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Overview

Policy
Elevators
Escalators &
1. Driving System
Moving Walks
Mitsubishi Electric (1) Traction Method
Inazawa Works
Tools Two types of driving systems for rope-type elevators include drum method (winding-drum type elevator) and traction method (traction type
elevator). The traction method comprises the following:
Applications
(a) Geared
Products
Motor rotation (speed) is reduced by 1/10th using a speed reducer equipped with worm or helical gears, and transmitted to the traction
sheave of the traction machine.
Modernization
(b) Gearless
Project Gallery The traction sheave is connected directly to the shaft of the traction motor, and the motor rotation (speed) is transmitted directly to the
traction sheave without any intermediate gearing.
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(2) Hydraulic Type

With the hydraulic type driving system, the hydraulic power unit forces oil into the hydraulic jack (a combined plunger and cylinder) and the
plunger pushes the car upwards using energy stored in the oil under pressure. The car descends automatically as the oil returns to the
cylinder along the same route. Car-and-jack combinations are described in the table below.

Following the introduction of the machine-room-less traction method elevator, production figures for hydraulic-type elevators have been falling
each year.

(a) Direct Acting (direct plunger driving)

Plunger pushes up car directly at a 1:1 ratio of plunger-to-car movement.
(b) Indirect Acting (suspended type or roped hydraulic drive)
Plunger is connected to car by roping using a deflector and suspension sheave, moves car up and down at a 1:2 ratio of plunger-to-car
movement.

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2. Roping Systems

There are various roping systems as shown in the figures and tables below. Although they vary according to the traction speed, rated load,
and other factors, roping should be kept as simple as possible. Reducing the number of deflectors and suspension sheaves improves
longevity and efficiency of the ropes.

With 2:1 or 4:1 roping, car speed is reduced to 1/2 or 1/4, respectively, of the rope speed, because suspension sheaves are provided above
(or below) the car and counterweight, and both ends of the rope are attached to the machine room beams. With these roping systems, loads
on the rope is reduced to 1/2 or 1/4 as well, hence the diameter and number of ropes can be reduced.

Fig. Elevator Roping Systems

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

(f) (g) (h) (i)

Elevator Roping Systems

Fig. Roping
a 1:1
b 1:1
c 1:1
d 1:1
e 2:1
f 2:1
g 2:1
h 3:1
i 4:1
Roping method Principal use
Half wrap (Single wrap) Mid-, low-speed elevators
Full wrap (Double wrap) High-speed elevators
Drum winding Home elevators
Drum winding Small, low-speed elevators
Full wrap (Double wrap) High-speed elevators
Half wrap (Single wrap) Freight elevators
Half wrap (Single wrap) Machine-room-less elevators
Half wrap (Single wrap) Large freight elevators
Half wrap (Single wrap) Large freight elevators

Control System
For current rope-type elevators, the trend is toward use of VVVF Inverter Drive control systems due to their ease of control and energy
conservation qualities.

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VVVF Inverter Drive

AC power is first converted into DC through a converter, then DC is converted back into three-phase AC. Voltage and frequency are varied to
control rotation of the electric motor. By controlling motor rotation speed and torque, this control method delivers superb ride comfort and
excellent landing accuracy at each floor.

Energy Use Comparison (with previous Mitsubishi Electric control system)

Control system Conservation
VVVF (Variable Voltage & Variable Frequency) Can conserve between 5% and 10% of energy, reduce required power supply by approx.
for high-speed elevators 30% and save space compared to conventional Thyristor-Leonard control.
VVVF (Variable Voltage & Variable Frequency) Can conserve approx. 50% of energy compared to conventional feedback control.
for low- or middle-speed elevators

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