Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
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OUTLINE
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ISTA HAS BEEN FACILITATING THE SEED
TRADE SINCE 1924
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Photo courtesy of NIAB, UK.
ISTA STRUCTURE
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
2016-2019
President Members
Craig McGill, New Zealand
Vice President
Steve Jones, Canada Executive Committee
President
Immediate Past President Vice President
Joël Léchappé, France Immediate Past President
8 Members-at-Large
Members-at-large
Mable Simwanza, Zambia
Leena Pietilä, Finland
Berta Killerman, Germany
Masatoshi Sato, Japan Technical Secretary General
Rita Zecchinelli, Italy Committees &
Ignacio Aranciaga, Argentina Advisory Groups
Keshavulu Kunusoth, India
Secretariat
Valerie Cockerell, United Kingdom
https://www.seedtest.org/en/executive-committee- 4
_content---1--1017.html
TECHNICAL COMMITTEES AND
ADVISORY GROUPS
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES COMMITTEE
BULKING AND SAMPLING COMMITTE
FLOWER SEED COMMITTEE
FOREST TREE AND SHRUB SEED COMMITTEE
GERMINATION COMMITTEE
GMO COMMITTEE
MOISTURE COMMITTEE
NOMENCLATURE COMMITTEE
PROFICIENCY TEST COMMITTEE
PURITY COMMITTEE
RULES COMMITTEE
SEED HEALTH COMMITTEE
STATISTICS COMMITTEE
SEED STORAGE COMMITTEE
TETRAZOLIUM COMMITTEE
VARIETY COMMITTEE
VIGOUR COMMITTEE
EDITORIAL BOARD (SST)
https://www.seedtest.org/en/technical-committees-
_content---1--1007.html
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INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNISED
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WORLD SEED PARTNERSHIP -WSP
The World Seed Partnership (WSP) is a
joint initiative by four international
organizations:
The launch of its website has been done at the occasion of the ISF
World Seed Congress 2017, which took place in Budapest,
Hungary, from May 22 to 25, 2017.
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UNIFORMITY IN SEED TESTING
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=UNIFORMITY+IN+SEED+T
STING
VIDEO 1
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ISTA OBJECTIVES
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A GLOBAL MEMBERSHIP
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COUNTRIES /
DISTINCT
ECONOMIES
HAVING AT
LEAST ONE
MEMBER
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MEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES
222 134
MEMBER LABORATORIES ACCREDITED LABORATORIES
58 34 05
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS PERSONAL MEMBERS INDUSTRY MEMBERS
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LABORATORY MEMBERSHIP
97 10 67
EUROPE AUSTRALIA/OCEANIA ASIA PACIFIC
16 13
SOUTH AMERICA, AR,
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AFRICA NORTH AMERICA
BO, BR, CL, UR, CO, PY
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MEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES
SOUTH AMERICA
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MEMBER LABORATORIES ACCREDITED LABORATORIES
2 ACCREDITED IN BRAZIL
6 2 4
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS PERSONAL MEMBERS DESIGNATED
AUTHORITIES
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ISTA‘S COMMUNITY OF EXPERTS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXfnM30R8C8
Video 2
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FROM SEED SCIENCE TO RULES FOR SEED
TESTING: THE ROLE OF ISTA
Method proposal Species proposal
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ACCEPTANCE OF RULES PROPOSALS
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HOW ARE ISTA RULES USED?
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WHAT DO WE WANT FROM OUR SEED?
Uniform, successful
establishment
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WHAT DO WE WANT FROM OUR SEED?
Uniform, successful
establishment
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WHAT WE DO NOT WANT TO SEE?
Weedy crops
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WHAT WE DO NOT WANT TO SEE?
Diseased crops
Uneven maturity
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SEED QUALITY, WHAT DOES IT MEANS?
Required variety
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WHAT DO ISTA TEST RESULTS TELL YOU?
Genetic purity
Variety and GMO testing
Seed health
Pests
Diseases
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VARIETY TESTING
Chapter 8 ISTA Rules
Two aspects:
Varietal purity
• Open pollinated, F1 hybrids
• Presence of GM in conventional lots and vice versa
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TRADITIONAL METHODS FOR VARIETY TESTING
Morphological methods
Seeds
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VARIETY TESTING
Protein reserves; electrophoresis
F1 F1
Tomato Sunflower
Principle
DNA is extracted from seeds and a minimum number of
microsatellite markers are amplified by the polymerase chain
reaction (PCR). The amplified DNA fragments are separated
according to size using electrophoresis and detected
using an appropriate technique.
Triticum, 2017 ISTA Rules
Zea mays, 2018 ISTA Rules
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DNA BASED METHOD FOR Triticum
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TESTING FOR SEEDS OF GMO*
Chapter 19, ISTA Rules
• 19.5.3 Bioassays
19.5.3.1 General principles of bioassays
19.5.3.2 Scoring of GMO presence
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TESTING FOR SEEDS OF GMO
Performance Data Evaluation Schemes
Adventitious Presence Trait Purity
Ability to detect:
Ability to quantify:
•bulk testing qualitative
•single seed testing
•3 impurity levels (blind)
•3 impurity levels (blind)
•10 samples/level
•3 samples/level
•400 seeds/sample
•90 seeds/sample
Ability to quantify:
•bulk testing quantitative
•Individual seed testing
•3 impurity levels,
•3 samples/level
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TESTING FOR SEEDS OF GMO
Reporting results on an ISTA Certificate
• Qualitative results
“The test target was detected/was not detected”Seedcalc – Qualitative Impur. Estim.
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PHYSICAL PURITY
Chapter 3 ISTA Rules
Composition of the seed lot and the the identity of the various
species of seeds and inert particles – percentage (%)
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PHYSICAL PURITY
OTHER SEED DETERMINATION
Avoids inert maters, weeds and
other species
Methods:
Lenses, microscopes, sieves
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GERMINATION
Chapter 5 ISTA Rules
Seedlings assessed
Normal seedlings will give a plant in optimum conditions in
the field
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SEED SURVIVAL CURVE
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GERMINATION
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GERMINATION ASSESMENT: MAIZE
Deformed seedlings
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GERMINATION
RESEARCH AND TESTS DEVELOPMENT
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TETRAZOLIUM (VIABILITY)
Chapter 6 ISTA Rules
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RAPID ASSESMENT OF VIABILITY
Tetrazolium Chloride staining
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GOOD ESTABLISMENT
1. Germination
high percentage of normal seedlings
2. Vigour
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SEED VIGOUR
Chapter 15 ISTA Rules
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SEED VIGOUR
Seed survival curve
A B C Seed lots A, B and C have
x x x high germination but differ
in physiological age
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CONDUCTIVITY
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RADICLE EMERGENCE (RE)
Brassica napus, Raphanus sativus, Zea mays
Seed vigour is accurately reflected in a single count of radicle
emergence early in germination and relates closely to other
expressions of the rate of germination.
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CONTROLLED DETERIORATION
Brassica spp
Seed quality:
- problems of emergence and storage
- quality related to physiological age
x x x
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MOISTURE DETERMINATION
Chapter 9 ISTA Rules
The seed moisture content (mc) is the amount of water in the seed;
it is usually expressed as a percentage on wet weight basis in any
seed-testing laboratory.
Is the most vital parameter, which influence the seed quality and
storage life of the seed.
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MOISTURE DETERMINATION
Determination of moisture content by the constant temperature,
oven method:
- low-temperature method (low)
or
- high temperature (high) method
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MOISTURE DETERMINATION
Grind/ not grind Heat to remove water
Moisture meters
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MOISTURE DETERMINATION
ISTA Sampling HB 2nd Edition, 2004 and ISTA Moisture HB 1st Edition, 2007
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SEED HEALTH
Chapter 7, ISTA Rules and ISTA website
https://www.seedtest.org/en/seed-health-methods-content---1--1452.html
30 ISTA Seed Health Methods valid for 2017 are posted on ISTA
website
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SEED HEALTH
The test used depends on the organism being tested for and the
purpose of the test.
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SEED HEALTH
RESEARCH AND TESTS DEVELOPMENT
2018 ISTA Rules
b
©ISTA
c
a ©SASA ©ISTA
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SEED HEALTH © GEVES
Figure 2. a) Ditylenchus dipsaci extracted from alfalfa, b) Ditylenchus gigas extracted from faba bean 56
PCR CONFIRMATION, 7-031
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PCR CONFIRMATION, 7-031
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SEED HEALTH
RESEARCH AND TESTS DEVELOPMENT
2018 ISTA Rules
New method 7-032: Detection of Verticillium dahliae on Spinacia
oleracea (spinach) seed
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SEED HEALTH
RESEARCH AND TESTS DEVELOPMENT
2018 ISTA Rules
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SAMPLING
Chapter 2 ISTA Rules
Manual sampling
Automatic sampling
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SAMPLING
ISTA Sampling HB 2nd Edition, 2004
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SALES OF ONLINE ISTA RULES
2014 – 2016
Single chapters 28 20 23
Multiple-user access (e.g.
15 17 17
non-member labs)
Single-user access
(Associate Members; TCOM 44 92 92
Members)
TOTAL 139 174 160
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZSNg6p-Skg
VIDEO 3
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ISTA ACCREDITATION OVERVIEW
Africa;
7
Asia; 23
West Europe; 50 5%
7% East Europe
South America; 6 North America
North America; 10 South America
West Europe
5% 22%
7%
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ISTA ACCREDITATION PROGRAMME
ISTA Membership
ISTA Audit
Granting Accreditation
Follow up Programme
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BENEFITS OF ISTA MEMBERSHIP
ISTA Membership
ISTA Proficiency Test Programme
Quality Management System
ISTA Audit
Granting Accreditation
Follow up Programme
Granting Accreditation
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ISTA PROFICIENCY TESTS
Standard tests
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ISTA PROFICIENCY TESTS
STANDARD METHODS, RATING
The overall ratings are given for the 2016 three test rounds for germination.
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ISTA PROFICIENCY TESTS
The overall ratings are given for the 2016 three test rounds for physical purity.
https://www.seedtest.org/en/related-documents-_content---1--1253.html
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ISTA Membership
AUDIT:
Audit Report 76
ISTA Membership
ISTA ACCREDITATION AUDIT ISTA Proficiency Test Programme
Quality Management System
ISTA Audit
Granting Accreditation
Follow up Programme
POST- AUDIT:
Audit report and checklist
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ISTA Membership
GRANTING ACCREDITATION ISTA Proficiency Test Programme
Issuance of ISTA Certificates possible Quality Management System
ISTA Audit
Granting Accreditation
Follow up Programme
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ISTA CERTIFICATES
Only ISTA accredited laboratories are entitled to issue ISTA Certificates
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ISTA Membership
ISTA Proficiency Test Programme
MAINTAINING ACCREDITATION Quality Management System
ISTA Audit
Granting Accreditation
Follow up Programme
Membership
Proficiency Test
Programme
ISTA Accreditation Audit
Accreditation
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SALES OF ISTA CERTIFICATES
166 500 ISTA Certificates were sold by the end of the year
A decrease of 2.6% compared to the previous year
1.4 % for Orange ISTA Certificates
20.6 % for Blue ISTA Certificates
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ACNOWLEDGEMENTS
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