Question Answer

What is the name for 1 or more forms of the

Allele.
same gene?
What is the name for the building blocks of
Amino acids.
proteins?
What is the name for the thread-like structure
Chromosome.
that contains all or part of the DNA?
What is the name for the 3-base group used in
Condon.
genetic code?
What is the name for the structure of DNA? Double-helix.
What is the basic hereditary unit that carries the
Gene.
instuctions to make a particular protein called?
What is the name for all of the information
Genome.
encoded in our genes?
What is the name for the genetic makeup of a
Genotype.
cell or organism?
What is a cell called that has pairs of different
Heterozygous.
alleles?
What is a cell called if it has identical alleles? Homozygous.
What is the name for the position of a gene on a
Locus (plural: loci).
chromosome?
What is the term used to describe a change in a
Mutation.
cell's genetic code?
What term describes the physical characteristics
Phenotype.
of an organism?
What is an allele called if it shows in a
Dominant.
heterozygous genotype?
What is an allele called if it is not expressed
Recessive.
unless it's genotype homozygous?
What is commonly used to determine the
phenotypes of the childern using the genotypes A Punnet Square.
of the parents?
In a Punnet Square, what are the parents called? Carriers.
Why can't a non-tongue-roller be heterozygous Because a recessive allele will only
for the condition? be expressed in an individual if they
 have a homozygous genotype.
Simple Inheritance; Incomplete
What are the 4 types of inheritance? Inheritance; Co-Domination; Sex-
linked Inheritance.
Which is the form of inheritance where 2 or
more alleles are expressed in the phenotype of a Incomplete Inheritance.
heterozygous genotype?
Which is the form of inheritance where the
phenotype of the heterozygous organism is a
Co-Dominance.
combination of the phenotypes of the
homozygous organism?
If a person has blood group 'O', what are the
OO.
possible genotypes?
If a person has blood group 'A', what are the
AA or AO.
possible genotypes?
If a person has blood group 'B', what are the
BB or BO.
possible genotypes?
If a person has blood group 'AB', what are the
AB.
possible genotypes?
What is the short form of "Deoxyribonucleic
DNA.
Acid"?
What did Watson & Crick discover in 1953? The DNA molecule.
What is a building block consisting of a sugar
group, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base A nucleotide.
called?
What are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and The 4 nitrogen bases in a
Cytosine? nucleotide.
What is it called when Adenine & Thymine, and
Complementary pairing.
Guanine & Cytosine pair together?
Each condon describes the type and sequence of
Amino acids.
what?
Cells use amino acids to make _______
Protein molecules.
_________.
All genes begin with the same 3 letters: ___. ATG.
There are 3 "stop" condons. What are they? TAA, TAG, and TGA.
There are a total of ___ possible condons. Sixty-four.
There are only ___ amino acids. Twenty.
What is the process when DNA is copied exactly
Replication.
called?
Each _____ on a DNA strand codes for an _____
Codon; Amino acid.
____.
Mutations will only be inherited if they occur in
In gametes or in the zygote cell.
what?
What are X-rays, gamma rays, and ultraviolet
Mutagens.
light known as?
Cell mutations, that can become a
What can mutagens cause?
cancerous tumour.
What is the most common form of mutation? Single-gene Mutation.
The disease Sickle-cell Anaemia is a result of
Single-gene Mutation.
__________.
What is the disease in which the individual has
Tri-21 (Down Syndrome).
an extra chromosome (number 21)?
What are body cells called? Somatic cells.
What are sex cells called? Gametes.
What are 2 types if cell division in animals? Mitosis and Meiosis.
How many daughter cells does Mitosis produce? Two.
What are the daughter cells produced by Mitosis
Diploid cells.
called?
True/false: Diploid cells are exact copies of their
True.
parents.
How many daughter cells does Meiosis produce? Four.
What are the daughter cells produced by
Haploid cells.
Meiosos called?
How many chromosomes do diploid cells have? 46 chromosomes each (23 pairs).
True/false: Haploid cells have 22 chromosomes
False - they have 23 each.
each.
Why does Meiosis produce 4 daughter cells? Beacuse there are 2 divisions.
What is the passing on of characteristics from the
Heredity.
parents to the offspring called?
What is the characteristic that is inherited called? A trait.
What is the offspring of parents that have
A hybrid.
different forms of a trait called?
What is the regular sequence of growth and
The Cell Cycle.
division that cells undergo called?
What only pairs with Thymine (T)? Adenine (A).
What only pairs with Guanine (G)? Cytosine (C).
The 4 nitrogen bases: Adenine (A),
What are the 'rungs' of DNA made up of? Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and
Cytosine (C).
What is a nucleotide base attached to? Sugar.
What are the 'rails' of DNA made up of? Sugar and Phosphate.
What is the sugar in DNA? Deoxyribose.
True/false: The Y chromosome is small and
True.
carries very few genes.
It is possible that all humans had brown eyes
Blue mutant gene.
until a ____ ______ ____ appeared.
Somatic cells are _______ (2n). Diploid.
Gametes are _______ (n). Haploid.
Chromosome pairs of the same length,
centromere position, and staining pattern, with Homologous pairs.
genes in the same loci are called what?
True/false: Homologous pairs cannot contain
False.
different alleles for each feature (eg. eye colour).
Females have a homologous pair of
XX.
chromosomes (____).
Males have an ____ chromosome. XY.
In a Pedigree, a male is represented by what? A square.
In a Pedigree, a female is represented by what? A circle.
What are chromosomes made of? DNA and proteins.
What is it called when the offspring will only
True breeding (or 'purebred').
display 1 form of a character?
What is the likelihood that a specific event will
Probability.
occur called?
Where are chromosoms located? In the nucleus of a cell.
Where are genes located? On the chomosomes.
Where are 2 identical copies of the chromosome
At the centromere.
located?
Who is the "father of modern genetics"? Gregor Mendel.
What is it called when A bonds to T and C to G? Base pairing.
Which type of blood is the universal donor? Type 'O'.
Which type of blood is the universal recipient? Type 'AB'.
What is the type of inheritance that is gneder-
Sex-linked Inheritance.
specific?
What speeds up a chemical reaction, and is
An enzyme.
released unchanged?
What are genetically identical cells, created
Daughter cells.
through Mitosis called?
Because there is a 50% chance that
Why would you expect half the children born in
the sperm carries an X- or a Y-
the world to be female?
chromosome.