Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Paper (December-2017)
SET - C
1. If the transformer and diodes in the following (a) Doppler frequency shift of radar A will be
circuit are ideal, Find out the value of Capacitor one-fourth of doppler frequency shift of
R
(Co) provides 5% ripple voltage across RL. radar B
(Assume that sin–1(0.95) ~ 2/5 in radians (b) Doppler frequency shift of radar A will be
ln(0.95) = –0.051) one-half of doppler frequency shift of
TE
radar B
(c) Doppler frequency shift of radar A will be
RL = 1K
2v A 2 1000 2 104
(c) 8.7 F (d) 2.7 F fD,A =
A 0.1
M
=
2f RL therefore, Doppler shift of Radar A will be one-
fourth of Doppler shift of radar B.
Given, = 2.5, Vmax = 50 V
IE
R
1/m
10 106
fm = = 106 Hz = 1 MHz
5 2 m
TE
4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic
of Schottky Diode ? 0 TN Temp. T
(a) Thermoinic emission of carriers across
From above characteristic it is clear that
Schottky barrier
with increase in temperature, m
(b) Current conduction in Schottky diodes is increases first, reaches maximum at Neel
AS
by majority carriers. temperature T N and then starts
(c) Switching speed of Schottky diodes is less decreasing.
compared to p-n junction diodes. Below Neel temperature T N, material
(d) Schottky diode comprises of Metal- behaves as antiferromagnetic and above
Semiconductor junction it behaves as paramagnetic.
Ans. (c) 6. In metals, the thermal conductivity K and
M
R
valve tubes not used at microwave frequencies
(d) First increase then decrease is that their.
Ans. (d) (a) Noise increase
Sol. A typical magnetisation curve of a
ferromagnetic material is given as,
B
Rotation of
magnetisation
Irreversible
TE (b)
(c)
(d)
It has less transit time
Shunt capacitive reactance become too
large
Series induction reactance become too
small
AS
domain
wall motion
Ans. (a)
Reversible domain wall motion Sol. As frequency increases, vacuum tubes suffer
0 from two general kind of problem. The 1st is
concerned with inter electrode capacitances
Since, B = 0 rH and inductances, and the second is caused
M
Hence, from the above curve, we can say that network as shown. Find out the Y parameter
r of ferromagnetic material first increases and of the whole network.
IE
1
then decreases.
8. The cavity magnetron uses strapping to
1 2
(a) Prevent mode jumping
5 2
(b) Prevent cathode back-heating 1 3
1 2
(c) Ensure bunching
(d) Improve the phase focussing effect
6 1 6 3
Ans. (a) (a) (b)
0 4 2 4
9. The TW T is sometimes preferred to the
magnetron as a radar transmitter output tube 4 1 3 1
because it is (c) (d)
0 2 1 2
Ans. (a) 12. For the circuit shown below, Z1 = K1 × (s + 2)/
Sol. (s + 5). Find Z2, where K1 and K2 are constants
containing circuit element values.
1
I1
R2
R
1 2
I1 I1 5 2 R1 Ls
1 3
1 2 Z1 Z2
TE
1 (a) K2 × s/(s + 5)
I1 I2 (b) (s + 5)/(s × K2)
V1 V2 (c) K2 × s/(s + 6)
(d) (s + 6)/(s × K2)
AS
Ans. (a)
Sol.
Y 12
R2
Y22 + Y12 R1 Ls
Y11 + Y12
M
Z1 Z2
y12 = y21 = –1 z1 = (R2 + Ls) || R1
R1(R2 Ls) L
y11 = 1 y22 = 1 = =
R1 R2 Ls R R2
y-parameters of L s 1
L
IE
R
R1 s 2
L
= R R2
s 1
L
(s 2)
1 1 Given, z1 = K1
= (s 5)
1 1
R2
5 2 1 1 =2 ...(i)
Overall y-parameter = L
1 3 1 1 and, K1 = R1
6 1 R1 R2
= =5
0 4 L
R1 (b) Mag.
=5–2=3 ...(ii)
L
z2 = (R1 + R2) || sL T
time
T/2
(R1 R2 )sL
= R R sL
1 2
R
s(R1 R2 ) s(R1 R2 ) (c) Mag.
= =
R R2 s5
s 1
L
+T/2
TE
time
Ks –T/2
=
s5
13. The R = 1/3 convolution encoder defined by
transfer functions (d)
Mag.
H1(z) = 1 + z–1
AS
H2(z) = 1 + z–2
time
H3(z) = 1 + z–1 + z–2 is T/2
14. The match filter response for given signal Matched filter
sampled at t = T is h(t) = s(T – t)
Mag.
IE
S(t)
time
T/2 T
0 t
T T
2
(a) Mag.
T/2
time
T
S(t + T) Where V is valid bit indicator, it is set 1 where
one or more inputs are equal to 1.
A = I3 I2 I1 I3
t
–T T B = I3 I2 I3
0
R
2
Expression of B is not written correctly in ques-
tion
TE
S(T – t) 16.
Z
t C
T T
0
2
AS
B
The output Z =
15. Consider the output A and B with I0, I2, I2 and
I3 as input (a) AC AB (b) ABC
A I3 I2 I1 I3
(c) ABC + ACB (d) ABC + CB
M
B I 3 I1 I3
Ans. (b)
The above circuit is
Sol.
(a) 4:1 Multiplexer (b) De-Multiplexer
(c) BCD circuit (d) Priority Encoder A Y3
S
Ans. (d) Y1
Z
C
Sol.
IE
I0
B
I1 B Y2
I2 A
I3 Z = Y3 + Y2
4 to 2 priority encoder Y3 = ABY1
I3 I2 I1 I0 B A V
0 0 0 0 0
Y3 = AB AC = AB(A C) = ABC
0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Y2 = ABC
0 0 1 0 1 1 Z = Y3 + Y2 = ABC + ABC
0 1 1 0 1 Z = ABC
1 1 1 1
17. Consider the shift register 18. An air filled rectangular waveguide R 1 is
A B operating at the frequency 2 GHz and another
x air filled rectangular waveguide R2 is operating
at 4 GHz. The guide wavelengths of these
waveguides at their respective frequencies are
2fs equal. If the cut-off frequency of waveguide R1
The frequency of signal x is fs and the shift is 1 GHz, what is the cut-off frequency of the
waveguide R2 in GHz ?
R
register is clocked at the positive edge of 2fs.
The time offset between A and B is (a) 10 (b) 11
(a) 1/(2fs) (b) 1/fs (c) (d)
12 13
(c)
Ans. (b)
Sol.
3/(2fs)
A
(d) 1/(4fs)
Z B
TE Ans. (d)
Sol. Waveguide R1
f 1 = 24 Hz 1
C 3 108
f1 2 10 9
3
20
0.15
AS
1
Guided wavelength g1 2
2fs
fc
1 1
f1
Ts
2
Waveguide R2, g2
M
2
fc
1 2
f2
Ts/2
C 3 108
f 2 = 4 GHz 2 0.075
f2 4 109
S
0 0 0 0
1 2
Ts
1 1 0 0 2 2
fc fc
2 1 1 1 2
Ts f1 f2
2 0 1 0
2 0.15 0.075
Ts 2 2
3 1 0 1 1 fc
2 1 1 2
2 4
Data reaches to A after Ts/2
Same data reaches to B after 3Ts/2 0.15 2 0.075
3 2
3Ts Ts 1 fc
Offset time = 2 2 Ts f 1 2
s 4
2
fc 0.075 3 r r 4 …(i)
1 2 0.43
4 0.15 2 Intrinsic impedance
2
fc r
1 2 0.1875 = 120
4 r
R
2
fc 2 r
0.8125 90 120
4 r
TE
fc 2
0.9013 3 r
4
4 r
fc 2 3.6 GHz
r 9
…(ii)
or r 16
AS
2
fc 2 From (i) and (ii)
0.8125
16 36
2
r
fc22 13 16
r 1.5
fc 2 13 GHz
M
4
19. An electromagnetic wave propagates through 2r 16
9
a lossless insulator with a velocity 1.5 × 1010
cm/s. Calculate the electric and magnetic r 2.66
properties of the insulator if its intrinsic
S
impedance is 90 ohm.s 20. A square waveguide carries TE11 mode whose
axial magnetic f ield is giv en by
(a) r 2.66 r 1.5
x y
IE
R
Hx = H0 cos cos
a b Applying, KCL of inverting node,
x) y Vn Vn VCC Vn V0
Hx = H0 cos cos 0
TE
a b 3.3 3 10
21. The ramp signal (Vt:0 to 5V) is compared with = 100 × 103 × 10–9
the Soft-Start Signal provided by N-channel
= 100 sec
MOSFET (Q1) for Amplifier (A1) output. If Q1
having low threshold voltage of 0.7 V and N-channel MOSFET will conduct when VG >
S
t = 15 sec
VCC = 5V
10K i.e. of after t = 15 sec MOSFET will be ON,
3K
Vt Ouput and comparator will give +ve logic before t =
C1
A1 Q1 15 sec , comparator will give –ve logic
3.3K
2.5V dc because, Vt V0 1.75 V
5V dc 100K 1nF
after t = 100+ sec = T Non inverting terminal
(a) 17.4% (b) 34.8% voltage = 1.75 V > inverting terminal voltage,
so comparator will give +ve logic, and
(c) 0% (d) 50% comparator will give –ve logic when inverting
Ans. (b) terminal voltage will be greater than 1.75 V.
Equation of ramp Ans. (a)
5 Sol. V0/P = V1 + V2 + V3 V0/P = 4V
Vt = t , where, T = 100 sec
T V1 : V2 : V3 = 1 : 2 : 1
if, Vt = 1.75 V
If V1 = V, V2 = 2V V3 = V
1.75 100
35 sec V2 V3
R
t =
5 V1
V1 V2 V3 2 3
i.e. after t = 135 sec , comparator will give – Vin =
1 1
ve logic, upto t = 200 sec
TE
2V V 2 1
V V 1
TON 2 3 2 3
+ V sat = =
1 1
t V0/P 41
4V
– Vsat = V 2 1
1 2 1
in
AS
V 1
T
200 sec 2 3 2 3
100 sec
135 sec 1
TON 135 100 412 3
Duty cycle = 35% = 2
T 100 2 3 3 2
22. A high speed digital Subsystem requires three 23. For the silicon transistor shown in the figure
M
voltages V1, V2 and V3 with 1:2:1 power ratings below, the value of IB is?
respectively. The power supply is designed with
VEE= –8V
the distribute power conversion scheme as
shown in the following figure. What is the
RE=2.4 k
overall power conversion efficiency?
S
IE
Primary V1
Vin Converter RB=1.9 k
(Efficiency=1)
IE
Secondary V2 = 100
Converter Digital VCC=10 V
(Efficiency=2) Systems (a) 26.47 A (b) 52.94 A
Secondary V3 (c) 13.235 A (d) 30.11 A
Converter
(Efficiency=2)
Ans. (d)
4 1 2 3 Sol. Applying KVL in base emitter loop.
(a) 23 2 3 2
8 = VBE + 2.4IE
1 2 3
(b) 7.3
23 2 3 2 IE = mA
2.4
4 1 2 3 IE
(c) 2 3 2 3 IB =
1
2 1 2 3 7.3
(d) 2 3 2 3 IB = = 30.11 µA.
2.4 101
24. Which one of the following statement is not Autocorrelation function and energy spectral
true for static random access memory (SRAM) density form a Fourier transform pair.
(a) Static RAM stores data in the form of R xx () R xx ()
charge
Autocorrelation function of a real valued energy
(b) They have low capacity, but offer high signal is a real valued even function.
speed
Rxx(0) = E(x2(t)) = Average power of signal x(t)
(c) It doesn’t require periodic refreshing
R
26. The Eddy current loss is proportional to the
(d) They are made up of six CMOS transistor
(a) Frequency
Ans. (a)
(b) Square of the frequency
Sol.
Static Ram vs Dynamic Ram
27.
(c)
(d)
Ans. (b)
Cube of the frequency
Square root of the frequency
(d) are correct about SRAM. RB
R
VP RB VD
Iin = R = R R R
S A B S
–fc fc
TE
RA RB RA
VD = R IinRS = 1 IinRS x(t)
B RB
x(t)
A B
28. From the following Relative amplitude vs
Frequency plot, identify the type of noise which
j
the sections A, B, C and D depict.
AS
Mag.
y
6
10
Freq.
B
Amplitude
A
Relative
C Mag. Mag.
M
1
10 D
j
(a) A=
Freq.
B =
Freq.
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 –fc
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 –j
Frequency (Hz)
S
Mag. Mag.
i. Thermal Noise
j
ii. Power line pick up
(b) A= B =
iii. Power supply (EPC) switching noise Freq.
IE
Freq.
x(t) –fc
f
A B y(t) fc
x1(t) x2(t)
–1
R
j
X(f)
x(t)
(x2(t)) +x(t) X2(f) + x(f)
–fc
Y(f)
fc
f
TE 1
0 fc
f
AS
Output
y(t)
f Spectrum of B
0
M
f
Steps : (i) Remove negative frequency spectrum. –fc
(ii) Shift positive frequency spectrum f c Output (y(t)) : Y(f)
times leftward.
X(f)
S
f
IE
f
–fc fc
Ea aˆ x aˆ y E r, , .
–j
Find the polarization loss factor.
(a) 1/2 (b) 3/2 Sol.
(c) 2/3 (d) 1/4 P2–
Ans. (a) +
Port 2
P1
Sol. Z02
Z01
R
jkz
Ei aˆ xE0e Port 1
Z03
TE
Port 3
–
P
3
Ea (aˆ x aˆ y ) E(r, , )
Port (2) and port (3) are terminated into
matched loads.
AS
Linearly Z02 Z03
polarized Z01 = Z Z
02 03
antenna
Polarisation Loss Factor: Z02
+
P1
2
Einci ETrans
PLF = 2 2
M
2
aˆ x (aˆ x aˆ y )
PLF = 2 2 Z03
aˆ x aˆ x aˆ y
S
R
(a) De-Multiplexer (b) Multiplexer M is input 32 bit
(c) Y = I0 (A0 + A1) (d) Y I0 A1 A 0 F is synchronized frequency for Ex OR and
register
TE
Ans. (b)
Sol. If M is initially cleared then frequency of Y is
F/232
A0 A0 I0
MF
Y M is having some value then .
232
AS
I0
34. A gain-standard horn is known to have a gain
A1 A1 I0 G = 10. It is being used to measure the gain
of a large directional antenna by the
Y = A 0I0 A1 I 0 comparison method. When the antenna being
measured is connected to the receiver it is
I0 Y
M
Y
MUX (a) 13 db (b) 23 db
A0 1
I0 (c) 33 dB (d) 230 dB
IE
Ans. (c)
33. The frequency of the output Y is Sol. Let gain of unknown antenna = G1(dB)
Gain of horn antenna, G = 10 = 10 dB
M 32 32
X Y Let receiver loss = L
32
F F Output of the receiver when horn is used is equal
MF 2MF output of unknown gain antenna is used plus
(a) (b) loss of alternator.
232 232
F 232 F L(receiver) + G = L + G1 – 23 (alternator)
(c) 32 (d)
2 M G1 = 33 dB
Ans. (a)
35. A paraboloidal-reflector antenna is designed Ans. (c)
for operation at 3 GHz. Its largest aperture
Sol. Rrad = 12
dimension is 20 feet. It is desired to build a
scale model of this antenna with the largest Rloss = 8
apeture dimension scaled to 18 inches. At what
frequency must this model be operated in order GP (, ) = 16
R
to have the same pattern as the full-size Directive gain × r = Power gain
antenna ?
(a) 10 GHz (b) 20 GHz GP (, ) r Gd (, )
TE
(c) 40 GHz (d) 4 GHz r = Radiation efficiency
Ans. (c) GP (, )
Gd (, ) =
2 2 r
D D
Sol. 6 1 6 2 Rrad 72 72 9
1 2
AS
r =
Rrad Rloss 72 8 80 10
D1 D2
16 10 160
1 2 Gd (, ) =
9 9
D2 1
2 160
D1 Directivity = Gd ( , ) max 17.8
9
M
R
= 2
0.0059 10 dx
= 105
2x
TE
1 2
2 x 5 22
Skin depth = lim 1/ 3
x 2 2x 2 2 3 2
10 m 40. What is the R.M.S of following waveform if the
average value is zero ?
38. A random variable z, has a probability density
AS
function f(z) where f(z) = e–z 0 z , the
4V
probability of 0 z 2 will be approximately.. 0
T/2
(a) 0.368 (b) 0.135
T
(c) 0.393 (d) 0.865
17 8
Ans. (d) (a) V (b) V
M
3 3
Sol. f z(z) = e–z 0z
5 1
(c) V (d) V
2 3 3
P(0 z 2) 0 fz (z) dz Ans. (c)
S
2 z Sol.
= 0 e dz
x(t)
z 2
[e ]
IE
=
1 4V
0 t
= –[e–2 – 1] t1
A
= 1 – e–2 T/2
T
= 0.865
xavg = 0
x2 5 3
39. Evaluate lim 1 AT 1 T
x 2 x2 2 x A.t1 = t1 4 A
2 2 2 2
(a) 1/3 (b)
AT1 AT 1 AT
(c) –3 (d) 0 = 2T 4 t1 A t1
2 2 2 2
Ans. (a)
3 AT 41. A radar system uses TWTA as high power RF
= T – 2t1 ...(i) source for transmiting 300 W Peak Power. The
4
efficiency of transmitter during pulse is 75%
A 4 and the transmit duty is 25%. If the DC power
t1 = T / 2 required during pulse off period is 20W. The
average power dissipation in TWTA is
R
1 8
t1 = T (a) 81.25 W (b) 125 W
(c) 50 W (d) 40 W
AT
TE
t1 = ...(ii) Ans. (d)
8
Put the value of t1 in equation (i) TH TL
Sol.
3 AT AT
= T 2. T
4 84
AS
Given data,
3 AT AT
=T Ptr = 300 W
4 4
AT = T
tr = 75%
A 1
% D = 25%
M
T Pdc = 20 W
t1
8
To find Pavg.
8 T Duty cycle is 25%
x(t) = t 1, 0 t = –1, T/2 < t < T
T 2
S
TH
% D = T T 100% 25%
T H L
1 2
d t dt.
T 0
RMS of x(t) =
IE
T 3T
So, TH = , TL =
4 4
T/2 2 T
1 8
Now, during pulse ON :
= t 1 dt 12 dt
T 0
T T/2 Ptr = 300 W,
1
T /2
64 2 16 T = 75%
= 2 t 1 t dt
T T T 2
0 Ptr
= P
del
1 64 T 3 8 T 2
= T
T 37 2
8 T 4 Ptr 300
Pdel = × 100 = 400 W
75
1 5 5
= T= Pdissipated Pdel – Ptr = 400 W – 300 W
T 3 3
= 100 W
Now, during pulse off : Ans. (c)
Pdc = 20 W Sol. 1/f noise is known as flicker noise. 1/f (flicker)
noise of MOSFET is much higher than BJT. So,
Pdissipated = Pdc = 20 W flicker noise is dominant in MESFET than BJT.
Avg. power dissipation in TWTA. 44. Which factor determines the range resolution
of a radar ?
T 3T 1
Pavg = 100 20 (a) Size of the antenna
4 4 T
R
= 25 + 15 = 40 W (b) Bandwidth of the transmitted pulse
42. Which of the following is NOT true about opto- (c) Power radiated form the antenna
(d) Centre frequency of the radar
TE
couplers ?
(a) It is a solid state device to isolate two Ans. (b)
parts of a circuit Sol. Range resolution depends on the width of
(b) It can act as an input device or output transmitted pulse, the types of targets and the
device but not both efficiency of the receiver and indicator. Pulse
width is the primary factor in range resolution.
AS
(c) Combines a Light Emitting Diode and a
Photo Transistor in a single package Theoretical range resolution
(d) it prevents electrical noise or voltage C0
(Sr )
transients of one circuit from integrating 2
with other circuit where, = pulse width
Ans. (b) 45. A signal having frequency component from DC-
M
Ans. (d)
opto coupler Sol.
IE
R
Loop Mode.
/2
(c) Hysteresis exists in Schmit Trigger
(d) None of the above
TE
(d) All of the above
Ans. (a)
Ans. (b)
Sol. • Schmitt trigger can be used as sinusoidal Sol. (Va) fa
Vd
to square wave converter. (Vb) fb
AS
• Hysterisis exists in schmitt trigger.
• Schmitt triggers uses closed loop Op-
fa
Amp.
47. Two signals f a and f b are given as input to EX-
fb
OR to measure phase difference. The average
output voltage will be
M
Va Vb Vd
0 0 0
fa 0 1 1
1 0 1
fb
S
1 1 0
(a)
V vd(avg)
IE
VOH
V/2
– –/2
e
0 /2
/2 2
(b)
V
= x(2t – 2t0) + 3
R
VOL
(i) (ii) so this is time variant.
Constant term is added so it is nonlinear.
48. Consider the signal
TE
N1
2cos t cos 2t t 0
X(t) = 2sin t sin 2t 50. Consider the system R m y[n]x[n –m]
t0 n0
2cos t cos 2t t 0
Sol. X(t) =
2 sint sin 2t t 0 DFT
Sol. x(n)
N
x(k)
For signal to be periodic it must exist from
to . DFT
y(n) y(k)
N
S
N 1
(a) Linear and time invariant R(m) y(n) * ((n m))N
(b) Causal and linear n0
R
The frequency content of output will be
Ans. (*)
(a) 10 MHz
d2 y dy
TE
(b) 10 MHz and 6 MHz
Sol. (a b) ab = x(t), a > 0, b > 0
2 dt
dt (c) 10 MHz, 6 MHz and 14 MHz
Taking Laplace transform on both sides (d) 46 MHz
s2y(s) + (a + b) sY(s) + ab = X(s) Ans. (c)
[s2 + (a + b)s] Y(s) + ab = X(s) Sol. f 1 = 10 MHz
AS
f 2 = 50 MHz
X(s) ab
Y(s) = f 3 = 70 MHz
s2 (a b)s
f s = 56 MHz
For Impulse Response : After sampling : Frequency content of the
x(t) = (t) output:
M
X(s) = 1 # f 1 = 10 MHz
y(t) = h(t)
66 MHz
y(s) = H(s) f s ± f 1 : 56 ± 10
46 MHz
S
1 ab 1 ab
H(s) = 2 = 122 MHz
s (a b)s s[s (a b)]
2f s ± f 1 : 112 ± 10
IE
102 MHz
1 ab A B
=
s[s (a b)] s s (a b) # f 2 = 50 MHz
R
(a) K/10 (b) e–5t u(t) G(s)
(c) e–2t u(t) (d) (e–5t + e–2t) u(t) E(s)
+ K2 1
Ans. (a) X(s) K K1+ Y(s)
TE
– s s
K
Sol. X(s) =
S
1
H(s) =
(s 5)(s 2)
K 1 K(K 2 sK1)
AS
E(s) = K K1 2 =
Y(s) s s s2
H(s) =
X(s)
1
Y(s) = H(s).X(s) X s .X(s)
E(s) = = 1 K(K 2 sK1)
1 G s
K s2
Y(s) =
s(s 2)(s 5)
s2
M
R
57. The 4:1 Multiplexer implemented as
1
X(s) =
s3 0
A
TE
1 Y
s3 . 3
s 1
ess = Lt 2 1
s 0 s K(K 2 sK1) KK 2
1 B C
ess = KK (a) (1, 6, 3, 7) (b) (1, 2, 5, 7)
2
AS
55. The modes in a reflex klystron (c) (2, 3, 4, 5) (d) (1, 3, 4, 7)
Ans. (a)
(a) Result f rom excessiv e oscillating
frequencies of the cavity Sol.
(b) Correspond to diff erent oscillating
frequencies of the cavity
M
Ans. (d)
56. A dielectric is subjected to alternating electric = ABC ABC (A A)BC
field. The dielectric losses are proportional to
= ABC ABC ABC ABC
IE
R
16 = 2n x
1/2 1
n=4
TE
Number of J-K F/F in modulo 16 binary up- (a) ln 2 – 7/24 (b) ln 2 + 7/24
counter = 4
(c) ln 3 – 5/24 (d) ln 3 + 5/24
60. The solid angle subtended by the sun as
Ans. (a)
v iewed f rom the earth is 4 105 1
1
steradian. A microwave antenna designed to Sol. Required area = y dy
AS
2
be used for studying the microwave radiation 1/4
3 2 1/4 2 1
(a) 105 (b) 105
7
(c) 106 (d) 106 = ln2
24
Ans. (b) 62. Find the Eigen values in the system
S
Sol. 4 1 x x
=
Sun 3 2 y y
(a) 1 and 5 (b) 4 and 3
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4 1 x x
Sol.
Earth 3 2 y y
4 4 5 4 1
Directivity = 10 A=
Solid angle 4 105 3 2
61. Find the area of the region bounded by the
curves y = x2, y = 1/x and x = 1/2 (see in A 1 0
graphical representative figure)
(c)
4 1 0
3 2 0 0 A
t
4 1
0
R
3 2
4 2 3 0
(d)
TE
2
8 6 3 0 A
2
6 5 0
( 5)( 1) 0 t
AS
= 1, 5
63. Find the transient response of a pair of complex
poles as given below Ans. (a)
j Sol.
X
j
M
X j0
X
(a)
–a
A
S
Poles = –a±j0
X –j0
t
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1
T(s) =
(s a j0 )(s a j0 )
1
T(s) =
(S a)2 20
(b)
A x(t) = s(t)
X(s) = 1
t 1
Y(s) =
(s a)2 02
10 k 1 k 10 k
1K
t v0
"A1"
"A2"
R
V1
V2
64. A Sensistor
characteristics
(a)
exhibits the f ollowing
= 10 V1 11V2
temperature coefficient is positive. 10
R
ers in forward biased p-n diode is mainly due to Transmitting antenna
diffusion process where as in reverse bias mo- Dt = 1 m Dr = 0.5 m
tion of charge carriers due to electric field i.e.
Pt = 1 watt x mwatt: Preceived
TE
drift process.
f = 10 GHz
Diffusion of holes
Diffusion of PtGdt
electronics Preceived = A er
– 4d2
e
2
AS
D
Gdt = 6 t (for parabolic dish antenna)
Forward bias
2
Driff of holes Pt A er D
(minority carrier) Preceived = 6 t
E 4d2
e– e–
M
h h
Pe
–
h N Pt, Aer, d, Dt is fixed
–
h h e
1
driff of electrons Preceived
2
S
Reverse bias
P1 f12
68. In a telecommunication trans-receive system,
the transmitting antenna with antenna aperture
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(d) Decrease by 6 dB
P2 4P1
Ans. (b)
Sol. P2 will increase by a factor 4 or
10log104 = 6 dB
V0(av) = Vs , where is duty cycle.
69. Find the maximum directivity of an antenna
whose power density is given by Wrad = Given = 0.25
A sin Vs = 220 V
âr 0 W / m2 where A is peak value of
r2 0
V0(av) = 0.25 × 220 = 55 Voltss
power density. is the usual spherical
71. A single-phase full-wave AC phase controller
coordinate and âr is the radial unit vector.. feeds power to a resistive load of 100 from
R
(a) 4/ (b) 2 / a 220 V, 50 Hz supply. What will be the R.M.S.
output voltage at delay angles 1 = 2 =
(c) 3/ (d) 5 /
TE
= / 2 of both transistor?
Ans. (a)
220
A0 sin watt (a) V (b) 2 220 V
Sol. W rad = 2
âr 2
2
r m
(c) 2 ×110 V (d) 2 ×220 V
2
U(, ) r Wrad A 0 sin aˆ r
AS
Ans. (a)
U(, ) U(, ) Sol. For single phase midpoint controlled converter
Gd (, ) 4
Uavg U(, ) d –
r.m.s. output voltage is
4 A 0 sin
Gd (, )
1/2
A 0 sin sin dd Vm sin2
M
V0(ms) = ( )
4 sin 2 2
= 2
2 Given Vm = 220 2
0 sin d
0
d
2sin 2 sin =
Gd ( , )
S
2
2
0 sin d
2
1/2
sin2
220 2 2
4
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R
Ans. (a)
12V
74. Phase of the transfer function of the following
2:1 circuit is
TE
VS = 17 V, 50 Hz
by KVL, C
VA = VS, VK = 12 V Vi R Vo
VAK > 0
VS – 12 > 0
AS
(a) tan1(1/ RC) (b) tan1(RC)
17 2 sin t 12 0
Let us assume that (c) tan1(RC / ) (d) tan1( / RC)
t = Ans. (a)
Diode is ON Sol.
M
17 2 sin t = 12
C
17 2 sin = 12
Vi R Vo
1 12
= sin = 29.943°
S
17 2
Therefore, VS is greater than 12 volts only in
R
the period of 29.943° to 150.05°. V0 = Vi
1
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R
= ± 47.5 V +
G(S)
X(s) Y(s)
–
76. Characteristic equation of H(s) is given as
3s4 + 2s3 + 5s2 + s + 2 = 0 is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
unstable
stable
all poles in right half plane
unstable with only one pole in right half
TE G(s) =
K(s 4)
s(s 1)
H(s)
, H(s) =
Characteristics Equation :
1
s2
AS
plane 1 + E(s)H(s) = 0
Ans. (a)
K(s 4)
Sol. 3s4 + 2s3 + 5s2 + s + 2 = 0 1 =0
s(s 1)(s 2)
S4 3 5 2 s3 + 3s2 + (K + 2)s + 4K = 0
S3 2 1
M
Routh’s Array
S2 3.5 2
S4 –0.443 0
S3 1 (k+2)
S0 2
2
S 3 4k
There is sign change in first column of Array. 3(K+2) – 4k
S 0
S
=2
3(K 2) 4K
77. Consider the feedback system =0
3
X(s) Y(s) 3K + 6 – 4K = 0
G(s)
K=6
78. Consider the Bode plots 9magnitude and
H(s) phase) of two different open loop transfer
functions of two unity feedback systems. The
K(s 4)
G(S) = open loop transfer functions have poles in right
s(s 1) half plane. The closed loop system formed from
1 these open loop systems. Which of the
H(s) = following holds true?
s2
dB (b) Closed loop systems using I and II both
are unstable
(c) Closed loop system with I is unstable and
0 II is stable
(d) Closed loop system with I and II are stable
R
Ans. (a)
–4
–160
–180
TE dB
AS
gc
0
(I) GM = 4 dB
dB –4
M
0
S
–160°
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PM = 20°
–160
–180° pc
–180
(II) GM 4dB
= Both GM & PM are positive there-
(a) Closed loop system with I is stable and PM 20
with II is unstable
fore system is stable.
(a) Two bit adder with sum and carry
respectively
(b) Two bit subtractor with sum and borrow
respectively
dB
(c) S = AB AB; C = AB
(d) None of the above
4
R
Ans. (b)
GM = 4 dB Sol.
gc
TE
B A
0
AB
AS
S = AB + AB
AB
A
C = AB
pc
B
–180°
PM = –20° The above circuit is half substractor
M
Q Q Q
output S and C implement
A CLOCK
B
(a) 110 (b) 000
(c) 001 (d) 011
S
Ans. (a)
A
C
B
Sol. Modulo of Johnson counter = 2n = 6
Q0 Q1 Q2
0 0 0 Initial Content
Q0 QJ QL 1 0 0 After 1st C.P.
1 1 0 After 2nd C.P.
R
D Q D Q D Q
0 0 0 After 12th C.P.
1 0 0 After 13th C.P.
TE
Q Q Q
1 1 0 After 14th C.P.
The above is Johnson Counter.
AS
M
S
IE