw from Panely.tgw produces Panelz:

)
- A./2* *: 2*
The Multi-Average, Peak Hold and Valley Hold commands in the
Modules→ →PosiTrak submenu are very similar. They each allow you to select a
group of images, which are then combined to form a single image. The only
difference is in the way the values are combined: Multi-Average takes the average
temperature at corresponding pixels; Peak Hold the maximum value; and Valley
Hold the minimum value.

None of the commands involves the current image, so they are enabled even if you
have no images open.

Before using any of these commands, you should make sure that you have aligned
the images, set the temperature calibration, if required, and chosen what default
temperature span to use (see Combining images, page 224, for details and other
information applying to these commands).
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Choosing any of the commands displays a file selection dialog box, which, apart
from the title, is identical to the dialog box displayed by the other commands, and to
that displayed by the subtract commands (see page 231 for further details).

After you have selected the images, the combination process begins. This takes a
little time, so a dialog box showing progress and allowing you to abort the process is
displayed. If you do not abort, the resulting image is displayed in a new Image
window.
Note: The first image on the list of selected images sets the level of temperature
information required in the remaining images. Any images that do not
support the level of temperature information provided in the first image will
be skipped. For example, if the first image only supports luminance values,
none of the remaining images will be skipped, since all images at least
support luminance values. However, if the first image supports full
temperature information, any images only supporting luminance information
will be skipped.

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. /%

This chapter gives a brief summary of how to use each of the command in the
PosiTrak submenu; the previous chapter gives more detail and some background
explanations.

Straighten is grayed if the distance unit set by Units in the Options menu is set to
Pixels.
You can use PosiTrak Now in the Image menu to align an image to a template set
in another image using the PosiTrak tool. This process changes the coordinate
system used for measurements and for positioning tools on the image, but leaves the
image unchanged.

To transform an aligned image so that it has the same appearance as the original
image:
Choose Straighten from the Modules→PosiTrak submenu.

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The straightening process takes a little time, so a dialog box will be displayed to
show progress. When the process is completed, the progress dialog box will be
removed and the straightened image displayed in a new Image window:

The status bar shows the image type as “Straightened”. In general straightening an
image will, as in this example, rotate it. This means that there will be areas around
the image in the Image window for which no data is available. These areas are filled
with a zero pixel value.

% 6
Subtract from Files is grayed if the image in the active Image window does not
contain temperature information.

The results of subtracting images depends on the alignment of the images and their
temperature calibration: see page 225 for more details. The results also depend on
the temperature span selected using Default Span in the Modules→ →PosiTrak
submenu.

To subtract the image in the active Image window from a series of other images:
→PosiTrak submenu.
1 Choose Subtract from Files from the Modules→

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2 If you have set the default temperature span to Selected (see Default
Span in the Modules→ →PosiTrak submenu, page 243), the Image
Maths Parameters dialog box is displayed:

Enter the Maximum and Minimum temperatures you want to use for
the final image, and press OK.
Enter a value for the Threshold. Any temperature differences less than
this threshold will be made 0. You can use this to eliminate the effects
of noise so that only significant temperature differences appear in the
final image.
3 The Select Files to Subtract Reference from dialog box is displayed:

Apart from its title, this dialog box is a standard Windows file open
dialog box: use it in the usual way to select the required images. In
particular, you can use the following procedures to select multiple
images.
To select a number of files listed next to each other:
Hold down 2
16 and click on the first file in the range, then hold

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down 2
16 and click on the last file in the range.
To add (or remove) a single file to (from) the currently selected files:
Hold down and click on the file.
4 Press Open to start the subtraction process.
5 Performing the subtraction takes a little time, so a dialog box showing
progress and allowing you to abort the process is displayed. If you do
not abort, the subtracted images are displayed in new Image windows.
Note: Any of the selected images that do not contain temperature information will
be skipped.

% 6
Subtract Files is identical to Subtract from Files, except that the selected images
are subtracted from the image in the active image window rather than the other way
round. The results are also identical apart from the sign of the temperatures. See
Subtract from Files (page 237) for further details.

In making a mosaic, you make one image the Mosaic Master image and then add a
second image to it. You can repeat this process to make a single composite image
from many individual images.

The results of making a mosaic of images depends on the temperature calibration of

the images: see page 225 for more details. The results also depend on the
temperature span selected using Default Span in the Modules→ →PosiTrak
submenu.

You should use the PosiTrak® tool to set an alignment template on the master image
before making it the Mosaic Master. The template will be used to align the second
image, so you should choose reference points in the region of overlap between the
master and second image.

Set Mosaic Master is grayed if the PosiTrak® markers are not displayed on the
image in the active Image window.

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To make the image in the active Image window the master image for a mosaic:
Choose Set Mosaic Master from the Modules→PosiTrak submenu.

)
Copy Master Alignment is grayed unless you have set a Mosaic Master in the
current session.

Once you have created a Mosaic Master image, you must align the image you want
to add to the master image.
Note: The temperature information in the image you are adding must be supported
by the master image. For example, both could have no temperature
information, or both could have full temperature information. You could also
add an image with no temperature information to a Mosaic Master with full
temperature information, but not the other way round.

To align an image to the Mosaic Master image:

1 Make the window containing the image the active Image window by
clicking in it or by selecting it from the list in the Window menu.
2 Choose Copy Master Alignment in the Modules→PosiTrak submenu
to display PosiTrak® markers on the image at the same coordinates as in
the master.
3 Drag the markers to the reference points in the region overlapping with
the Mosaic Master image.

The image is now ready for adding another image to the master image to make a
mosaic.

/
Make Mosaic is grayed unless you have set a Mosaic Master in the current session.

To add the image in the active Image window to the Mosaic Master:
→PosiTrak submenu.
1 Choose Make Mosaic from the Modules→
2 If you have set the default temperature span to Selected (see Default
Span in the Modules→ →PosiTrak submenu, page 243), the Image

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Maths Parameters dialog box is displayed:

Enter the Maximum and Minimum temperatures you want to use for
the final image, and press OK.

The mosaic process takes a little time, so a dialog box showing progress and
allowing you to abort the process is displayed. If you do not abort, the combined
images are displayed in a new Image window.

If you want to add more images to the mosaic, you can:

1 Adjust the alignment markers in this image and make it the Mosaic
Master image using Set Mosaic Master.
2 Align the next image to it by using Copy Master Alignment and
moving the PosiTrak® markers.
3 Make the new mosaic using Make Mosaic again.

You then repeat this process until all the images have been added.

In regions where images overlap, the temperature in the mosaic image is the
maximum of the temperatures in the component images.

)
-
The results of averaging images depends on the alignment of the images and their
temperature calibration: see page 225 for more details. The results also depend on
the temperature span selected using Default Span in the Modules→ →PosiTrak
submenu.

Multi-Average does not involve the active Image window, so the command is
ungrayed even if there are no open Image windows.

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The result of taking a Multi-Average is a new image in which the temperature at

each pixel is the average of the temperatures at the corresponding pixels in a group
of selected images.

To create an image showing the average temperatures of a group of other images:

→PosiTrak submenu.
1 Choose Multi-Average from the Modules→
2 If you have set the default temperature span to Selected (see Default
Span in the Modules→ →PosiTrak submenu, page 243), the Image
Maths Parameters dialog box is displayed:

Enter the Maximum and Minimum temperatures you want to use for
the final image, and press OK.
3 The Select Files to Average dialog box is displayed:

Apart from its title, this dialog box is a standard Windows file open
dialog box.

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4 Use the dialog box in the usual way to select the required images. In
particular, you can use the following procedures to select multiple
images.
To select a number of files listed next to each other:
Hold down 2 16 and click on the first file in the range, then hold
down 2 6 and click on the last file in the range.
1
To add (or remove) a single file to (from) the currently selected files:
Hold down and click on the file.
5 Press Open to start the averaging process.
6 The averaging process takes a little time, so a dialog box showing
progress and allowing you to abort the process is displayed. If you do
not abort, the resulting image is displayed in a new Image window.

./2*
<: 2*
The Peak Hold and Valley Hold commands are similar to Multi-Average, except
that Peak Hold gives the maximum temperature at each pixel in all the images and
Valley Hold gives the minimum.

See Multi-Average (page 241) for more details.

#
To choose how to determine the temperature span of images produced by Subtract
From Files, Subtract Files, Make Mosaic, Multi-Average, Peak Hold and Valley
Hold:
1 Choose Default Span from the Modules→→PosiTrak submenu to
display the Default Image Maths Span dialog box:

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2 Do one of:
Choose Maximized to make the zero pixel value in the resulting image
the lowest of the zero pixel value temperatures of the separate images
and the maximum pixel value the highest of the maximum pixel value
temperatures of the separate images.
Choose Optimized to make the zero pixel value in the resulting image
the lowest temperature and the maximum pixel value the highest
temperature actually present in any of the separate images.
Choose Selected to display a dialog box when you choose one of the
image combination commands from the Modules→ →PosiTrak submenu.
This dialog box will allow you to select a temperature range for the
resulting image.

See page 225 for more details.

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- -

+
- -

ThermaScope® Plot is an accessory module supplied with ThermaScope®, enabling

you to capture thermal data from a live image (or a video recording of a live image)
over a period of time, or to plot data taken from a group of selected files.

You can use the commands on the Plot submenu in the ThermaScope® Modules
menu to capture data from tools placed on the image or select a group of files from
which measurements are to be taken.
Note: The ability to plot measurements taken from a group of files is particularly
useful when used in conjunction with the Timed Save command in
ThermaScope®’s File menu.

For spot tools you can capture data in a live image at the camera’s field rate, which
is the fastest rate at which the data from the camera can change; for other tools the
fastest rate is every second. You can also capture data at intervals as long as 24
hours. You can start the data capture manually, or at a specific time, and you can
stop the capture manually, after a specific period or after capturing a specific
number of data points. You can capture up to 2,000 points for any tool, and for
practical purposes there is effectively no limit on the number of tools from which
you can capture data simultaneously. When you are taking measurements from a
group of selected files, you can choose to use tools defined on the individual images
or tools defined on a master image.

Once the data has been captured, it is automatically plotted and displayed in the Plot
2 program. Plot 2 is a separate program, which can also be started up independently
to view previously saved plots.

1
ThermaScope® Plot 2 is supplied with ThermaScope® and the software is installed
automatically when you install ThermaScope® – see the ThermaScope® part of this
manual for installation instructions. Plot allows you to capture data from a spot tool
at the camera’s field rate, which is the fastest rate at which the data from the camera
can change (for other tools the fastest rate is every second).

$ .
 .

.
After you have installed ThermaScope®, a Plot command appears on the
Programs→ →Thermoteknix submenu in the menu displayed when you press Start
in the Windows Task Bar.

When you use ThermaScope® commands to create a plot, Plot opens automatically
with the newly created plot loaded so that you can view, edit and save it.
Alternatively, you can choose Plot from the Programs→ →Thermoteknix submenu
to start up Plot to view plot files that you have already saved. A third way of
opening Plot is to use Open Plot File in the Modules→ →Plot submenu in
ThermaScope® to open a previously saved plot file. See Viewing a plot – the Plot
program, page 261, for more information about opening Plot.

This manual provides full instructions for using Plot. Chapter 2 describes the
process of capturing data within ThermaScope®. Chapter 3 goes on to describe how
to use Plot to view the data, with a brief overview of its menu commands. Chapter 4
gives a reference section for ThermaScope®’s Plot submenu together with a detailed
description of each of Plot’s menu commands.

. &
 *

In ThermaScope® there is a Plot submenu in the Modules menu:

Open Plot File is used to open a plot file previously saved in Plot and is described
in the Menus chapter.

Plot Tools is only available if the active Image window contains an image with one
or more plottable tools (spot, line, area or differencer), and Plot Tool is only
available if, in addition, one of the plottable tools is selected. Both commands are
used to select the tool or tools to be plotted: see the next section for details.
However, their action once you have selected the tool(s) depends on the type of
image in the active Image window:
• If the active Image window contains a live image, the Live Plot dialog box is
displayed so that you can choose settings for capturing data from the image: see
Choosing when to capture data (page 251) for more details.
• If the active Image window does not contain a live image, the Select Files to
Plot dialog box is displayed so that you can select a group of files for compiling
a plot: see Compiling a plot from a group of image files (page 258) for more
details.

Once you have completed these steps, both commands display the plot created in the
separate Plot application: see the following chapter for details.

' .
 .

Note: The temperature units and colors (with the exception noted below) used for
plotting the data captured are those set in ThermaScope®, so if you want to
use different units or colors, you should change them in ThermaScope®
before creating the plot. The exception arises if you are creating a plot of a
single line or area, or a differencer including a line or area. You then have the
option of plotting any combination of the maximum, mean and minimum
temperatures, and rather than plotting all these lines with the tool’s own
color, the maximum, mean and minimum lines are always plotted in red,
green and blue, respectively.

The Plot Tools command allows you to select more than one tool for plotting, while
Plot Tool only plots the currently selected tool. On the other hand, for line, area or
differencer tools, Plot Tool allows you to plot the minimum, mean and maximum
temperatures or any combination of them, but Plot Tools only allows you to plot
one of them.

. *

To plot data from a single tool:

1 If the tool is not already selected, click on it in the Image Window or
select it in the Tool List.
2 Choose Plot Tool from the Modules→Plot submenu. What happens
next depends on whether the selected tool is
• a spot or a differencer between two spots: this part of the procedure
is complete, so go to the paragraph following these instructions
• any other tool: go to step 3.
3 The Plot Temperature Selection dialog box is displayed:

. ,
 *

3 Use the check boxes to choose which temperatures to plot and press
OK.

What happens next depends on whether the active Image window when you selected
Plot Tool contained a live or non-live image. If it contained a live image, the Live
Plot dialog box is displayed so that you can choose when to capture data from the
image: see Choosing when to capture the data (page 251) for details. If the active
Image window did not contain a live image, the Select Files to Plot dialog box is
displayed so that you can choose a group of files to be used for the plot: see
Compiling a plot from a group of image files (page 258) for details.

. *

To plot data from several tools:

1 Choose Plot Tools from the Plot submenu in the Modules menu to
display the Plot Multiple Tools dialog box:

Minimum and Maximum are grayed if all the tools are spots or
differencers between spots.
2 Select the tools to plot from the Tools list box.
To select a single tool:
Click on it in the Tools list box.
To select several tools listed next to each other in the Tools list box:
Click on the first tool in the range, then hold down 2
16 and click
on the last tool in the range.
To add another tool to the list of selected tools:
Hold down and click on the tool.

"4 .
 .

3 Click on the Maximum, Mean or Minimum radio button to decide

which temperatures to plot. This is only relevant for lines and areas, and
for differencers involving lines or areas. The choice you make will
apply to all the tools plotted.
4 Press OK.

What happens next depends on whether the active Image window when you selected
Plot Tools contained a live or non-live image. If it contained a live image, the Live
Plot dialog box is displayed so that you can choose when to capture data from the
image: see Choosing when to capture the data (page 251) for details. If the active
Image window did not contain a live image, the Select Files to Plot dialog box is
displayed so that you can choose a group of files to be used for the plot: see
Compiling a plot from a group of image files (page 258) for details.

*
Once you have selected which tools and temperatures to plot, the Live Plot dialog
box is displayed so that you can choose when the data should be captured:

To choose when to capture data to be plotted:

1 Click on Computer or Camera in the Timing box to choose whether to
base timings on the computer’s internal clock or the time signal from
the camera or VCR.
2 Click on Manual or Timed in the Start box to choose whether to start
capturing data manually or at a specific time.

. "
 *

If you choose Manual, you will start the process of capturing data by
pressing a button in the Capturing Plot Info. dialog box displayed
when you close the Live Plot dialog box.
If you choose Timed, enter the time you want to start capturing data in
the Start Time box (see the section following these instructions for the
format to use).
Note: The time you set is the actual time, not a delay from the current time.
However, if you are using a signal from a video recorder and have set
Camera timing, the time used will be the time the recording was made, as
displayed in the Image Details window in ThermaScope®. This means that
you can set the start point for capturing data from a recording very precisely.

3 Click on Manual, Timed or Fixed Samples in the End box to choose

whether to finish capturing data manually, after a specific time or after
capturing a set number of samples.
If you choose Manual, you will finish the process of capturing data by
pressing a button in the Capturing Plot Info. dialog box displayed
when you close the Live Plot dialog box.
If you choose Timed, enter the length of time for which you want to
capture data in the Duration box (see the section following these
instructions for the format to use). This means that you can capture data
for up to 24 hours, subject to a maximum of 2,000 data points.
If you choose Fixed Samples, enter the number of data points that you
want to capture in the Count box. The maximum number of data points
is 2,000.
4 The Cycle check box is ungrayed if you choose Timed or Fixed
Samples in the End box without Live Graphic Update.
Check Cycle if you want data capture to continue when the Duration or
Count that you have set has been completed. The new data will replace
the earliest data captured until you press a button in the Capturing Plot
Info. dialog box. You will have a choice between stopping data capture
immediately, continuing for half a cycle or continuing for a complete
cycle: see Finishing data capture (page 255) for more details.
Leave Cycle unchecked if you want data capture to stop when the set
Duration or Count has been completed.

" .
 .

5 Click on Fastest in the Capture Rate box if you want data captured at
the maximum rate. If all the tools selected for plotting are spots and/or
differencers between spots, the fastest rate is every field, which is the
maximum rate at which the data read by the camera can change. If the
selected tools include any other tools, the fastest rate is every second.
The Field radio button is ungrayed if you have only selected spots
and/or differencers between spots for plotting. Click on Field and enter
a number in the Interval box to set how often data should be captured.
For example, enter 10 if you want to capture data from every tenth field.
Click on Timed and enter the time (see the section following these
instructions for the format to use) between data capture points.
Note: The maximum number of data points captured for each tool is 2,000. You
will be warned if you try to set a long timed Duration and a fast Capture
Rate that would mean that more than 2,000 points would be captured before
the Duration has elapsed.

6 Check Live Graphic Update if you want to view the plot as the data is
captured. (Live Graphic Update is grayed if the Capture Rate is set in
terms of fields, ie by setting Field or Fastest when all the tools are
spots).
7 Press OK to display the Capturing Plot Info. dialog box, so that you
can start capturing data. This is described in the following section.

6 - . * %=

Times in the Live Plot dialog box should be entered in the format H:M:S where:

H is the hours. A figure for the hours is optional, but where it is given it should be
an integer from 0 through 23. If you wish, you can give the figure a leading zero.
You should omit the following colon if you do not give a figure.

M is the minutes. A figure for the minutes is optional unless you give a figure for
hours, but where it is given it should be an integer from 0 through 59. If you wish,
you can give the figure a leading zero. You should omit the following colon if you
do not give a figure.

S is the seconds. You must give a figure for the seconds. The figure can be a real
number with the decimal part giving fractions of a second. If you wish, you can give
the number a leading zero.

. "
 *

The following examples are all valid time values:

01:01:01.100 1 hour 1 minute and 1.1 seconds
1:1:1.1 1 hour 1 minute and 1.1 seconds
01:01.100 1 minute and 1.1 seconds
1:01.100 1 minute and 1.1 seconds
1.1 1.1 seconds
0.500 0.5 seconds

*
Once you have used the Live Plot dialog box to set when to capture the data, the
Capturing Plot Info. dialog box is displayed so that you can start capturing the
data:

This dialog box is displayed throughout the capture process and is used to control it.
However, the appearance of the dialog box depends on what selections you made in
the Live Plot dialog box and on what stage the capture process has reached (in
particular, which buttons are grayed and ungrayed, and the message below the
buttons varies for different selections and at different stages). For example, the
picture above shows the dialog box before data capture has begun when Manual
start and end have been selected and with data captured every second.

If you selected manual data capture, a dialog box similar to that shown in the picture
above will be displayed.

To start data capture manually:

Press Start.

" .
 .

If you selected Timed data capture, a dialog box showing a countdown to the
beginning of data capture is displayed:

Note that if you have selected a Timed start using Camera timing, you will be
warned if there is no timing signal from the camera:

For example, you will see this message if you are using a video source but have not
started the tape playing yet. Starting the tape will clear the message and begin the
countdown.

Whichever method you have selected for starting data capture, if you change your
mind about producing a plot, press Abort to return to the main ThermaScope®
window.

6 *

Once you have started data capture, either manually or through a timed start, the
Capturing Plot Info. dialog box changes to reflect the selection you made for
ending data capture. Furthermore, if you selected Live Graphic Update, Plot will
be started up and the data plotted in a Plot window as it is captured. Full details of
Plot are given in the next two chapters, but you should note that some Plot
commands are unavailable during live graphic update – see Menus, page 268, for
information on whether a command is grayed during live graphic update.

Whatever selection you may have made in the Live Plot dialog box for ending data
capture, there is always one additional method available. This is to use Abort.

. ""
 *

To override the settings made in the Live Plot dialog box and stop data capture at
any time:
1 Press Abort.
You will then be given the option of retaining or throwing away the data
that has already been captured:

2 Press Yes to keep the data already captured and to view it in Plot (see
Viewing a plot – the Plot program, page 261, for more details); press
No to discard the data and return to the main ThermaScope® window.
If you selected Manual completion of data capture, the Stop Now button on the
Capturing Plot Info. dialog box is ungrayed:

To stop data capture manually:

Press Stop Now. The dialog box will be closed and Plot opened with the
captured data plotted in a Plot window: see Viewing a plot – the Plot
program, page 261, for more details.

If you have set Timed or Fixed Samples for data capture, and have left Cycle
unchecked, the dialog box will count down until all the data has been captured:

"$ .
 .

When the countdown is completed, the dialog box will be closed and Plot opened
with the captured data plotted in a Plot window: see Viewing a plot – the Plot
program, page 261, for more details.

If you checked Cycle for either a Timed or Fixed Samples setting, the data will
continue to be captured until you stop the capture using one of the Stop buttons,
which will all be ungrayed:

• Press Stop Now to stop capturing data immediately. Data for a period equal to
the length of a complete cycle (assuming at least one cycle has been completed)
up to the current time will be plotted.
• Press Stop Middle to store data for the period of time equal to half a cycle
before pressing the button and continue capturing data for a further half cycle
before stopping.
• Press Stop End to begin storing data and continue capturing data for a period
equal to the length of a complete cycle.

See the following section for examples of when to use the different buttons.

When data capture is completed, the dialog box will be closed and Plot opened with
the captured data plotted in a Plot window: see Viewing a plot – the Plot program,
page 261, for more details.

The ability to capture data cyclically is very useful when you are capturing rapidly
or unpredictably occurring data. The choice of which Stop button to use depends on
the circumstances. For example, suppose you have set an interval of 1 second and a
total of 60 samples.
If you are sure that the thermal event you are trying to capture is complete, you
would press Stop Now to store data for the 60 samples before pressing the button.

. "&
 *

If the event has already started, but has not yet finished, you would press Stop
Middle to store the previous 30 seconds together with the following 30 seconds of
data.

If you know that the event is just about to start, you would press Stop End to
capture data for the following 60 seconds.

The instructions so far have concentrated on using Plot Tool and Plot Tools to
capture data from a live image, but you can also use them to compile plots from
image files that already exist, using the time when the image was captured for the
time axis of the plot.

This facility is particularly useful when used in conjunction with the Timed Save
command available in ThermaScope®’s File menu, but it can also be used to plot
trends in images taken by a camera over an extended period of time, such as images
used for condition monitoring and predictive maintenance. In this case, you will
probably want to use the PosiTrak® tool in ThermaScope® to align the image so that
the measurements are always taken from the same place: see your ThermaScope®
documentation for more details.

When Plot compiles a plot from a group of images, it uses the tool identifier of a
tool selected from the active Image window. This tool identifier is used internally by
the program, but you can tell what it is as it is also used for the default label for a
tool when it is created – changing the tool label does not change the tool identifier.
You can use the tool defined on the active Image window to take measurements
from all the images, or use tools defined on individual images that have the same
tool identifier as the tool selected from the active Image window. This means that if
you want to compile a plot from a group of images using tools defined on the
individual images, there should be tools with the same tool identifier on each of the
images and in the active Image window. However, if you include any files that do
not have a tool with the selected tool identifier, you can choose how such files
should be treated.
To compile a plot from a group of files:
1 Open one of the images you want to include in the plot, make it the
active Image window and define the analysis tool(s) you want to plot.
2 Select the tools you want to plot using Plot Tool or Plot Tools as
described in Selecting tools to plot earlier in this chapter. The Select

"' .
 .

Files To Plot dialog box is then displayed (instead of the Live Plot
dialog box):

Note: The image in the active Image window is automatically included as one of
the group selected for the plot, so you do not need to select it in the dialog
box.

Apart from the title, this is identical to the File Open dialog box
displayed by the Open command in ThermaScope®. Use it to select the
group of files you want to include in the plot.
To select a number of files listed next to each other in the scroll box:
Hold down 2 6 and click on the first file in the range, then hold down
1
26 and click on the last file in the range.
1
To add (or remove) a single file to (from) the currently selected files:
Hold down and click on the file.
Consult your documentation for ThermaScope® if you need further
instructions.
3 Select the files you want to plot from the Select Files To Plot dialog
box and press Open.
When you press Open in the Select Files To Plot dialog, the Multiple
Image Plot dialog box is displayed:

. ",
 *

4 Click on Main Image to use tools defined in the active Image window,
or
Click on Individual Images to use tools defined in the individual
image files and:
Click on Skip Image if you want to ignore files that do not
have the selected tools defined for the image,
or
Click on Use tool from main image to use the tool defined in
the active Image window for an individual file that does not
have that tool.
5 Press OK to begin compiling the plot. A dialog box shows how
compilation of the plot is progressing:

6 If you change your mind, press Abort to stop processing the images;
otherwise, once all the data for the plot has been collected, the dialog
box will be closed and Plot opened with the data plotted in a Plot
window: see Viewing a plot – the Plot program, page 261, for more
details.

$4 .
 .

: B .

This chapter describes Plot, beginning with how to start it, followed by a description
of the program’s main window, the Toolbar and Plot windows. The Plot windows
section gives an overview of how Plot commands are used: see Menus, page 268,
for a detailed description of each command.

.
There are a several ways of starting the Plot program:
• When you use Plot Tool or Plot Tools in ThermaScope®, Plot opens
automatically to display the plot in a Plot window. If you have checked Live
Graphic Update in the Live Plot dialog box, it opens as soon as you begin to
capture data, otherwise it waits until all the data has been captured.
• You can open Plot to reload files previously saved from Plot without capturing
new data. You can do this by choosing Plot from the
Programs→ →Thermoteknix submenu in the menu displayed when you click on
Start in the Windows Task Bar or by using the Open Plot File in the
Modules→Plot submenu in ThermaScope®.
• Finally, as Plot supports OLE 2, you can link or embed a plot in a document
belonging to some other application, such as Microsoft Word. Double-clicking
on the plot will then open the Plot program so that you can edit it.

. $
: B .

The main window contains a menu bar, a Toolbar and a number of Plot windows.
Each of the menus is described in turn in the following chapter. The next section in
this chapter summarizes how to use tools in the Toolbar as shortcuts to the menu
commands, and the section after that describes Plot windows and provides an
overview of many of the menu commands.

The tools in the Toolbar provide shortcuts for carrying out commonly used menu
commands. This section gives only a brief description of what each tool does; for
full details consult the Menus chapter.

$ .
 .

The new button creates a new empty Plot window so that you can paste
a plot copied from another window using Paste in the Edit menu. You
may want to do this if you want to extrapolate part of a plot only: see
Copy (page 277), Paste (page 278) and Time Span (page 279) in the
Edit menu and Create (page 282) in the Extrapolate menu for full
details.

The new button is grayed unless a plot has already been copied to the clipboard
using Copy in the Edit menu.

Pressing the new button is equivalent to choosing New from the File menu.

The open button displays a standard Windows open dialog box so that
you can open a previously saved plot in a new Plot window.

Pressing the open button is equivalent to choosing Open from the File menu.

The save button saves the contents of the selected Plot window to a file.

If the plot has already been saved to a file, pressing the save button is equivalent to
choosing Save from the File menu; otherwise it is equivalent to choosing Save As.

The print button prints the contents of the selected Plot window.

Pressing the print button is equivalent to choosing Print from the File menu.

The copy button copies the contents of the selected Plot window to the
Windows clipboard.

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: B .

Pressing the copy button is equivalent to choosing Copy from the Edit menu.

The temperature span button displays the Temperature Span dialog

box so that you can adjust the minimum and maximum values on the
temperature axis of the selected Plot window.

Pressing the temperature span button is equivalent to choosing Temperature Span

from the Edit menu.

The time span button displays the Time Span dialog box so that you
can adjust the minimum and maximum values on the time axis of the
selected Plot window.

Pressing the time span button is equivalent to choosing Time Span from the Edit
menu.

The reset spans button returns the minimum and maximum values on
the time and temperature axes of the selected Plot window to their
original values.

The reset spans button is grayed unless the temperature or time span has been
changed using Temperature Span or Time Span.

Pressing the reset spans button is equivalent to choosing Reset Spans from the Edit
menu.

The select lines button displays the Line Selection dialog box so that
you can select which lines should be displayed in the selected Plot
window.

$ .
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The select lines button is grayed if the plot only contains one line.

Pressing the select lines button is equivalent to choosing Select Lines from the Edit
menu.

8
=

The create extrapolation button displays the Extrapolate dialog box so

that you can choose how lines in the selected Plot window should be
extrapolated.

The create extrapolation button is grayed if the plot has already been extrapolated.

Pressing the create extrapolation button is equivalent to choosing Create from the
Extrapolate menu.

# 8
=

The delete extrapolation button removes the extrapolation from the

selected Plot window.

The delete extrapolation button is grayed if the plot does not have an extrapolation.
Pressing the delete extrapolation button is equivalent to choosing Delete from the
Extrapolate menu.

)
%

The about button displays information about the version of Plot you are
using.

Pressing the about button is equivalent to choosing About Plot from the Help menu.

= - 2

The context-sensitive help button changes the pointer to a Help pointer

and displays the Help page from the Plot on-line Help system for the
command, or for the window region selected with the pointer.

. $"
: B .

Pressing the context-sensitive help button is equivalent to pressing 6 while holding

down 2 6.
1

. *
Plot windows are used to display charts created by ThermaScope®’s plot commands
or loaded from files previously saved from Plot.

Plot windows are standard Windows document windows. They can be closed,
minimized, maximized, restored, dragged and resized in the usual way (when Plot
windows are resized the plots are rescaled so that they fill the window).

The title at the top of the window shows the ThermaScope® image and tool plotted.
The time axis shows time elapsed from the beginning of the plot.

If you click on the chart, a cursor appears as a vertical line. The temperature at the
cursor is shown to the right of the chart (if there is more than one line, the
temperature of each line at the cursor is shown with a color key). If you drag the
cursor, the cursor’s position and the temperature it measures are shown in the status
bar.

When you are not dragging the cursor, the status bar shows the start and end times of
the plot (the actual times are given rather than times relative to the start of the plot),
the cursor position and the number of data points.
Note: If the duration shown on a plot is greater than 24 hours, the plot axis will
show days as well hours etc, but the status bar will only show dates and not
the times.

$$ .
 .

!/
The Plot program has a range of commands for manipulating the plots displayed in
Plot windows. All the commands are described fully in the Menus chapter; this
section gives a brief overview of the most important operations to help you find
where to look in the Menus chapter for further information.

After you have created a plot, you can save it in a file so that you can use it later.
Save and Save As in the File menu allow you to save plots and Open allows you to
open them again. Save As ASCII saves the data from a plot in a form that you can
load into another program, such as a spreadsheet, for further processing. The File
menu also has commands for previewing, printing and controlling the way the plot is
printed.

Temperature Span and Time Span in the Edit menu allow you to set the axes of
the plot, and Select Lines allows you to choose which lines to display in the plot.

Create in the Extrapolate menu allows you to extrapolate the data to a given time
or temperature.

Copy in the Edit menu copies the data displayed in a Plot window to the clipboard.
You can then paste the plot into other documents. Because Plot supports OLE 2, you
can link or embed the plot so that it can still be edited in Plot at a later stage. You
can also use Paste to paste the plot into another (or the same) Plot window. The
advantage of this is that Copy only copies the data displayed, ignoring undisplayed
lines and times outside the selected time span, so after pasting you can extrapolate a
restricted set of data.

Commands in the View menu allow you to choose whether to display the plot as a
line chart, with a linear or logarithmic temperature scale, or to plot the data as a
scatter or tape chart.

. $&
 . % 0

.
To plot data from a single tool in the active ThermaScope® Image Window:
1 If the tool is not already selected, click on it in the Image window or
select it in the Tool List.
2 Choose Plot Tool from the Plot submenu in the Modules menu. If the
selected tool is a spot or a differencer between two spots, the Live Plot
dialog box is displayed, otherwise the Plot Temperature Selection
dialog box is displayed.

Full details of how to use these dialog boxes are given in Capturing the data for a
plot, page 248.

.
To plot data from several tools in the active ThermaScope® Image Window:
Choose Plot Tools from the Plot submenu in the Modules menu to
display the Plot Multiple Tools dialog box to select which tools to plot.

Full details of how to use this dialog box are given in Capturing the data for a plot,
page 248.

$' .
 .

+ . 6
To open a plot file that has already been saved from Plot:
Choose Open Plot File from the Plot submenu in the Modules menu to
display the Open Plot File dialog box.

This is a standard Windows open dialog box: if you need more information on how
to use it, see the entry for Open in the Plot File menu.

5
To create a new empty Plot window:

Choose New from the File menu.

A new Plot window will be opened. As it does not yet contain a plot, several of
Plot’s commands do not apply and are grayed.

The reason for opening an empty Plot window is so that you can paste a plot copied
from another window, and the main reason for doing this is so that you can
extrapolate a selected range of the plot: see Copy (page 277), Paste (page 278) and
Time Span (page 279) in the Edit menu and Create (page 282) in the Extrapolate
menu for full details.

. $,
As the only use for an empty Plot window is to receive a plot pasted from the
clipboard, New is grayed unless a plot has already been copied to the clipboard
using Copy in the Edit menu.

+
You can open a previously saved plot in four ways:
• Choose Open from the File menu.

• Choose Open Plot File from the Modules→Plot submenu in

ThermaScope®.
• Use drag and drop by dragging plot files from Windows Explorer into
Plot’s main window. A Plot window is opened automatically for each of
the files.
• Reopen a file recently open in Plot by choosing the name of the file from
the list at the bottom of the File menu.

The first two of these display a standard Windows open dialog box called Open in
the first case and Open Plot File in the second:

1 Select the drive and directory holding the file you want to open from the
Look in drop-down list box.
2 Enter the name of the file into the File name box or select the file from
the scroll box above it.

&4 .
 .

3 Press Open to open a new Plot window containing the selected plot.

Any settings you made before saving the plot, such as temperature or time spans, are
retained when you open the plot.

To close the active Plot window:

1 Choose Close from the File menu.
or
Click on the close box at the top left-right corner of the Plot window.
If you have not already saved the plot or if you have made any changes
to the settings (such as temperature or time spans) since you last saved
it, you will be asked if you want to save the plot:

2 Press Yes to save the plot and any settings. If you have not previously
saved the plot, you will be asked to give a filename: see Save As in the
File menu (page 272) for details.
Press No to close the Image window without saving the image. Press
Cancel to leave the Image window (and image) open and unsaved.

-
To save the image in the active Plot window:

Choose Save from the File menu.

If the image has not been saved previously, this command will behave as if you had
selected Save As.
This command is grayed for a Plot window showing ‘live graphic update’.

. &
 - )
To use a new filename to save the plot in the active Plot window:
1 Choose Save As from the File menu to display the Save As dialog box:

This is a standard Windows save as dialog box.

2 Use the Save in drop-down list box to select the drive and directory for
saving the plot.
3 Enter a name for the file in the File Name box.
4 Press Save to save the plot in the selected directory using the name you
have given.

The plot will be saved with any settings such as temperature or time spans.

This command is grayed for a Plot window showing ‘live graphic update’.

- ))1
1
To save the plot data as an ASCII file:
1 Choose Save As ASCII from the File menu to display a standard
Windows Save As dialog box:

& .
 .

2 See Save As (page 272) for details of how to use this dialog box.

The file consists of a header identifying the image and tool plotted, and the
temperature units. This is followed by a tab-separated array with the date and time
the data was captured in the first two columns and the temperature measured by each
tool in the following columns.

For example:
Image 1:
Temperatures in °C
Date Time Spot 1 Spot 2
05/06/95 12:05:00.000 25.6 34.7
05/06/95 12:05:01.000 25.9 42.2
05/06/95 12:05:02.000 28.3 48.3
05/06/95 12:05:03.000 32.9 53.9
If you have created an extrapolation, the saved data will contain the extrapolated
point: see Create in the Extrapolate menu (page 282).

This command is grayed for a Plot window showing ‘live graphic update’.

. &
.
To print the contents of the active Plot window:

Choose Print from the File menu to display the Print dialog box. This
is a standard Windows dialog box but the details of what settings you
can make from it depend on what printer you are using: see the
documentation for your printer for more information.

You can change the title printed with the image using Print Title in the File menu.
You can choose another printer or change the way your printer is set up using Print
Setup in the File menu. Finally, you can see how your printout will appear before
printing it using Print Preview in the File menu.

This command is grayed for a Plot window showing ‘live graphic update’.

. .-
To see how an image and associated data will appear when it is printed:
Choose Print Preview from the File menu to display the print preview
window.

This window shows the page containing the plot as it will be printed.

The whole page is shown when the preview window is first displayed. If this means
the text size is too small to be displayed clearly, it will be greeked (characters
replaced by a few strokes), so although you will not be able to read the text, you will
be able to see the general layout.
A row of buttons at the top of the window allows you to control the way the window
displays the preview:

1 Press Print to print the plot.

2 The plot always occupies a single page, so Next Page has no effect.
3 The plot always occupies a single page, so Prev Page is permanently
grayed.

& .
 .

4 Press Two Page to view two pages side-by-side at the same time. Since
the plot always occupies a single page only, the second page is always
blank. The button changes to One Page when you are in two page mode
so that you can change back to viewing one page at a time.
5 Press Zoom In for a magnified view of the previewed page. When you
move the pointer over the page in the preview window it changes to a
magnifier and clicking on the page has the same effect as pressing
Zoom In, unless the page is already at maximum magnification, when it
displays the page at minimum magnification.
6 Press Zoom Out to return to a less magnified view of the previewed
page.
7 Press Close to close the print preview window and return to the main
window.

This command is grayed for a Plot window showing ‘live graphic update’.

.
To enter or change the title printed with plots:
1 Choose Print Title from the File menu to display the Print Title dialog
box:

2 In the Title box, type the text you want to appear above the plot when it
is printed.

. &"
 3 If you want to change the font used to print the title, press Font to
display the Font dialog box:

The Sample box shows the effect of selecting different fonts, styles etc.
4 Select the typeface you want to use from the Font scroll box.
5 Select the style you want to use from the Font Style scroll box.
6 Select the type size you want to use from the Size scroll box.
7 Check Strikeout if you want a horizontal line drawn through the text.
8 Check Underline if you want a horizontal line drawn under the text.
9 Select a color for the text from the Color drop-down list box.
10 Press OK to return to the Print Title dialog box with the newly selected
font.
11 Press OK in the Print Title dialog box to return to the main window
with your new print title setting.

.
To select a different printer or change the way your current printer is set up:
Choose Print Setup from the File menu to display a standard Windows
Print Setup dialog box.

&$ .
 .

This dialog box allows you to select a different printer, change the orientation of the
printing on the paper, and the size and source of the paper used for printing. The
latter two options will depend on the printer you have selected. You can also change
the details of how the printer is set up by pressing Options. This will display a
dialog box dealing with the specific properties and features of the selected printer:
see your printer’s documentation for details.

*
The names of files recently open in Plot are listed near the bottom of the File menu.

To open a file recently open in Plot:

Choose the name of the file from the File menu.

8
=
To close Plot.
Choose Exit from the file from the File menu.

If there are any open Plot windows with unsaved plots, you will be asked if you
want to save them: see Close in the File menu (page 271) for details.

8
*

To copy the plot in the active Plot window to the Windows clipboard:

Choose Copy from the Edit menu.

The command only copies data for what is displayed in the Plot window. Thus, if
you use Time Span from the Edit menu to change the range of the time axis and

. &&
then copy the plot and paste it into another Plot window (for example an empty
window created using New), data outside the selected time range cannot be
displayed in the new plot. This is useful if you want to use Create in the
Extrapolate menu to extrapolate the data in this range only.
Similarly, if you use Select Lines in the Edit menu to prevent some lines being
displayed, they will not be copied: if you paste into another Plot window, they will
not appear in the dialog box if you use Select Lines.

You can also paste a plot copied onto the clipboard into a document in another
application. For example, you can paste the plot into a spreadsheet for further data
manipulation or a report written in a word processor. Plot supports Microsoft’s OLE
2 standard for linking and embedding, so you will still be able to edit the plot after
you have pasted it into another document: see your Windows and ThermaScope®
documentation for more information about linking and embedding. You can also
paste the plot without using linking or embedding.

When you are pasting into another application, you can paste the plot as a picture or
paste the plot data in textual form. The format when pasting as text is the same as
that used by Save As ASCII: see page 272 for details. If you have used Create in
the Extrapolate menu to extrapolate the plot, the copied data will contain the
extrapolated point.

This command is grayed for a Plot window showing ‘live graphic update’.

.
To paste a plot copied to the Windows clipboard using Copy into the active Plot
window:
1 Choose Paste from the Edit menu. You will be warned if the window
already contains a plot:

2 Press Yes to confirm that you want to paste the plot over the existing
chart; press No if you have changed your mind.

&' .
 .

When you paste a plot into a Plot window, it will be displayed using the style (line,
scatter or tape) of the window you are pasting in to even if the original was
displayed in some other way, though you can always change the style later (see the
View menu, page 286). However, only the lines and time span displayed when the
original was copied will be pasted, so any other lines and data outside the selected
span will be lost. This is particularly useful if you want to extrapolate a portion of
the data only: see Copy (page 277) and Time Span (page 279) in the Edit menu and
Create (page 282) in the Extrapolate menu for full details.

This command is grayed for a Plot window showing ‘live graphic update’.

To change the range of the temperature axis:

1 Choose Temperature Span from the Edit menu to display the

Temperature Span dialog box:

(The temperature units used are fixed by the setting in ThermaScope®

when the data was captured.)
2 Enter new maximum and minimum temperatures in the Max. and Min.
boxes, or press Reset to restore the original values.
3 Press OK to confirm the changes.

This command is grayed for a Plot window showing ‘live graphic update’.

To change the range of the time axis:

1 Choose Time Span from the Edit menu to display the Time Span
dialog box:

. &,
 2 Enter new maximum and minimum times (using the format below) in
the From and To boxes, or press Reset to restore the original values.
3 Press OK to confirm the changes.

When you copy a plot using Copy in the Edit menu, only data between the From
and To times is copied. This is particularly useful if you want to make an
extrapolation from a limited range of data: see Create in the Extrapolate menu
(page 282) for more details.

In this (and the Extrapolate) dialog box, time should be shown in the format D
H:M:S, where:

D is the days. A figure for the days is optional, but where it is given it should be an
integer and must be followed by a space, even if you do not want to specify the
hours, minutes or seconds.

H is the hours. A figure for the hours is optional unless you give figures for both
days and minutes, but where it is given it should be an integer from 0 through 23. If
you wish, you can give the figure a leading zero.
M is the minutes. A figure for the minutes is optional unless you give figures for
both hours and seconds, but where it is given it should be an integer from 0 through
59. If you wish, you can give the figure a leading zero.

S is the seconds. A figure for the seconds is optional if you have given figures for
days, hours and minutes, otherwise you must give a figure for the seconds. The
figure can be a real number with the decimal part giving fractions of a second. If you
wish, you can give the number a leading zero.

The space between the days and hours should be omitted if no figure is given for
days, but must be inserted if there is a figure for days, even if you do not want to
specify the hours, minutes or seconds (an integer without a following space will be
interpreted as seconds).

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The colon between the hours and minutes should be omitted if either figure is not
given. Similarly, the colon between the minutes and seconds should be omitted if
either figure is not given.

The following examples are all valid time values:

01:01:01.100 1 hour 1 minute and 1.1 seconds
1:1:1.1 1 hour 1 minute and 1.1 seconds
01:01.100 1 minute and 1.1 seconds
1:01.100 1 minute and 1.1 seconds
1.1 1.1 seconds
0.500 0.5 seconds
1 01:01:01.100 1 Day 1 hour 1 minute and 1.1 seconds
11 1 Day 1 hour
Note: Remember that if you just enter an integer without a space it will be
interpreted as a number of seconds, but if you add a following space it will be
interpreted as a number of days.

This command is grayed for a Plot window showing ‘live graphic update’.

To restore the temperature and time spans to their original settings after they have
been changed using Temperature Span or Time Span:

Choose Reset Spans from the Edit menu.

Plot allows you to display data for several tools on the same chart, or if you have
selected a single tool (other than a spot or differencer between spots) you can
capture and display minimum, mean and maximum temperatures.

To select which lines to display:

1 Choose Select Lines from the Edit menu to display the Line Selection
dialog box:

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 2 Press Select All to select all of the lines, Deselect All to deselect all of
the lines.
To select a single line:
Click on it in the Line Selector list box.
To select several lines listed next to each other in the Line Selector list
box:
Click on the first line in the range, then hold down 2
16 and click on
the last line in the range.
To add another line to the list of selected lines:
Hold down and click on the line.
3 Press OK to confirm the selection.

When you copy a plot using Copy in the Edit menu, only data from the currently
displayed lines is copied.

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This command is grayed if the plot has already been extrapolated. If you want to
create a different extrapolation, use Delete in the Extrapolate menu to remove the
old one first.

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Once you have created a plot, you can extrapolate it to future (or past) times or to
the point at which a specific temperature will be reached (or was reached in the
past). An example of the use of extrapolations is to predict when a component will
fail.
When Plot makes an extrapolation of the data in a plot it uses all of the data, not just
the currently displayed data. This means that if the temperature in a plot only begins
to change after an initial constant period, to make a reliable extrapolation, you
should first:
1 Choose Temperature Span from the Edit menu to restrict the
temperature span to the region where the temperature is changing.
2 Choose Copy from the Edit menu to copy the restricted plot to the
Windows clipboard.
3 Choose New from the File menu to open an empty Plot window (unless
you want to overwrite the original plot).
4 Choose Paste from the Edit menu to paste the restricted plot into the
new Plot window.

To extrapolate the data in the active plot window:

1 Choose Create from the Extrapolate menu to display the Extrapolate

dialog box:

The Series box lists all of the lines selected for display in the Plot
window.
2 Select the line on which to base the extrapolation from the Series box.
In fact, all the lines will be extrapolated (including those not displayed)
and if you are extrapolating to a set time rather than temperature, the

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 choice of line has no effect. However, if you are extrapolating to a fixed
temperature, the extrapolation is performed until the selected line
reaches the temperature set.
3 Click on To Temp or To Time to choose whether to extrapolate to a
fixed temperature or time, and enter the required temperature or time
(see Time Span in the Edit menu, page 279, for the format to use) in
the appropriate data box.
4 Click on Linear or Exponential to choose how the extrapolation should
be performed.
5 Press OK to perform the extrapolation.

The Plot window will be redisplayed with the charts extrapolated and the cursor at
the extrapolation point so that the cursor readouts show the extrapolated values.

The first example shows a linear extrapolation of a plot to 50°C:

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The following example shows the same plot with an exponential extrapolation to
50°C:

Note that if you move the cursor, a dashed line remains showing the extrapolation
point:

The chart is shown with the full temperature range, even if you have used
Temperature Span in the Edit menu to set a restricted range for this Plot window
before performing the extrapolation. If the plot contains more than one line, all the
lines are extrapolated, including those not currently displayed, so if you reselect the
undisplayed lines using Select Lines in the Edit menu, they will be displayed with
appropriate extrapolations.

This command is grayed for a Plot window showing ‘live graphic update’.

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This command is grayed unless the plot in the active Plot window has already been
extrapolated.

To remove the extrapolation from the plot in the active Plot window:

Choose Delete from the Extrapolate menu.

This command is grayed for a Plot window showing ‘live graphic update’.

%
To choose whether to display the Toolbar at the top of the window:
Choose Toolbar from the View menu.
Toolbar is checked in the menu when the Toolbar is displayed.

*
To choose whether to display grid lines on the plot:
Choose Grid Lines from the View menu to display the Grid Settings
dialog box:

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1 Choose to display horizontal or vertical grid lines (or both), and to

display them as solid or dotted lines.
2 Press OK to close the dialog box and display the grid lines you have
chosen.

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To choose whether to display the status bar at the bottom of the main window:
Choose Status Bar from the View menu.

Status Bar is checked in the menu when the status bar is displayed.

To display the plot data as a line chart:

Choose Line Chart from the View menu.

This is the default style for plotting the data.

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To plot the temperature data on a logarithmic scale against the time on a linear scale:

Choose Log/Linear Chart from the View menu:

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To display the plot data as a scatter chart:

Choose Scatter Chart from the View menu:

To display the plot data as a tape chart:

Choose Tape Chart from the View menu:

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To resize and arrange the open (non-minimized) Plot windows so that they are
overlapping with their title bars visible:
Choose Cascade from the Window menu.

To resize and arrange the open (non-minimized) Plot windows so that they are non-
overlapping:
Choose Tile from the Window menu.

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To tidy up the icons representing minimized Plot windows:
Choose Arrange Icons from the Window menu.

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The Plot windows open in Plot are listed at the bottom of the Window menu with a
check against the active window.

To change the active window, either:

Choose the name of the plot from the list at the bottom of the Window
menu, or
Click in the window.

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To display a table of contents for the on-line help system:
Choose Index from the Help menu.

2
To display information giving help on using the on-line help system:
Choose Using Help from the Help menu.

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To display system information and information about this version of Plot:

Choose About Plot from the Help menu.

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