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System
Design
The system basically uses diesel engine, alternator, rectifier, d.c. link,
invertor(s) and asynchronous motors. The alternator is directly coupled to the
diesel engine. The frequency of the alternator output varies with the speed of
diesel engine. The voltage is rectified and the power is fed through a d.c. link
to the invertor of the tractive system. Drive system uses asynchronous
motors. Asynchronous motor when used on railway vehicle has to be
supplied variable alternating voltage of variable frequency (VVVF). This is
accomplished by the invertor the input to which is d.c. voltage through d.c.
link. All AC-AC diesel locomotives employ this principle. The number of
invertors and the size of the alternator depends on the amount of energy to be
converted.
G = M
3~ 3~ 3~
The electronic control system ensures that the correct control inputs
are given to the invertor. It also controls and monitors the diesel engine, the
alternator and the other auxiliaries of the locomotive. It is the central control
unit which ensures that the locomotive operates optimally.
14.2 Main Alternator and Companion Alternator
STS CORE
STACKS
AIR FLOW
COMPANION ALTERNATOR
RECTIFI
ER
ALTER
NATOR MAIN WINDING
14.3 Rectifier
The only winding fed with voltage in the asynchronous motor is housed
in stator. To prevent hot-spot developing in winding overhang, it is directly
ventilated. The winding is impregnated under vacuum. There are no exposed
metallic parts, so that excellent protection is assured. The rotor is squirrel
type, i.e. it consists of un-insulated copper bars joint to sturdy short-circuiting
rings. There is no commutator, sliprings, Brushgear or anything similar.
Electrical cabinet number two and three are smaller cabinets than the
HVC. These cabinets consist of the following components:
Cabinet# 2.
146 EM 2000
The DIO input channels are either +74 VDC or 0 VDC signals
depending upon the relay/contactor status, picked up or dropped out. The
DIO output channels, in turn, depend upon the logic built-up, either +74
or 0 VDC, so as to pickup or drop out the relay/contactor by supplying the
gating power to the field effect transistor.
All the computers on board i.e. EM2000, Sibas 16, electronic brake
computer etc. need communication with each other. The two traction
computers SIBAS 16 communicates to each other and to EM2000. The
link carries all sorts of the information which, inter alia, could be data
ranging from torque requests, feed backs to contactor requests and
acknowledgements to fault annunciation etc.
PSM 300 module for Power supply of +5V DC - the main power supply
for EM2000
PSM310 module for +12VDC -
PSM 320 module for Power supply of +15VDC - for feed back circuits
like hall effect transducer devices & analogue circuits viz. magnetic
speed pickup
PRG300 power regulator is the power conditioner for the PSM modules
and functions properly even with the voltage variation within 20-95
VDC. It regulates the output voltage between 64-77 VDC when the
input voltage is between 25-68VDC. If the input is beyond this range,
there is a variation in the output within the acceptable limit.
+ + +
M
INPUT CONVERTER 3~
+ + +
V O L T. - S O U R C E I N V E R T E R
Uv = 0.78 Ud
GT46MAC locomotive employs mainly the Exxon cables. The cables used on
this locomotive are classified into following categories:
All the cables which are to be laid out on the underframe are performed
with end lugs, connectors, sockets provided. For this purpose there is a
separate section consisting of the wire measuring and cutting table, end
shearing machine for preparing the ends and crimping of the lugs. The
bigger size lugs are made in house using metallic tubes on a lug making
machine, others are bought out from trade.
The cabling on the underframe is done in the belly up position (in the over-
turned position)
The cable layout has been so planned that all the cables are planned to
run on only one side of the underframe i.e. on the left side in the belly up
position looking from the short hood side.
Brackets for the rubber cleats are welded to the underframe before the
laying of cables is started and are located through out the length of the
underframe.
The power cables are laid first followed by the control cables. For the
control wires running between EM2000 and Traction Control Cabinet use
is made of special channel having EMI protection and runs on the top
corner through out the length of U/frame.
The cleats used are of BUNA-N rubber. Special clamps for smaller
diameter cables are used which have a rubber lining to prevent the
damage of insulation of cable due to vibrations and prevention from
grounding.
Splicing of the power cable going into the traction motor is done to avoid
running of large number of cables from TCC and the exposed joints are
covered using heat shrinkable silicon rubber boots.
Cutouts on the underframe are already provided for the cables and no oxy
cutting of the underframe is done at all during the cabling stage.
A separate wire running list as per zone, wire category and wire tag is
prepared and circulated to the shop to give details of wire running from source
to destination. The wire running list is derived from the locomotive schematic
as soon as the same is ready.
The EMD schematic is built around the main block diagram of the
electrical equipment of the locomotive. The schematic is a representation of
the hard wiring along with the connection/termination details of the equipment.
All the computer/microprocessor modules, which control the operation of the
hardware like relays, contactors etc., have been represented as a block. The
logic used by EMD is not known.
All the electrical sub-assemblies like ECCs, control consoles etc. have
been allocated a zone identification. This schematic also explains the various
wiring nomenclature used in the EMD schematic. For locating any item, the
equipment locator chart provided in the schematic can be used which
identifies location based on the zone in which the equipment in question lies
on the locomotive and schematic sheet no. along with the location on the
schematic sheet. Similarly, the circuit for any function like engine cooling
control, engine governor control, traction motor bearing temperature probe
etc. can be located easily in the schematic by using an alphabetical index. In
addition, locator charts based on digital & analogue input/output functions
employed on EM 2000. A chart detailing the location of various switches and
circuit breakers as well as the sequence of operation of main interlock contact
of the switches is also provided in the schematic.
The schematic is very versatile and the category, size and specification
of any wire can be read straightaway from the connecting points. In addition,
details of all plugs and receptacles are also provided clearly indicating the
used & potential free pin numbers. Details of terminal boards are also given
with internal & external connections with locomotive wire numbers.
The schematic can be divided into three strings of control viz. Battery
(i.e. on battery side & past battery knife switch), local control (PA / NA string) &
control (13T/4T string). The schematic shows the interfacing with the inverter
cabinet (TCC1 & TCC2) and other third party.