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MXA2500E
FEATURES
Sck Internal Temperature
Better than 1 mg resolution (optional) Oscillator Sensor
TOUT
Dual axis accelerometer fabricated on a monolithic CMOS IC
RoHS compliant Voltage
VREF
CLK Reference
On-chip mixed mode signal processing
No moving parts Continous
Heater
50,000 g shock survival rating Control
Self Test
17 Hz bandwidth expandable to >160 Hz
3V to 5.25V single supply continuous operation X axis
Low Pass
AOUTX
Filter
Small (5mm x 5mm x 2mm) surface mount package
Continuous self test
Factory Adjust
Custom programmable specifications Offset & Gain
Independent axis programmability (special order)
Low Pass
Y axis
Filter
AOUTY
APPLICATIONS 2-AXIS
SENSOR
Automotive – Vehicle Security/Active Suspension/ABS
VDD Gnd VDA
Headlight Angle Control/Tilt Sensing
Security – Gas Line/Elevator/Fatigue Sensing
Office Equipment – Computer Peripherals/PDA’s/ MXA2500E FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
Cell Phones
Gaming – Joystick/RF Interface/Menu Selection/Tilt Sensing
White Goods – Spin/Vibration Control
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The MXA2500E is an ultra low noise and low cost, dual The MXA2500E provides two absolute analog outputs.
axis accelerometer fabricated on a standard, submicron The typical noise floor is 0.2 mg/ Hz allowing signals
CMOS process. It is a complete sensing system with on- below 1 mg to be resolved at 1 Hz bandwidth. The 3dB
chip mixed mode signal processing. The MXA2500E rolloff of the device occurs at 17 Hz but is expandable to
measures acceleration with a full-scale range of ±1 g and a >160 Hz (ref. Application Note AN-00MX-003). The
MXA2500E is available in a LCC surface mount package
sensitivity of 500mV/g @5V at 25°C. It can measure both (5 mm x 5 mm x 2 mm). It is hermetically sealed and is
dynamic acceleration (e.g., vibration) and static operational over a -40°C to +105°C temperature range. It
acceleration (e.g., gravity). The MXA2500E design is also contains an on-chip temperature sensor and a bandgap
based on heat convection and requires no solid proof mass. voltage reference.
This eliminates stiction and particle problems associated
with competitive devices and provides shock survival of Due to the standard CMOS structure of the MXA2500E,
50,000 g, leading to significantly lower failure rates and additional circuitry can easily be incorporated into custom
lower loss due to handling during assembly. versions for high volume applications. Contact the factory
for more information.
M EM SIC
Acceleration ……………………………………..50,000 g
2 6
*Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent
damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; the functional operation of the device 3 5
at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this
specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for 4
extended periods may affect device reliability.
Y +g
Package Characteristics
Top View
Package θJA θJC Device Weight
LCC-8 110°C/W 22°C/W < 1 gram
Caution
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device.
Acceleration in any direction will disturb the temperature Sck – The standard product is delivered with an internal
profile, due to free convection heat transfer, causing it to be clock option (800kHz). This pin should be grounded
asymmetrical. The temperature, and hence voltage output when operating with the internal clock. An external
of the four thermopiles will then be different. The clock option can be special ordered from the factory
differential voltage at the thermopile outputs is directly allowing the user to input a clock signal between 400kHz
proportional to the acceleration. There are two identical and 1.6MHz.
acceleration signal paths on the accelerometer, one to
measure acceleration in the x-axis and one to measure Vref – This pin is the output of a reference voltage. It is set
acceleration in the y-axis. Please visit the MEMSIC at 2.50V typical and has 100µA of drive capability.
website at www.memsic.com for a picture/graphic
description of the free convection heat transfer principle. COMPENSATION FOR THE CHANGE IN
SENSITIVITY OVER TEMPERATURE
PIN DESCRIPTIONS All thermal accelerometers display the same sensitivity
VDD – This is the supply input for the digital circuits and change with temperature. The sensitivity change depends
the sensor heater in the accelerometer. The DC voltage on variations in heat transfer that are governed by the laws
should be between 3.0 volts and 5.25 volts. Refer to the of physics. Manufacturing variations do not influence the
section on PCB layout and fabrication suggestions for sensitivity change, so there are no unit-to-unit differences
guidance on external parts and connections recommended. in sensitivity change. The sensitivity change is governed
by the following equation (and shown in Figure 1 in °C):
VDA – This is the power supply input for the analog
amplifiers in the accelerometer. Refer to the section on Si x Ti2.90 = Sf x Tf2.90
PCB layout and fabrication suggestions for guidance on
external parts and connections recommended. where Si is the sensitivity at any initial temperature Ti, and
Sf is the sensitivity at any other final temperature Tf with
Gnd – This is the ground pin for the accelerometer. the temperature values in °K.
AOUTY – This pin is the output of the y-axis acceleration Temperature (C)
MEMS IC
gravity
or software. Any compensation for this effect could be
done instinctively by the game player. 00
For applications that demand high performance, a low cost X-Axis Y-Axis
micro-controller can be used to implement the above X-Axis
equation. A reference design using a Microchip MCU (p/n Orientation Change Change
16F873/04-SO) and MEMSIC developed firmware is To Earth’s X per deg. Y per deg.
available by contacting the factory. With this reference Surface Output of tilt Output of tilt
design, the sensitivity variation over the full temperature (deg.) (g) (mg) (g) (mg)
90 1.000 0.15 0.000 17.45
range (-40°C to +105°C) can be kept below 3%. Please
85 0.996 1.37 0.087 17.37
visit the MEMSIC web site at www.memsic.com for 80 0.985 2.88 0.174 17.16
reference design information on circuits and programs 70 0.940 5.86 0.342 16.35
including look up tables for easily incorporating sensitivity 60 0.866 8.59 0.500 15.04
compensation. 45 0.707 12.23 0.707 12.23
30 0.500 15.04 0.866 8.59
DISCUSSION OF TILT APPLICATIONS AND 20 0.342 16.35 0.940 5.86
RESOLUTION 10 0.174 17.16 0.985 2.88
Tilt Applications: One of the most popular applications 5 0.087 17.37 0.996 1.37
0 0.000 17.45 1.000 0.15
of the MEMSIC accelerometer product line is in
Table 1: Changes in Tilt for X- and Y-Axes
tilt/inclination measurement. An accelerometer uses the
force of gravity as an input to determine the inclination
Resolution: The accelerometer resolution is limited by
angle of an object.
noise. The output noise will vary with the measurement
bandwidth. With the reduction of the bandwidth, by
A MEMSIC accelerometer is most sensitive to changes in
applying an external low pass filter, the output noise drops.
position, or tilt, when the accelerometer’s sensitive axis is
Reduction of bandwidth will improve the signal to noise
perpendicular to the force of gravity, or parallel to the
ratio and the resolution. The output noise scales directly
Earth’s surface. Similarly, when the accelerometer’s axis
with the square root of the measurement bandwidth. The
is parallel to the force of gravity (perpendicular to the
maximum amplitude of the noise, its peak- to- peak value,
Earth’s surface), it is least sensitive to changes in tilt.
approximately defines the worst case resolution of the
measurement. With a simple RC low pass filter, the rms
Table 1 and Figure 2 help illustrate the output changes in
noise is calculated as follows:
the X- and Y-axes as the unit is tilted from +90° to 0°.
Notice that when one axis has a small change in output per
degree of tilt (in mg), the second axis has a large change in Noise (mg rms) = Noise(mg/ Hz ) * ( Bandwidth( Hz ) *1.6)
output per degree of tilt. The complementary nature of
these two signals permits low cost accurate tilt sensing to The peak-to-peak noise is approximately equal to 6.6 times
be achieved with the MEMSIC device (reference the rms value (for an average uncertainty of 0.1%).
application note AN-00MX-007).
EXTERNAL FILTERS
AC Coupling: For applications where only dynamic
accelerations (vibration) are to be measured, it is
recommended to ac couple the accelerometer output as
shown in Figure 3. The advantage of ac coupling is that
variations from part to part of zero g offset and zero g
offset versus temperature can be eliminated. Figure 3 is a
HPF (high pass filter) with a –3dB breakpoint given by the
C 1.5uF 0.01uF
A O UT Y A O UTY
Filtered
R O utput
UA
Aout X or Y -
8.06K 160K
+
Figure 3: High Pass Filter
0.047uF 0.0022uF
+
A O UT X R A O UTX 60
0.047uF
45
Filtered
30
C Output
Amplitude - dB
15
A O UTY R A O UT Y -15
Figure 5: Frequency Response Extension Circuit
Filtered -30
C Output -45
The accelerometer response (bottom trace), the network
-60
response10 (top trace) and the compensated
10 0 response (middle
10 00
F req ue ncy - H z
trace) are shown in Figure 6. The amplitude remains above
–3db beyond 100 Hz, and there is useable signal well
Figure 4: Low Pass Filter
after this frequency.
COMPENSATION FOR EXTENDING THE
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
The response of the thermal accelerometer is a function of
the internal gas physical properties, the natural convection
mechanism and the sensor electronics. Since the gas
properties of MEMSIC's mass produced accelerometer are
uniform, a simple circuit can be used to equally
compensate all sensors. For most applications, the
V SUPPLY
Figure 7: Zero g Offset Temperature Compensation Circuit
PACKAGE DRAWING
Authorized Distributor
MEMSIC:
MXA2500EL