300 Cau (POSpeech)

1C
routine [countable, uncountable] the normal order and way in which you regularly do
things
We are trying to get the baby into a routine for feeding and sleeping.
We clean and repair the machines as a matter of routine.
regularity [uncountable] the fact that the same thing happens again and again, and
usually with the same length of time between each time it happens / tính đều đều,
trạng thái đều đều; sự đều đặn
Aircraft passed overhead with monotonous regularity.
chore a task that you do regularly / task, job, duty
doing the household/domestic chores
frequency [uncountable, countable] the rate at which something happens or is
repeated
Fatal road accidents have decreased in frequency over recent years
a society with a high/low frequency (= happening often/not very often) of
stable marriages
2A
beat somebody (at something) to defeat somebody in a game or competition
He beat me at chess.
Their recent wins have proved they're still the ones to beat (= the most
difficult team to beat).
3D
discrimination [uncountable] the practice of treating somebody or a particular group
in society less fairly than othersage/racial/sex/sexual discrimination (= because of
somebody’s age, race or sex)
discrimination against somebody discrimination against the elderly
discrimination in favour of somebody discrimination in favour of the young
discrimination on the grounds of something discrimination on the grounds
of race, gender, or sexual orientation
ground for something/for doing something [countable, usually plural] a good or
true reason for saying, doing or believing something
You have no grounds for complaint.
The case was dismissed on the grounds that there was not enough evidence.
He retired from the job on health grounds.
Employers cannot discriminate on grounds of age.
4A
discouraged adj [not usually before noun] feeling less confident or enthusiastic about
doing something
SYNONYM DISHEARTENED, disappointed
Learners can feel very discouraged if an exercise is too difficult.
Opposite encouraged, optimistic
annoyed irritated, cross
5D 6C 7B
bankrupt adj without enough money to pay what you owe
SYNONYM INSOLVENT
They went bankrupt in 2009.
The company was declared bankrupt in the High Court.
penniless adj having no money; very poor
SYNONYM DESTITUTE a penniless student
broke adj [not before noun] (informal) having no money
I'm always broke by the end of the month.
During the recession thousands of small businesses went broke (= had to stop
doing business).
flat/stony broke (= completely broke)
8C
assurance [countable] a statement that something will certainly be true or will
certainly happen, particularly when there has been doubt about it
SYNONYM GUARANTEE, PROMISE
They called for assurances that the government is committed to its education
policy.
Unemployment seems to be rising, despite repeated assurances to the
contrary.
endurance the ability to continue doing something painful or difficult for a long
period of time without complaining
He showed remarkable endurance throughout his illness.
They were humiliated beyond endurance.
9B 10 D
corruption [uncountable] dishonest or illegal behaviour, especially of people in
authority / sự tham nhũng
allegations of bribery and corruption
The new district attorney has promised to fight police corruption.
dismiss something (law) to say that a trial or legal case should not continue, usually
because there is not enough evidence
The case was dismissed.
discard [transitive] (formal) to get rid of something that you no longer want or need /
dispose of, throw away, throw out, get rid of
discard somebody/something The room was littered with discarded
newspapers.
discard somebody/something as something 10% of the data was discarded
as unreliable.
eliminate to remove or get rid of something/somebody
eliminate something/somebody Credit cards eliminate the need to carry a lot
of cash
eliminate something/somebody from something The police have eliminated
two suspects from their investigation.
11C
 productive adj doing or achieving a lot / useful, constructive, profitable, fruitful
SYNONYM FRUITFUL a productive meeting
My time spent in the library was very productive.
Opposite unproductive
counterproductive adj having the opposite effect to the one which was intended
Increases in taxation would be counterproductive.
Introducing sanctions at this point could be politically counterproductive.
productivity U the rate at which a worker, a company or a country produces goods,
and the amount produced, compared with how much time, work and money is needed
to produce them / efficiency, output
high/improved/increased productivity
Wage rates depend on levels of productivity.
12 D 13 B
influential adj having a lot of influence on somebody/something / powerful,
dominant
a highly influential book
influential in something She is one of the most influential figures in local
politics.
influential in doing something The committee was influential in formulating
government policy on employment.
creative inventive, imaginative, innovative, original
14 A
reduce cut, cut back, cut down
15 A
cost if something costs a particular amount of money, you need to pay that amount in
order to buy, make or do it
cost something How much did it cost?
cost somebody something The meal cost us about £40.
cost something to do something The hospital will cost an estimated £2
billion to build.
16 B
qualified (to do something) [not before noun] having the practical knowledge or
skills to do something
I don't know much about it, so I don't feel qualified to comment.
qualified adj having passed the exams or completed the training that are necessary in
order to do a particular job; having the experience to do a particular job
a qualified accountant/teacher, etc.
to be highly/suitably/fully qualified
qualified for something She's extremely well qualified for the job.
comment remark
17 C
utility [countable] a service provided for the public, for example an electricity, water
or gas supply
the administration of public utilities
 Rescue teams worked desperately to restore utilities in the area shattered by
the hurricane.
18 A
fade [intransitive, transitive] to become or to make something become paler or less
bright
The curtains had faded in the sun.
fade from something All colour had faded from the sky.
fade something The sun had faded the curtains.
faint [intransitive] to become unconscious when not enough blood is going to your
brain, usually because of the heat, a shock, etc.
SYNONYM pass out, lose consciousness, fall unconscious, collapse
to faint from hunger
Suddenly the woman in front of me fainted.
19 D
cast somebody/something, cast, cast (literary) to throw somebody/something
somewhere, especially using force
The priceless treasures had been cast into the Nile.
They cast anchor at nightfall.
20 A
prolong something to make something last longer
SYNONYM EXTEND
The operation could prolong his life by two or three years.
Don't prolong the agony (= of not knowing something)—just tell us who won!
21 B
afforestation [uncountable] (specialist) the process of planting areas of land with
trees in order to form a forest
reforestation (British English also reafforestation)[uncountable] (specialist) the act
of planting new trees in an area where there used to be a forest
forestry the science or practice of planting and taking care of trees and forests
22 A 23 B
to fly economy (class) (= by the cheapest class of air travel)
an economy fare (= the cheapest)
economical thrifty, frugal
24 D
oversight [countable, uncountable] the fact of making a mistake because you forget to
do something or you do not notice something / quên, sót; trường hợp sơ suất, bỏ quên
I didn't mean to leave her name off the list; it was an oversight.
You can never entirely eliminate human error and oversight.
overtone (usu plural) an attitude or an emotion that is suggested and is not expressed
in a direct way / sự gợi ý; ý nghĩa phụ, ngụ ý thêm
There were political overtones to the point he was making.
overcharge (somebody) (for something) to make somebody pay too much for
something
Make sure they don't overcharge you for the drinks.
 We were overcharged by £5.
Opposite undercharge
overtime U time that you spend working at your job after you have worked the
normal hours
to do/work overtime overtime pay/earnings/hours
The union announced a ban on overtime.
25 B
excuse a reason, either true or invented, that you give to explain or defend your
behaviour
Late again! What's your excuse this time?
excuse (for something) There's no excuse for such behaviour.
excuse (for doing something) His excuse for forgetting her birthday was that
he had lost his diary.
You don't have to make excuses for her (= try to think of reasons for her
behaviour).
tidy clear up, clean, clean up
tidy neat, orderly
Opposite untidy, messy
26 B
save, keep, etc. something for a rainy day to save something, especially money, for
a time when you will really need it
27 D
blazing adj (only before n) extremely angry or full of strong emotion
She had a blazing row with Eddie and stormed out of the house.
row [countable] a noisy argument between two or more people
SYNONYM QUARREL, argument
She left him after a blazing row. family rows
He had a row with his son.
gossip [uncountable] (disapproving) informal talk or stories about other people’s
private lives, that may be unkind or not true
Don't believe all the gossip you hear.
Tell me all the latest gossip!
Have a word with Pat and see what she thinks.
Could I have a quick word with you (= speak to you quickly)?
I give you my word that this won't happen again.
to keep your word (= do what you promised)
28 A
numerate adj having a good basic knowledge of mathematics; able to understand and
work with numbers
All students should be numerate and literate when they leave school.
Opposite innumerate
numerical adj (also less frequent numeric) relating to numbers; expressed in
numbers
numerical data
 The results are expressed in descending numerical order.
numeral a sign or symbol that represents a number
Students were asked to write in numerals a number that was presented in
words.
numerous adj (formal) existing in large numbers
SYNONYM MANY
He has been late on numerous occasions.
The advantages of this system are too numerous to mention.
29 C
take effect to start to produce the results that are intended
The aspirins soon take effect.
drug medicine, medication
30 C 31 C
interact (with somebody) to communicate with somebody, especially while you
work, play or spend time with them
Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child.
The only thing he interacts with is his computer!
interconnect to connect similar things; to be connected to or with similar things
interconnect A with B Bad housing is interconnected with debt and poverty.
interconnect A and B Bad housing, debt and poverty are interconnected.
interconnect (with something) separate bedrooms that interconnect
interlink (something) (with something) to connect things; to be connected with
other things
The two processes are interlinked.
a series of short interlinking stories
32 C
respectful adj showing or feeling respect
The onlookers stood at a respectful distance.
We were brought up to be respectful of authority.
Opposite disrespectful
33 C
trespass (on something) to enter land or a building that you do not have permission
or the right to enter
He told me I was trespassing on private land.
The sign on the fence said ‘No trespassing’.
34 D
barely adv only with great difficulty or effort
Synonym only just, hardly, scarcely
She was very old and barely able to walk.
Mary had barely enough money to live on.
barely audible/perceptible/visible/discernible etc His voice was barely
audible.
Opposite easily
visible adj that can be seen
 The house is clearly visible from the beach.
Most stars are not visible to the naked eye.
mostly adv mainly; generally
The sauce is mostly cream.
We're mostly out on Sundays.
dense adj difficult to see through
SYNONYM THICK, heavy dense fog/smoke/fumes
Opposite thin, light
35 D 36 C 37 D
socialize (with somebody) to meet and spend time with people in a friendly way, in
order to enjoy yourself
SYNONYM MIX
I enjoy socializing with the other students.
Maybe you should socialize more.
reserved adj (of a person or their character) slow or unwilling to show feelings or
express opinions
Synonym shy
industrious adj (approving) working hard; busy
SYNONYM HARD-WORKING, diligent
an industrious student
She was surrounded by energetic, industrious people.
ashamed adj (only before n) feeling shame or embarrassment about
somebody/something or because of something you have done / guilty
ashamed of something She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the
party.
ashamed of somebody His daughter looked such a mess that he was ashamed
of her.
ashamed of yourself You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies.
ashamed that… I feel almost ashamed that I've been so lucky.
ashamed to be something The football riots made me ashamed to be English.
dynamic adj (approving) (of a person) having a lot of energy and a strong
personality / energetic, active, lively
a dynamic leader
38 B
enhance something to increase or further improve the good quality, value or status of
somebody/something / increase, add to, boost, improve
This is an opportunity to enhance the reputation of the company.
the skilled use of make-up to enhance your best features
productivity U the rate at which a worker, a company or a country produces goods,
and the amount produced, compared with how much time, work and money is needed
to produce them / efficiency, output
high/improved/increased productivity
Wage rates depend on levels of productivity.
39 D
 renewable adj [usually before noun] (of energy and natural resources) that is replaced
naturally or controlled carefully and can therefore be used without the risk of
finishing it all
renewable sources of energy such as wind and solar power
40 D
ease [intransitive, transitive] to become or to make something less unpleasant, painful,
severe, etc.
SYNONYM ALLEVIATE
The pain immediately eased.
ease something This should help ease the pain.
shortage scarcity, insufficiency, deficiency, lack
Opposite abundance
41 A
with flying colours very well; with a very high mark/grade
She passed the exam with flying colours.
42 D
multimedia adj [only before noun] (in teaching and art) using several different ways
of giving information or several different materials
a multimedia approach to learning
multilateral adj in which three or more groups, nations, etc. take part
multilateral negotiations
The peace talks are to be conducted on a multilateral basis.
43 C 44 C 45 D 46 A
resort to sth to make use of something, especially something bad, as a means of
achieving something, often because there is no other possible solution
SYNONYM RECOURSE
They felt obliged to resort to violence.
resort to doing something We may have to resort to using untrained staff.
resist [transitive, intransitive] to refuse to accept something and try to stop it from
happening
SYNONYM OPPOSE, object to
resist (something) to resist change
resist doing something The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates.
resist [transitive, intransitive] (usually in negative sentences) to stop yourself from
having something you like or doing something you very much want to do
resist (something) I finished the cake. I couldn't resist it.
resist doing something He couldn't resist showing off his new car.
resolve something/itself to find an acceptable solution to a problem or difficulty
SYNONYM SETTLE
to resolve an issue/a dispute/a conflict/a crisis
Attempts are being made to resolve the problem of security in schools.
resolve [transitive, intransitive] to make a firm decision to do something
resolve to do something He resolved not to tell her the truth.
resolve (that)… She resolved (that) she would never see him again.
 resolve on something/on doing something We had resolved on making an
early start.
47 D
supplement a thing that is added to something else to improve or complete it
vitamin/dietary supplements (= vitamins and other foods eaten in addition to
what you usually eat)
supplement to something Industrial sponsorship is a supplement to
government funding.
component one of several parts of which something is made
the components of a machine the car component industry
Key components of the government’s plan are…
Trust is a vital component in any relationship.
herb a plant whose leaves, flowers or seeds are used to flavour food, in medicines or
for their pleasant smell. Parsley, mint and oregano are all herbs.
a herb garden
(North American English) an herb garden
48 C 49 B
overlook somebody (for something) to not consider somebody for a job or position,
even though they might be suitable
SYNONYM PASS OVER
She's been overlooked for promotion several times.
50 B
active mobile, energetic, agile, vigorous, dynamic
51 B
purity U the state or quality of being pure
The purity of the water is tested regularly.spiritual purity
Opposite impurity
meet fulfil, satisfy
52 B
post (formal) a job, especially an important one in a large organization
Synonym position
I applied for the post and was asked to attend an interview.
She was offered the post of ambassador to India.
He will take up his post as Head of Modern Languages in September.
employment [uncountable, countable] work, especially when it is done to earn
money; the state of being employed / job, post, position, occupation, profession,
trade, career
to be in paid employment full-time/part-time employment
conditions/terms of employment
53 D
formation [uncountable, countable] a particular arrangement or pattern
aircraft flying in formation formation flying
The team usually plays in a 4-4-2 formation.
 make a, no, some, etc. difference (to/in somebody/something) to have an effect/no
effect on somebody/something
The rain didn't make much difference to the game.
Your age shouldn't make any difference to whether you get the job or not.
54 D 55 C
variety assortment, range, array