International Journal of

Emerging Research in Management &Technology Research Article May

ISSN: 2278-9359 (Volume-6, Issue-5) 2017
Special Issue of International Conference on Emerging Trends in Science & Engineering (ICETSE–2017)
Conference Held by IEAE India, at Coorg Institute of Technology, Ponnampet, Karnataka, India

Development of Self Compacting Concrete by using

Alccofine
Arjun .B1, Naveen Kumar S.M2, Kavan M.R3, Sanjay S.J4
1,2,3,4
Assistant Professor, 123Dept.of Civil Engineering,
Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology Chikmagalur, Karnataka State, India
4
Dept.of Civil Engineering, B G S Institute of Technology B G Nagar, Karnataka State, India

Abstract: In the present investigation an attempt has been made to study the rheological and strength characteristics
of self-compacting Concrete (SCC) mixes by using Metakoilne (MK) and Alccofine (AF) as industrial by-product. The
utilization of these treated industrial by-products as cement replacement help to achieve an economical SCC mix.
Further the adding Metakoline and Alccofine significant influence in improving the properties viz: rheology, setting
time and compressive strength. The best approach is to develop a performance based specification of conventional and
SCC mixes with Replacement of SCC by 10% constant Metakoline by weight of cement and varying percentage of 9%
to14% Alccofine by weight of cement with optimum dosage of super-plasticizer (SP) and viscosity modifying agents
(VMA) & to develop different combinations of SCC Mixes . Further the rheological properties are Slump flow, V-
funnel time, L-box; U-box J-Ring etc. and the Hardened properties of developed SCC Mixes in the laboratory after 7
& 28 days curing are studied

Key words: Self- compacting Concrete, Alccofine, Metakoline.

I. INTRODUCTION
SCC is highly engineered concrete with much higher fluidity without segregation and is capable of filling every
corner of form work under its self-weight by Okamura (1997). Thus SCC eliminates the needs of vibration either external
or internal for the compaction of the concrete without compromising its engineering properties. SCC is a fluid mixture,
which is suitable for placing difficult conditions and also in congested reinforcement, without vibration. Self –
consolidating concrete has recently been used in the pre – cast industry and in some commercial applications, however
the relatively high material cost still hinders the wide spread use of such specialty concrete in various segments of the
construction industry, including commercial and residential construction.
In order to meet the performance requirements the following three types of SCC are available.
(i) Powder type of SCC: This is proportioned to give the required self-compactibility by reducing the water-
powder (material<0.1mm) ratio and provide adequate segregation resistance
(ii) Viscosity agent type SCC: This type is proportioned to provide self-compaction by the use of viscosity
modifying admixture to provide segregation resistance. Super plasticizers and air entraining admixtures are used for
obtaining the desired deformability.
(iii) Combination type SCC: This type is proportioned so as to obtain self-compatibility mainly by reducing the
water powder ratio, as in the powder type, and a viscosity modifying admixture is added to reduce the quality
fluctuations of the fresh concrete due to the variation of the surface moisture content of the aggregates and their
gradations during the production.

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1. Cement:
Portland cement is one of the most widely used additives for all types of constructional activity. The cement used for the
investigation was pozzolona Portland cement (PPC) 43grade.It confirmed to the requirements of Indian Standard
Specification IS: 8112-1989.

2.2 Sand:
Good river sand in absence of any earthy matter and organic matter. Particles are angular in shape passing 4.75mm and
retaining on 150 micron standard sieve. Sample is washed in water to get free from earthy and silt content and dried over
a period of 48 hours in sunlight. Conforming to IS 383-1970.

2.3 Coarse Aggregates:

The maximum size of aggregate is generally limited to 20mm. Aggregate of size 12 mm is desirable for structures having
congested reinforcement. Well graded cubical or rounded aggregate are desirable. Aggregates should be of uniform
quality with respect to shape and grading. Conforming to IS 383-1970.

2.4 Mixing water:

Ordinary potable water of normally pH 7 is used for mixing and curing the concrete specimen.

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 Arjun et al., International Journal of Emerging Research in Management &Technology
ISSN: 2278-9359 (Volume-6, Issue-5)
2.5 Admixtures for SCC:
An admixture is a material other than water, aggregates and cement and is added to the batch immediately before or
during its mixing. Admixtures are used to improve or give special properties to concrete. The use of admixture should
offer an improvement not economically attainable by adjusting the proportions of cement and aggregates and should not
adversely affect any properties of the concrete.

2.6 Super plasticizer:

CONPLAST SP 430 is used. CONPLAST SP 430 is based on sulphonated naphthalene polymers and supplied as a
brown liquid instantly dispersible in water. Conforming to IS 9103-(1999).

2.7. Metakaolin:
Metkaolin is superior clay that’s discharge (calcined) below suspiciously controlled conditions to make associated
nursing amorphous alumino-silicate therefore reactive in concrete. Efflorescence, that seems as a whitish vapor on
concrete, it caused where as lime hydrate reacts with a greenhouse emission with in atmosphere. Specific gravity 2.4 -
2.6.

2. 8 ALCCO FINE1203
ALCCOFINE1203 could be an especially prepared product support scoria of additional glass content with more
reactivity acquire through the method of restricted required degree of finess. Appropriate to its distinctive chemistry and
very fine particle size, ALCCOFINE1203 decreased water requirement for a required workability, then 70% of substitute
margin necessity of concrete performance. ALCCOFINE 1203 can also used as high range water decrease to enhance
compressive strength or as a super workability assist to improve flow.\

III. METHODOLOGY
The experimental procedure consists of testing the basic material properties in the laboratory and then fixing the
optimum mix for SCC taking into account the criteria for SCC as per EFNARC Guidelines and Nan-Su method. The
design mix ratio found by Nan-Su method is then used to develop SCC by trial mixes. The developed mixes should
satisfy the fresh property as per EFNARC guidelines. The ratio which satisfies all criteria of EFNARC is a final
developed ratio which the cement is replaced with 10% constant Metakoline and ALCCOFINE of 9- 14% at the interval
of 1% for the optimum mix and further fresh and hardened properties are to be studied. Total 84 Specimens were casted
and tested for compressive and splitting tensile strength.

3.1 Mixture proportions

This paper would contribute the limited studies about the MK & AF replacement. After then, seven different types of
mixtures have been obtained including control MK and AF based mixtures. These are indicated as: (NSCC) for normal
SCC, MK & AF based Mix-1 (SCC-MK10%+AF9%), Mix-2 (SCC-MK10%+AF10%), Mix-3 (SCC-MK10%+AF11%),
Mix-4 (SCC-MK10%+AF12%),Mix-5(SCC-MK10%+AF13%),Mix-6 (SCC-MK10%+AF14%).During the production
of fresh SCC, all ingredients have been mixed in dry state. Afterwards, chemical admixture has been dissolved in the rest
of mixing water and this solution has been added to the mixture. Mixing process has been continued until the mixture has
the consistency of self-compactibility. This duration was not less than 5min.

3.2 Mix design for SCC

The method of mix design for SCC proposed and used in this study is based on a method developed in Taiwan by Nan
Su.
Mix Design Procedure
The content of fine and coarse aggregates can be calculated as follows:
The parameter considered in the mix design is as follows.
S/a ratio: It is a ratio of fine aggregate to total mass of aggregate, which ranges usually
from 50% to 57%, (S/a) is been taken as 50%.
PF-Packing Factor: It is defined as a ratio of mass aggregate of tightly packed stated to that loosely packed state. The
volume ratio of aggregate in air is about 52-58%, in other words, a void in the loose aggregate is about 42-48% according
to ASTM C 29. On the other hand, the value ratio of aggregate after lubrication and compaction in SCC is about 59-68%.
In this study the PF values is selected to be 1.16.
Wfa = Mass of the fine aggregate per cum.
Wca = Mass of the coarse aggregate per cum.
Wfal = Bulk density of fine aggregate.
Wcal = Bulk density of coarse aggregate.
fc = Grade of concrete.
CF = Correction factor.
Step 1. Calculation of fine aggregates.
Wfa = PF * Wfal * S/a
=1.2*1449*50/100
=869.4 kg/m3.

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 Arjun et al., International Journal of Emerging Research in Management &Technology
ISSN: 2278-9359 (Volume-6, Issue-5)
Step 2. Calculation of coarse aggregate
Wc =PF * Wcal * (1-S/a)
=1.2*1485*(1-50/100) =891 kg/m3
Step 3. Calculation of cement
C = (fc/0.14) * CF
= (40/0.14)*1.38
=394.28 kg/m3
Step 4. Calculation of Mixing Water Content Required by Cement
The content of mixing water required by cement can then be obtained using the Equation.
Wow = [w/c] * C
= 0.8 * 394.28
= 315.42 kg/m3
Step 5. Final quantities
Cement=395 kg/m3
Fine Aggregates=870 kg/m3
Coarse aggregates=891kg/m3
Water=316kg/m3
Ratio = 1:2.20:2.25
Mix proportion obtained by Nan-Su, Method is 1:2.20:2.25 and w/p Ratio 0.8.

3.3 Trial Mixes

Several trial mixes are prepared by changing the volume ratio of fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water/powder ratio and
plasticizer and mix M40 (1:1.6:1.6) which satisfies the fresh concrete properties as per EFNARC guidelines is selected
for control concrete mixes in laboratory.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The basic materials used in the present work are tested in the laboratory in order to ascertain the properties of
different materials to satisfy the codal provisions. Further, tested the cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate,
alccofine.The experimental program details with the study of rehology and hardened properties of developed SCC mixes
in the laboratory with different curing ages are 7 & 28 days.

4.1 Test Results Of Material

Table 4.1 Test results of different materials
Requirement as per
Results
Sl. No Material Tests conducted IS:8112-1989
obtained

Specific gravity 3.13 Not more than 3.15

Normal consistency (%) 28 33%
Initial setting time (min) 56 Not less than 30
Final setting time (min) 363 Not more than 600
Cement
Fineness of cement (%) 4 Not more than 10%
43 Grade
1 Compressive strength
7-days (Mpa) 33.10 33
28-days (Mpa) 45.10 43
Specific gravity 2.84 -
2 ALCCOFINE Bulk density(Kg/m3) 660 -
Specific gravity 2.5 Not more than 2.75
Fine Bulk density (Kg/m3) 1449 Not more than 1760
aggregate Water absorption (%) 1.8 Not more than 2%
3
Fineness modulus (%) 2.30 Not more than 3.2%
Specific gravity 2.6 Not more than 2.85
Coarse Bulk density (Kg/m3) 1485 Not more than 1760
4
aggregate Water absorption (%) 0 0 Not more than 0.6%

4.2 Fresh Property Of SCC

Fresh Properties
The 3 main properties of SCC in plastic state are:
i. Filling ability (excellent deformability)

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 Arjun et al., International Journal of Emerging Research in Management &Technology
ISSN: 2278-9359 (Volume-6, Issue-5)
ii. Passing ability (ability to pass reinforcement without blocking)
iii. High resistance to segregation
The following are fresh properties are Conduced in the laboratory tests are slump flow test, v-Funnel, J-Ring, U-box test
are satisfied the EFNARC guidelines for developed scc mixes are reported in table 4.2

Table 4.2 Fresh properties of SCC

Slump T50cm Slump V-funnel V-funnel T5 J-ring U-
Specifications flow(mm) flow (Sec) (Sec) minutes(Sec) (mm) box(mm)
SCC 0%+MK10% 695 3.5 8 1.5 6 9
SCC - MK10%+AF9% 692 3.7 9 1.9 7 13
SCC- MK10%+AF10% 688 3.6 10.5 2.0 7 17
SCC- MK10%+AF 11% 682 3.4 9 2.1 8 19
SCC- MK10%+AF 12% 680 3.5 10 2.2 8 22
SCC- MK10%+AF 13% 677 3.6 10 2.4 8.5 25
SCC- MK10%+AF 14% 672 3.6 11 2.7 9 26

4.2 Hardened properties of SCC

The important hardened properties of SCC are compressive and splitting tensile strengths. However in the present
investigation they are evaluated by replacing cement by Metakaolin (MK) and Alccofine (AF).
4.2.1Compressive Strength: The compressive strength results of SCC, when cement is partially replaced by constant
MK& varying AF for different ages is reported in table 4.3

Table 4.3 Compressive Strength for various replacement levels at 7 & 28-days
Specifications CompressiveStrength (Mpa)
7- Days 28-Days

SCC 0%+MK10% 27.56 47.69

SCC - MK10%+AF9% 26.22 43.53
SCC- MK10%+AF10% 28.60 50.70
SCC- MK10%+AF 11% 32.58 50.97
SCC- MK10%+AF 12% 31.10 49.67
SCC- MK10%+AF 13% 31.00 48.25
SCC- MK10%+AF 14% 30.90 46.47

60 0%
9%
50
Compressive strentgh(Mpa)

10%
40 11%
12%
30 13%
14%
20

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Age (Days)

Fig.4.1 Graph of variation of compressive strength versus age in days

Observation: From the Fig.4.1, it is seen that the compressive strength of 7 and 28 days the optimum strength gained
after 28 days curing period is at 11% replacement and the lowest strength at 9% replacement of ALCCOFINE with
cement. At 7 days curing the optimum strength gained is at 11% replacement and lowest at 9% replacement of
ALCCOFINE with cement.

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 Arjun et al., International Journal of Emerging Research in Management &Technology
ISSN: 2278-9359 (Volume-6, Issue-5)
Split Tensile Strength: The Split tensile strength results for various replacement levels of ALCCOFINE by cement (9-
14%) at an increment of 1% for 7 & 28-days is shown in Table 4.4.

Table 4.4 Split Tensile Strength for various replacement levels at 7 & 28 days
Compressive Strength (Mpa)
Specifications 7- Days 28-Days
SCC 0%+MK10% 2.16 2.93
SCC - MK10%+AF9% 2.30 3.22
SCC- MK10%+AF10% 2.43 3.33
SCC- MK10%+AF 11% 2.73 3.96
SCC- MK10%+AF 12% 2.62 3.46
SCC- MK10%+AF 13% 2.50 3.30
SCC- MK10%+AF 14% 2.28 3.05

0%
4.5
4 9%
Split tensile strength (Mpa)

3.5 10
3 %
11
2.5 %
12
2 %
13
1.5
%
1
0.5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Age(days)

Fig. 4.2 Graph of variation of Split tensile strength versus age in days.

Observation: From the Fig 4.3, it is seen that the splitting tensile strength of 7 and 28.The optimum strength gained At 7
days curing is at 11% replacement SCC Mix and lowest at 0% replacement of ALCCOFINE with cement SCC Mix.
After 28 days curing period is at 11% replacement and the lowest strength at 0% replacement of ALCCOFINE with
cement. At 7 days curing the optimum strength gained is at 11% replacement and lowest at 0% replacement of
ALCCOFINE with cement.

V. CONCLUSIONS AND SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK

Based on the investigations conducted for the study of behavior of SCC with ALCCOFINE the following conclusions are
arrived.
 Trial and error procedure have to be adopted for maintaining flow ability, self compatibility and obstruction
clearance as per Nan Su method till to arrive consistent SCC mix.
 There is an increase in the strength of SCC when the cement was replaced by ALCCOFINE up to 11%. This
also reduces the cement content by increasing the ALCCOFINE thus reducing the further cost of SCC mixes
developed.
 It is seen that density is directly proportional to strength, as the density increases, strength increases where as the
density decreases, strength also decreases.
 ALCCOFINE can be a very good replacement for cement with respect to economy, strength and the
considerations of availability of resources. The ALCCOFINE in place of cement shall be very economical and
can also help in the utility of Industrial wastes and in maintaining the ecological balance thus reducing the
consumption of cement.

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