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SOCRATES
MAN IS COMPOSED OF TWO PARTS
first philosopher who engaged in a 1. MATTER or HYLE
systematic questioning about the self Refers to the common stuff that make up
His mission is “the true task of the everything in the universe
philosopher is to know oneself”
2. FORM or MORPHE
Body and soul are two important aspect of
his personhood Refers to the essence of a substance or
Every man is composed of body and soul – thing
Every individual is dualistic
SOUL – is what animates the body
BODY - all individuals have an imperfect,
impermanent aspect BODY – What makes us human
SOUL - all individuals have a perfect and
RENE DESCARTES
permanent
The father of Modern Philosophy
PLATO conceived that the human person as having
Socrates student a body and mind
Supported the idea of Socrates “man is a His famous treatise is “The Meditations of
dual nature of body and soul First Philosophy”
Do not believe in soul
THREE COMPONENTS OF THE SOUL Body is nothing else but a machine that
1. RATIONAL SOUL attached to the mind
Forged by the reason and intellect has to
THE SELF TWO DISTINCT ENTITIES
govern the affairs of the human person
1. COGITO or THE THING THAT THINKS
2. SPIRITED SOUL
Which is The Mind
Which is in charge of emotions, should be
kept at bay 2. EXTENZA or EXTENSION OF THE MIND
3. APPETITIVE SOUL Which is The Body
In charge of base desire, like eating,
drinking, sleeping, and having sexual DAVID HUME
intercourse, is controlled as well
A Scottish philosopher has a very unique
AUGUSTINE & THOMAS AQUINAS way of looking at man.
Empiricist who believes that one can know
ST. AUGUSTINE
only what comes from the senses and
Human person reflects the entire spirit of experience
the medieval world when it comes to man According to him men can only attain
Adopted some ideas from Plato but with knowledge by experience
religious side “The self is nothing else but a bundle of
“Man is bifurcated nature” – there is an expression”
aspect of man, which dwells in the world,
THE SELF CATEGORIZED IN TWO
that is imperfect and continuously yearns to
be with the divine while the other is 1. IMPRESSION
capable of reaching immortality
Are the basic object of our experience or
BODY – is bound to die on earth
sensation
SOUL – to anticipate living eternally in a realm of
spiritual bliss in communion with God 2. IDEAS
Copies of Impression
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
The most eminent 13th century scholar and
stalwart of the medieval philosophy
appended something to this Christian view.
WHAT IS SELF? GENDER NEUTRAL
Commonly defined by the following There is a clear distinction between third
characteristics: person male and third person female
Separate, Self – Contained, Independent, pronoun
Consistent, Unitary, and Private.
THE SELF & DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL
Separate – It is meant that the self is
WORLD
distinct from other selves
Unitary – It is the center of all experiences MEAD & VYGOTSKY
and thoughts that run through a certain
Human person develop with the use of
person
language acquisition and interaction with
Self-contained – Distinctness is allowed
others.
with its own thoughts, characteristics, and
volition MEAD
Independent – Does not require any other Believes that through this that a child
self for to exist delineates the “I” from the rest
Consistent – It has a personality that is
enduring and therefore can be expected to VYGOTSKY
persist for quite some time Believes that a child internalizes real – life
Private – self is isolated from the external dialogues that he has had with others, with
world. It lives within its own world his family, his primary caregiver, or his
THE SELF & CULTURE playmates