Manufacturing Processes II Lab

Manual
Computer Numeric Control Laboratory

Lab Experiment:

Part Manufacturing on CNC Lathe

Submitted to:

Engr. Mazhar Iqbal

Submitted by:

Noffal Ghaffar
Numman Haider Lodhi
Rohail Aftab Siddiqui
Salman Tanseer
Syed Ali Mujtaba

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 MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LAB MANUAL
PART MANUFACTURING ON CNC - LATHE
Submitted by: Salman Tanseer, Rohail Aftab Siddiqui, Numman Haider Lodhi, Syed Ali Mujtaba,
Noffal Ghaffar (GROUP 8 – BSME 15-19)

PURPOSE:
This lab is aimed at providing the students a basic know-how of part manufacturing on a CNC
lathe machine. Students will get familiarized with the basic working of the CNC lathe, CNC
programming, the G-Code and running a G-Code to manufacture a part.

ABSTRACT:
In this lab, the students will be going through the fundamentals of the part manufacturing by CNC
lathe. The job will begin by explaining to the students the basic subparts and the axes motion of
the CNC lathe. The user interface of the machine will then be explained to the students by the
operator which will also include setting up of the workpart origin. The tool will then be loaded and
tool length offset, fixture offset XY and fixture offset Z will be set. The students will then learn
about the manual test run of the machine. The very next step will be correctly mounting the
workpart according to the origin defined in the G-Code after which a USB will be used to input
the G-Code into the CNC control panel. The CNC code will then be run to manufacture the desired
workpart geometry and the students will follow all the precautions necessary during the part
manufacturing.

INTRODUCTION:
Computer numerical controlled (CNC) lathes are rapidly replacing the older production lathes
(multi spindle, etc.) due to their ease of setting, operation, repeatability and accuracy. They are
designed to use modern carbide tooling and fully use modern processes. The part may be designed
and the tool paths programmed by the CAD/CAM process or manually by the programmer, and
the resulting file uploaded to the machine, and once set and trailed the machine will continue to
turn out parts under the occasional supervision of an operator.
Part programming in CNC lathe requires establishment of some reference points. Three reference
points are either set by manufacturer or user. The machine origin is a fixed point set by the machine
tool builder. Usually it cannot be changed. Program origin is point from where the tool starts for
its motion while executing a program and returns back at the end of the cycle. The part origin can
be set at any point inside the machine's electronic grid system. Usually part origin needs to be
defined for each new setup.

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 Fig.1 Reference origins and axes convention
Additional tool offsets are required because of the varying sizes of the cutting tools. Each offset
is the difference between the cutting edge locations relative to the zero-setting tool.

Fig.2 Tool offsets for different tools

An engineer must be able to read and understand the CNC G-Code in order to make on spot
correction of CNC code that is to be run by CNC machines. Furthermore, he must be able to
correctly mount the stock material and tools in CNC lathe machine so that desired geometry can
be correctly manufactured. Complete understanding of this lab will enable engineering students to
apply the skills learned in practical field to improve manufacturing time, quality and standards of
parts.

PROCEDURE:
 Correctly mount the work part according to the origin defined in the G-Code
 Upload the G-Code from USB to the CNC lathe control panel

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  Mount the tool on CNC lathe Indexing wheel
 Enter the tool details in CNC lathe control panel
 Enter the work part origin to CNC lathe control panel.
 Alter the CNC Code according the machine used
 Manually test run the CNC lathe machine to check any errors
 Run the CNC Code and ensure appropriate safety distance
 Stop the CNC lathe machine after part is manufactured and remove the part
manufactured
 Shutdown the CNC lathe machine, control panel and clean the CNC lathe machine
before leaving the CNC lab
Practice during lab hours:

Fig.3 Practice Exercise for Lathe

OBSERVATIONS
Tools Used:

Cutting
Parameter:
Problems
Faced During
Cutting
Operations:
Type of Chip
Produced:
Surface Finish:

Machining
Time:
Possible
improvement
to G-Code and
Cutting
Parameters:
Safety
Precautions
While
machining:

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PRECAUTIONS:
 Wear proper shoes and safety glasses in the lab.
 Clamp all work securely before starting machine.
 Avoid bumping any NC machine or controls. Work must not be held by hand while
machining. Clamp it properly and securely in the vise.
 Perform all setup work with spindle stopped. Always stop the spindle completely before
changing or adjusting the work piece, fixture or tool.
 Never place any part of your body near moving parts of this machine.

RESULTS:

DISCUSSION:

PROJECT:
Model a project of your own choice in CREO software and manufacture it on CNC Machine.
You are required to submit:
 The project title after one week of the experiment date (Discuss the feasibility of the
project with the concerned faculty member!)
 The program after two weeks of the experiment date
 The final product after three weeks of the experiment date

25 % Marks deduction per day in case of late submissions!