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Communication Systems Amplitude Modulation System |1

QUESTION BANK

1. Assertion (A): Linear AM detector applied with 5. In commercial TV transmission in India, picture and
two amplitude-modulated waves simul-taneously, speech signals are modulated respectively as
one being very weak with respect to the other, (Picture) (Speech)
detects only the strong signal.
(a) VSB & VSB
Reason (R): Detector selectivity is increased in
(b) VSB & SSB
the presence of strong signal.
(c) VSB & FM
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A (d) FM & VSB

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct 6. Which of the following demodulator(s) can be used
explanation of A for demodulating the signal x(t) = 5(1 + 2 cos 200 t)
cos 20000 t :
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true (a) Envelope demodulator

2. In an AM signal when the modulation index is (b) Square-law demodulator

one, the maximum power Pt, (where Pc is the (c) Synchronous demodulator
carrier power) is equal to (d) None of the above
(a) P c (b) 1.5Pc 7. v(t) = 5[cos(106t) – sin(103t) × sin(106t)]
(c) 2P C (d) 2.5 Pc represents :
3. A DSB suppressed carrier reception is shown in (a) DSB suppressed carrier signal
the below figure. If (SNR)j is the S/N ratio for (b) AM signal
direct (incoherent) detection and (SNR)S is that
(c) SSB upper sideband signal
for (coherent) synchronous detection, then
(d) Narrow band FM signal
Signal
BPF LPF 8. A DSB-SC signal is generated using the carrier
cos(c t + ) and modulating signal x(t). The envelop
of the DSB-SC signal is :
Carrier
(a) x(t)
(a) (SNR)s = 2(SNR)i
(b) |x(t)|
(b) (SNR)s = (SNR)i
(c) Only positive portion of x(t)
(c) (SNR)s = 4(SNR)i
(d) x(t) cos 
(d) (SNR)s = 1/2(SNR)i
9. A modulated signal is given by, s(t) = m1(t)cos(2fct)
4. A 4 GHz carrier is DSB-SC modulated by a lowpass
+ m2(t)sin(2fct) where the baseband signal m1(t)
message signal with maximum frequency of 2
and m2(t) have bandwidths of 10 kHz and 15 kHz,
MHz. The resultant signal is to be ideally sampled.
respectively. The bandwidth of the modulated signal,
The minimum frequency of the sampling impulse
in kHz, is :
train should be :
(a) 10 (b) 15
(a) 4 MHz (b) 8 MHz
(c) 25 (d) 30
(c) 8 GHz (d) 8.004 GHz
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2| Amplitude Modulation System ECE
–at
10. A modulated signal is given by s(t) = e cos[(c + 16. In AM voltage signal S(t), with a carrier
)t]u(t), where a, c and  are positive constants, frequency of 1.15 GHz has a complex envelope
and c >> . The complex envelope of s(t) is given g(t) = Ac[1 + m(t)], Ac = 500V, and the
by : Modulation is a 1 KHz sinusoidal test tone
described by m(t) = 0.8 sin (2 × 103t), appears
(a) exp(–at)exp[j(c + D)t]u(t) across a 50 W resistive load. What is the actual
(b) exp(–at)exp(jt)u(t) power dissipated in the load?
(c) exp(jt)·u(t) (a) 165 KW (b) 82.5 KW
(d) exp[(jc+)t] (c) 3.3 KW (d) 6.6 KW

11. The Hilbert transform of cos1t + sin2t is : 17. A given AM broadcast station transmits an
average carrier power output of 40 KW and
(a) sin1t – cos2t (b) sin1t + cos2t uses a modulation index of 0.707 for sine wave
(c) cos1t – sin2t (d) sin1t + sin2t modulation. What is the maximum (peak)
amplitude of output if the antenna is represented
12. Consider the Trapezoidal pattern for AM wave
by 9.50  resistive load?
shown below. Modulation index is given by
(a) 50 KV (b) 50 V
(c) 3.414 KV (d) 28.28KV

3cm 1cm 18. 15 signal each bandlimited to 15 KHz are to be

transmitted over a single channel by frequency
division multiplexing. If AM-SSB modulation
guardband of 3 KHz is used, the bandwidth of
(a) 33% (b) 50% the multiplexed signal will be
(c) 75% (d) 100% (a) 267 KHz (b) 270 KHz
13. Consider vestigial signal sideband modulation (c) 534 KHz (d) 540 KHz
system used to modulate a TV signal having 19. For given synchronous demodulator, modulated
bandwidth equal to 4 MHz. If roll-off factor is AM signal XAM(t) = [A + m(t)] cos ct. The
1, then the bandwidth required to transmit the value of y(t) is
signal is given by XAM(t) d(t)
LPF Capacitor y(t)
(a) 5 MHz (b) 4 MHz
(c) 6 MHz (d) 7 MHz ~ cos ct
14. For a message signal m(t) = 10 cos 100t with mt
(a) m(t) (b)
60% modulation, the maximum envelope time 2
will be mt
(c) (d) zero
(a) 10.3 ms (b) 13.3 ms 4
(c) 33.3 ms (d) 10 ms 20. A non-linear device with a transfer characteristic
given by i = (10 + 2vi + 0.2vi2) mA is supplied
15. One of the following methods cannot be used to with a carrier of 1 V amplitude and a sinusoidal
remove the unwanted sideband in SSB, This is signal of 0.5 V amplitude in series. If at the
the output, the frequency component of AM signal
(a) filter system (b) phase-shift method is considered, the depth of modulation is

(c) third method (d) balanced modulator (a) 18% (b) 10%
(c) 20% (d) 33.33%
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Communication Systems Amplitude Modulation System |3
21. An AM modulator has output xc(t) = A cos 400 25. In an amplitude modulated system, if the total
t + B cos 380 t + B cos 420 t. The carrier power is 600 W and the power in carrier is 400
power is 100 W and the efficiency is 40%. The W, then the modulation index is
value of A and B are (a) 0.5 (b) 0.75
(a) 14.14, 8.16 (b) 50, 10 (c) 0.9 (d) 1
(c) 22.36, 13.46 (d) None of the above 26. The ramp signal m(t) = at is applied to a delta
modulator with sampling period Ts and step size
2 sin 2t
22. In the given figure m  t   , s(t) = cos 5. Slope overload distortion would occur if
t
sin 199t (a)  < a (b)  > a
200 t and n  t   . The output y(t) is
t (c)  < aTs (d)  > aTs
Multiplier Adder Multiplier 27. Which one of the following statements regarding
m(t) LPF the threshold effect in demodulators is correct?
1 Hz y(t)
(a) It is exhibited by all demodulators when the
|H(j)|=1
input signal to noise ratio is low
s(t) n(t) s(t)
(b) It is the rapid fall in output signal to noise
sin 2t ratio when the input signal to noise ratio falls
(a) below a particular value
2t
(c) It is the property exhibited by all AM
sin 2t sin t suppressed carrier coherent demodulators
(b)  cos 3t
2t t (d) It is the property exhibited by correlation
receivers
sin 2t sin 0.5t
(c)  cos1.5t 28. For an AM wave, the maximum voltage was found
2t t
sin 2t sin t to be 10 V and the minimum voltage was found
(d)  cos .75t to be 5 V. The modulation index of the wave
2t t
would be
23. An arbitrary signal m(t) has zero average value
and it is band-limited to 3.2 kHz. It is sampled at (a) 0.33 (b) 0.52
the rate of 8 k samples/s. The samples are passed (c) 0.40 (d) 0.1
through an ideal band­pass filter with centre 29. A carrier of frequency 1 MHz is amplitude
frequency of 32 kHz and bandwidth of 6.4 kHz. modulated by a signal of frequency of 1 kHz to
The output of the band-pass filter is a depth of 60%. This is passed through a filter of
characteristics shown in the given Figure-I and
(a) AM-DSB signal with suppressed carrier
Figure-II. If the filter output is fed to an envelope
(b) AM-DSB signal with carrier detector, the detector output will be
(c) AM-SSB signal with carrier
(d) a sequence of exponentially decaying sine waves linear
1.0 Phase 90º
24. A 4 GHz carrier is DSBSC modulated by a low
IMagl
pass message signal with maximum frequency
of 2 MHz. The resultant signal to be ideally 0.1 0.1
6 6
sampled. The minimum frequency of the 9.999k 10 10.001k 9.999k 10 10.001k
Frequency Hz Frequency Hz
sampling train should be
Figure I Figure II
(a) 4 MHz (b) 8 MHz (a) zero (b) DC
(c) 8 GHz (d) 8.004 GHz (c) DC + 1kHz signal (d) 1 kHz signal
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30. If the radiated power of AM transmitter is 10
k2P P
kW, the power in the carrier for modulation index (a) (b)
1 k P 2
1  k 2P
of 0.6 is nearly
(a) 8.24 kW (b) 8.47 kW 2P P
(c) (d)
(c) 9.26 kW (d) 9.6 kW A c2  2k 2 P 2
k P
31. In a low-level AM system, the amplifier which
36. Match List I with List II and select the correct
follows the modulated stage must be the
answer using the codes given below the lists:
(a) linear device (b) harmonic device List I
(c) class-C amplifier (d) non-linear device A. Collector modulation
32. In a single-tone amplitude modulated signal at a B. Phase shift method
modulation depth of 100% transmit a total power C. Balanced modulator
of 15W, the power in the carrier component is
D. Amplitude limiter
(a) 5W (b) 10W
List II
(c) 12W (d) 15W
1. FM generation
33. Which one of the following is used for the 2. DSB generation
detection of AM-DSB-SC signal ?
3. AM generation
(a) Ratio detector
4. SSB generation
(b) Foster-Seeley discriminator
Codes: A B C D
(c) Product demodulator (a) 3 4 1 2
(d) Balanced slope detector (b) 4 3 1 2
34. Consider an amplitude modulated (AM) wave (c) 3 4 2 1
c m  t    A c  A m cos m t  cos c t . If Ps (d) 4 3 2 1
denotes the power in any one of the side 37. Consider the following applications :
frequencies and PT denotes the total powr of the 1. Singal adder
AM signal, Ac = 2Am for which one of the 2. Signal multiplier
following is TRUE ?
3. AM demodulator
(a) PT  3Ps (b) PT  6Ps 4. Frequency multiplier

(c) PT  9Ps (d) PT  18Ps 5. Pulse modulator

A balanced modulator is useful as
35. An amplitude modulated signal
(a) 1, 2, 4 and 5 (b) 1, 3 and 5
s  t   Ac 1  km  t  cos 2fc t (message signal
(c) 2, 3, 4 and 5 (d) 2, 3 and 4
m(t) has powre P and constant k determines the 38. Consider the following statements about SSB
modulation index) is sent through an AWGN (Single Side Band) transmission :
channel and detected using an envelope detector.
1. It requires less power.
If the average carier power is large compared to
the noise power and any DC component present 2. Transmitter and receiver needed are simaple.
at the envelope detector output is removed, the 3. There is no interference.
figure of the merit of the detector is 4. Bandwidth required is less.
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Communication Systems Amplitude Modulation System |5
Of these statements : Reason (R) : Square law detection leads to large
(a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct second harmonic distortion, which is porportional
to the modulation index of the sinusoidal signal.
(b) 1, 2 and 4 are correct
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
(c) 1, 2 and 4 are correct
explanation of A
(d) 1 and 4 are correct
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct
39. A 10 MHz carrier of peak value 10V is amplitude
explanation of A
modulated by a 10 kHz signal of amplitude 6V.
The amplitude of each side-band frequency is (c) A is true, but R is false

(a) 3V (b) 4V (d) A is false, but R is true

(c) 5V (d) 6V 43. A DSB-SC signal is being detected synchronously.
40. Assertion (A) : For transmitting audio frequency The phase error locally generated carrier will
signals, antennas of several hundred kilometers (a) cause phase delay
length would be required. (b) cause phase distortion only
Reason (R) : For efficient radiation of (c) have the effect of reducing the output and
electromagnetic energy to occur from an antenna, causing phase distortion also
the wavelength of the radiated signal must be
(d) reduce the detected output only
comparable with the physical dimensions of the
antenna 44. The output of a diode detector contains
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct (a) the modulating signal
explanation of A (b) the DC voltage
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct (c) the RF ripple
explanation of A
(d) All of the above
(c) A is true, but R is false
45. An amplitude modulated analog waveform has a
(d) A is false, but R is true
maximum amplitude Amax and a minimum
41. Consider an SSB signal where the modulating amplitude Amin (a positive value), then the
signal is a speech signal. modulation index is given by
Assertion (A) : Its envelope detection will not
recover the modulating signal. A min 2A min
(a) A (b) A max  A min
Reason (R) : The envelope of an SSB is max

constant.
A max  A min A max  A min
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct (c) (d)
A max  A min 2  A max  A min 
explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct 46. The frequency spectrum of an amplitude
explanation of A modulated signal contains
(c) A is true, but R is false (a) carrier frequency only
(d) A is false, but R is true (b) sideband frequencies only
42. Assertion (A) : Square law detectors, though
(c) modulated frequencies only
simple, are not satisfactory for the detection of
(d) carrier and sideband frequencies
amplitude modulated signals.
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47. A sine wave carrier v c  Vc sin c t is amplitude-

modulated by the signal v m  Vm sin m t so that

the modulation index is unity : then the normalized
total power is carrier and side frequencies is
given by
3 2
(a) Vc (b) Vc2
4

3 2
(c) Vc (d) 3Vc2
2

48. A carrier voltage is simultaneously amplitude

modulated by two sine waves causing modulation
indices of 0.1 and 0.3. The overall rms value of
modulation index is
(a) 0.10 (b) 0.35
(c) 0.50 (d) 0.70
49. An AM transmitter radiates 1 kW with an un-
modulated carrier wave and 5 kW when it is
amplitude modulated if the same carrier were
frequency modulated, then the radiated power
will be
(a) 4 kW (b) 5 kW
(c) 4.5 kW (d) 8 kW
50. The maximum transmission power efficiency of
DSB-C amplitude modulation is
(a) 25% (b) 33.33%
(c) 50% (d) 100%


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Communication Systems Amplitude Modulation System |7

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

1. Ans. (d) 6. Ans. (c)
Assertion and reason both are true for angle- Given that
modulation. x(t) = 5(1 + 2cos200t) cos20000t …(i)
2. Ans. (b) The standard equation for AM signal is
 m2a 
pt = p c  1   X AM (t)  A c (1  m cos m t) cos c t
 2 
ma = 1 By comparing the equation (i) and equation (ii), we
have m = 2
 1
pt = pc 1    1.5p c Since the modulation index is more than 1 here, so
 2
it is the case of over modulation. When the
3. Ans. (b) modulation index of AM wave is more than 1 (over
In case of direct (incoherent) and coherent modulation) then the detection is possible only with
detection SNR remains same but in case of Non synchronous modulator only. Such signals can not
coherent detection SNR decreases compare to
incoherent and coherent. be detected with envelope detector.
4. Ans.(b)
7. Ans. (d)
fc = 4 GHz = 4000 MHz
6 5 6 3
f m = 2 MHz v(t) = 5cos(10 t)  cos(10  10 )t
2
fH = fc + fm = 4000 + 2
= 4002 MHz 5
 (106  103 ) t
fL = fc – fm = 4000 – 2 2

= 3998 MHz So, carrier and upper side-band are in phase and
lower side band is out of phase with carrier and
B.W. = fH – fL
upper side-band.
= 4002 – 3998 = 4 MHz
So, the given signal is narrow band FM signal.
fH 4002 8. Ans. (b)
=
B.W. 4
9. Ans. (d)
So, fH >> B.W. B.W. = 2fm
fs(min)  2B.W.. = 2 × 15 kHz
fs(min) = 2 × 4 = 8 MHz = 30 kHz
5. Ans. (c) 10. Ans.(b)
In commercial TV transmission in India, picture Complex envelope
signal is modulated using VSB modulation and

g(t) =
speech or audio signal is modulated using FM g  (t)e jc t
modulation.
Where g+(t) is preenvelope given as
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ˆ
g+(t) = g(t) + jg(t) 17. Ans. (c)

and ĝ(t) = e–atsin[(c + )t] A2C

PC   40  1000  AC2  2KV
2  50
 g+(t) = e  at e  j( c )t
Am  AC   0.707  2  1.414KV
Hence ĝ(t) = e  at e  jc t u(t)
 peak amplitude of the output
 at  j( c )t  jc t
= e e e = AC + Am = 3.414 KV

g(t) = e–atejtu(t) 18. Ans. (a)

11. Ans.(a) 15 × 15 KHz = 225 KHz

For Guard Band (15 – 1) 3 KHz = 42 KHz
H.T.
cos 1t 
 sin 1t
Total Bandwidth = 267 KHz
H.T. 19. Ans. (b)
sin 2 t 
  cos 2 t

12. Ans. (b) X AM  t  cos c t   A  m  t   cos 2 c t

13. Ans. (c)
1
 r   A  m  t    1  A  m  t   cos2 c t
(B.W.)VSSB =  1    f m and r = 1 (given) 2 2
 2

1 1 1
 After, LPF signal is mt  A
B.W. =  1    4  6 MHz 2 2
 2
By passing through blocking capacitor
14. Ans. (b)
mt
1 1  2 Then, y  t  
RC  2
m 
20. Ans. (b)
Max envelope time ;
vi  t   cos c t  0.5 cos m t

1 1  2 i  10  2  cos c t  0.5 cos mt 

t env  RC 
m 
2
0.2  cos c t  0.5 cos m t 
2
1 1   0.6 
  13.3 ms The AM signal
100 0.6
 2 cos c t  0.2 cos c t cos m t
15. Ans. (d)
16. Ans. (c)   2  0.2 cos m t  cos c t
Average power dissipated inthe load (50)
0.2 1
2 2 2 b   10%
V  500   400  2 10
    3.3 KW
R 2  50 4  500
21. Ans. (a)
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Communication Systems Amplitude Modulation System |9
24. Ans. (d)
A2
Carrier power Pc   100W, A  14.14 4 GHz carrier DSB-SC modulated by a message
2
signal 2 MHz.
Psb 40 Psb Total bandwidth = 4.002 GHz
E eff     0.4
Pc  Psb 100 100  Psb
Nyquist rate = 2fmax = 8.004 GHz
Pab  66.67W x(f)

1 2 1 2
Psb  B  B  66.67  B  8.161
2 2
22. Ans. (c)
f
0 3.998 4 Ghz 4.002
2 sin  2t  cos  200 t 
m  t  s  t   y1  t   25. Ans.(d)
t
 2 
2sin  202t   sin 198t  P T = PC  1  m 
  2 
t
 2 
600 = 400  1  m 
y1  t   n  t   y 2  t   2 

sin 202t  sin198t sin198t m2 6 1

   = 1 
t t 2 4 2
 m=1
y2  t  s  t   y  t  26. Ans.(c)
sin 202t  sin198t  sin199 t  cos 200 t Slope overload distortion would occur is

t 
a>    aTs
1 Ts
 sin  402t   sin  2t  27. Ans.(b)
2t
The loss of a message in an envelope detector that
sin  398t   sin  2t   sin  399t   sin  t   operates at a low carrier-to-noise ratio is referred
to as the threshold effect. By threshold we mean a
After filtering
value of carrier-to-noise ratio below which the noise
sin  2t   2sin  2t   sin  t  performance of a detector deteriorates much more
yt 
2t rapidly than proportionately to the CNR.
sin  2t   2sin  0.5t  cos 1.5t  28. Ans.(a)

2t Modulation index,

sin 2t sin 0.5t Vmax  Vmin

  cos1.5t m=
2t t Vmax  Vmin

23. Ans.(a) 10  5
=
Signal has zero average value 10  5
5
 carrier is supressed =  0.33
15
# 100-102, Ram Nagar, Bambala Puliya
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 ENGINEERS ACADEMY
10 | Amplitude Modulation System ECE
29. Ans.(a)
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is corrected as :
30. Ans.(b)

 2 
P T = PC 1  m 
 2 

 0.62 
10 = PC 1  
 2 
 P C = 8.47 kW
31. Ans.(a)
In a low-level AM system, the amplifier must be
linear device.
32. Ans. (b)

33. Ans. (c)

34. Ans. (d)

35. Ans. (a)

36. Ans. (c)

37. Ans. (a)

38. Ans. (c)

39. Ans. (a)

40. Ans. (a)

41. Ans. (b)

42. Ans. (a)

43. Ans. (a)

44. Ans. (d)

45. Ans. (c)

46. Ans. (d)

47. Ans. (a)

48. Ans. (b)

49. Ans. (a)

50. Ans. (b)



# 100-102, Ram Nagar, Bambala Puliya

Email : info @ engineersacademy.org
Pratap Nagar, Tonk Road, Jaipur-33
Website : www.engineersacademy.org
Ph.: 0141-6540911, +91-8094441777