Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
of waste treatment
*Neptune Partners
Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Australia
Wastewater treatment -
biorefinery for environmental protection
1
Content
• Objective
► To present a promising vision in organic waste cycling
Petroleum-based plastics
• Extensively used, but produced from a non-renewable
resource
Municipal solid waste
Region / Country Plastic waste
(million tonnes / yr)* www.sciencein public.com
EU 2005 30
USA 2007 31
OECD Countries 2005 70
*OECD Environmental Data 2008; US EPA 2007
http://photos.mybangalore.com/gallery
Generated
Recovery
Recovered
US EPA 2007
F Morgan-Sagastume et al. 2010. AnoxKaldnes AB
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Plastics accumulate and impact ecosystems
Pacific Garbage Patch or Trash Vortex
Translucent layer
of particulate
plastic waste
Plastics at
the bottom
North Pacific Gyre
currents keep waste
in movement
www.streeteditors.com//archives/tag/envvironment
www.downtozerowaste.com F Morgan-Sagastume et al. 2009. AnoxKaldnes AB
PHB PHV
Biologically produced
from renewable resources
Biodegradable Gilliand D. - Metabolix
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Production of commercial PHAs
Pure cultures and transgenic plants
Product name PHA type Company Price Production (tonne/yr)
Homopolymers
a a a
Biomer® P(3HB) Biotechnology Co., Germany 20€/kg (2003) 3-5€/kg (2010) 50 (2003)
Biocycle P(3HB) PHB Industrial S/A, Brazil - 60
a a a
Biogreen® P(3HB) Mitsubishi GAS Chemical, Japan 10-12€/kg (2003) 2.5-3€/kg (2010) 1400 (2003), 30-60,000 (2010)
b c
P(3HB) Metabolix, USA (BASF, ADM) ca. 2.2 €/kg (2010) -
P(3HB) Jiangsu Nantian Group, China - -
b c
P(3HO) Metabolix, USA (BASF, ADM) ca. 2.2 €/kg (2010) -
Copolymers
b a a a
Biopol® P(3HB-co-3HV) Metabolix, USA (BASF, ADM) 10-12€/kg (2003) 3-5€/kg (2010) 1100 (2003)
a a
P(3HB-co-3HV) PHB Industrial S/A, Brazil - 50 (2003) , 10,000 (2006)
ENMAT® P(3HB-co-3HV) Tianan Biologic Material, China - 1000
a a a
Nodax P(3HB-co-3HHx) Procter & Gamble, USA (Kaneka) 2.5 €/kg (2010) 250 (2003) , 20-50,000 (2010)
P(3HB-co-3HHx) Jiangsu Nantian Group, China - -
c c
P(3HB-co-3HHx) Lianyi Biotech, China >5 US$/kg 2000
a
Techno-economic feasibility of large-scale production of bio-based polymers in Europe, Utrecht University and Fraunhofer Institute for Research (2003)
System Innovation Research (2003)
b
The strategic alliance between ADM and Metabolix will lead to a production of PHAs of 50,000/ tonnes/year in 2008
c
The fourth Knowledge Millenium Summit on Biotechnology & Nanotechnology, India, O'Bioer Technology Co., Ltd (March 2006)
Jacquel et al. (2008). Isolation and purification of bacterial poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates). Biochemical Engineering
Journal 39:15-27.
VFAs
4
Mixed culture synergies and opportunities
Wastewater biotreatment PHA production
Aerobic (O2) processes
Waste PHA
Carbon biomass Carbon
Biomass
(Wastewater) (Substrate)
CO2
CO2
VFAs Enrichment
of PHA-
Wastewater Acidogenic storing Effluent
Treated effluent
Carbon
Biosolids fermentation organisms
Enriched biomass
Resources
PHA Downstream PHA
accumulation processing
Organic waste biorefinery
- Biobased chemicals Residual solids
- Energy
- Low sludge production Minerals and fuel Energy: biogas
F Morgan-Sagastume et al. 2010. AnoxKaldnes AB
in fermenters
- However, full VFA fermentation may not
Bengtsson, Hallquist, Werker, Welander (2008). Acidogenic
be required with readily degradable fermentation of industrial wastewaters: effects of chemostat
carbohydrates (Fruit cannery effluents; retention time and pH on volatile fatty acids production.
Biochemical Eng. J. 40: 492-499.
Gurieff, 2008)
F Morgan-Sagastume et al. 2010. AnoxKaldnes AB
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PHAs production from wastewater at lab scale
Fermentation Enrichment Accumulation DSP
In cells
mg / L
Westerberg, Werker,
Linden (2008).
0.6
Fraction PHA (gPHA/gTSS)
0.5
0.4
0.3
6
PHA from biosolids
7
Pilot testing and PHA production
Concluding remarks
• Wastewater treatment can be coupled to the production of PHA
bioplastics taking advantage of the existing open, mixed cultures
and renewable resources
► Reduction of waste sludge, aeration and nutrient costs complementing
energy and mineral recovery - biorefinery
VFAs Enrichment
of PHA-
Acidogenic storing Effluent
Carbon
fermentation organisms
Enriched biomass
Residual solids
Bioprocess &
Downstream
processing
Wastewater Microbial
composition community
Robustness
Environment Economics
www.pastymuncher.co.uk
Polymer
Properties &
stability
F Morgan-Sagastume et al. 2010. AnoxKaldnes AB
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Acknowledgements
• Truke Smoor, Kristina Hedren, Adrian Ho, Karen Westerberg, Petter Lind, Kristina
Berglund, Elise Blanchet, Mariana Voltolini, Sara Johansson, Lamija Karabegovic.
• Frans Maurer and Patric Jannasch (Lund University). Stéphane Déléris, Pierre-Alain
Hoffmann, Dores Cirne, Emmanuel Trouvé (Veolia Environnement). Nicholas Gurieff
(Kruger AS). Maria Reis and Paulo Lemos (FCT/Universidade Nova de Lisboa)
• This study was partly supported by the EU Neptune project (Contract No 036845,
SUSTDEV-2005-3.II.3.2), which was financially supported by grants obtained from
the EU Commission within the Energy, Global Change and Ecosystems Program of
the Sixth Framework (FP6-2005-Global-4)
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F Morgan-Sagastume et al. 2010. AnoxKaldnes AB