History of MT LAWS

Ephraimeen F. Guadalquiver,RMT
At the End of the Discussion, Students
are expected to:
• Define What Is Medical Technology
• Trace the History of Medical Technology

• Trace the history of Medical technology in the Philippines

• Identify the Different PAMET PRESIDENTS and their
accomplishments or Legacy

• Cite the different provisions in the various laws affecting the

practice of Medical Technology
• Describe the Medical Technology Ethics and its application
 Definition of Medical Technology
RUTH ANNE PHILIPPINE
HEINEMANN FAGELSON MEDICAL
(1961) TECHNOLOGY
ACT
The Application of The Branch of medicine An auxiliary branch of
principles of natural , concerned with the laboratory medicine which
physical and biological performance of laboratory deals with the examination
determinations and of various chemical,
sciences to the
analysis used in the microscopic, bacteriologic,
performance of
diagnosis and treatment of and other medical
laboratory procedures diseases and maintenance procedures, technique
which aid in the of health. which will aid the
diagnosis and treatment physician in the diagnosis,
of diseases. study and treatment of
disease and in the
promotion of health in
general.
HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
• In the year 460 B.C. when the Greek, physician
Hippocrates also known as thefather of
medicine formulated the famous Hippocratic
Oath, the code of ethics for practicing
physicians. Hippocrates described four "humors"
or body fluids in man
• namely- the blood, phlegm, yellow bile and
black bile.
• These four humors or body fluids were felt to be
the source of a person's disposition and disease
in ancient times.
 VIVIAN HERRICK
Traces the beginning of medical technology
back to 1500 BC when instestinal parasites
such as TAENIA and ASCARIS were mentioned
in early writings.
 EBERS PAPYRUS

A book for treatment of diseases contains description of

the three stages of hookworm infection.
RUTH WILLIAMS
 A medical Technologist
 Believes that medical technology began
from the MEDIEVAL PERIOD (1096-1438) as
supported by the fact that urinalysis was a
fad.
 Early Hindu doctors made the “SCIENTIFIC
OBSERVATION” that the urine of certain
individuals attract ants, and that such urine
has a sweetish taste.
 QUACKS, calling themselves doctors
reaped fortunes from diagnosing diseases
by the appearance of the urine.
ANNE FAGELSON
 Prefers to date medical technology from
the 14th Century when a prominent Italian
physician at the University of Bologna
employed one, ALESSANDRA GILIANI to
perform tasks now under the domain of
the medical technology.
 Unfortunately, this young lady died from a
laboratory acquired infection.
ANTONIE VAN
LEEUWENHOEK
(1632-1723)

 Invented and Improved the

compound microscope
 The first to describe red
blood cells, to see protozoa,
and to classify bacteria
according to shape.
 Invention of the microscope
led to the rapid progress of
microbiology and pathology.
MALPHIGI
( 1628-1694)

 Desribed as the “GREATEST” of the early

microscopist.
 His work on embryology and anatomy definitely
marked him as “THE FOUNDER OF PATHOLOGY”
.

RUDOLPH VIRCHOW
 One of the youngest medical specialists
 Founded the ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY in
BERLIN in 1847.
HERMANN FEHLING

> Performed the FIRST QUANTITATIVE

TEST in URINE SUGAR in 1848.

MIDDLE OF 15th CENTURY

Aniline Dyes were used in staining
microorganisms
Bacterial staining and microscopic
study on bacteria were made
possible.
ESTABLISHMENT OF LABORATORIES

FIRST CHEMICAL LABORATORY

 Established at the University of Michigan by Dr.Douglas
(not identified)
 Dr.Douglas pioneered laboratory instruction in this well-
equipped laboratory.

1878
Dr. William H. Welch
 established another laboratory at the BELLEVUE
HOSPITAL MEDICAL COLLEGE.
 He gave the first laboratory course in pathology offered in
an American Medical School.

1885
Dr. Welch became the first professor of pathology at John
Hopkins University.
FIRST CLINICAL LABORATORY

 Opened in 1896 at JOHN HOPKINS

HOSPITAL by DR. WILLIAM OSLER.

 In this laboratory, routine examinations

were carried out, special attention being
given to the search for malarial parasites
in the blood.

 A clinical laboratory was also opened at

the UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA in
1896 (WILLIAM PEPPER LABORATORY).
1908
DR. JAMES C. TODD

 wrote the book : A MANUAL OF CLINICAL

DIAGNOSIS
 Retitled “ CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS BY
LABORATORY METHODS” , in its 6th Edition by
Dr. Todd and Dr. Arthur Sanford.
 The book became the standard reference for
laboratories
1919 census

• 100 technicians, all male were employed in the UNITED

STATES.
• This increased to 3500 in 1920. In 1922, 3035 hospitals
had CLINICAL LABORATORIES.
1915
The state legislature of Pennsylvania enacted
a law requiring all hospitals and institutions
to have an adequate laboratory and to
employ a full time laboratory technician

WORLD WAR 1
 It was an impact factor in the growth of
clinical laboratory and produced a great
demand for technicians.
 The demand for technicians in clinical
laboratories continued, so practicing
physicians with knowledge on laboratory
works began to teach their assistants to
do some of the tests for them.
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA

 One of the First schools for training laboratory

workers was established here.
 A course bulletin titled : “COURSES IN MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGY FOR CLINICAL AND LABORATORY
TECHNICIANS” was issued in 1922.
 They were the FIRST to offer a DEGREE LEVEL
PROGRAM in 1923.

1931
DENVER SOCIETY OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGISTS were
organized.

1936
AMERICAN BOARD OF PATHOLOGY ESTABLISHED
WORLD WAR 2
 Marked effects in laboratory medicine
 The use of blood increased and the “closed
system” of bloo d collection was widely used.
 Instrumentation advanced and these
instruments paved the measurement of the
intensity of color produced.
 Automated equipment appeared and quality
control programs became common
 MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
PRACTICE WAS INTRODUCED
BY
THE 26TH MEDICAL
INFANTRY OF THE 6TH US
ARMY.

First Clinical Laboratory in the Philippines

QUIRICADA ST., Sta. CRUZ, MANILA

(MANILA PUBLIC HEALTH)
> The lab offered traning programs to high school
graduates as early as FEBRUARY,1944.
1943
• THE US ARMY LEFT in JUNE
• Endorsed it to the
NATIONAL DEPARTMENT
OF HEALTH
• The Department rendered
the laboratory non-
functional for sometime.
DR. PIO DE RODA

One of the staffs of the Clinical • ORGANIZED MANILA PUBLIC

Laboratory
HEALTH LABORATORY from
the remnants of the deserted
laboratory.
• OCTOBER 1,1945
With Dr. Mariano Icasiano
as his assistant and who was
then the MANILA CITY HEALTH
OFFICER.
1947
By: Training of high school
Dr. Pio De Roda
graduates to work as medical
Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana
technicians
No period of training was set
and No certificates were
given.
1954
A 6 months laboratory
training with certificate upon
completion was given to the
trainees.
Dr. Sta. Ana prepared the
syllabus for the training
program.
Medical Technology • S.Y. 1957-1958
Education in the
Philippines • Dr. Antonio Gabriel and Dr.
The Training program offered by
Dr. Pio De Roda did not last long.
Gustavo Reyes of the
FACULTY of Pharmacy,
The FIRST B.S. Degree course in
Medical Technology was offered University of Sto. Tomas
by the PHILIPPINE UNION
COLLEGE and MANILA offered medical technology
SANITARIUM.
as an elective subject to 4th
After 2 years, PUC produced its
first graduate, Dr. Jesse Umali, and 5th year B.S. Pharmacy
now a successful OB-
Gynecologist. students.
• Rev., Fr. Lorenzo Rodriguez
decided to offer it as a course
because of the popularity of
medical technology among
pharmacy students.

JUNE 17,1957
> Temporary permit was
issued by the Dept. of
Education, for first to third
year students.
• JUNE 1960
The permit for the
internship program was
issued.

June 14,1961
> Full recognition of the 4
year B.S. Medical technology
course was given on June 14,
1961.
• Many schools followed • University of the Phils
to offer B.S. Medical > Offers a similar course
Technology course. but the degree being
• DECS and CHED – 47 conferred in B.S. Public
colleges and Health
universitites offering
the course.
 POST GRADUATE STUDIES
• Offered to B.S. Medical Technology graduates
MS in Medical Technology
• UST Graduate School
• Philippine Women’s University
• Manila Central University
MS in Public Health(one year, non thesis degree)
• University of the Philippines