Data Analysis and Optimizationnewv

Statistics Data Analysis
and Optimization V4.0

for HUAWEI GSM/GPRS/EDGE System
Compiled by Jin/Jiangxin
E-mail: jinjiangxin@hxdi.com
course contents
Chapter 1 GSM system

1. Work items in an optimization project
2. Review of the GSM system
3. Based technology in GSM system
4. Drive test and analysis
5. Parameters in common use
6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use
7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure
8. Selection and reselection
9. SDCCH congestion
10. TCH congestion and drops
11. Call progress introduction in common use
12. Power control algorithm
13. Handover algorithm
14. Cases according to statistics data
9. SDCCH congestion
Work items in optimization
Problems in network Find the problems
 Hardware trouble problem  Statistics data
 Freq. interfering problem  DT and CQT
 Coverage problem  Alarm check
 HO relations problem  Custom complain
 “busy or idle” problem Analysis the problems
 Traffic balance  Statistics analysis
 Underlay and overlay problem  DT and analysis
 KPI  Alarm analysis
 Wireless parameter problem  Call process analysis
 Especial problems  Frequency plan and reuse
(access,roaming,crossed talk,A-interface ….) Solve the problems
 Trouble shooting
Steps for problem  Improve coverage
 Find the problems  Adjust TRX configuration
 Analysis the problems  Adjust antenna system
 Resolve the problems  Edit freq.plan table
 Checking and compare results  Neighbor relations
are throughout the optimization process.  Parameters
Checking and compare results
 Before and after modify
 Different BSC/Cells
 Different network
Emphasis of the optimization
System performance 1. Immediate assignment rate

2. CSSR
Access 3. Wireless access rate
Channel success 4. Sdcch success rate
5. Sdcch congestion rate
Congestion
6. Sdcch drop call rate
Drop 7. Tch success rate
8. Tch congest rate
Handover
9. Tch drop call rate(including HO)
Traffic 10. Tch drop call rate(excluding HO)
Quality 11. Ho success rate(from attempt)
12. Ho success rate(from command)
Coverage 13. SD/TCH traffic
Frequency 14. TCHF and TCHH traffic balance
15. Overlay and underlay traffic balance
16. Coverage rate (DT)
17. BER/MOS
Optimization flowing(1)
Performance data of past week
Engineer parameter table
Freq. plan table
Collect system data Neighbor list relation (internal and external)

Antenna information
System topology
Customer complain
Analysis data and make Make optimization plan, hardware problem list,
optimization plan DT plan, check cell health, consistency, frequency,
LAC data, neighbor
Start optimization meeting Start optimization
Hardware solved and Hardware solved and system test

system test
Optimization flowing(2)
Coverage, frequency, Output coverage chat,congestion rate,drop

channels, configuration, calls,interfering area according to the DT data.
parameter And optimize frequency, adjust channels in the
congestion cells and concentric lay, adj. parameters
Neighbor relations Check and optimize the neighbor relation, correct

optimization neighbor data (internal and external neighbors)
Optimize parameters Optimize parameters( general)
compare the performance

and put in suggestions Put in suggestions and good plan
Optimization Optimization summarize and

summarize technology communion
9. SDCCH congestion
GSM network review
PSTN Network
OMC
HLR/Auc/EIR
GSM Core Network
GBSC A SS7 Network
MSC/VLR
Abis
Um
SMS-GMSC/IWMSC
MS Gs
Pb
GBTS
Gb Billing Center
EDGE PCU
SGSN
CG
GPRS Core Network
Um
GPRS Backbone
Gi
MT Internet
GGSN
DNS
TE
Review of BTS3012
DPU: Digital Power Unit Principle for RF send and receive mode:
Send: combining when TRU combined actually
TRU: Transceiver Unit no combining when TRU not combined actually
PMU: Power Monitoring Unit Receive: dividing receiver when TRU combined
indepandent receiver when TRU no combined
TMU: Timing/Transmission & Management
Access link check
Dual polarization
Lightning arrester
antenna
DIN connector Lightning arrester/feeder Antenna
connector(DIN) Connector(DIN)
Jumper/TTA
jumper Connector (DIN)
Jumper
connector(DIN)
TTA
option
TDU
SWITCH BOX
FAN BOX
Inside jumper
C S T T T T
Jumper/TTA
connector(DIN)
D C R R R R
U U X X X X
AIR BOX
C S T T T T
TRX jumper D C R R R R
TX and RDX cables
U U X X X X
FAN BOX
C S T T T T
BTS rack
D C R R R R
U U X X X X
P P P P P P P TT T T T
S S S S S S M MM E E E
U U U U U U U UU S U U
AIR BOX
9. SDCCH congestion
Um layer
Application layer(L3) Communicate MNG(CM)
Mobility MNG(MM)
Radio resource (RR)
Data link layer(L2)

CPU
RACH BCCH AGCH/PCH SDCCH SACCH TCH FACCH
Phy. link layer(L1) TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 ..SACCH ..TCH24 IDL
Multi-frame
GSM protocol stake
MS BTS BSC MSC

CM CM
MM MM
L3
BSSMAP
RR BSSMAP
RR
RR BTSM BTSM SCCP SCCP
L2 LAPDm LAPDm LAPD LAPD
MTP MTP
L1 SigL1 SigL1 SigL1 SigL1
Um½Ó¿Ú Abis½Ó¿Ú A½Ó¿Ú

Channels
Logical channel
Common channel Dedicated channel

(CCH) (DCH)
Broadcast control channel Common control channel Control channel Voice channel
(BCCH) (CCCH) (TCH)
TCH/H
FCH SCH BCCH PCH AGCH RACH SDCCH FACCH TCH/F
(system information)
TCH/9.6F
SACCH
TCH/ 4.8F, H
TCH/ 2.4F, H
Downlink and uplink channels
FCCH
Common BCCH SCH Downlink CCCH
BCCH
Channel
PCH
CCCH AGCH
PCH AGCH
SDCCH
Dedicated DCCH SACCH
FACCH
Channel
TCH/F
TCH TCH/H
Common
RACH CCCH Channel
Uplink CCCH
SDCCH
SACCH DCCH Dedicated
FACCH Channel
RACH TCH/F
TCH/H TCH
CCCH configuration
Ccch_conf: ccch blocks in a 51 CCCH-multi-frames Ccch config Ccch blocks
When one no-combined case: one combined 3
bs_ag_blks_res: AGCH reserve blocks : 2
bs_pa_mfrms: paging blocks : 2 one no-combined 9
Paging sub-frame: (9-2)*(bs_pa_mfrms)=14 two no-combined 18
three no-combined 27
four no-combined 36
Pch blocks=Ccch blocks-(bs_ag_blks_res),
if ccch_config=1 non_combined, bs_ag_blks_res=2, then PCH=9-2=7.
each CCCH 51-multi-frames will be lasted 235.4ms
Pch blocks/sec= Pch blocks/0.2354ms=29.7 blocks/sec
2 times in each Pch blocks for IMSI paging type
4 times in each Pch blocks for TMSI paging type
So total paging times/max=Pch blocks/sec*(times in each Pch blocks)
Functions of Channels
“off” state
Search for frequency correction burst FCCH
Search for synchronization sequence SCH
Read system information BCCH
idle mode
Listen paging message PCH
Send access burst RACH
Wait for signaling channel allocation AGCH
dedicated
mode
Call setup SDCCH
Assign traffic channel SDCCH
Conversation TCH
idle mode
Call release FACCH
Rxlevel calculation and transmit model
RxLev=EIRP-Path Loss
1, EIRP: efficient power of BTS.
EIRP=10log[P_Forward(mW)-P_Reflected(mW)]+Tx_Antenna_Gain+Rx_Antenna_Gain-Rx_Feeder_Loss
 P_Forward: power of forward direction(mW)
 P_Reflected: power of reflected direction(mW)
 Tx_Antenna_Gain: TX antenna gain of BTS (dbi)
 Rx_Antenna_Gain: RX antenna gain dbi)
 Rx_Feeder_Loss: loss of feeder cable
2, PATH LOSS (predigest formula, need to corrected in project)

Okumura/Hata transmission model for 900M macro network.
Lp=69.55+26.16lg (f) -13.82lg (hb) +(44.9-6.55hb)lg (d) -A (hm)
Lp: path loss (db)
f : frequency (Mhz)
hb : BTS antenna height (m)
hm : MS antenna height (m)
d: distance between MS with BTS
Cost-231/Hata transmission model for 1800 macro network
Lp=69.55+26.16lg(f) -13.82lg(hb) +(44.9-6.55hb)lg(d) -A(hm)-K
Cost-231/Walfish ikegami model for 900/1800 micro network
Keenan-motley model for 900/1800 indoor distribution system.
Planning software for 900/1800 macro system
Path Loss(dB)=k1+k2log(d)+k3Hms+k4log(Hms)+k5log(Heff)+k6log(Heff)log(d)
+k7(Diffraction Loss)+Clutter Loss
Down-tilt, height and coverage
tg(B-A/2)=H/R
B: down-tilt
A: vertical beam width
H: antenna height
R1,2,3: coverage range
Layers and priorities in dual band network
Background:
 Traffic increase rapidly
 Limited channels in 900 band
 Frequency re-use more difficult
 Quality decrease
 More free channels in 1800 band
 Offer loose frequency re-use in 1800
band
Parameters set:
 900 cells offer coverage service (Layer 3)
 1800 cells offer traffic service (Layer 2)
 MS stay in Layer 2 more (high cell priority)
 Set much CRO in 1800 cells
 Set easy access parameters in 1800 cells
 Set easy handover to 1800 cells
 Set 1800 TRU as overlay in concentric HO
 Set 900 TRU as underlay in concentric HO
RLT (DL) and SACCH multi-frame (UL)
Radio_link_timeout (DL,S(T100) )
S+2 when MS decode a SACCH multi-frame correctly, S<= RLT/max.
S -1 when MS can’t decode a SACCH multi-frame correctly.
S=0,MS gives up the radio resource connection, a drop call occurs.
SACCH-multi-frames(UL)
Value +2 when BTS decode a SACCH multi-frame,<= SACCH-multi-frames/max.
Value –1 When BTS can’t decode a SACCH multi-frame,
Value=0.BTS stop transmitting downlink SACCH. and start T3109.
When T100 timeout in handset ,a drop call occurs.
When T3109 timeout in BTS,BTS release channel, BSC sends “Clear request” to MSC.
Reasons of RF loss
Interfering
Bad rx_lev
Incorrect PWR control parameter.
Hardware problem.
TRX Pwr class difference in the same cell.
HO drops.
Neighbor cell relations problem.
Incorrect HO algorithm and parameters
RLT,SACCH-multi-frame not correct.
Measure reports (MR) and SACCH frame
MS measure the uplink and downlink during the dedication mode.
MS/BTS measures and report the uplink/downlink information.
The results are prepare for HO, pwr control
A SACCH super-frames is made of 4 SACCH multi-frames.

Total 26 frames in one SACCH multi-frame.
The MS deals with a full MR in a SACCH super-frames, the period is 480ms(4*120ms),
MS retains the previous MR result of 480ms when it is in the next 480ms
MS decode the neighbor cells’s BSIC in idle frame
MS retain MR result for 10s if MS find that a BCCH go out from “best 6 neighbor cells”
to prevent stopping the MR when “HO request” is sent to this cell.
Contents in MR
Actual TA of MS
Actual tx-pwr of MS
The BA changes indicator
DTX used indicator
The rx_lev and rx_qual in uplink and downlink
The rxlev,freq, BSIC of the 6 best neighbors
Hopping
Frequency
Hopping algorithm(HSN=0)
F0 MAI=(FN+MAIO)mod N, RFCHN=MA(MAI)
FH mode: base-band and RF hopping
F1 MA: hopping frequency, 1*3,1*1 need MA>=2TRXs
MAIO: No.of TRX-1
F2
HSN: 0-63
F3 TSC: BCC
FN: 2048*51*26 used in hopping algorithm
F4
N: total of MA in one cell
Frame
Time
BCCH channel no hopping (benefit to decode BCCH)
SDCCH and TCH channel can hopping
Band hopping and RF hopping
Band hopping RF hopping

Using fixed frequency in each TRX Using vary frequency in each TRX
Using different TRX in different time Using different TRX in different time
TCHs in BCCH TRX are hopping (option) TCHs in BCCH TRX are no hopping
MA=TRXs TRX problems will not effect performance
TRX problems Will effect performance More common than Band hopping
Frequency hopping (4*3, 1*3, 1*1)
4*3 hopping
Same frequency as 4*3(MA)
1*3 hopping
Each cell have a MA in same site
Same MA and MAIO in same
direct cells in different sites
Be sure no neighbor-MAIO in same
cell or in the same direct cells.
Will get more interfering if the
azimuth of sites is not regular
1*1 hopping
Each cell have the same MA in all cells
Different MAIO in each cell in one site
Same MAIO in same direct cells in different sites
Principle of AMR
 AMR (Adaptive Multi Rate) is the set of different speech code rate. BTS and MS select and adjust
the appropriate rate according to RQI, so that to improve the MOS quality of network.
 system select and adjust to low AMR when RQI is bad (or interfering is high);
 System select and adjust to high AMR when RQI is good (or interfering is low)
 AMR-FR set (8):12.2k(GSM EFR)/10.2k/7.95k/7.40k(IS-641)/6.70k/5.90k/5.15k/4.75k
 AMR-HR set (5):7.40k(IS-641)/6.70k/5.90k/5.15k/4.75k；
 Benefits to network:
 Offer better speech quality: the speech quality is
better than EFR/HR when system use AMR-FR
and AMR-HR whether the interfering is high or low.
 Improvement the re-use rate of frequency: the
performance is better when system use the No. of
frequency re-use=9(3*3) and 12(4*3) than
N=12(4*3) and 18(6*3), It means that the system
can offer higher No. of frequency re-use mode in
the condition of the same speech quality.
 Improvement the edge coverage. For C/I, AMR-FR
4.75k need 3dB while EFR 8dB to keep the
FER<1%. It means that the performance is
improved from 3dB to 8 dB in the coder-encoder
between AMR-FR and EFR. So the MOS is
improved at the edge of coverage.
Channel assignment of AMR
Channel assignment principle of AMR
 adjust AMR supports according to the busyness type, speech version, circuit pool when BSC receive
the assignment command message which sent from MSCBSC.
 Prefer to assign AMR channel if system support AMR.
 Prefer to assign common channel if system not support AMR
Parameters for AMR:
 A interface tag: Phase II+
 (BSC32)CIC pool:27
 Support FR speech version 1~3
 Support HR speech version 1~3
 (BSC32)Query TC: support FR/HR speech version 3
 Support AMR:AMR switch support。
 active ACS(FR/HR):4 selected rate for AMR-FR, 3 selected rate for AMR-HR
 AMR start mode: the original AMR rate
 AMR UL/DL coding rate adj.th1: adjust threshold between 0-1, stet: 0.5db
 AMR UL/DL coding rate adj.hyst1: adjust hysist between 0-1, stet: 0.5db
 AMR UL/DL coding rate adj. hyst2: adjust t hysist between 1-2, stet: 0.5db
 AMR UL/DL coding rate adj. hyst3: adjust hysist between 2-3, stet: 0.5db
The parameters need to comply for these items:

0 < th[i] < th[i+1] < 63; i = 1, 2；
0 < th[i] + hyst[i] < th[i+1] + hyst[i+1] < 63; i = 1, 2；
9. SDCCH congestion
DT analysis and bad coverage/quality
DT analysis items
Coverage analysis (over CV, less CV, CV confusion, reflection, antenna connection wrong)
BER analysis and suggestion
Freq.interfering and C/I,C/A analysis HO analysis frequency HO, HO failure, HO drop)
Call setup fail analysis
Handover analysis
Drop call analysis and suggestion
Leak of micro cell and suggestion DT KPI’s
TA analysis Rxlev(Full&Sub)
PWR control analysis Coverage rate
CQT Rxqual(Full&Sub)
Call setup success rate
Drop call rate
Reasons of bad coverage
Handover Success rate
VSWR alarm and loss much in downlink
TA
Down-tilt or azimuth is not in reason
Power control level
Static power class is too low
Bar of the building and the surrounding
Hardware problem or jump cable problem
Reasons of bad quality
Far distance between sites C/I,C/A interfering (freq.planning)
Wrong neighbor cell relation Bad rx_level coverage
Over shooting VSWR and reflective freq.interfering (overlap)
Coverage confusion Hardware problem
Wrong Antenna connections Parameters of HO
Alone island effect TMU and reference clock
Incorrect parameters RF drop call process
Middle frequency interfering
Crossed cables and Yuanyang Crossed cables
Wrong crossed cables Yuanyang crossed cables

Planning azimuth 0/160/260 same Rxlevel in anywhere along azimuth directions
DT azimuth 160/0/260 Rxlevel in one direction are better than the other
Crossed cables between Cell 16101/16102 2 TX/RX are connect to Cell 1091(good signal)
2 RDX are connect to Cell 1093(bad signal)
Wrong azimuth or Confused coverage
Wrong azimuth Confused coverage

Planning azimuth 85/170/240 Need to check azimuth in cell 3201/3203
DT azimuth 330/220/60 Need to confirm in every cables
Neighbor relationship and frequency Pending? Reflection?
Neighbor relationship?
Wrong location and interfering
Wrong Long/Lati Channel interfering

Planning coverage Planning coverage and azimuth
Neighbor relationships Bad Frequency plan
Frequency interfering Wrong coverage against planning
Overshooting and low coverage
Overshooting and interfering Low coverage

12km overshooting Down-tilt, antenna height
Adjacent frequency interfering PWR, VSWR, OOS,
Neighbor relationships Surrounding
Drop call
Spliter and Combiner problems
Spliter problem Combiner problem

There is a Spliter in cell id =GSP3671 Crossed cables between 3011 and 3012
Azimuth=40/160 Almost no signal in 3011
no signal of GSP-1 in direction of 40 degree Rxlevel loss have 30db via the combiner between
No installed Spliter yet GSM and CDMA
Jump cables or TRX problem in cabinet
Jump cables problem in cabinet One TRX OOS in cabinet

TCH allocation always failure in some TRX One of TRX in a cell have low signal suddenly
Very less times in TCH seizure successful times The other TRXs have no problem
Incoming handover failure VSWR alarm or OOS
OOS and no main service cell
Out of service (OOS) No main service cell

VSWR-2 alarm? Simulate rxlevel
LapD or transmission broken? No cell can offer main service
No power supply? offer a main service cell
Locked? Install a new main service cell or site
Wrong CGI in MSC
Wrong CGI in MSC

MS can’t make any calls
All calls are blocked
TCH seizure times for call are 0 times
Support incoming and outgoing handover
Drop call analysis
Process of RF drop calls

RLT+2 and until to the max_RLT if MS decode SACCH frame correctly ,
RLT-1,if MS can’t decode SACCH frame ,
RLT is decreased to 0 when MS continue un-decoded SACCH frame, RF drop call occurs.
uplink is as the same as downlink,the counter “SACCH multi-frame”.
Main reason of drop calls
interfering
Bad rx_lev
hardware problem.
RLT, Sacch-multi-frame not correct.
TRX Pwr class difference in the same cell.
HO drops.
Nei cell relations problem.
Incorrect HO algorithm and parameters
Handover drop call
Incorrect PWR control parameter.
9. SDCCH congestion
Traffic statistics task introduction
BSC level task
BSC measurement performance
Cell level task
Immediate assignment
SDCCH
TCH
Congestion
Drop
Handover
Concentric
Channel capacity and availability
TRX level task
Path balanced
Received Level
Received Quality
Channel allocation
Interfering on idle
Timing Advanced
RQI
Other task
A-interface performance
MTP statistics
GPRS/EGPRS resource
Frequency scan
GSM cell to cell outgoing/incoming handover
Especial abnormal cell tasks (according users’ need)
Cell level statistics items introduction(1)
Channels Handovers
CA300J:Channel Requests (Circuit Service) CH310:Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests
CA303J:Call Setup Indications (Circuit Service) CH311:Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands
CA304:Call Setup Indications Timed Out CH313:Successful Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover
RA303G:Success Rate of Call Setup (Immediate Assignment) H312A:Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (No Channel Available)
K3006:Configured SDCCH CH312C:Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired)
K3004:Traffic Volume on SDCCH CH330:Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests
K3000:SDCCH Seizure Requests CH331:Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands
K3003:Successful SDCCH Seizures CH333:Successful Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers
CM30:Call Drops on SDCCH H332Kc:Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (Handover Request Rejected
K3001:Failed SDCCH Seizures due to Busy SDCCH (No Radio Resource Available)
K3015:Available TCHs H332Kf:Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (Handover Request Rejected
K3016:Configured TCHs (Invalid Cell)
CR3027:Mean Number of Available Channels (TCHF) CH332C:Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T8 Expired)
CR3028:Mean Number of Available Channels (TCHH) CH342C:Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired)
K3014:Traffic Volume on TCH (Traffic Channel) CH300:Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests
K3024:Traffic Volume on TCH (Signaling Channel) CH301:Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands
Traffic Volume on TCHH CH303:Successful Internal Intra-Cell Handovers
K3010A:TCH Seizure Requests (Traffic Channel) CH302A:Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (No Channel Available)
K3013A:Successful TCH Seizures (Traffic Channel) CH302C:Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Timer Expiry)
K3011A:Failed TCH Seizures due to Busy TCH (Traffic Channel CH320:Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests
Total TCH Call Drops CH321:Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Responses
K3022:Call Drops on TCH (Signaling Channel) CH323:Successful Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers
K3012A:Call Drops on TCH in Stable State (Traffic Channel) H3229A:Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (No Channel Available) (TCH
K3012B:Call Drops in TCH Handovers (Traffic Channel) H322D:Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (Reconnection to Old Channel
CM330:Call Drops on Radio Interface in Stable State (Traffic Channel) CH340:Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests
CM3300:Call Drops on TCH in Stable State (Error Indication) CH341:Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Responses
CM3301:Call Drops on TCH in Stable State (Connection Failure) CH343:Successful Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers
CM3302:Call Drops on TCH in Stable State (Release Indication) H3429A:Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers (No Channel Available) (TCH
CM331:Call Drops on Radio Interface in Handover State (Traffic H3429Ca:Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired) (TCH) (Tra
Channel) Channel)
Cell level statistics items introduction(2)
Concentric
H3001:Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (Overlay to Underlay)
CH3031:Successful Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Overlay to Underlay)
R3225K:Failed Handovers from Overlaid Subcell to Underlaid Subcell due to Busy Channels in Underlaid Subcell
H3002:Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (Underlay to Overlay)
CH3032:Successful Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Underlay to Overlay)
R3224K:Failed Handovers from Underlaid Subcell to Overlaid Subcell due to Busy Channels in Overlaid Subcell
R3200:Channel Assignment Requests (Underlaid Subcell Only)
R3202:Channel Assignment Requests (Underlaid Subcell Preferred)
R3202B:TCH Assignment Requests (Underlaid Subcell Preferred)
R3201:Channel Assignment Requests (Overlaid Subcell Only)
R3203:Channel Assignment Requests (Overlaid Subcell Preferred)
R3203B:TCH Assignment Requests (Overlaid Subcell Preferred)
CR3557:Traffic Volume of TCHs (Underlaid Subcell)
CR3558:Traffic Volume of TCHs (Overlaid Subcell)
Statistics in Trx level
In common use Received quality
Mean Number of SDCCHs in Interference Band 1-5 quality 0=bit error rate 0.00-0.20% (average 0.14%)
Mean Number of TCHFs in Interference Band 1-5 quality 1=bit error rate 0.20-0.40% (average 0.28%)
Mean Number of TCHHs in Interference Band 1-5 quality 2=bit error rate 0.40-0.80% (average 0.57%)
Uplink/Downlink Interference Indication Messages (SDCCH) quality 3=bit error rate 0.80-1.60% (average 1.13%)
Uplink/Downlink Interference Indication Messages (TCH) quality 4=bit error rate 1.60-3.20% (average 2.26%)
Number of MRs (Uplink-and-Downlink Balance Level = 1-11) quality 5=bit error rate 3.20-6.40% (average 4.53%)
Number of MRs (TA = 0-63) quality 6=bit error rate 6.40-12.80% (average 9.05%)
CR440A:Attempted Immediate Assignments quality 7=bit error rate >12.80% (average 18.10%)
CR440B:Successful Immediate Assignments
R4419A:Attempted Assignments (TCH) Received rxlevel
R4419B:Completed Assignments (TCH) Number of MRs on uplink/downlink TCHF (receive level
CR443A:Attempted Handovers Rank 0-7 receive quality rank 0-7
CR443B:Completed Handovers Number of MRs on uplink/downlink TCHH (receive level
S4350D:Radio Link Failures (SDCCH) Rank 0-7 receive quality rank 0-7
S4357D:Radio Link Failures (TCHF)
S4358D:Radio Link Failures (TCHH)
Formulas in common use-1
Imm-assignment success rate(%)= CA303J:Call Setup Indications (Circuit Service)
CA300J:Channel Requests (Circuit Service)
SDCCH congestion rate (%)= K3001:Failed SDCCH Seizures due to Busy SDCCH
K3000:SDCCH Seizure Requests
SDCCH drop rate (%)= CM30:Call Drops on SDCCH

K3003:Successful SDCCH Seizures
TCH congestion rate (include ho)(%)=

K3011A:Failed TCH Seizures due to Busy TCH (Traffic Channel)+
CH302A:Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (No Channel Available)+
H3229A:Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (No Channel Available) (TCH)+
H3429A:Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers (No Channel Available) (TCH)
K3010A:TCH Seizure Requests (Traffic Channel)+
CH300:Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests+
CH320:Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests+
CH340:Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests
K3022:Call Drops on TCH (Signaling Channel)+

K3012A:Call Drops on TCH in Stable State (Traffic Channel)+
TCH drop call rate (excluding HO) (%)= K3012B:Call Drops in TCH Handovers (Traffic Channel)
K3013A:Successful TCH Seizures (Traffic Channel)
K3022:Call Drops on TCH (Signaling Channel)+

K3012A:Call Drops on TCH in Stable State (Traffic Channel)+
K3012B:Call Drops in TCH Handovers (Traffic Channel)
TCH drop call rate (all)(%)= K3023:Successful TCH Seizures (Signaling Channel)
K3013B:Successful TCH Seizures in TCH Handovers (Traffic Channel)
Formulas in common use-2
TCH success rate(%)= K3010A:TCH Seizure Requests (Traffic Channel)
RA303G:Success Rate of Call Setup (Immediate Assignment) *

(100%-CM30:Call Drops on SDCCH/K3003:Successful SDCCH Seizures)*
CSSR(%)= (K3013A:Successful TCH Seizures (Traffic Channel)
K3010A:TCH Seizure Requests (Traffic Channel)
CH313:Successful Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover+

CH333:Successful Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers+
CH303:Successful Internal Intra-Cell Handovers
Handover outgoing success rate(%)= CH310:Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests+
CH330:Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests+
CH300:Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests
CH313:Successful Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover+

CH333:Successful Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers+
CH303:Successful Internal Intra-Cell Handovers
Radio outgoing HO success rate(%)= CH311:Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands+
CH331:Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands+
CH300:Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests
Wireless Access success rate(%)= (100%-TCH congesting Rate)X(100%-SDCCH congesting Rate)

9. SDCCH congestion
TOP 20 worst cells and DT method
Top 20 worst cells from statistics data
Compositor according to the cell level KPI’s
Select the top bad 20(or 10)cells in the main items according to times or rate
Analysis the relative bad KPI items
Solved the bad cells that affect the BSS level performance result
Worst cells
●BSC level
●Cell level
●TRX level
We can resolve the problems from

easy to difficult step by step.
DT method
Analysis the coverage rationality
Bad coverage area and betterment
Analysis the abnormal layer 3 message
Interfering analysis
Call setup failure analysis
HO parameters
PWR control parameters
Signalling analysis and compare method
Signal analysis method:
Signaling analysis method requires engineer master every step and statistic counter.
Trace the calls and analysis the signaling information
Analysis problems in the call-process step
Compare the counters in the call process step and find out the max lost count point.
Analysis the every detail call-process step
Find out the problem result
Parameter compare method:

Compare the same parameters in different BSC
Compare the different results in different parameter value
Get the best parameter results
9. SDCCH congestion
Boundary model of cells and BA table
HO Incoming
boundary,HO_in
Select boundary,
Reselect
HO outgoing
boundary,HO_out
BCCH neighbor list

Transmit in”system information message type 2” in BCCH
In use of select and reselect cells
64 cells max
SACCH neighbor list
Transmit in”system information message type 5” in SACCH
In use of handover
32 cells max
The two tables can be different,but they are almost the same in common use.
Process of mobile turn on (selection)
MS have not save the present BCCH info. (initial turn on)
Scan all the channel and assess the rx_lev in each ARFCN
MS tune to the max rx-lev，and judge if it is the BCCH
If it is the BCCH ,then MS try to decode the BCCH info.
MS select the cell as flowing
Decode info.correctly,and the cell is among the PLMN
The cell is not BARED;
C1>0
MS saved the present BCCH info. (When turn off)

MS scan the saved BCCH when turn on the next time
MS select the cell as flowing
The cell is not bared；
C1>0
Else MS check if there is correct cells in the neighbor list.
If there is one,then select the cell as service cell
If there are more,then select the C1/max cell
If there is no,then scan as the case of no BCCH info.
Cell reselection(C1&C2)
C1= (A - Max. (B, 0))
predigest=(Rxlev Average-rxlev_access_min )
thereinto:
A=Rxlev Average - rxlev_access_min
B= ms_txpwr_max_cch - ms Max allowed power
ms Max allowed power(ms pwr class)
ms_txpwr_max_cch(ms pwr class when access)
Reselect principle: (1)C1>0;(2)select C1/max cell
Ms occurs reselect cell in case of any one as below:

Downlink failure (DSC=90/bs_pa_mfrms timeout)
The cell is bared in BCCH
The C1 of the service cell is < 0 last 5s
Ms hasn’t reselect the cells in the past 15s:
To the same LAC, C1 of nei’s >present cell’s 5s
To the different LAC,C1 of nei’s >present cell’s value (C1+cell_reselect_hysteresis)
Ms not reselection if has reselected in 15s
C2=C1+CRO-TO*H(pt-t)+CRH (for PT< 31) PT-T<0, H(pt-t)=0

PT-T>=0, H(pt-t)=1
C2=C1-CRO+CRH (for PT= 31)
T: time from set 6 best
MS assess C2 of nei cell and service cell at least 5s
candidate cell to out of 6 cells
If C2of best nei cell>C2of service cell for 5s,then Ms select cell
If nei cell and service cell are in different LAC,should add CRH
Other parameters about reselect(1)
CBA:
No: normal, Yes: barred
PI:
No: C2 not used
Yes: C2 used，
PHASE2 MS reselection according to C2
PHASE1 MS reselection according to C1
CBQ:
No: normal；Yes: low
CRO: =2*n dB
TO: =10*n dB
PT: =20*(n+1)s
CRH=2*n dB
Cases:
 PI=0,C2 has no affect (suppose to the same layer)
micro A: C1=35,
macro B: C1=45,
so micro A: C1<macro B: C1, thus MS prefer to reselect B
PI=1,C2 have some affect (suppose to the same layer)
micro CRO=20，macro CRO=0
so micro A: C2=55,> macro B: C2=45, thus MS prefer to reselect A
9. SDCCH congestion
SDCCH and Location update
Ms will occur location update as follows: SDCCH traffic includes:
Choose a new LAC cell as the service Call setup (MOC,MTC)
T3212 timeout Location update
ATT(IMSI attach and detach) SMS
Roaming location update (inter mobile operators) ATT
Choose reasonable parameter with SD congestion cell CDB (cell database broadcast)
Partition LAC in reason
MS BTS BSC MSC
Choose correct parameter about T3212
Channel_req Channel_Required(2)
Add SDCCH channels
Active SDCCH dynamic configuration Channel_Active(3)
Choose correct C1,CRO,CRH
Channel_Active_Ack(4)
SDCCH process died (reset BCCH TRX)
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND (5)
SDCCH dynamic configuration parameters First SABM
SDCCH dynamic allocation allowed Establish_IND(Location Updating Req) (6)
switch-yes/no CR(Complete_L3)
Idle SD thrth.
TCH change to SD(for TCH>4 or TRXs) CC
Cell SD maximum Location Updating Accepted (10)
=SD configured +8
TMSI Reallocation Complete (11)
Tch minimum recovery times
minimum time from TCH to SDCCH and back to TCH (NOTE 3) Clear_CMD
Idle TCH thrth N1 Clear_CMP
When TCH change to SD,it is set a count as ResTIME.
And during the period of SD return to TCH,
if idle SD>N1+8, then count-3->0,SD return to TCH
If idle SD<N1+8,then count+12<=restime
If idle SD=N1+8,the not adjust.
9. SDCCH congestion
Reasons of congestion
Reasons of TCH congestion
Traffic not balanced between service and neighbors
Traffic not balanced between underlay and overlay in concentric
Hardware problem and some TRX OOS.
Traffic is more than the capacity.
Incorrect coverage area
Incorrect C1,C2 parameters
Incorrect HO parameters
Transmission problem
SDCCH congestion but TCH traffic low
Ways to resolve TCH congestion

Resolve the hardware and transmission problem
Traffic balanced to neighbors or lay with low traffic usage
Adjust azimuth and downtilt so that adjust the coverage and traffic
Adjust handover hysteresis,C1,C2,control the traffic direction
Adjust “min DL level on candidate cell” in busy cell
Active Half-Rate function
Lower “TCH traffic busy threshold%”
Active direct retry
Layer and priority
-PBGT handover
Allow load handover function
Add more TCH channels or more TRX
Balance the traffic between underlay and overlay
Normal Cell boundary model
HOIncoming
boundary,HO_in
Select boundary,
Reselect
HOoutgoing
boundary,HO_out
Control traffic by cell boundary

rxlev_access_min↘C1/C2↗cell radius↗SD/TCH traffic↗
rxlev_access_min ↗SD/TCH traffic↘congestion↘
Min_DL_level_on candidate cell↗difficult to incoming HOtraffic↘congestion↘
Adjust HO_hysteresisadjust handover boundaryadjust traffic between service cells and neighbors
Adjust PGBT HO thrsh. as –HO parameter  relief congestion
Adjust PI, CRO ,PT, TO, CRH,TX_power
Adjust TRXs/channels/cells/sites
Active Half-rate function
OtoU(UtoO) HO Received Level Threshold↘MS stay more time in overlay traffic in underlay↘
congestion in underlay↘
Abnormal boundary (-PBGT and pingpong HO)
1-setup 2-HO to nei cells HO to B
HO_out
HO_out. Rselect HO to A
Rselect RHO_OUT
reselect Reselect>RHO_out HO_in
RHO_in>RHO_out lead
C1= (A - Max. (B, 0)) to pingpong HO
predigest=(Rxlev Average-rxlev_access_min )
Thereinto :
A=Rxlev Average - rxlev_access_min
B= ms_txpwr_max_cch - ms Max allowed power(ms pwr class)
1, C1(cell A)-C1(cell B)=ΔRXLEV_BCCH-ΔRXLEV_ACCESS_MIN>0
2, PBGT(N)=-ΔRXLEV_BCCH >HO_MARGIN , so C1(cell B)-C1(cell A)＝HO_MARGIN+ΔRXLEV_ACCESS_MIN <0
MS will setup calls in the cell A,and handover to cell B immediately.
Note:
Need to select “inter-cell ho thrsh.” =0 and “PBGT ho thrsh”<64.
Inter-cell HO thrsh. In cell B to cell A Need more than the value from cell A to cell B
Or this parameter will lead to pingpong HO when using –PBGP HO process.
Eg.1: reselect>HO_out
HO_MARGIN A→B= -5, RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN=5(-105dbm)
HO_MARGIN B→A=8, RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN=5(-105dbm)
To cell A: ΔRXLEV_ACCESS_MIN+HO_MARGIN＝(5-5)-5＝-5<0
The ms setup calls in cell A ,and immediately handover to cell B
Eg.2: reselect<HO_out
HO_MARGIN A→B=-5, RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN=15(-95dbm)
HO_MARGIN B→A=8, RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN=5(-105dbm)
To cell A: ΔRXLEV_ACCESS_MIN+HO_MARGIN＝(15-5)-5＝5>0
The ms setup calls in cell A ,but not HO to cell B immediately
Direct retry and load HO
DR to the nei cells
Cell A
Cell B
MS2
RHO_out Rselect MS1
Sharing the traffic by DR Conditions of Direct Retry function

RHO_out
(suggest not allowed) MS setup in cell A,
No more free TCH channels in cell A
Active DR in cell A and B
There is free TCH channels in cell B
MS1 ho to B
MS1
load ho thrsh
RHO_out
MS1
Load ho band
Load HO parameters:
Load HO Load ho allowed (original cell and direct cell)
System flux thrsh. For load ho
Load ho thrsh.
Load req. on candidate cell
Load ho bandwidth
Load ho step period
Load ho step level
TCH drops
Reasons of drop calls Drop statistics items for BSC32 (9 items)
Interfering Unsuccessful TCH seizure (connection failure)
Bad rx_lev Unsuccessful TCH seizure (error indicator)
Unsuccessful TCH seizure (internal clear)
Bad rx_qual Unsuccessful TCH seizure (release indicator)
Coverage confused Unsuccessful TCH seizure (EMLPP)
Hardware problem and VSWR Unsuccessful cell internal handover with unsuccessful reversion
HO drops Unsuccessful BSC internal handover with unsuccessful reversion
Neighbor cell relations and data problem. Unsuccessful outgoing BSC handover with unsuccessful reversion
Antenna physical parameter wrong Unsuccessful incoming BSC handover (timeout)
K3022: Call Drops on TCH (Signaling Channel)=
Crossed feeder cables [Call Drops on Radio Interface in Stable State (Signaling Channel)] +
Wrong jump connect cables wrong in cabinet [Call Drops on Radio Interface in Handover State (Signaling Channel)] +
RLT, Sacch-multi-frame not correct. [Call Drops due to No MRs from MS for a Long Time (Signaling Channel)] +
[Call Drops due to Abis Terrestrial Link Failure (Signaling Channel)] +
Incorrect HO algorithm and parameters [Call Drops due to Equipment Failure (Signaling Channel)] +
TRX PWR class difference in the same cell. [Call Drops due to Forced Handover (Signaling Channel)]
Incorrect PWR control parameter. K3012A: Call Drops on TCH in Stable State (Traffic Channel)=
[Call Drops on Radio Interface in Stable State (TCH)] +
Wrong configuration data [Call Drops due to No MRs from MS for a Long Time (TCH)] +
Transmission not in stable [Call Drops due to Abis Terrestrial Link Failure (TCH)] +
[Call Drops due to Equipment Failure (TCH)] +
TMU version process problem [Call Drops due to Forced Handover (TCH)]
Radio link not balanced K3012B: Call Drops in TCH Handovers (Traffic Channel)=
Drop items for BSC6000 (3 summary items) [Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired) (TCHF) (Traffic Channel)] +
[Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired) (TCHH) (Traffic Channel)] +
K3022: Call Drops on TCH (Signaling Channel) [Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired) (TCHF) (Traffic Channe
K3012A: Call Drops on TCH in Stable State (Traffic Channel) [Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired) (TCHH) (Traffic Channe
K3012B: Call Drops in TCH Handovers (Traffic Channel) [Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T8 Expired) (TCHF) (Traffic Channel)]
[Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T8 Expired) (TCHH) (Traffic Channel)]
[Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired) (TCH) (Traffic Channel
9. SDCCH congestion
Call process of MOC
MSC BSC BTS MS
1 Channel Request(RACH)
2 Channel Required
3 Channel Activation
4 Channel Activation Ack
5 Immediate Assigment Command
6 Immediate Assigment (AGCH)
8 CM Service Request 7 CM Service Request(SDCCH)

9 CM Service Request
Estableish Indication 10 UA(SDCCH)
11 Authentication Request 12 Authentication Request(SDCCH)
13 Authentication Reponse(SDCCH)
14 Authentication Reponse
15 Ciphering Mode Command
16 Ciphering Mode Command17 Ciphering Mode Command(SDCCH)
18 Ciphering Mode Complete(SDCCH)
19 Ciphering Mode Complete
20 TMSI Reallocation Command 21 TMSI Reallocation Command(SDCCH)
22 TMSI Reallocation Complete(SDCCH)
23 TMSI Reallocation Complete
24 Setup(SDCCH)
25 Setup
26 Call Proceeding
27 Call Proceeding(SDCCH)
28 Assignment Request
31 Assignment Command(SDCCH)
32 SABM(FACCH)
33 Establish Indication
34 UA(FACCH)
35 Assignment Complete(FACCH)
36 Assignment Complete
37 Channel Release
38 Deactive SACCH
39 Release Indication
40 RF Channel Release
41 RF Channel Release Ack
42 Alerting
43 Alerting(FACCH)
44 Connect
45 Connect(FACCH)
46 Connect Ack(FACCH)
47 Connect Ack
Measurement Report(SACCH)
49 Prep_Measurement Result 48
50 Disconnect(FACCH)
51 Disconnect
52 Release
53 Release(FACCH)
54 Release Complete(FACCH)
55 Release Complete
56 Clear Command
57 Channel Release(FACCH)
58 Deactivate SACCH
59 DISC(FACCH)
60 UA(SACCH)
64 Clear Complete 63 RF Channel Release Ack
65 SCCP Release
66 SCCP Release Ack
Call process of MTC
MSC BSC BTS MS
1 Paging
2 Paging Command
3 Paging Request
4 Channel Request(RACH)
5 Channel Required
8 Immediate Assigment Command
9 Immediate Assigment (AGCH)
10 SABM Paging Response(SDCCH)
12 Paging Response 11 Paging Response(SDCCH)
Establish Indication 13 UA(SDCCH)
14 Authentication Request 15 Authentication Request(SDCCH)
16 Authentication Reponse(SDCCH)
17 Authentication Reponse
18 Ciphering Mode Command
19 Ciphering Mode Command 20 Ciphering Mode Command(SDCCH)
21 Ciphering Mode Complete(SDCCH)
22 Ciphering Mode Complete
23 TMSI Reallocation Command 24 TMSI Reallocation Command(SDCCH)
25 TMSI Reallocation Complete(SDCCH)
26 TMSI Reallocation Complete
27 Setup
28 Setup(SDCCH)
30 Call Comfirm 29 Call Comfirm(SDCCH)
31 Assignment Request
34 Assignment Command(SDCCH)
35 SABM(FACCH)
36 Establish Indication
37 UA(FACCH)
38 Assignment Complete(FACCH)
39 Assignment Complete
40 Channel Release
41 Deactive SACCH
44 RF Channel Release Ack
46 Alerting 45 Alerting(FACCH)
48 Connect 47 Connect(FACCH)
49 Connect Ack 50 Connect Ack(FACCH)
51 Measurement Report(SACCH)
52 Prep-Measurement Result
53 Disconnect(FACCH)
54 Disconnect
55 Release
56 Release(FACCH)
57 Release Complete(FACCH)
58 Release Complete
59 Clear Command
60 Channel Release(FACCH)
61 Deactivate SACCH
62 DISC(FACCH)
63 UA(SACCH)
67 Clear Complete 66 RF Channel Release Ack
68 SCCP Release
69 SCCP Release Ack
Circuit Paging (BSC level)
MS BTS BSC PCU SGSN MSC/VLR
1. PAGING
12'. PAGING
A1 13'. PAGING 11'. PAGING
REQUEST
REQUEST
A2
3. PAGING REQUEST 2. PAGING COMMAND
B1
BTS BSC MSC/VLR
4.CHANNEL REQUEST
5.CHANNEL REQUIRED CCCH LOAD INDICATION
6.CHANNEL ACTIVATION A1
B1 OVERLOAD
7. CHANNEL ACKTIVATION
ACKNOWLEDGE
8.IMMEDIATE ASSIGN
9. IMMEDIATE CMMAND
ASSIGNMENT
CCCH overload call flowing
10. PAGING 11. EST IND(PAGING A1: circuit paging PCH overloads of Abis interface
RESPONSE RESPONSE) B1: circuit paging CCCH overloads of Abis interface
C1
Circuit paging call flowing

A1: received circuit paging messages from MSC
A2: received circuit paging messages from MSC via G-s interface
B1: circuit paging command to BTS
Assignment (BSC level)
MS BTS BSC MSC
In Immediate Assignment or
IntraBSC Handover ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
A1
C1 D1
E1 G1
(directly retry)HANDOVER REQIRED G4 ASS FAILURE
H2
G5
(directly retry)HANDOVER FAILURE(REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE)
G6
G5
MODE (MODIFY)
MODE (MODIFY) ACKNOLEDGE
H4
(NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE,REJECT)
B 4B 5
G3 B3
CHANNEL ACKTIVATION G2
B 2 ASS FAILURE
CHANNEL ACKTIVATION ACKNOWLEDGE

(NACK)
B6
F3
.ASSIGN CMMAND
F3
SABM F1
ESTABLISH INDICATION H3
UA F1
F3
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE H3 ASS FAILURE
F2 C2
Assignment call process
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
A1: assignment requests
C1-C2: unsuccessful assignments(requested terrestrial resource unavailable
E1: unsuccessful assignments(invalid message content)
G1-G6: unsuccessful assignments(no radio resource available)
B2-B6: unsuccessful assignments(equipment failure)
D1: unsuccessful assignments(terrestrial circuit already allocation
F1-F3: unsuccessful assignments(radio interface fail,reversion to the previous channel)
H2-H4: unsuccessful assignments(other causes)
Outgoing BSC handover (BSC level)
MS BSC1 MSC/VLR BSC2 MS MS BSC1 MSC/VLR BSC2
HANDOVER REQUIRED HANDOVER REQUIRED

A1 HANDOVER REQUEST
B1 HANDOVER REQUEST
C1 HANDOVER REQ ACK
HANDOVER REQ ACK
HANDOVER COMMAND
D1 , E1, F1 HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER ACCESS
HANDOVER DETECT HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMPLETE HANDOVER DETECT
HANDOVER COMPLETE
CLEAR COMMAND HANDOVER COMPLETE
CLEAR COMMAND
CLEAR COMPLETE
A1, B1, C1 , D1, E1
Attempt outgoing BSC handovers CLEAR COMPLETE
A1: attempt outgoing BSC handovers
B1: attempt outgoing BSC handovers (from 900) Successful outgoing BSC handovers
C1: attempt outgoing BSC handovers (from 1800) A1: successful outgoing BSC handovers
D1: outgoing BSC handovers B1: successful outgoing BSC handovers (from 900 to 900)
E1: outgoing BSC handovers (900->1800) C1: successful outgoing BSC handovers (from 1800 to 1800)
F1: outgoing BSC handovers (1800->900) D1: successful outgoing BSC handovers (900->1800)
E1: successful outgoing BSC handovers (1800->900)
BTS BSC1 MSC/VLR
HANDOVER REQUIRED
Unsuccessful outgoing BSC handovers
HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER COMMAND A1: unsuccessful outgoing BSC handovers with successful reversion
B1-B3: unsuccessful outgoing BSC handovers with unsuccessful reversion
HANDOVER FAILURE
A1 HANDOVER FAILURE
CONN FAIL IND
ERROR INDICATION B1
B2
CLEAR COMMAND
B3
CLEAR COMMAND
CLEAR COMPLETE
Incoming BSC HO (BSC level)
Successful Incoming BSC handovers

A1: successful incoming BSC handovers
B1: successful incoming BSC handovers(900->1800)
C1: successful incoming BSC handovers(1800-900)
D1: successful incoming BSC handovers(900 to 900)
E1: successful incoming BSC handovers 1800to 1800)
F1: attempt incoming BSC handovers Unsuccessful incoming BSC handovers
A1-A5 : unsuccessful incoming BSC handovers
B1-B2: unsuccessful incoming BSC handovers(equipment failure)
C1-C3: unsuccessful incoming BSC handovers (other causes)
D1 : unsuccessful channel activation in incoming BSC handovers(NACK)
Immediate assignment (cell level)
MS BTS BSC
CHANNEL REQUEST
TCH-ATT-C 61 SD-ATT-C1
TCH-ATT-C 62 TCH-ATT-C1
TCH-ATT-C 7 TCH-ATT-BSC1
SD-ATT-BSC1
TCH-ATT-C 6
CHANNEL REQUIRED
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACKNOWLEDGE
SD-SUCC-C 1
TCH-SUCC-C 6
TCH-SUCC-C 1
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN CMMAND
EST_IND
SD-SUCC-C4
Immediate assignment process
SD-ATT-C1: attempted SDCCH seizures(all)
TCH -ATT-C1: attempted TCH seizures(all)
TCH -ATT-C6: attempted TCH seizures for very early assignment
TCH -ATT-C7: attempted TCH seizures for SDCCH overflow
SD-SUCC-C1: successful SDCCH seizures(all)
SD-SUCC-C4: successful SDCCH seizures for immediate assignment
TCH -SUCC-C6: successful TCH seizures for very early assignment
TCH -SUCC-C1: successful TCH seizures(all)
TCH -SUCC-C61: successful TCH allocation for very early assignment
TCH -SUCC-C62: successful TCH allocation for SDCCH overflow
Assignment (cell level)
MS BTS BSC MSC
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
TCH-ATT-BSC 2 TCH-ATT-C 2
TCH-ATT-C 8
TCH-ATT-C 9
TCH-ATT-C 10
TCH-ATT-C 5
QUEUEING INDICATION
TCH-ATT-C16 TCH-ATT-C14
(directly retry)HANDOVER REQIRED
TCH-ATT-C13
(directly retry)HANDOVER REQUEST ACK
TCH-SUCC-C13 TCH-SUCC-C21,22
TCH-SUCC-C52,53,54,55,56
TCH-SUCC-C82,83
TCH-SUCC-C92,93
CHANNEL ACTIVATION TCH-SUCC-C102,103
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK
.ASSIGN CMMAND
SABM
ESTABLISH INDICATION
UA
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
TCH-SUCC-C23
TCH-SUCC-C51,54,55,56
TCH-SUCC-C81
TCH-SUCC-C91
TCH-SUCC-C101
TCH -ATT-C2: attempted TCH seizures(all) TCH -SUCC-C21--23: successful TCH seizures(all)
TCH -ATT-C5: attempted TCH seizures for call TCH -SUCC-C51--53: successful TCH seizures for call
TCH -ATT-C8: attempted TCH seizures for MOC TCH -SUCC-C81--83: successful TCH seizures for MOC
TCH -ATT-C9: attempted TCH seizures for MTC TCH -SUCC-C91--93: successful TCH seizures for MTC
TCH -ATT-C10: attempted TCH seizures for call-reestablish TCH -SUCC-C101--103: successful TCH seizures for call-reestablish
TCH -ATT-C13: attempted TCH seizures for directed retry TCH -SUCC-C13: successful TCH for directed retry
TCH -ATT-C14: TCH queue requests TCH -SUCC-C54: successful assignments of speech v1 TCH
TCH -ATT-C16: TCH preemption TCH -SUCC-C55: successful assignments of speech v2 TCH
TCH -SUCC-C56: successful assignments of speech v3 TCH
TCH call drop (cell level)
MS BTS BSC MSC
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
CHANNEL ACTICATION
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK
.ASSIGN CMMAND
SABM
ESTABLISH INDICATION
UA
ERROR INDICATION
A1
CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION
A2
Call drop process

A1: TCH call drop (error indication)
A2: TCH call drop (connection failure)
Internal inter cell HO
MS BTS' BSC Ori-Cell BSC Des-Cell BTS'' MS BTS BSC MSC/VLR
MR
Handover algorithm ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
HANDOVER COMMAND
Intercell Handover Request
SD-ATT-BSC2 TCH-ATT-C11 HANDOVER COMPLETE
TCH-ATT-C17 TCH-ATT-BSC3
TCH-ATT-C3 ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
SD-ATT-C2
CH ACT A1, B1, C1, D1, E1
CH ACT ACK
Intercell Handover Response
DR incoming inter cell HO in BSC(simulate with SDCCH handover)
HANDOVER COMMAND A1: successful TCH seizures for intraBSC incoming cell handover
B1: successful incoming internal intercell handovers (from900)
HANDOVER ACCESS
C1: successful incoming internal intercell handovers (from1800)
D1: successful dual-band intercell handovers
HANDOVER DETECT
E1: successful incoming internal intercell handovers
TCH-SUCC-C17 SD-SUCC-C2
TCH-SUCC-C3 TCH-SUCC-C11 MS BTS BSC MSC/VLR
SABM
UA
.HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMPLETE
Inter Clear Request HANDOVER COMPLETE
(Handover Success)
HANDOVER PERFORMED
A1, B1 , C1, D1, E1, F1
Internal inter cell handovers

Non_DR incoming inter cell HO in BSC(simulate with SDCCH handover
A1: successful intracell handovers
TCH -ATT-C3: attempted TCH seizures(all)
B1: successful incoming internal intercell handovers
TCH -ATT-C11: attempted TCH seizures for intraBSC incoming cell handover
C1: successful incoming internal intercell handovers (from900)
TCH -ATT-C17: attempted TCH seizures for intracell handover
D1: successful incoming internal intercell handovers (from1800)
TCH -SUCC-C17 : successful TCH seizures for intracell handover
E1: successful dual-band intercell handovers
TCH -SUCC-C3: successful TCH seizures(all)
F1: successful incoming internal intercell handovers
TCH -SUCC-C11: successful TCH seizures for intraBSC incoming cell handover
successful incoming interBSC intercell handovers
SD-SUCC-C2: successful SDCCH seizures for handover,
successful SDCCH seizures(all)
Internal inter cell HO failure
MS BTS BSC MSC/VLR MS BTS BSC MSC/VLR
CHANNEL ACT
CHANNEL ACT
CHAN ACT NACK
CONN FAIL IND A4
CONN FAIL IND
A1 , F2 A2, B2
ERROR IND ERROR IND
A4, F4 A5, B4
CHAN ACT ACK
CLEAR COMMAND
.HANDOVER COMMAND
A6, F6
Old Channel
Old Channel .HANDOVER COMMAND ERROR IND
A6 , B5
ERROR IND
A5, F5, H2, J2 CONN FAIL IND
CONN FAIL IND A1 , B1
A2, F3, H1,J1 CLEAR COMMAND
.HANDOVER FAILURE A7, F7
Old Channel A3, B1, C1, D1, E1, F1, G1, I1 HANDOVER DETECTIOIN
HANDOVER COMPLETE New Channel
ERROR IND
New Channel HANDOVER PERFORMED A7 , B6
CONN FAIL IND
A3 , B3
HANDOVER COMPLETE
Outgoing internal inter cell HO failure New Channel
A1-A7: unsuccessful outgoing internal intercell handovers HANDOVER PERFORMED
B1: unsuccessful outgoing internal intercell handovers (channel mode unacceptable)
C1: unsuccessful outgoing internal intercell handovers (TA out of rage)
D1: unsuccessful outgoing internal intercell handovers (freq. not implemented)
E1: unsuccessful outgoing internal intercell handovers (timer expired) incoming internal inter cell HO failure
F1-F7: unsuccessful outgoing internal intercell handovers (other causes) A1-A7: unsuccessful incoming internal inter cell handovers
G1: unsuccessful internal intercell handovers with successful reversion B1-B6: unsuccessful incoming internal inter cell handovers(other causes)
H1-H2: unsuccessful internal intercell handovers with unsuccessful reversion
I1: unsuccessful outging cell handovers with successful reversion
J1-J2: unsuccessful outging cell handovers with unsuccessful reversion
Outgoing interBSC inter cell HO
MS BSC1 MSC/VLR BSC2 MS MS BSC1 MSC/VLR BSC2
HANDOVER REQUIRED HANDOVER REQUIRED

A1 HANDOVER REQUEST
HANDOVER REQUEST
HANDOVER REQ ACK HANDOVER REQ ACK
HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER COMMAND

B1 , C1, D1, E1, F1
HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER ACCESS HANDOVER DETECT
HANDOVER DETECT
HANDOVER COMPLETE HANDOVER COMPLETE
HANDOVER COMPLETE
CLEAR COMMAND CLEAR COMMAND
A1, B1, C1, D1, E1
CLEAR COMPLETE CLEAR COMPLETE
outgoing Inter bss inter cell HO attempted outgoing Inter bss inter cell HO successful
A1: attempt outgoing interBSC intercell handovers A1: successful outgoing interBSC intercell handovers
B1: inter BSC outgoing cell handovers B1: successful outgoing interBSC inter cell handovers(to900cell)
C1: outgoing interBSC inter cell handovers(to900cell) C1: successful outgoing interBSC inter cell handovers(to900cell)
D1: outgoing interBSC inter cell handovers(to900cell) D1: successful dual-band intercell handovers
E1: successful dual-band intercell handovers E1: successful outgoing intercell handovers(12 causes)
F1: attempted outgoing intercell handovers(12 causes)
BTS BSC1 MSC/VLR
HANDOVER REQUIRED inter bss outgling handover failure

HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER COMMAND A1: unsuccessful outgoing BSC handovers with successful reversion
B1-B3: unsuccessful outgoing BSC handovers with successful reversion
HANDOVER FAILURE
A1, C1 HANDOVER FAILURE
C1: unsuccessful outgoing cell handovers with successful reversion
CONN FAIL IND D1-D3: unsuccessful outgoing cell handovers with unsuccessful reversion
ERROR INDICATION B1 , D1
B2 , D2
CLEAR COMMAND
B3 , D3
CLEAR COMMAND
CLEAR COMPLETE
Incoming interBSS inter cell HO
MS Other BSC HUAWEI BSC HUAWEI BTS MSC MS BTS BSC MSC/VLR
HANDOVER REQUIRED HANDOVER REQUESTT
CHANNEL ACT
HANDOVER REQUEST
TCH-ATT-BSC4 TCH-ATT-C12 CHAN ACT ACK HANDOVER REQ ACK
TCH-ATT-C4 SD-ATT-BSC3
TCH-ATT-C15 SD-ATT-C3 QUEUEING INDICATION
CH ACT .HANDOVER DETECTION
CH ACT ACK
HANDOVER REQUEST ACK
HANDOVER COMPLETE
HANDOVER COMMAND A1, B1, C1
HANDOVER COMPLETE
HANDOVER ACCESS
HANDOVER DETECT
incoming inter bss HO Success
SD-SUCC-C3 A1: successful incoming inter bsc inter cell handover
TCH-SUCC-C4 B1: successful dual-band intercell handovers
TCH-SUCC-C12
SABM C1: successful incoming intercell handovers
UA
HANDOVER COMPLETE MS BTS New BSC MSC/VLR Old BSC
Incoming interbsc inter cell HO HANDOVER REQUIRED

HANDOVER REQUEST
CHAN ACT
TCH -ATT-C4: attempted TCH seizures(all) CLEAR COMMAND
A3
TCH -ATT-C12: attempted TCH seizures for inter bsc incoming handovers
TCH -SUCC-C4: successful TCH seizures(all) CHAN ACT NACK
A1
TCH -SUCC-C12: successful TCH seizures for inter bsc incoming handover CHAN ACT ACK
SD -SUCC-C3: successful SDCCH seizures for handover HANDOVER REQ ACK
HANDOVER COMMAND
successful SDCCH seizures for(all) .HANDOVER COMMAND
Old Channel
CLEAR COMMAND
HANDOVER DETECTION A4
New Channel CLEAR COMMAND
A5
CONN FAIL IND
A2
New Channel HANDOVER COMPLETE
HANDOVER COMPLETE
inter bss incoming handover failure

A1-A5 : inter bsc incoming cell handovers
Intracell HO
MS BTS BSC MSC/VLR MS BTS BSC MSC/VLR
(Intracell handover) (Intracell handover)
CONN FAIL IND
HANDOVER COMMAND
ERROR IND A1
HANDOVER COMPLETE A6 CLEAR COMMAND
HANDOVER PERFORMED .HANDOVER COMMAND A4
A1 Old Channel ERROR IND
A7
CONN FAIL IND
A2
Intracell ho success HANDOVER FAILURE
A1: successful intracell handovers Old Channel
A3 CLEAR COMMAND
A5
HANDOVER COMPLETE
New Channel HANDOVER PERFORMED
Intracell ho failure
A1-A7: unsuccessful intracell handovers
9. SDCCH congestion
MR pre-processing and voting
Consecutive MR flow Consecutive MR flow
MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR
N N+1 N+m+1 N+m+2

Interpolation m missing MR Filter length
MR pre-processing
 Each MR has a serial number. the network will fill up MR according to interpolation algorithm. When
the serial numbers are discontinuous (some MRs missing).
 The simple interpolation algorithm is linearity interpolation according the previous and the later MRs
when missing MRs occur.
 Calculate average results of several consecutive MRs to obtain current information, reduce the
influence of some abnormal MR for judgment of PWC or HO.
 The relation parameters: allowed MR numbers lost, filter length
MR voting (N/P) for GSM0508 protocol

N(N1-N8): MR numbers used to voting process in PC and HO
P(P1-P8): MR numbers exceeded voting threshold in PC and HO,
The process will be performed when the numbers of P over the threshold in N.
Parameters relation to PWR control: P1-4/N1-4
Parameters relation to HO: P5-8/N5-8
P/N5-8 >P/N1-4
 When the rxqual or rxlev is not good ,the system try to adjust PWC before HO
Power Control Overview
• Process of power control commands
– It takes 3 measurement report periods(3*480ms) from command
sending to execution.
BTS sends the command

SACCCH report period: BTS receives the
for power control and TA
26X4=104 frames (480ms) measurement report
in SACCH header.
SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3
MS begins to send the

In the 26 multi- MS adopts the new
measurement report of the
frames, frame 12 power level and TA
last multi-frame.
sends SACCH.
MS obtains MS begins to set up a new SACCH

SACCH block header to report the new TA and
power control message.
PWC algorithm overview
• Huawei PC algorithm: HW I and HW II power control
Measurement report
pre-processing
Yes
Power control algorithm

selection
GSM0508 power control HW I power control HW II power control

Algorithm (ordinary) algorithm algorithm
Parameters of ordinary PWR control window
MS: uplink BTS: downlink
UL PC allowed DL PC allowed
Rx-lev thrsh.for UL increase=20(-90) Rx-lev thrsh.for DL increase=20(-90)
N1/P1 Rx_lev thrsh.for DL decrease=40(-70)
Rx_lev thrsh.for UL decrease=40(-70) Rx_qual thrsh.for DL increase=5
N2/P2 Rx_qual thrsh.for DL decrease=1
Rx_qual thrsh.for UL increase=5 PC period
N3/P3
Rx_qual thrsh.for UL decrease=1
N4/P4
MS(uplink) are independence correspondingly and the PWC is rapid

Goal: adjust MS tx pwr to let BTS receive stable signal, reduce the uplink
interference, reduce power of MS.
BTS(downlink) is relations all the MS in this cell and the PWC is slow.
Goal: adjust BTS tx pwr to let MS receive stable signal, reduce the downlink
interference, reduce power of BTS
So it mainly means UL PWC in the Power Control process on this hand.
Ordinary PWC window
MS(UL): BTS(DL):
-70 Rx_lev thrsh.for UL decrease=40(-70) -70 Rx_lev thrsh.for DL decrease=40(-70)
-80 -80
-90 Rx-lev thrsh.for UL increase=20(-90) -90 Rx_lev thrsh.for DL increase=20(-80)
-100 -100
-110 -110
grade BER
0 0.14%(0-0.2%)
Rx_qual thrsh.for UL decrease=1
Rx_qual thrsh.for DL decrease=1
1 0.28%(0.2-0.4%)
2 0.57%(0.4-0.8%)
3 1.13%(0.8-1.6%)
4 2.26%(1.6-3.2%)
Rx_qual thrsh.for UL increase=5
Rx_qual thrsh.for DL increase=5 5 4.53%(3.2-6.4%)
6 9.05%(6.4-12.8%)
7 18.10%(>12.8%)
Huawei I PWC algorithm (average PWC)
 The adjust value
=(DL/ul rx_lev expected – current dl/ul rx_lev) * DL /ul rx_lev compensation
+[current dl/ul rx_qual – DL/ul rx_qual expected]*10* DL/ul rx_qual compensation
 The adjust value <MAX PWC step
 Stable level = current level + the adjustment value
MS: uplink BTS: downlink

Initial RX_LEV Expected DL RX_LEV Expected
Stable RX_LEV Expected>UL edge ho DL RX_LEV Compensation
UL RX_LEV Compensation DL Qual. Expected
UL Qual. Expected DL Qual. Compensation
UL Qual. Compensation MAX PWC Step
MAX PWC Step
BTS PWC Period
PWC Interval Filter Length for DL RX_LEV
MS PWC Period Filter Length for DL Qual.
Filter Length for Initial RX_LEV
Filter Length for Stable RX_LEV
Filter Length for Qual.
Power Increment after HO Fail.
Huawei II PWC algorithm (self-adapt PWC)
Lack of huawei I PWC algorithm:
Average PWC algorithm has a delay when system analysis the MRs ,so system can’t adjust rapidly.
System only analysis the past MR results and can’t expected the PC direct well.
Exit the oscillate cases when the PWC process is near to the expected value.
Huawei II PWC algorithm:

Adjust the LEV PWC direct in vary LEV value by comparing expected and current value.
Adjust the QUAL PWC direct in fixed QUAL value by comparing expected and current value
Assess the final PWC direct and PWC value by calculating LEV PWC and QUAL PWC synthetically.
When the PWC direction is the same ,the PWC value take the more value
When the PWC direction is opposition , the PWC is preferred to the value of “PWC by LEV”.
PC by lev PC by qual PC by lev and qual

↓ AdjStep_Lev ↓ AdjStep_Qul ↓ max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul)
↓ AdjStep_Lev ↑ AdjStep_Qul No action
↓ AdjStep_Lev No action ↓ AdjStep_Lev
↑AdjStep_Lev ↓ AdjStep_Qul ↑AdjStep_Lev
↑AdjStep_Lev ↑ AdjStep_Qul ↑ max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul)
↑AdjStep_Lev No action ↑AdjStep_Lev
No action ↓ AdjStep_Qul ↓ AdjStep_Qul
No action ↑ AdjStep_Qul ↑ AdjStep_Qul
No action No action No action
Huawei II PWC algorithm (PWC direct and value)
Adj. step_lev in UL:
 UL rx_lev<UL rx_lev lower thrsh. ,MS increase pwr
adj. step_lev=(UL rx_lev lower thrsh. +UL rx_lev upper thrsh.)/2-ul rx_lev
 UL rx_lev >UL rx_lev upper thrsh., MS decrease pwr.
adj. step_lev=ul rx_lev - (UL rx_lev lower thrsh. +UL rx_lev upper thrsh.)/2
 UL rx_lev lower thrsh < UL rx_lev <UL rx_lev upper thrsh,
no adjust pwr.
The adj. step_lev in DL ,adj.step_qual in UL/DL are the same as the adj. step_lev in UL.
PC by lev PC by qual PC by lev and qual

↓ AdjStep_Lev ↓ AdjStep_Qul ↓ max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul)
↓ AdjStep_Lev ↑ AdjStep_Qul No action
↓ AdjStep_Lev No action ↓ AdjStep_Lev
↑AdjStep_Lev ↓ AdjStep_Qul ↑AdjStep_Lev
↑AdjStep_Lev ↑ AdjStep_Qul ↑ max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul)
↑AdjStep_Lev No action ↑AdjStep_Lev
No action ↓ AdjStep_Qul ↓ AdjStep_Qul
No action ↑ AdjStep_Qul ↑ AdjStep_Qul
No action No action No action
9. SDCCH congestion
Summary and classification of HO
Summary of HO
HO can decrease drop calls and relief congestion when MS is moving
Ms report “best 6 neighbor cells” in MR and BSS votes whether HO occurs and direct nei cell
System sends “handover command” message ,and start HO process.
inside shows AFRCN,TS,BCCH,BSIC,PC level,TSC,HO cause, sync/Async about the direct cell.
MS send “handover complete” in the direct cell if MS handovers to direct cell successfully.
When MS HO to direct cell unsuccessfully,
if ms reverse to the source cell successfully,ms sent HO failure message to system
else if reverse unsuccessfully when the timer is timeout, HO call drop occurs in this case.
The message “assignment command/complete” is used in intra-cell HOs.
Classification of HO
 Emergency HO
 Timing Advance (TA) Emergency HO
 Bad quality (BQ) Emergency HO
 Rx_Level_Drop Emergency HO
 Interference Emergency HO
 Load HO
 Normal HO
 Edge HO
 Layer HO
 Power Budget (PBGT) HO
 Speed-sensitive HO (Fast moving MS HO)
 Concentric Cell HO
Priority level of HO
M.R.
preprocessing OMC forced HO
normal HO
Edge
Penalty Directed retry layer
processing PBGT
emergency HO
TA
bad quality(BQ) Fast moving MS
Basic ranking HO
rapid lev decrease
interfering
Secondary Overlaid/
ranking Load Sharing HO underlaid HO
Processing
program
HO voting
HO penalty and ranking rules
HO penalty process (second step of HO algorithm process )
 Penalty on the target cell when a HO fails.
avoid to the ms select this cell again in the next HO voting process.
 Penalty on the original serving cell when an emergency HO ( base on BQ and TA ) is performed.
avoid MS to be handed back to the BQ&TA cell again within penalty time.
 Penalty on other high priority layer cells after a fast moving HO is performed.
avoid MS to be handed back to the high priority layer again within certain time(layer priority grade is 4).
 A new HO attempt is prohibited within the penalty time after an overlaid/underlaid HO fails.
Ranking rules
M rule for ranking neighbor cells
it can be put into the candidate cell list only if the cells comply for following conditions.
To service cell: Rx_lev(s) –rxlev access min(s)-MAX(0,Pa(s)) > 0
Pa(0) =ms_txpwr_max_ccch(s) – ms_max_allowed_pwr(s)
To nei cell: Rx_lev(n) –rxlev access min(n)-max(0,Pa(n)) –min_access_level_offset(n)>0
K rule for ranking neighbor cells
Sort the result cells in descending order by rxlev according to M rule cells.
16bits rule for ranking cells:
Both the serving cell and the neighbor cells have their own 16bits value.
The smaller the value is, the higher the priority and position the cell is in the cell list.
Basic/Secondary Ranking(16 bit rule)
Co_BSC/MSC bit The 6 strongest cell and
Service cell =0 service cell rx_lev bit
If nei cells and S_cell are in co_BSC/MSC, 000-110 and the strongest
value is set 0 else 1 cell value is 000
If rx_lev(s/n) is lower than inter_layer_ho_thrsh. Layer and cell priority bit
and inter_layer_ho_hysteresis the bits are set 0 4 layers and 16 cell priority/layer=64
If co_BSC/MSC is not allowed the value is set 0. Pico is highest and umbrella is lowest.
If rx_lev(s/n) is lower than inter_layer_ho_thrsh.
Cell type bit
and inter_layer_ho_hysteresis the bits are set 0
Internal =0
external-=1
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Reserve bit Intercell ho hysteresis bit

Load sharing bit Service cell=0
Load(s)>load ho thrsh. Is set 1 else 0 Rx_lev(n)>rx_lev(s)+ho hys. Set 0
Means if it is load busy ,it is put a low else Set 1
part in the nei list Compare intercell_ho_hysteresis and
PBGT thrsh. The higher value is
effective in the HO type
Inter layer ho thrsh. Bit
Rx_lev(s)>=inter layer ho thrsh.-inter layer ho hysteresis
is set o, and 13,12,10-5 are set 0 ,Else set 1
Rx_lev(n)>= inter layer ho thrsh.+inter layer ho hysteresis
is set o, and 13,12,10-5 are set 0 ,Else set 1
Emergency HO and load HO voting
Emergency HO voting
 TA HO criterion :
TA of the serving cell > TA Thrsh.
 BQ HO criterion :
Uplink quality > UL Qual. Thrsh
Downlink quality > DL Qual. Thrsh.
 Rx_Level_Drop HO:
C1(nt)=A1×C(nt)＋A2×C(nt-t)＋…＋A8×C(nt-7t)
C (nt) is the uplink RX_Level of the serving cell in the MR received at the time of "nt".
Filter A1～A8=value-10(A1+…+A8=80)，
Filter B=compare value
If C1(nt)＜B and C(nt)is below edge ho edge_rx_lev thrsh, it is considered as RLD.
 Interference HO (DL&UL) :
rx_lev>rxlev thrsh.for interf. HO
rx_qual＜rxqual thrsh for interf. HO.
Load HO voting
Cell Load HO Criterions :
System load of BSC < system flux thrsh. for load
HO load > load HO thrsh.
Load of target cell < load HO threshold
Normal HO, fast moving HO and concentric HO voting
Normal HO voting
 Edge HO Criterion:
Rx_lev <edge HO rx_lev thrsh. In N/P
 Inter layer HO criterions:
Rx_lev(n) > inter layer ho thrsh. + inter layer ho hysteresis.
And target cell priority should be higher than the serving cell’s.
 PBGT HO Criterions :
PBGT(n)>PBGT ho thrsh. In N/P
PBGT(n)=Scell[Min(ms txpwr max ccch,ms max allowed pwr)–rxlev dl-PWR_C_D]
Ncell[Min(ms txpwr max ccch,ms max allowed pwr)–rxlev dl(n)]
Fast moving HO voting
When the serving cell is micro cell :
 MS moves the ms fast-moving valid cells (Q) in ms fast-moving watch cells (P>=Q)
within MS Fast_Moving Time Thrsh.
 MS moving time=2Radius/Velocity <MS Fast_Moving Time Thrsh.
Concentric HO voting
 Criterion from overlaid(small) to underlaid(large):
TA value >=TA threshold + TA hysteresis
Or Rx_lev <= Rx_lev threshold -Rx_lev hysteresis
 Criterion from underlaid to overlaid:
TA value <= TA threshold - TA hysteresis
And Rx_lev <= Rx_lev threshold + Rx_lev hysteresis
9. SDCCH congestion
Congestion, interfering and TRX
Problems:
 Interfering in PTCSCU-2(interfering level:-60~-80dBm), can not absorb any traffic
 PTCIJA-1-2-3 are decrease from 2/2/2 to 1/1/1 because of limit of transmission,
and blocked some timeslot
 PTCSCR-1-2-3 are congestion
Resolve ways:
 Replace cell from 900 cell to 1800 cell in PTCSCU-2 to avoid interfering, and absorb some traffic.
 Add more transmission timeslot and recovery to 2/2/2 in PTCIJA-1-2-3
 Make traffic balanced between PTCSCR-1/PTCIJA-3/PTCSCU-2
 Adjust azimuth from 240 to 270 in PTCIJA-3
 Adjust E-tilt from 2 to 7 in PTCSCR-1
 Adjust azimuth from 120 to 150 in PTCSCU-2
 Add a TRX in PTCSCR-1/2/3
Hardware problem- crossed feeder cables
Problems:
 There are more drop calls and handover failures times in each cell
 A little interfering in each cells in uplink(interfering band) and downlink(bad quality)
 MR are more in band 0~2 in path balance statistics result
 It showed crossed cables in this site: plan azimuth: 160/240/330, DT test 240/330/160.
Resolve ways:
 Have wrong frequency plan
 Get some frequency interfering
 Have wrong neighbor relationship
 Get some drop calls in each cells
 All statistics and DT test result are normal after adjust crossed cables
Hardware problem-TRX problem
Problems:
 TRX configuration:2/2/2 in URJDG-1-2-3
 TRX8(2nd in URJDG-3, 1 cabinet) can not seizure any TCH in several days
 Have “radio link alarm” in this TRX
 Can’t resolve the problems after swapping configuration data/slot in cabinet
 Result: TRX hardware problem
 Statistics results in cell and TRX level are normal after replaced TRX
Hardware problem-connecting cable wrong-3012
Problems:
 In TRX 5, TRX configuration is 3/3/2
 the path balance is main in RANK11, it
means that uplink is bad.
 Check on site, the RDX cables are
connecting wrong, it means there is no
RDX receiver in TRX5
 After adjust the connecting cable, the
path balance in TRX5 is normal.
Configuration wrong-HO between systems-2
 The external handover between QRBSCH(T4503XA,XB,T4504XA,XB) and KRBSCN3 (T3013XB),
from external BSC handover performance, handover normal from T3013XB to
T4503XA,XB,T4504XA,XB), but all handovers failures from 4503XA,XB,T4504XA,XB(Huawei) to
T3013XB(Nokia) with the reason of “invalid cell”.
 We checked the Configure external LAC data in MSC,BSC and The external information from
Irancell. the external cell information is the same.
 Make a trace in A interface.In the interBSS incoming handover requirement message, it is showing
that the external cell LAC=37F9(14329), but the LAC data which Irancell offered is 14327. this is
the problem why all outgoing interBSS handovers are failure from T4503XAXB,T4504XA,T4504XB
(Huawei) to T3103XB(Nokia).
 The results after modify the external LAC number in MSC and BSC
Configuration problem-frequency and hopping
 Handover success rate is low in T4524XA,
The target cell is T4106XA.
 Check the frequency between T4524XA hopping zone
and T4106XA, and found TCH channel are
the same in TCH=23 (not active hopping)
 Check the data near these two site, only
the sites in this zone are not active hopping
function. No hopping zone
 Active Hopping function in this zone, the
handover success rate is normal in
T4524XA.
hopping zone
Configuration wrong-TRX receiver mode in 3012
Problems:
 TRX configuration is 2/2/2, in TRX 10,11, handover
success times is low after expansion.
 Check the data, the received mode is wrong.
 After adjust, the KPI is normal
Configuration wrong- MSC information wrong
Problems:
 T4055,T4106 TCH seizure success times is 0. TCH traffic is low from incoming handover.
 Modified LAC number on 29th-Mar
 Wrong plan data (TABSCH6) and wrong BSC data in MSC(TABSCH2).
 TCH seizure normal after adjust the BSC information in MSC.
Configuration wrong-BA table losed
Problems:
 Drop call rate increased from 0.29% to 0.41% after some sites was cut over.
 RF drop call times are more than cut over.
 There almost no neighbor cells’ information in dedicate mode.
 But there are neighbor cells’ information in idle mode.
 BA1(BCCH) are not blank
 BA2(SACCH) are blank.
 Switch of “user input” are activate in these cells.
Result:
 Somebody activate the switch of “user input” wrongly when he made the autoconfig file.
 System only updated BA1 table, and BA2 need to added manually when “user input” are
activation.
Transmission-problem in connector
Problems:
 Immediate assignment fail times in BSC fail is 34672, this site is 17912(51.66%), immediate
assignment success rate is about 20%, it lead to immediate assignment success rate in BSC level is
97.4%. it has affected the network for more than 2 months.
 The problem is the transmission connector in DDF, the core (for signaling) and shielding (for ground
protect) cable are connected together, The signaling is connecting to the ground.. It will lead to the
transmission can’t bear any traffic and business, and TMU with alarms in all time. it is the reason of
why there are so many immediate assignment fail times.
 The KPI recovery to normal after re-do the connector
Interfering-channel interfering
 In T4313XB have interference on TRX5, and HOSR is low,
 The most idle channels are in band4.
 Modify TCH frequency channel from 27 to 28.
 After modified frequency T4313B HOSR recover normal.
Course contents
Chapter 2 GPRS/EDGE system
1. Review of the GPRS/EDGE system

2. Based technology
3. Data rate and coding algorithm
5. Statistics task and formula in common use
6. Call flowing in GPRS/EDGE
Review of GPRS/EDGE system
PSTN Network
OMC
HLR/Auc/EIR
GSM Core Network
GBSC A SS7 Network
MSC/VLR
Abis
Um
SMS-GMSC/IWMSC
MS Gs
Pb
GBTS
Gb Billing Center
EDGE PCU
SGSN
CG
GPRS Core Network
Um
GPRS Backbone
Gi
MT Internet
GGSN
DNS
TE
Review of GPRS/EDGE system
 POMU: packet operation maintenance unit

 HSC: hot swap controller
 RPPU: radio packet process unit
 13-15 for Gb interface
 Others for Pb interface
 2 boards of L2PU in each RPPU
 Each RPPU support 100 EDGE channels/max
or 120 GPRS channels/max
 Suggest 50%fixed/50%dynamic PDCH channels
Course contents

2. Based technology
Based technology
Total 52 frame =12blocks*4+4idle
TBF: Temporary Block Flow: physical connection in packet network. simulated with RR connection in GSM.
TFI: Temporary Flow Identity: flag of TBF. 5bit(value0-31) and the TFI belongs to especial TBF.
it can use the same or different TFI in one TBF
FBI: final block identity. 1 bit to indicator if it is the LAST RLC block
USF: uplink state flag: 3bit(0-7): control MSs to using channels with UFI in “dynamic type”
RRBP: Relative Reserved Block Period,3 bit(0-7) ,
defines the location when ms send to network with “packet control ACK”or packet DL ACK”
MAC mode:
Three type of MAC mode: fixed allocation, dynamic allocation, extend dynamic allocation
Fixed type:
BSS allocation data block for MS with fixed type. BSS will re-allocation data block
when the first data block finished transmission but still have data block.
Dynamic type:
BSS allocation data block for ms with temporary type.
BSS assign the USF in different PDCH channels,the packet data will transmission
if the USF are the same between MS decoded and BSS allocated.
Extend dynamic type:
simulate with “dynamic” but the timeslots can more than the timeslot capacity of MS.
RLC mode:
confirm mode:
each packet block need to confirm in each TBF with MS and network during transmission.
Or the packed block will resent until be confirmed by each other.
And TBF will release after be confirmed “finish” with each other.
Non-confirm mode:
need not to confirm in each TBF. TBF will release after finish transmitting the packet blocks.
Based technology
Classes of MS
Class A: can use circuit and packet business in the same time
Class B: MS can attach on GSM and GPRS/EDGE network in the same time,
but only can use one of circuit or packet business in the same time.
MS select GSM or GPRS/EDGE network automatically.
Class C: MS can not attach on GSM and GPRS/EDGE network in the same time.
MS select GSM or GPRS/EDGE network manually.
.Network operate mode:
 NO1: the core network send paging message in Gs(SGSN to MSC) interface.
MS only need to detect paging in one type of channel(PCH or PPCH).-with Gs interface
 NO2: paging message only be sent in PCH for CS and PS paging.
Because the PPCH is not configuration –with neither Gs nor PPCH
. NO3: paging message is sent in PCH (for CS) and PPCH (for PS),
MS need to detect PCH and PPCH message in the same time. –with no Gs but PPCH
LQC(link quality control mode)
LA: link adaptation: using different MCS scheme in same Family to retransmit
and can re-divided 2 RLC blocks to re-transmit.(bad BEP in low MCS, good BEP in high MCS)
IR: Incremental redundancy: different MCS scheme in same Family to retransmit
Multi-timeslots capacity(1-29)
it shows the capacity of MS in uplink and downlink for packet service.
1+4 or 2+3 timeslots in common by now.
Multi-TBF in PDCH channel:
it shows the capacity for TBF connection in each PDCH channel.
default value: 4 uplink+4 downlink TBF in each PDCH channels in the same time.
7 uplink TBF or 8 downlink TBF/max in each PDCH channels
Conversion among different states in MM
IDLE IDLE
P DP cont ext P DP cont ext
P DP deact ive or
P DP deact ive
Cancel Locat ion
READY READY
Implicit Det ach
Implicit Det ach
or
or
Cancel Locat ion
t imer exprit y
READY t imer expiry

READY t imer expiry or
or Force t o ST ANDBY
Force t o T ANDBY or
P DU t ransmission P DU recept ion
Abnormal RLC
condit ion
STANDBY STANDBY
MM State Model of MS MM State Model of SGSN

Three state of MM:
Idle: without available RA information
Standby: can implement RA update, selection, reselection, paging function,
finished attached to GPRS network
Can active PDP context, but no TBF,no transmission with data block
Ready: can send and receive UDP, selection, reselection, no paging, cell information
sometime with data block transmission in uplink/downlink on TBF
Course contents

2. Based technology
Coding scheme and rate
Modulating bits Symbol

D3i, d3i+1, d3i+2 parameter l
(1,1,1) 0
(0,1,1) 1
(0,1,0) 2
(0,0,0) 3
(0,0,1) 4
(1,0,1) 5
(1,0,0) 6
(1,1,0) 7
MCS-3
37 octets 37 octets 37 octets 37 octets

Family A
MCS-6 MCS-9
MCS-3
34 +3 octets 34 +3 octets
Family A MCS-6
padding
MCS-8
MCS-2

Family B
MCS-5 MCS-7
MCS-1
Family C 22 octets 22 octets
MCS-4
Modem type Coding Bytes in Rate PDCH Binding idle Family

scheme RLC/MAC (kbps) /16kbps ts(16kbps)/max
CS-(1-4)/ CS-1 23 9.05 1 / /
GMSK
CS-2 33 13.4 1 / /
CS-3 39 15.6 2 6 /
CS-4 53 21.4 2 6 /
MCS-(1-4) MCS-1 22 8.8 1 3 C
GMSK
MSC-2 28 11.2 1 3 B
MSC-3 37 14.8 2 6 A
MCS-4 44 17.6 2 6 C
MCS-(5-9) MCS-5 56 22.4 2 6 B
8PSK
MCS-6 74 29.6 2 6 A
MCS-7 2*56 44.8 3 9 B
MCS-8 2*68 54.4 4 12 A
MCS-9 2*74 59.2 4 12 A
kbps 59.2
60.0
54.4
50.0
GPRS 44.8
40.0
EGPRS
29.6
30.0
22.4
20.2
20.0 17.6
14.4 14.8
12.2 11.2
9.1 8.8
10.0
0.0
CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 MCS-1 MCS-2 MCS-3 MCS-4 MCS-5 MCS-6 MCS-7 MCS-8 MCS-9
GMSK mode 8PSK mode

Course contents

2. Based technology
TBF and packet performance
Uplink
 Number of successful uplink TBF establishment
 Number of uplink TBF establishment attempts
 (UL) TBF successful assignment rate (user defined)
 Number of uplink TBF abnormal release due to no channel
 Number of uplink TBF establishment failures due to no channel
 (UL) TBF congestion rate (user defined)
 Number of uplink TBF abnormal release due to N3101 overflow (MS no response)
 Number of uplink TBF abnormal release due to N3103 overflow (MS no response)
 (UL) TBF drop rate (user defined)
 Number of successful uplink assignments
 Number of uplink assignments
 (UL) successful packet assignment rate (user defined)
Downlink
 Number of successful downlink TBF establishment
 Number of downlink TBF establishment attempts
 (DL) TBF successful assignment rate (user defined)
 Number of downlink TBF abnormal release due to no channel
 Number of downlink TBF establishment failures due to no channel
 (DL) TBF congestion rate (user defined)
 Number of downlink TBF abnormal release due to N3105 overflow
 (DL) TBF Drop rate (user defined)
 Number of successful downlink assignments
 Number of downlink assignments
 (DL) successful packet assignment rate (user defined)
PDCH resource, access and retain
PDCH occupy
 Mean number of occupied PDCHs
 Mean number of available PDCHs
 Number of PDCHs occupied by downlink TBF
 Number of PDCHs occupied by uplink TBF
 Total number of PDCHs occupied by TBF
 PDCHs occupied rate
 Number of attempts at converting TCH to PDTCH
 Number of successful conversions from TCH to PDTCH
 Number of dynamic PDCHs reclaimed by BSC
Accessibility and retainability

 Packet Accessibility
 Packet Retainability
Formulas in common use
Number of Successful Uplink TBF Establishment
Packet Accessibility(%)=
Number of Uplink TBF Establishment Attempts
Number of uplink TBF abnormal release due to N3101 overflow (MS no response)
Number of uplink TBF abnormal release due to N3103 overflow (MS no response)
Packet Retainability(%)=100%-- Number of downlink TBF abnormal release due to N3105 overflow)
Number of successful uplink TBF establishment
Number of successful downlink TBF establishment
Number of Successful Uplink TBF Establishment
TBF uplink assignment success rate(%)=
Number of Uplink TBF Establishment Attempts
Number of Successful downlink TBF Establishment
TBF downlink assignment success rate(%)=
Number of downlink TBF Establishment Attempts
Number of uplink TBF establishment failures due to no channel
Number of uplink TBF abnormal release due to no channel
TBF uplink congestion rate(%)= Number of uplink TBF establishment attempts
Number of downlink TBF establishment failures due to no channel
Number of downlink TBF abnormal release due to no channel
TBF downlink congestion rate(%)= Number of downlink TBF establishment attempts
Number of successful uplink assignments

packet uplink assignment success rate(%)= Number of uplink assignments
Number of successful downlink

packet downlink assignment success rate(%)= Number of downlink assignments
Number of uplink EGPRS TBF abnormal release due to N3101 overflow

Number of uplink EGPRS TBF abnormal release due to N3103 overflow
Uplink TBF call-drop rate(%)=
Number of successful uplink TBF establishment
Number of downlink TBF abnormal release due to N3105 overflow

Downlink TBF call-drop rate(%)= Number of successful downlink TBF establishment
EDGE RLC/MAC performance
EDGE RLC/MAC DL performance
 Mean rate of downlink EGPRS RLC( kbits/s )
 Mean throughput of downlink single EGPRS TBF( kbits )
 Number of downlink EGPRS RLC control blocks(NUMBER)
 Number of downlink EGPRS RLC data blocks using MCS1~9
 Number of downlink EGPRS RLC dummy blocks(NUMBER)
 Number of MCS demotions on downlink EGPRS TBF
 Number of MCS upgrades on downlink EGPRS TBF
 Retransmission rate of downlink EGPRS RLC data block using MCS1~9(%)
 Total number of downlink EGPRS RLC data blocks
EDGE RLC/MAC UL performance
 Mean rate of uplink EGPRS RLC( kbits/s )
 Mean throughput of uplink single EGPRS TBF( kbits )
 Number of uplink EGPRS RLC control blocks(NUMBER)
 Number of uplink EGPRS RLC data blocks using MCS1~9
 Number of uplink EGPRS RLC dummy blocks(NUMBER)
 Number of MCS demotions on uplink EGPRS TBF
 Number of MCS upgrades on uplink EGPRS TBF
 Retransmission rate of uplink EGPRS RLC data block using MCS1~9(%)
 Total number of downlink EGPRS RLC data blocks
GPRS RLC/MAC performance
GPRS RLC/MAC DL performance
 Mean rate of downlink GPRS RLC( kbits/s )
 Mean throughput of downlink single EGPRS TBF( kbits )
 Number of downlink GPRS RLC control blocks(NUMBER)
 Number of downlink GPRS RLC data blocks using MCS1~4
 Number of downlink GPRS RLC dummy blocks(NUMBER)
 Number of MCS demotions on downlink EGPRS TBF
 Number of MCS upgrades on downlink EGPRS TBF
 Retransmission rate of downlink EGPRS RLC data block using MCS1~4(%)
GPRS RLC/MAC UL performance

 Mean rate of uplink GPRS RLC( kbits/s )
 Mean throughput of uplink single GPRS TBF( kbits )
 Number of uplink GPRS RLC control blocks(NUMBER)
 Number of uplink GPRS RLC data blocks using MCS1~4
 Number of uplink GPRS RLC dummy blocks(NUMBER)
 Number of MCS demotions on uplink GPRS TBF
 Number of MCS upgrades on uplink GPRS TBF
 Retransmission rate of uplink GPRS RLC data block using MCS1~4(%)
 Total number of downlink GPRS RLC data blocks
LLC and BEP performance
LLC DL performance
 Downlink throughput(kbits/s)
 mean length of downlink LLC_PDUs
 mean LLC_PDU bytes per downlink TBF
 number of downlink LLC_PDUs discarded due to FLUSH_LL received
 number of downlink LLC_PDUs discarded due to timeout
 total bytes of downlink LLC_PDUs received
 total bytes of downlink LLC_PDUs sent
 total number of downlink LLC_PDUs received
 total number of downlink TBFs
 total number of LLC_PDUs sent
LLC RLC/MAC UL performance

 mean length of uplink LLC_PDUs
 mean LLC_PDUs bytes per uplink TBF
 total bytes of uplink LLC_PDUs sent
 total numbers of uplink LLC_PDUs sent
 total number of uplink TBFs
 uplink throughput(kbits/s)
BEP performance
 Times of 8PSK_MEAN_BEP=1~32(times)
 Times of GMSK_MEAN_BEP=1~32(times)
Course contents

2. Based technology
Attach call flowing
Note:
step2: option, occurs when MS move to new SGSN
Step3: option,occurs when step 2 fail.
Step4: option,occurs if there is no PDP context active
Step5: option
Step6: option, occurs when MS move to new SGSN
or attach to network for the first time.
Step7: relation with step1. Occurs when IMSI attach
and Gs interface is configured
Detach ,packet paging, RA update(internal SGSN)
Detach: MS request Detach in most time .

Also can SGSN.
Packet paging: shows in Network Operator II
(PCH configured only)
RA updating : shows in internal SGSN.
PDP context active and deactivate in request by MS and network
Conversion between PS and CS
Conversion between PS and CS

Reason: relation with Class B of MS.
Initial state: PS mode (in attach or standby or ready mode).
Convert state: CS active (location update, cell reselection, incoming calls….)
Suspend: plug up from PS.
When finished CS ,MS will resume to PS mode (back to attach mode)
Establish TBF (1)
Establish TBF in PS idle mode
Establish UL TBF in CCCH
phase 1 access
phase 2 access
Establish DL TBF in CCCH
+T3164 +T3141
Establish TBF in PS transmission mode
-T3164 - Establish UL TBF in DL transmission
+T3168 T3141 Establish DL TBF in UL transmission
-T3168 Reset N3101
+T3190
For EDGE: EDGE packet channel request (11bit or 8bit)
and indicate phase 1,phase 2, short access inside.
For PS block:
require to phase 1 and try to phase 2 access in non-confirm mode
require and try to phase 2 access in confirm mode.
For PS signalling (MM):
require to phase 1 access.
There is TFI and defined TBF in “immediate assignment”
-T3190
Broken lines shows the phase 2 access polling information (TLLI)
Establish TBF (2)
Establish TBF in PS idle mode

Establish UL TBF in CCCH S/P: supplyment /polling:
 phase 1 access to indicator if RRBP is efficiency
 phase 2 access S/P=0: no efficiency
Establish DL TBF in CCCH S/P=1: efficiency
Establish TBF in PS transmission mode

Establish UL TBF in DL transmission
Establish DL TBF in UL transmission
UL transmission in confirm and NON-confirm mode
Ws: windows size64~1024, need (Vs-Va)mod(SNS)  Ws

relation with multi-timeslot capacity
Vs: 0~SNS-1 variable for sending state,
Vs’=Vs+1 when finish sending blocks of BSN=Vs
Va: 0-SNS-1 variable for ACK state,update from ACK/NACK message
If T3182 timeout ,then N3102-pan_dec, until n3102=0 TBF release

If ms receive packet uplink ACK for (vs<va+ws),then N3102+pan-inc,
Timeslots 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Window size 64~192 64~256 64~384 64~512 64~640 64~768 64~896 64~1024
In ONE TBF, WS only increase in RLC layer

WS : 64~1024
Relation with PDCH ts.
DL transmission in confirm and NON-confirm mode
MS BSS
..
.
RLC data block(TFI)
ÖØÆ
ôT3190
..
.
RLC data block(TFI,S/P=1(ES/P=01/10/11))
ÖØÆ
ôT3190
.
RLC data block(TFI)
ÖØÆ
ôT3190
Packet Downlink Ack/Nack

MS BSS
ÖØÆ
ôT3190
RLC data block(TFI)
.. ..
. .
RCL data block(FBI=1, S/P=1(ES/P=01/10/11)) RLC data block(TFI)
ÖØÆ
ôT3190 Æ
ô¶¯T3191 ÖØÆôT3190
Packet Downlink Ack/Nack(ÇëÇóÖØ´ «) ..
ÖØÆ
ôT3190
RLC data block(TFI£¬ÖØ´ «Ö¸ Ê¾)
..
Í £Ö¹ T3191
.
RLC data block(TFI)
. ÖØÆôT3190
..
ÖØÆ
ôT3190
RCL data block(FBI=1, S/P=1(ES/P=01/10/11))
Packet Downlink Ack/Nack(FAI=1)

Æ
ô¶¯T3191 ..
Í £Ö¹ T3190 Æ
ô¶¯T3192 Í £Ö¹ T3191 Æ
ô¶¯T3193 RCL data block(FBI=1, S/P=1(ES/P=01/10/11))
ÖØÆôT3190 Æô¶¯T3191
PACKET DL ASSIGNMENT/PACKET TIMESLOT RECONFIGURE
Í £Ö¹ T3190
(Control Ack=1) Packet Control Acknowledgement
.. Í £Ö¹ T3190 Æô¶¯T3192 Í £Ö¹ T3191 Æô¶¯T3193
. PACKET DL ASSIGNMENT/PACKET TIMESLOT RECONFIGURE
ÖØÆ
ôT3190 Æ
ô¶¯T3191 Í £Ö¹ T3192
Packet Downlink Ack/Nack(FAI=1)
..
(Control Ack=1)
Í £Ö¹ T3190 Æ
ô¶¯T3192 Í £Ö¹ T3191 Æ
ô¶¯T3193
.
ÖØÆôT3190 Æô¶¯T3191
Packet Control Acknowledgement

Í £Ö¹ T3190 Æô¶¯T3192 Í £Ö¹ T3191 Æô¶¯T3193
Release TBF in UL/DL
network MS network MS
PACKET TBF RELEASE

(release UL TBF，RRBP) PACKET TBF RELEASE
RLC DATA BLOCK (release DL TBF，RRBP) Stop detech DLPDC
(CV)
PACKET CONTROL ACKNOWLEDGMENT

PACKET CONTROL ACKNOWLEDGMENT
RLC DATA BLOCK To idle mode if there is no UL TBF

(CV=0)
Release UL TBF

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Statistics Data Analysis

and Optimization V4.0

Chapter 1 GSM system

System performance 1. Immediate assignment rate

Collect system data Neighbor list relation (internal and external)

Start optimization meeting Start optimization

Hardware solved and Hardware solved and system test

Coverage, frequency, Output coverage chat,congestion rate,drop

Neighbor relations Check and optimize the neighbor relation, correct

Optimize parameters Optimize parameters( general)

compare the performance

Optimization Optimization summarize and

GBSC A SS7 Network

Application layer(L3) Communicate MNG(CM)

Radio resource (RR)

Data link layer(L2)

RACH BCCH AGCH/PCH SDCCH SACCH TCH FACCH

Phy. link layer(L1) TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 ..SACCH ..TCH24 IDL

MS BTS BSC MSC

Um½Ó¿Ú Abis½Ó¿Ú A½Ó¿Ú

Common channel Dedicated channel

2, PATH LOSS (predigest formula, need to corrected in project)

A SACCH super-frames is made of 4 SACCH multi-frames.

Band hopping RF hopping

The parameters need to comply for these items:

Wrong crossed cables Yuanyang crossed cables

Wrong azimuth Confused coverage

Wrong Long/Lati Channel interfering

Overshooting and interfering Low coverage

Spliter problem Combiner problem

Jump cables problem in cabinet One TRX OOS in cabinet

Out of service (OOS) No main service cell

Wrong CGI in MSC

Process of RF drop calls

SDCCH drop rate (%)= CM30:Call Drops on SDCCH

TCH congestion rate (include ho)(%)=

K3022:Call Drops on TCH (Signaling Channel)+

K3022:Call Drops on TCH (Signaling Channel)+

RA303G:Success Rate of Call Setup (Immediate Assignment) *

CH313:Successful Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover+

CH313:Successful Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover+

Wireless Access success rate(%)= (100%-TCH congesting Rate)X(100%-SDCCH congesting Rate)

We can resolve the problems from

Parameter compare method:

BCCH neighbor list

MS saved the present BCCH info. (When turn off)

Ms occurs reselect cell in case of any one as below:

C2=C1+CRO-TO*H(pt-t)+CRH (for PT< 31) PT-T<0, H(pt-t)=0

Ways to resolve TCH congestion

Control traffic by cell boundary

RHO_out Rselect MS1

Sharing the traffic by DR Conditions of Direct Retry function

8 CM Service Request 7 CM Service Request(SDCCH)

64 Clear Complete 63 RF Channel Release Ack

67 Clear Complete 66 RF Channel Release Ack

Circuit paging call flowing

CHANNEL ACKTIVATION ACKNOWLEDGE

HANDOVER REQUIRED HANDOVER REQUIRED

Successful Incoming BSC handovers

CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK

MS BTS BSC MSC

CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK

Call drop process

Internal inter cell handovers