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hanfmhananfmhan@yahoo
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Professor Mohamed Interpretation of collected data,
Mohamedy Awad, Professor literature review, statistical
of Family Medicine , Suez analysis review of discussion
Canal University Email
mohammadydiab@yahoo.c
om
Prof. Magda Fahmy, Literature review, review of
professor of psychiatry, discussion
Suez Canal University
Corresponding author:
Dr hanan abbas
Lecturer of family medicine, Suez canal university
Mobile: 0123808365
E mail: hanfmhananfmhan@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Background:
This study aims to assess relationship between care giving process and
disability of the elderly.
Prevalence of burden among caregivers was 37 % with mean burden score was
22. The study showed that statistically significant positive correlation between
burden score and age of the elderly, number of chronic diseases, and caregiver
age. And statistically significant negative correlation between burden score and
ADL score, MMSE score. But no statistically significant between burden score
care-giving hours/d, and income.
Conclusion:
Introduction:
Informal caregiver refer to family members who provide the care to impaired
older adults living in the community (Lisa Nerenberg, 2002). Caregivers'
burden is a social issue in many countries (Aria Y, et al, 2005) .
Caregiver burnout is the progression of caregiver burden to the point where the
experience is no longer a viable or healthy option for either the caregiver or the
person receiving care (Zarit SH et al, 1980).
Arai et al 2002; conducted a survey targeting all disabled elderly and their
principal caregivers residing in Matsuyama Town located in rural northern
Japan, using Zarit Burden Interview questionnaire to assess the level of burden
among the caregivers and found that the prevalence of this burden was 32.7%
( Aria Y et al, 2002 ).
Difficulties experienced by caregivers often are considered only after the signs
of burnout are apparent.
Illness frequently has a ripple effect across the entire family group, affecting
both the health of other family members and the quality of care they deliver
( Stone R et al ,1987).
Interpretation
• No or minimal burden: 0 to 20
o Mild to moderate burden: 21 to 40
o Moderate to severe burden: 41 to 60
o Severe burden: 61 to 88
-The questionnaire was translated into Arabic and the necessary
modifications were done.
Pilot study was done to assess understandability of the items, their meaning,
and their clarity to the Egyptian patients.
Data presentation and analysis
Data was collected by the researcher and was be processed by using SSPS
V.11.
- Chi-square test was used for categorical variables and the level of significance
was be consideration statistically significant if (P-value is 0,05) and will be high
statistically signification if (P-value is 0,01)
- T-test was done for continuous variables.
-Pearson correlation test (r) was used for correlation between the variables of
the study.
The result was presented in order of percentage and tabulated in graphs and
tables.
RESULTS
Table( 1) illustrate the socio demographic data of disabled elderly, their mean age was
76.5±9.2, total number of male was 51.1% and female 48%, and about 83.6% suffer from
chronic diseases.
Table (2). Socio-demographic characteristic of the elderly caregiver (n=280).
Table( 2) illustrate the socio demographic data of caregivers, their mean age was 37.6±11.5,
total number of male was 12.5% and female 87.5%, and about 46.8% were daughter-in-law,
mean care- giving hours15.6 + 6.9
Table(3). Grading of Katz index of independence in ADL in the studied elderly (n=280).
Table 3 show that about 82.9% of disabled elderly suffer from functional disability. With
mild disability 50.4%, moderate disability 18.2% and sever disability 17.1%.
Table 4 showed that about 28.6% of disabled elderly suffer from cognitive disability with
mean mental score was 21.8±3.9 .
Fig (1) illustrated that burden among caregivers was 37%. With mild burden was
30 %, moderate burden was 5%. Severe burden was 2 % with mean burden score was 22.
Burden score
Pearson Correlation (r) p-value
Elderly age 0.298 0.000**
No. Chronic disease 0.315 0.000**
Caregiver age 0.276 0.000**
Income 0.061 0.305
ADL score -0.473 0.000*
Mental score -0.335 0.005**
Care-giving/h/d -0.019 0.753
* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level.
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level.
Table (5) demonstrate statistically significant positive correlation between burden score and
age of the elderly, number of chronic disease, and caregiver age. And statistically significant
negative correlation between burden score and ADL score, MMSE score. But no statistical
significance between burden score care-giving hours/d, and income.
Discussion
The objective of this study was to assess family caregivers burden for
disabled elderly in Ismailia, Egypt. The study included 280 disabled elderly
(functional or and mental disability) and their family caregivers.
This study found that caregivers were females 87.5%, Our findings are
similar to previous research findings in the study conducted by Rashmi (2007)
and Tomoko et al (2003), who reported that the most caregivers are females.
Most reports indicate that women make up about three quarters of all primary
caregivers (Montgomery & Kosloski, 1999; Wagner, 1997;Stone etal.,
1987) .
Three key findings have materialized from the body of literature that explores
issues of gender. First, most caregivers are female. Second, there are differences
in the way that men and women fill care giving roles. Third, female caregivers
tend to report greater levels of stress or strain than do males (Neal, Ingersoll-
Dayton, & Starrels, 1997).
However, the number of male caregivers appears to be rising, and a survey
conducted by the National Family Caregiver Association (NFCA) in 2000 found
that 44% of the caregivers interviewed were male (NFCA, 2000).
Studies had found that women provide more intensive care than do men. Male
spousal caregivers are more likely than female spousal caregivers to obtain in-
home services to aid in their responsibilities and sons and daughters tend to
choose different solutions when care giving situations arise. For example,
women are more likely to perform tasks such as cooking and cleaning, which
often require more time or more frequent contact than do the tasks that males
are more apt to perform, such as financial management and home repairs
(Tennstedt, 1999).
Conclusion : the present study revealed that there was positive correlation
between age of disabled elderly and the degree of burden, and the burden
increase when the disabled elderly was male. The study showed that
caregivers of disabled elderly who has chronic disease, suffer from more burden
than who do not have chronic disease.
Also there was a statistically significant association between sex of caregivers
and the level of the burden. male caregivers suffer more burden than female.
Our study revealed that the older age of the caregivers suffer from more
burden than the younger age and found that the spouse has higher burden than
the other member of family.
Our study revealed that there was negative relation between elderly functional
disability, mental disability, of elderly, income of the caregivers, care giving
hours and the level of the burden.
References:
1. Norris VK, Stephens-Parris MA, Kinny JM (1990). The impact of family
4. Lisa Nerenberg, M.S.W., M.P.H (2002): Caregiver Stress and Elder Abuse
National Center on Elder Abuse Washington, D.C. March 2002 from www.
Elderlyabuse center.org