UNIVERSITY NATIONAL OF MOQUEGUA MODELING

INDEX

1.INTRODUCTION ................................................. ..........................

........................ ..................... 2
2.
DEFINITION ............................................... ......................... ..........................
......................... .... 3
3. STAGES INVOLVED IN THE DEFINITION OF UNITS OF ............
ESTIMATES 3
Geological mapping
3.1 (ECR) ............................................. ............................................ 3
3.2 three-dimensional modeling (geometry,
interpretation). .................................................. .3
3.3 Genetic model of the deposit (knowledge,
relationship) ......................................... .......... 4
3.4 Mineralogical attribute (metallurgical
behavior) ............................................ ............ 4
Continuity (Estimation
3.5 Units) ............................................ .................................... 4
4. RESERVOIR GEOLOGICAL MODELING OF ....................
A ........................................... 5
Estatica
characterization ................................................ .............................
4.1 ..................... .... 5
Numerical
simulation ................................................ .................................
4.2 ................. ......... 5
5. MODEL
GEOLOGICO .............................................. ....................................
.............. .............. 5
6. methodology for obtaining GEOLOGICAL
MODEL .............................. 6
Exploratory study of
6.1 databases ........................................... ................................. 6
Case studies and
modeling ........................................... ............................
6.2 . 6
Checks and
validations ............................................... ...................................
6.3 ............... .... 6
7. STAGES OF GEOLOGICAL
MODEL. .................................................. ................................... 6
STRUCTURAL
MODEL ................................................ .......................................
7.1 ........ 6
Stratigraphic
MODEL ................................................ ................................
7.2 .......... 7
MODEL
lithological ................................................ ..............................
7.3 .................... .8

8. geostatistics, APPLIED TO .........

MODELING .......................................... 8
9. TYPES OF SOFTWARE USED FOR MODELING IN
MINING .............. 9
9.1 VULCAN SOFTWARE
MAPTEK ............................................... ........................................ 9
9.2 SOFTWARE .9
 DATAMINE ................................................ .....................................
.............
MINESIGHT ................................................. ......................
9.3 ............................ ................... 10
10.
CONCLUSIONS ............................................... ...........................
....................... .................... 10
11.

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GEOLOGICAL MODELING

1. INTRODUCTION

Modeling work enables the integration of multiple sets of 3D and 2D data and rapid
evaluation of exploration targets in real time.

In any mining operation, understanding of the geology of the site and waste rocks
is essential for resource estimation, geotechnical engineering, mine planning and
mineral processing are successful.

With a unique combination of structural geology and practical experience in mining

it improves mine development, operations and exploration near the mine.
Integrated mining models will improve exploration targets near the mine, optimize
mapping and grade control.
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2. DEFINITION

A geological model is a 3D representation of geological features, such as lithology,

oxidation, mineralization, alteration, etc., containing some chemical element of
economic interest (Au, Cu, Fe) and proper definition and delimitation is fundamental
so that the mineral resource estimate is reliable.

3.STAGES INVOLVED IN THE DEFINITION OF UNITS OF

ESTIMATES Geological 3.1.Mapeo (ECR)

Information geological facts that are

fundamental to the design of a three-
dimensional model.

The information is obtained from surface

rocks, trenches, drill holes and tunnels.
These sources provide direct observation of
rocks and minerals.
The geological information is
usually recorded on maps and sections at an appropriate
scale to the objectives set. (Fig 1)

Among the information recorded are the following:

• Type of Rocks
• Faults and folds
• Density of fractures and veins
• Mineralizacione phases.
Figure 1

3.2.Modelamiento dimensional (geometry, interpretation).

For practical purposes the geometry of a mineralized zone and its associated rock is
usually determined from a number of plants and sections in a systematic way. These
sections generally coincide with the arrangement of the drill holes and are generally
Arranged perpendicular to the main direction of the geologic continuity.
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Genetic 3.3.Modelo reservoir (knowledge ratio)

They are conceptual approaches that help establish the origin and how it sets the
geometric characteristics of mineralization and the deposit.

Also they contain a predictor, for example Ton-law curve.

• Copper veins
• stratum deposits linked
• Gold porphyry copper molybdenum
• Deposits types IOCG
• etc.

3.4.Atributo mineralogical (metallurgical behavior)

The detailed mineralogical study of the site provides the approach needed to
establish mineral assemblages; on its abundance, spatial variation, particle
size distribution, variability of host rock, etc.

This is critical because it directly affects the metallurgical recovery and

thus the profitability of the project. (Fig2)

Figure 2

3.5.Continuidad (Estimation Units)

Domains are estimated geological equivalent to stationary geostatistical areas. Y

are defined as a volume of rock controls mineralization resulting in a homogeneous
distribution of the mineralization.

The spatial distribution of the law within the domains exhibits consistent statistical
properties.
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Four. RESERVOIR GEOLOGICAL MODELING OF A

It consists of two stages:

4.1.Caracterizacion Estatica

It consists of the geological model of the reservoir, in the description of the

geological features - structural reservoir (faults, delineation of geological units,
rock types and their distribution, etc).

numerical 4.2.Simulacion

It is the model description and multiphase flow transport in the reservoir.

5. GEOLOGICAL MODEL

A geological model corresponds to a mathematical or conceptual representation of a

phenomenon, from input data obtained usually drillhole, in order to predict the
results of the phenomenon in places where they are unknown. Therefore, by
geological modeling is generally designed to interpret the location, shape and volume
of geological units. The information defining these units generally comes from
categorical variables such as alteration, mineralogy, lithology, among others. (Fig3)

Figure3 example of geological model

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6. OBTAINING METHODOLOGY FOR GEOLOGICAL MODELS

6.1.Estudio exploratory databases

Initially an exploratory study of data from conceptual geological model and drillhole
is made available. This is done to meet the basic statistics of both databases. These
models are used to recognize homogeneous regions with respect to the proportions
of lithologies present therein.

6.2.Casos study and modeling

Model building is made by the algorithm SNESIM. They are used as input images
selected training data "drilling conditions" and lithology proportions corresponding
to those of the conditioning unstacked data. This is done in order to obtain models
with spatial continuity of lithologies between regions.

6.3.Chequeos and validations

Once constructed stochastic models, proceed to check and validate the results
obtained in each case and subcase defined study.

First and vertical global proportions of lithologies obtained models are calculated,
and then compared with the proportions of the training image used. In order to verify
reproduction of spatial continuities of the lithologies.

7. STAGES OF GEOLOGICAL MODEL.

7.1. STRUCTURAL MODEL

The structural model is the three-dimensional geometric representation of the

geological structures in the subsoil. This allows us to build maps and structural
sections in order to estimate volumes of in situ hydrocarbons and select areas
structurally favorable for drilling wells. The final product should be a 3D model that
can build surfaces and structural sections, following different methodologies
depending on the complexity and availability of information. (Fig4)
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stratigraphic 7.2.MODELO

The objective of Stratigraphic and sedimentological model is to generate a geometric

spatial representation of existing reservoirs in a reservoir, so as to organize them as
mappable units, establishing distribution and relationships in order to develop the
deposit. ( figure.5)

figure.5

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7.3.MODELO lithological

It will be developed in order to determine the

type of reservoir rock either this simple
lithology (sand / clay or carbonate / clay), or
complex lithology (carbonates, volcaniclastic,
tuffs, igneous rocks, etc.).

8. Geostatistics, APPLIED MODELING

Geostatistics is a tool used to study phenomena extending in the space and having a
greater or lesser extent an organization or spatial structure. In the case of mining
application it is useful to understand and study regionalized variables, such as law,
density, rock type, grain size and metallurgical recovery. The main objective is to
generate models using estimation techniques or simulation.

Obtaining a good geological model enables:

- Laws create better models because of possible geological Control (lithological or

mineralizing flows) on the presence of minerals of interest.
- Knowing the geotechnical quality (hardness, presence of structures) of the
rock, thus calculate costs crushing and grinding.
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9. TYPES OF SOFTWARE USED FOR MODELING IN MINING

Different types of software help the planning engineer to determine the tactical plan
of the underground mine or surface. Tactical mine planning, detailed plan is required
to achieve strategic goals.

These products allow us to see the results graphically in 3D, either planning or
production developments, which can visually see the evolution of schedule.

9.1.SOFTWARE MAPTEK VULCAN

It is the leading software 3D modeling and mine planning covering the complete cycle
of mining.

9.2.SOFTWARE DATAMINE

DATAMINE is the world leader in

integrated software for the
natural resources industry, The
most common uses of the system
are; capture and analysis of
information, exploration, geology,
geochemistry, rock mechanics,
topography, geological modeling,
mine design open pit and
underground.
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9.3.MINESIGHT

It is a 3D graphics software
Mining Planning for each stage of
a project, from exploration to
production.

This software is used by mining

industry professionals such as
surveyors, geologists and mining
engineer;
having a wide
variety in mining operations
such as open pit and
underground Non-Metallic
Mining

10. CONCLUSIONS

• The creation of a geological model is one of the first steps in the resource
estimate and requires a thorough knowledge of the site and validated data
base.

• Depending on the parameters used in modeling as many games sections,

shared walls and respecting the drillhole intercept, the model will have a
lesser or greater degree of uncertainty

• It is vital to validate the geological models as they are an important part of

the chain that leads to decision-making on our site

eleven. BIBLIOGRAPHY

• http://www.srk.com/es/nuestros-servicios/servicios-mineros/ww-geologia-minera

• https://geologiaminera.jimdo.com/geoestadistica-minera/

• https://es.slideshare.net/Rojivilchis/miyp
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