VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203.

DEPARTMENT OFELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT : EE6404 – MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION
SEM / YEAR: IV/II

UNIT I -INTRODUCTION
Functional elements of an instrument – Static and dynamic characteristics – Errors in
measurement – Statistical evaluation of measurement data – Standards and calibration.
PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. Define gross and random errors. (BTL-1) Remember

2. Illustrate the difference between accuracy and precision. (BTL-3) Apply

3. Describe the measuring lag and fidelity of dynamic characteristics of (BTL-2) Understand
instrument.

4. Give the international standards of measurements. (BTL-2) Understand

5. Define the calibration of an instrument? (BTL-1) Remember

6. Describe the significance of calibration. (BTL-2) Understand

7. Define the term “sensitivity” of an instrument. (BTL-1) Remember

8. The true value of a voltage is 100V. The values indicated by a (BTL-3) Apply
measuring instrument are 104, 103,105,103 and 105V. Calculate
the accuracy and precision of the measurement.

9. List the functional elements of a measuring instrument. (BTL-1) Remember

10. Explain drift? (BTL-4) Analyze

11. Define dynamic characteristics of an instrument. (BTL-1) Remember

12. Compose the different standards of an instrument. (BTL-6) Create

13. Define the static characteristics of an instrument. (BTL-1) Remember

14. Explain absolute error of measurement? (BTL-5) Evaluate

15. Compare Resolution and precision. (BTL-5) Evaluate

16. How are the absolute and relative errors expressed mathematically? (BTL-2) Understand
17. Define limiting error. Derive the expression for relative limiting (BTL-4) Analyze
error.

18. Define linear time invariant and line time invariant systems. (BTL-6) Create
Prepare some examples for the same.

19. Illustrate the significance of measurements. (BTL-3) Apply

20. Compare moving coil with moving iron instruments. (BTL-4) Analyze

PART - B
1. By using a micrometer screw, the following readings were taken of (BTL-6) Create
a certain length:1.34, 1.38, 1.56,1.47,1.42,1.44,1.53,1.48,1.40,1.59
mm. Formulate the necessary equations and calculate the
following:
a. Arithmetic mean
b. Average deviation
c. standard deviation and
d. variance (13)
2. (i) Discuss the different types of standards of measurement. (6) (BTL-2) Understand
(ii)Describe the static and dynamic characteristics of measuring
instruments. (7) (BTL-1) Remember

3. (i) Explain the functional elements of an instrument with a neat (BTL-4) Analyze
block diagram (8)
(ii)Define accuracy and reproducibility of an instrument and (BTL-1) Remember
explain. (5)

4. (i) What are the different types of error? Explain how to eliminate (BTL-4) Analyze
errors in instrument. (8)
(ii)Describe primary and secondary standards in instruments. (5) (BTL-1) Remember

5. Describe the functional elements of an instrument with the block (BTL-1) Remember
diagram and draw the static and dynamic characteristics. (13)

6. A circuit was tuned for resonance by eight different students and (BTL-3) Apply
the value of resonant frequency in kHz were recorded as
532,548,543,535,546,531,543 and 536 calculate
a. Arithmetic mean
b. Deviation
c. standard deviation
d. average deviation (13)

7. Describe about various methods of Calibration and explain with (BTL-1) Remember
suitable example (13)
8. (i) Describe the various modes of statistical evaluation of (BTL-1) Remember
Measurement data. (7)
(BTL-2) Understand
(ii)Discuss in detail about calibration (6)
9. (i)Explain any four static characteristics of
measuring (BTL-5) Evaluate
instruments. (7)
(BTL-4) Analyze
(ii) How are errors classified? Explain systematic error. (6)

10. (i) Explain the classification of standards in detail. (6) (BTL-5) Evaluate
(ii) How are histogram and arithmetic mean helpful in the
statistical analysis of data? (7) (BTL-4) Analyze

11. (i) Discuss the different types of standards and errors of (BTL-2) Understand
Measurements. (7)

(ii) Discuss the significance of calibration. (6)

(BTL-2) Understand

12. Discuss in detail the types of errors and sources of errors in (BTL-2) Understand
measurement techniques. (13)

13. In a test, temperature is measured 100 times with variations in (BTL-3) Apply
apparatus and procedures. After applying the correction, the results
are:

TempºC 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405

Frequency 1 3 12 23 37 16 4 2 2
of
occurrence
Calculate.
(i) Arithmetic mean
(ii) Mean deviation
(iii) Standard deviation (13)
14. A set of ten readings were recorded while measuring the stator (BTL-3) Apply
temperature of an electric machine .The readings were 52.4, 55.1,
56, 55.4, 57, 54, 53.7, 51.7, 54.9, 53.7 degree Celsius. Calculate:
(i) The Standard deviation
(ii) The probable error of one reading and
(iii) The probable error of mean. (13)
PART - C

1. Draw and explain the block diagram of generalized instrumentation (BTL-6) Create
System. (15)

2. What are the different inputs for studying the dynamic response of a (BTL-6) Create
system? Compose and Sketch them. (15)

3. Define Time, Frequency, Voltage and Resistance Standards and (BTL-6) Create
prepare each of them in detail. (15)

4. (i) Compose the three categories of systematic errors in the (BTL-6) Create
instrument and explain in detail. (7)
(ii) Compose the Normal or Gaussian curve of errors in the study of (BTL-6) Create
random effects. (8)
 UNIT II -ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS INSTRUMENTS
Principle and types of analog and digital voltmeters, ammeters, multimeters – Single and three
phase wattmeters and energy meters – Magnetic measurements – Determination of B-H curve
and measurements of iron loss – Instrument transformers – Instruments for measurement of
frequency and phase.
PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. Will you interpret the purpose of shunts in the voltmeter? (BTL-2) Understand

2. A basic D’Arsonval movement with a full deflection of 50 (BTL-6) Create

micro amps and internal resistance of 500 ohm is used as voltmeter.
Formulate the necessary equation and calculate the value of
multiplier resistance needed to measure a voltage range of 0-10V.

3. How are basic instruments converted into higher range ammeter? (BTL-3) Apply

4. Define creeping in energy meter. (BTL-1) Remember

5. Illustrate the types of analog ammeter used for instrumentation. (BTL-4) Analyze

6. Why PMMC ammeters are the most widely used instrument? (BTL-3) Apply

7. A (0-25)A ammeter has a guaranteed accuracy of 1 percent of full (BTL-6) Create

scale reading. The current measured by this instrument is 10A.
Formulate the necessary equation and calculate the limiting error in
percentage.

8. Why the ordinary wattmeters are not suitable for low power factor (BTL-4) Analyze
circuits?

9. How does one extend the range of ammeter and voltmeter? (BTL-2) Understand

10. Distinguish ampere-hour and watt-hour? (BTL-2) Understand

11. point out any two applications of CT and of PT (BTL-4) Analyze

12. Explain the different types of iron loss. (BTL-5) Evaluate

13. Distinguish with example, the term “Hysteresis”. (BTL-2) Understand

14. What is phase sequence indicator? (BTL-1) Remember

15. List out the various causes which incur errors in a dynamometer (BTL-1) Remember
wattmeter.
16. Define phase meter? Point out the types of phase meter. (BTL-1) Remember
17. List out the methods used for measurement of iron loss in (BTL-1) Remember
ferromagnetic materials.

18. State the reason for the two types of errors in a potential (BTL-1) Remember
transformer.
19. An absolute electrometer has a movable circular plate 10 cm in (BTL-3) Apply
diameter. Determine the potential difference across the plates if the
plates during measurement are 6 mm apart and the force of
attraction is 4x10-3 N.

20. What is the need to evaluate phase-angle error in instrument (BTL-5) Evaluate
transformer?

PART - B
1. (i) Discuss with a neat sketch explain the working principal of (BTL-1) Remember
PMMC instrument. (7)

(ii) Discuss the construction and its working principle (BTL-1)

of electrodynamometer type wattmeter. (6) Remember

2. Discuss with circuit and phasor diagram, describe the working of (BTL-1) Remember
single phase ac energy meter. (13)

3. What is meant by Damping? And explain the different methods of (BTL-1) Remember
damping in detail? (13)
4. Describe the construction and working of permanent magnet (BTL-2) Understand
moving coil instrument. Also derive the expression for deflection
(13)
5. Obtain the mathematical expression for deflecting torque and (BTL-1) Remember
controlling torque for the DC ammeter .And also write the
advantages and disadvantages. (13)
6. (i) Discuss the working principle of operation of (BTL-1) Remember
electrodynamometer type of instruments with its constructional
diagram. (7) (BTL-6) Create
(ii) A PMMC ammeter gives reading of 40mA when connected
across two opposite corners of a bridge rectifier, the other two
corners of which are connected in series with a capacitor to 100 k,
50 Hz supply. Compose the value for capacitance. (7)
7. Write a technical note on the magnetic measurements. (13) (BTL-2) Understand

8. (i) Explain the methods of turns compensation used in current (BTL-5) Evaluate
transformers to reduce ratio error. (7)
(ii)Explain the term “loading” in voltmeter and give the method to Analyze
remove the adverse effect of the same (6) (BTL-4)

9. (i) The coil of instrument has 42.5 turns. The mean width of the (BTL-3) Apply
coil is 2.5cm and the axial length of the coil is 2 cm. If the flux
density is 0.1 Wb/m2, calculate the torque on the moving coil in
 Nm. (5)
(ii) A 100/5A current transformer having a rated burden of 25 VA (BTL-3)
has an iron loss of 0.4W and a magnetizing current of 2 A. Apply
Calculate its ratio error and phase angle error when supplying rated
output current to a meter having a ratio of resistance to reactance 5.
(8)

10. (i) How to measure the power using instrument transformers? (BTL-5) Evaluate
Explain. (6)
(ii) How is multi-meter used to measure different parameters?
Explain. (7)

11. (i) How do you demonstrate the B-H curve using “step by step” (BTL-3) Apply
method? (6)
(ii) What are the different methods used for the measurement of (BTL-4) Analyze
frequency? Explain any one method. (7)

12. Write short notes on: (BTL-1) Remember

a. Current transformer
b. Weston frequency meter (13)
13. (i) Discuss in detail, about the working principle and characteristics (BTL-2) Understand
of CT with its phasor diagram. (7)
(BTL-4) Analyze
(ii) Explain the operating principle of instrument transformer. (6)

14. Describe the constructional and working of an induction type (BTL-6) Create
wattmeter. Also derive an expression for the average torque which
is proportional to power. (13)

PART - C

1. A moving coli instrument as following data: No. of turns=100, (BTL-5) Evaluate

width of the coil =20mm, depth of the coil=30mm, flux density in
air gap=0.1wb/m2. calculating the deflecting torque when caring a
current of 10mA.Also Calculate deflection if spring constant is
2 x 10-6Nm/deg.

2. A moving coil instrument gives a full scale deflection for a current (BTL-5) Evaluate
of 20mA with a potential difference of 200mV across it. Calculate:
1) Shunt required to use it as an ammeter to get a range of 0-200A.
2) Multiplier required to use it as voltmeter of range 0-500V.

3. (i)Show a neat connection diagram of a three phase energy (BTL-5) Evaluate

meter
used for measurement of energy incorporating CT and PT. Explain
 Why CT and PT are used. (8)
(ii) Discuss briefly the three types of operating torque needed for the
satisfactory operation of the indicating instruments. (7) (BTL-2) Understand
4. A current transformer has a single turn primary and 400 secondary (BTL-5) Evaluate
turns. The magnetizing current is 90A while core loss current is
40A. Secondary circuit phase angle is 28deg. Calculate the actual
primary current and ratio error when secondary carries 5A current.
 UNIT III - COMPARISON METHODS OF MEASUREMENTS
D.C & A.C potentiometers, D.C & A.C bridges, transformer ratio bridges, self-balancing
bridges. Interference & screening – Multiple earth and earth loops - Electrostatic and
electromagnetic interference – Grounding techniques.

PART – A

BT
Q.No Questions Competence
Level

1. What is a potentiometer? List its application. (BTL-1) Remember

2. Point out the grounding techniques available in measurements. (BTL-1) Remember

3. With the neat circuit diagram, illustrate the balanced equation of (BTL-3) Apply
Wheatstone bridge.
4. Draw the circuit diagram write the expression for unknown (BTL-2) Understand
inductance and its resistance of Anderson’s bridge.

5. Give the applications of potentiometers? (BTL-2) Understand

6. What are the sources of electromagnetic interference? (BTL-1) Remember

7. Write the necessary balance condition for a Schering bridge (BTL-1) Remember

8. Evaluate why there are two conditions of balance in AC bridges? (BTL-5) Evaluate

9. Which bridge is used to measure incremental inductance? Write the (BTL-2) Understand
expression.

10. List the application of AC bridge. (BTL-1) Remember

11. Generalize the active and passive bridge circuits? (BTL-6) Create

12. Deduce the principle of grounding. (BTL5) Evaluate

13. List the application of DC potentiometers. (BTL-1) Remember

14. State the features of ratio transformers which make them popular for (BTL-3) Apply
bridge applications.
15. What is an isolation amplifier? Analyze and write where is it used? (BTL-4) Analyze

16. State the condition for balance in a wheatstone bridge. (BTL-2) Understand

17. What is the use of potentiometer in the field of electrical (BTL-4) Analyze
measurement?
18. Convince the need of screening? (BTL-5) Evaluate

19. What are the main causes of ground loop currents? (BTL-6) Create

20. Discuss the working principle of a digital plotter. (BTL-2) Understand

PART – B

1. Quote the procedure of measuring a low resistance with help of (BTL-1) Remember
Kelvin’s double bridge. Derive the relation to find unknown
resistance. (13)
2. Describe in detail about: (BTL-3) Understand
a. Interference and screening
b. Multiple earth and earth loops. (13)
3. With the circuit diagram, describe the principle of operation of duo- (BTL-1) Remember
range DC Potentiometer. (13)
4. (i) Draw a neat diagram of Kelvin double bridge and explain how to (BTL-4) Analyze
measure low resistance. (7)
(ii)Obtain an expression for measurement of inductance using (BTL-4) Create
Maxwell‘s inductance bridge with a neat circuit diagram. (6)

5. Explain how the inductance is measured in terms of known (BTL-6) Create

Capacitance using Maxwell’s bridge. Compose the conditions for
balance. (13)
6. Describe the following: (BTL-1) Remember
a. Grounding techniques
b. Causes of electromagnetic measurements in (BTL-1) Remember
measurements. (13)
7. (i) In a balanced network, AB is a resistance of 500 ohm in series with (BTL-5) Evaluate
an inductor of 0.18H, BC and DA are non-inductive resistances of 1
k ohm each and CD consists of a resistance R in series with a capacitor (BTL-3) Apply
C. A potential difference of 5 V at a frequency of 5000/2π is applied
between points A and C. Determine the values of R and C. (7)
(ii) Draw and explain the balance conditions of a Wheatstone
bridge. (6)

8. (i) Explain the construction of Anderson’s bridge. Derive the (BTL-4) Analyze
unknown quantities at balance condition. Also write it’s advantages
and disadvantages. (7)
(ii) Determine the insulation resistance of a short length of cable
in which voltage falls from 125 to 100 V in 25 seconds. The (BTL-3) Apply
capacity of the condenser is 600*10-12F. (6)

9. (i) How does one measure the resistance using potentiometer? (7) (BTL-3) Apply
(ii) Estimate the way to measure the phase angle using ratio
transformer? (6) (BTL-2) Understand
10. (i)Explain in detail the electro-static and electro-magnetic (BTL-4) Analyze
interference. (7)
(ii)Describe the Importance of Grounding. What are the different (BTL-2) Understand
grounding techniques used? (6)

11. Draw the diagram of Co-ordinate type A.C. potentiometer and (BTL-2) Understand
explain its working principle. (13)

12. (i) Explain the theory and working principle of Wheat stone’s (BTL-2) Understand
Bridge. Derive the relation for finding unknown resistance. (7)
(ii) Describe any one method for the measurements of high (BTL-2) Understand
resistance. (6)
13. (i) With the help of Schering bridge, explain how loss angle of a (BTL-1) Remember
dielectric can be determined. (7)
(ii) Explain the measurements of frequency by Wien’s bridge. (6) (BTL-1) Remember

14. (i) Explain the theory and working principle of Hay’s Bridge. (BTL-1) Remember
Derive the relation for finding unknown resistance and inductance (7)
(ii) Obtain an expression for measurement of inductance
using Anderson’s bridge with a neat circuit diagram. (6) (BTL-1) Remember
PART-C

1. Design a volt-ratio box with a resistance of 20 ohms/volt and ranges (BTL-6) Create
3V, 10V, 30V, 100V.The Volt-ratio box is to be used with a
Potentiometer having a measuring rang of 1.6V.
2. Evaluate the expression for the current through the galvanometer in (BTL-5) Evaluate
case of unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge. And also state its
application
3. In the wheatstone bridge shown below, the value of R1=200Ω, R2=800Ω (BTL-6) Create
and R3=300Ω. The bridge is excited by a 200V dc source. Determine the
power dissipation by the resistor R4 when the bridge is balanced.

4. An AC bridge has the following constants (BTL-6) Create

arm AB- Capacitor of 0.5µ F in parallel with 1KΩ resistance.
Arm AD- resistance of 2 KΩ.
Arm DC-Capacitor of 0.5µ F.
Arm CD-Unknown Cx and Rx in series, frequency-1KHz.
Determine the unknown capacitance and dissipation factor.
 UNIT IV - STORAGE AND DISPLAY DEVICES
Magnetic disk and tape – Recorders, digital plotters and printers, CRT display, digital CRO,
LED, LCD & dot matrix display – Data Loggers.

PART – A

BT
Q.No Questions Competence
Level

1. Define LED? (BTL-1) Remember

2. Formulate the principle of dot matrix display? (BTL-6) Create

3. Distinguish between LED and LCD. (BTL-2) Understand

4. Classify the functions of data logger? (BTL-3) Apply

5. Illustrate how does dynamic scattering type LCD work? (BTL-3) Apply

6. Point out the advantages of magnetic tape recorder? (BTL-4) Analyze

7. Why is a delay line used in the vertical section of a oscilloscope? (BTL-1) Remember

8. Differentiate the functions of printer and plotter (BTL-2) Understand

9. List the main parts of cathode ray tube? (BTL-1) Remember

10. Generalize the types of printers according to printing methodology (BTL-6) Create

11. Deduce the working principle of digital encoder. (BTL-5) Evaluate

12. Quote the principle of operation of ink jet printer. (BTL-1) Remember

13. Deduce the purpose of post deflection acceleration (PDA) in CRT. (BTL-5) Evaluate

14. Explain the following term as applied to digital displays: 3 ½ digit (BTL-4) Analyze
and ½ digit displays.
15. List the basic components of a tape recorder? (BTL-1) Remember

16. A 31/2 digit voltmeter is used for measurement. What is its (BTL-2) Understand
resolution? How it would display a reading of 12.57V in 100V
scale?
17. Contrast line printer and dot matrix printer (BTL-2) Understand

18. Compare the dual trace and dual beam CRO. (BTL-5) Evaluate

19. Classify the different types of magnetic recording? (BTL-3) Apply

20. Illustrate the different materials used in LED? Also name the (BTL-3) Apply
colours emitted.
 PART – B

1. (i) Describe construction and working of magnetic tape recorder. (BTL-1) Remember
(6)
(ii) With a help of simplified block diagram, explain the (BTL-5) Evaluate
construction and operating principle of general purpose Cathode
Ray Oscilloscope. (7)
2. (i) Develop a neat block diagram of X-Y recorder and describe (BTL-6) Create
its working. (7)
(ii) Explain the principle and working of CRT display with a neat (BTL-5) Evaluate
diagram. (6)
3. (i) Illustrate the principle of segmental display and dot (BTL-1) Remember
matrices display for numeric and alpha numeric displays. (7)
(ii) Give short notes on data logging. (6) (BTL-3) Apply

4. With the help of the fundamental block diagram, explain the working (BTL-4) Analyze
principle of digital storage oscilloscope, mention its advantages over
analog CRO? (13)

5. Describe the direct and frequency modulation magnetic tape (BTL-1) Remember
recording types. Give its merits and demerits. (13)
6. Relate and contrast the working, advantages and disadvantages of (BTL-3) Apply
LED and LCD. (13)
7. Generalize the short notes on (BTL-6) Create
(i) Magnetic disk and tape (7)

(ii) Recorders and printers. (6)

8. Give the basic block diagram of a digital data recording system. (13) (BTL-2) Understand

9. (i) Relate the features of FM recording with PDM (BTL-3) Apply

Recording. (7)
(ii) Explain with neat sketch the bar graph display. (6) (BTL-2) Understand

10. a) List out the advantages of X-Y records over strip chart (BTL-1) Remember
recorder. (3)
b) List the advantages of laser printer. (3)
c) Interpret power requirement of LCD? (3)
d) Describe the different types of sweeps used in CRO
(4)

11. What are the advantages of using a magnetic tape recorder? Explain (BTL-1) Remember
how the tape recorder works with suitable diagrams. (13)

12. Write a short note on plotter. Compare it with a printer and state its (BTL-1) Remember
uses. (13)
13. Explain the Dot matrix printer working and sketch the construction (BTL-2) Understand
layout. (13)

14. Illustrate the working principle of data logger and sketch the layout. (BTL-3) Apply
(13)

PART – C

1. Design the following : (BTL-6) Create

(i) 7 segment display
(ii) Alpha numeric display
2. (i) Evaluate in detail the process of recording and reading in an (BTL-6) Create
audio cassette (10)
(ii) Design how a PN junction diode act as light emitting diode (5)
3. Explain the operation Dot matrix printer to print the alphabetic letter (BTL-5) Evaluate
‘A’
4. Design and construct the Digital Storage Oscilloscope to display (BTL-6) Create
the digital signal
 UNIT V - TRANSDUCERS AND DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS

Classification of transducers – Selection of transducers – Resistive, capacitive & inductive

transducers – Piezoelectric, Hall effect, optical and digital transducers – Elements of data
acquisition system – A/D, D/A converters – Smart sensors.

PART – A

BT
Q.No Questions Competence
Level

1. Define primary transducer? (BTL-1) Remember

2. Quote the principle of operation of optical transducer? (BTL-1) Remember

3. Arrange the following ADCs in the descending order of speed? (BTL-4) Analyze
a. Integrating type
b. Counter type
c. Successive approximation type
d. Flash type

4. Classify the any four types of Analog to Digital converter? (BTL-3) Apply

5. Compare sensor and transducer. (BTL-5) Evaluate

6. Develop the block diagram for 4 bit Analog to Digital Converter. (BTL-6) Create

7. Deduce the desired properties of thermocouple metals. (BTL-5) Evaluate

8. Point out the two ways that the DAS are used to measure and (BTL-4) Analyze
record analog signals
9. Show some of the active transducers which are used in the (BTL-3) Apply
measurement of temperature.
10. What are the basic requirements of the transducer? (BTL-6) Create

11. Classify any two applications of Smart Sensors (BTL-3) Apply

12. List any four force summing devices. (BTL-1) Remember

13. Interpret the need of ADC and DAC in Digital Data Acquisition (BTL-2) Understand
System.
14. Describe inverse transducers with example (BTL-1) Remember

15. Estimate the output expected out of an LVDT provided with (BTL-2) Understand
unidirectional excitation, while measuring a displacement of 3cm?

16. Discuss in brief about thermocouple? (BTL-2) Understand

17. Discover seeback voltage? (BTL-3) Apply

18. Describe strain gauge? List its types. (BTL-1) Remember

19. Explain in brief about gauge factor? Give its expression. (BTL-4) Analyze

20. Quote piezoelectric effect? (BTL-1) Remember

PART-B

1. (i) Describe the construction and working of potentiometer (BTL-1) Remember

type resistance transducer for measuring linear displacement. (7)
(ii) Explain the working of D-A converter with neat diagram. (6) (BTL-4) Analyze

2. (i) What i s called piezo- electric t r a n s d u c e r ? Explain (BTL-4) Analyze

its working with neat diagram (7)
(ii) Examine how to measure pressure using capacitive type (BTL-1) Remember
transducer. (6)

3. Tell about the selection criteria for the transducer? Explain the (BTL-1) Remember
working principle of LVDT with neat sketch and characteristics.
Give advantages, disadvantages and applications of LVDT. (13)
4. (i) Explain in brief about data acquisition system? With (BTL-4) Analyze
generalized block diagram, explain the functions of it. (7)
(ii) Describe about smart sensors. (6) (BTL-1) Remember

5. Express the performance parameters of Analog to Digital (BTL-2) Understand

Converter? Explain any two basic A/D conversion techniques in
detail. (13)

6. Discuss in brief on the following. (BTL-2) Understand

(i) See-back effect. (5)
(ii) Piezoelectric transducer. (4)
(iii) Resistance thermometer. (4)

7. (i) Describe the basic operation of A/D converters utilizing (BTL-1) Remember
D/A converter. (7) (BTL-1) Remember
(ii) Describe the concept of smart sensors. (6)
8. (i) Describe the measurement of resistance using strain gauge. (BTL-1) Remember
(7)
(ii) Describe the various factors influencing the type of (BTL-2) Understand
transducer for a particular application. (6)

9. (i) Describe the construction and working of unbounded and (BTL-1) Remember
bounded type strain gauges. (7)
(ii) Explain the construction and working of optical encoders (BTL-5) Evaluate
with neat diagram. (6)
10. (i) With neat block diagram describe about the digital data, (BTL-1) Remember
acquisition System. (7)
(ii) Explain the successive approximation method of A/D
 Converter. (6) (BTL-2) Understand

11. (i) Describe in detail, the working principle of capacitive (BTL-3) Remember
Microphone. (7)
(ii) Write a detailed technical note on smart sensors .Explain also
the various built in features of them compared to conventional
sensors. (6)
12. Explain the principle of the following transducers: (BTL-3) Remember
(i) Thermistors (7)
(ii) LVDT (6)
13. How are A/D converter classified? With neat diagram explain (BTL-4) Analyze
the construction and principle of successive approximation type
ADC. (13)
14. With the neat block diagram explain single and multichannel data (BTL-4) Analyze
acquisition system. Give example for each. (13)

PART – C

1. Describe the different criteria for selection of transducer for a (BTL-2) Understand
particular application.

2. Design the piezo- electric transducer and give the formula for (BTL-6) Create
coupling coefficient.

3. (i) The digital input for a 4-bit DAC is 0110.Calculate its final (BTL-5) Evaluate
output voltage. (5)

(ii) Find out the step size and analog output for 4-bit R-2R ladder
DAC when input is 1000 and 1111 assume Vref=+5V.(5)

(iii) A 12-bit DAC has a step size of 8mV.determine the full scale
output voltage and percentage resolution. Also find the output
voltage for the input of 010101101101? (5)

4. Design the Block diagram arrangement of DAS and describe the (BTL-6) Create
function of each component and also state its applications