Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Mark Gilbey
Dr Jolyon Thompson
Agenda
Sources of heat
Methods of cooling
Reasons for Cooling – Stations
Cooling provided for thermal comfort of passengers.
• Both adopt changing metabolic rate and time delays because of clothing
insulation.
The above typically results in a criterion of about 30°C for a railway without in-car air
conditioning and 35°C for a railway with .
Heat Sources - Analysis Methods
• 1D modelling.
• Typically use Subway Environment Simulation (SES) software.
• Ideal for complex flow networks with transients.
• Analyse temperature and airflow rates.
• Ideal for longitudinal ventilation problems.
Methods of Cooling – Reducing Heat
Hump track profiles reduce heat (uphill into the station and downhill out).
Normal Operations
• Platform screen doors can limit the heat displaced into the stations.
Advantages:
• can be used for tunnel smoke control;
• can be used during stalled train events;
• can be energy efficient;
• can be low maintenance.
Disadvantages:
• Can consume a lot of space;
• Can be costly to retrofit;
• Cooling effect truncated on warm days;
• More difficult to recover waste heat.
Methods of Cooling – Wet Systems
Borehole water:
• used on Green Park station;
• need about 200m between boreholes;
• can be difficult and expensive to achieve.
• Costly to retrofit.
Cooling
water Tunnel Wall
pipes
High Low
High Low
Medium
Medium
Emerging Technology – Active Tunnel Liner
Ventilation
shafts or tunnels
Chillers
Railway Stakeholder
For more details see Gilbey et al. in CIBSE technical symposium September 2011
Water Based Cooling Summary
Qc vs CoP
400.0
350.0
300.0
250.0
200.0
150.0
Qc(W)
100.0
50.0
Advantages: 0.0
• excellent form factor; -2.00 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00
-50.0
• stable temperature provision;
• reversible (can provide heating and cooling from the -100.0
same device). -150.0
CoP)
Disadvantages:
• low CoP (in most practical cases); dT 60 dT 55 dT 50 dT 45
dT 40 dT 35 dT 30 dT 25
• most efficient when able to control temperature range
dT 20 dT 15 dT 10 dT 5
that device operates with.
dT 0
Other Innovations – What to ask?