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386
 GLOSSARY
(Technical Terms and Abbreviations)
Alternating current (AC)An electric current, the flow of
which reverses its direction
rhythmically many times per second
Ampere: It is the amount of current which
flows through a resistence of one
ohm by a pressure of one volt.
Block rate A method of charging for electricity
in which the energy consumption (or
power demand) is divided into
differently priced consecutive blocks
Coincidence Factor The ratio of the maximum demand of
the composite load system to the sum
of the maximum demands of the
individual or component loads. The
ratio is equal to the unity only if
composite load demand occur at the
same time
Cold reserve A reserve of power plant available
for emergency duty, but not actually
running
Consumer Costs These denote that element of total
costs which is approximately
proportional to the number of
consumers, or to the number of meters
installed, regardless of the power
demand or energy consumption.
British Horse Power: It is a measure of electric power.
(B.H.P.) B.H.P. = 746 watts.
Busbar: A metal rod having a number of screws
by which connection may be made to
different electric machines or
circuits. Also, a point at which
generation plant is connected to the
transmission system.
Copper Losses: Losses of electrical energy due to
the heat generation in overcoming the
electrical resistence of the copper
and aluminium conductors.
direct current(DC) An electric current, the flow of
which is unidirectional; sometimes
referred to as "continuous current"

387
Diversity Factor: A ratio of the sum of the maximum
demands of the several consumers to
their maximum sinultaneous demand. It
is the inverse of coincidence factor
Extra High Voltage: It is the 220 KV, 132 KV and 66 KV
(EHV) transmission system. ·

Fluctuation Load Factor That component element of over-all

load factor which is due to load
variations during the hours when
electricity is being used

Frequency Used in relation to alternating

current to define the number of
double reversals of the direction of
current flow in a second
High Voltage(HV): It is the 33 KV and 11 KV
transmission system.

hours load facto? That component element of over-all

load factor that is due solely so the
hours during which electricity is
being used, regardless of load
fluctuations during those hours

Kilo Volt Ampere: It is a measure of "apparent"

(KVA) electric power. Product of current
and voltage (x1000).
Kilo Watt (KW): A measure of true electric power.
Product of KVA and power factor
Kilo Watt-hour: A measure of electrical energy,
(kWh) equivalent to one kilowatt of power
sustained for one hour. It is also
known as one unit of electric energy.
Load factor: Ratio of average load to maximum load
in a specified time.
Low Tension(LT): It is the 440 Volts and 230 Volts
electric supply.
Maximum Demand(MD): The highest demand for power within a
specified time at any point in an
electrical system. Usually averaged
over a thirty-minute or fifteen-
minute period

Megavolt-ampere(MVA): One thousand kva

Megawatt (MW) One thousand kw

388
Plant factor Ratio of average load on a plant to
the rated capacity of the plant, in a
specified time. ·

Power factor: Ratio of kilowatts to kilovolt-

amperes

Spinning reserve A reserve of power plant accounted

for by the difference between the
rated capacity of plant actually
running and the kilowatt demand on
that plant

Tariff: A complete system or schedule of

rates in operation, according to
which the consumers are charged for
electricity by the eneterprise.

Volt: It is a measure of electrical

pressure. It is the pressure which is
applied to a conductor having
resistence of one ohm will maintaian
in that conductor a current of 1
Ampere.

1 Kilo Watt (KW) = 1000 Watts

1 Mega Watt (MW) = 10 6 Watts

1 Kilo Volt (KV) = 1000 Volts

1 Million Units = 10 6 Kilo Watt

hours (Kwh)

389