Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Design – ChE Guide https://cheguide.

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DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER

DESIGN
B y C h e G u i d e ( H t t p s : //c h e g u i d e . c o m /a u t h o r /a n u k a t / ) | D e c e m b e r 2 9 , 2 0 1 5
( H t t p s : //c h e g u i d e . c o m / 2 0 1 5 / 1 2 /d o u b l e - p i p e - h e a t - ex c h a n g e r - d e s i g n / ) |

This article shows how to do design for Double Pipe Heat Exchanger and estimate length of double
pipe required.

Determine Heat Load

Obtain flowrate (W ), inlet, outlet temperatures and fouling factor for both hot and cold stream.
Calculate physical properties like density (ρ), viscosity (μ), specific heat (Cp) and thermal conductivity
(k) at mean temperature. Determine heat load by energy balances on two streams.

Q = mH.CpH(THot In - THot Out)

= mC.CpC(tCold Out - tCold In)

where,
mH , mC : Mass flow rate of Hot and Cold Stream
CpH , CpC: Specific Heat of Hot and Cold Stream
THot In , THot Out: Inlet and outlet temperature of Hot Stream
tCold In , tCold Out: Inlet and outlet temperature of Cold Stream

Calculate Logarithmic Mean Temperature Di erence (LMTD)

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LMTD = (ΔT1 - ΔT2)/ln( ΔT1 / ΔT2)

For Counter-current flow

ΔT1 = THot In - tCold Out

ΔT2 = THot Out - tCold In

For Co-current flow

ΔT1 = THot In - tCold In

ΔT2 = THot Out - tCold Out

Calculate Film Coe icient

Allocate hot and cold streams either in inner tube or annular space. General criteria for fluid
placement in inner tube is corrosive fluid, cooling water, fouling fluid, hotter fluid and higher pressure
stream. Calculate equivalent diameter (De) and flow area (Af) for both streams.

Inner Tube

De = Di
Af = π Di²/4

Annular Space

De = D1 - Do
Af = π (D1² - Do²)/4

where,
Di : Inside Pipe Inner Diameter
Do : Inside Pipe Outer Diameter
D1 : Outside Pipe Inner Diameter

Calculate velocity (V), Reynolds No. (Re) and Prandtl No. (Pr) number for each stream.

V = W / ( ρ Af )
Re = De V ρ / μ
Pr = Cp μ / k

For first iteration a Length of double pipe exchanger is assumed and heat transfer coe icient is
calculated. Viscosity correction factor (μ / μw)0.14 due to wall temperature is considered 1.

For Laminar Flow (Re <= 2300), Seider Tate equation is used.

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Nu = 1.86 (Re.Pr.De/L )1/3(μ/ μw)0.14

For Transient & Turbulent Flow (Re > 2300), Petukhov and Kirillov equation modified by Gnielinski can
be used.

Nu = (f/8)(Re - 1000)Pr(1 + De/L)2/3/[1 + 12.7(f/8)0.5(Pr2/3 - 1)]*(μ/μw)0.14

f = (0.782* ln(Re) - 1.51)-2

where,
L : Length of Double Pipe Exchanger
μw : Viscosity of fluid at wall temperature
Nu : Nusselts Number (h.De / k)

Estimate Wall Temperature

Wall temperature is calculated as following.

TW = (hitAve + hoTAveDo/Di)/(hi + hoDo/Di)

where,
hi : Film coe icient Inner pipe
ho : Film coe icient for Annular pipe
tAve : Mean temperature for Inner pipe fluid stream
TAve : Mean temperature for Annular fluid stream

Viscosity is calculated for both streams at wall temperature and heat transfer coe icient is multiplied
by viscosity correction factor.

Overall Heat Transfer Coe icient

Overall heat transfer coe icient (U) is calculated as following.

1/U = Do/hi.Di + Do.ln(Do/Di)/2kt + 1/ho+ Ri.Do/Di + Ro

where,
Ri : Fouling factor Inner pipe
Ro : Fouling factor for Annular pipe
kt : Thermal conductivity of tube material

Calculate Area and length of double pipe exchanger as following.

Area = Q / (U * LMTD )
L = Area / π * Do

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Compare this length with the assumed length, if considerable di erence is there use this length and
repeat above steps, till there is no change in length calculated.

Number of hair pin required is estimated as following.

N Hairpin = L / ( 2 * Length Hairpin )

Calculate Pressure Drop

Pressure drop in straight section of pipe is calculated as following.

ΔPS = = f.L.G²/(7.5x1012.De.SG.(μ/ μw)0.14)

where,
ΔP : Pressure Drop in PSI
SG : Specific Gravity of fluid
G : Mass Flux ( W / Af ) in lb/h. ²

For Laminar flow in inner pipe, friction factor can be computed as following.

f = 64/Re

For Laminar flow in annular pipe.

f = (64 / Re) * [ (1 - κ²) / ( 1 + κ² + (1 - κ²) / ln κ) ]

κ = Do / D1

For turbulent flow in both pipe and annular pipe

f = 0.3673 * Re -0.2314

Pressure Drop due to Direction Changes

For Laminar Flow

ΔPR = 2.0x10-13. (2NHairpin - 1 ).G²/SG

For Turbulent Flow

ΔPR = 1.6x10-13. (2NHairpin - 1 ).G²/SG

Total Pressure Drop

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ΔPTotal = ΔPS + ΔPR

Spreadsheet for Double Pipe Exchanger Design (https://cheguide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12

/Double_Pipe_Exchanger.xlsx)

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5 of 6 7/18/17, 8:07 AM
Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Design – ChE Guide https://cheguide.com/2015/12/double-pipe-heat-exchanger-design/

6 of 6 7/18/17, 8:07 AM