SOLUTION

SOL 1 Option (D) is correct.

The circuit of a single-phase
single phase half controlled bridge rectifier with RL load
and free wheel diode is shown as below.

The voltage current wave forms are shown in figure below.

We note that, for continuous load current, the flywheel diode conducts from
 π to π + α in a cycle. Thus, fraction of cycle that freewheel diode conducts
is α/π .
Thus fraction of cycle that freewheel diode conducts is α/π π.

SOL 2 Option (B) is correct.

The latching current is higher than the holding current. Usually, latching
current is taken two to three times the holding currents.

SOL 3 Option (C) is correct.

IS = I0 + ∆ic = 5 + 0.8 = 5.8 A
2

SOL 4 Option (B) is correct.

For a three-phase
phase bridge inverter, rms value of output line voltage is
VL = √2 Vdc = √2 × 300 Vdc = 300 V
3 3
= 141.4 V

SOL 5 Option (D) is correct.

2 (141.4)2
P = 3 VRL = 3 × 20 ≅ 3 kW

SOL 6 Option (C) is correct.

Only option C allow bi direction power flow from source to the drive

SOL 7 Option (C) is correct.

Once the SCR start conducting by an forward current, the gate has no
control on it and the device can be brought back to the blocking state only
by reducing the forward current to a level below that of holding
holdin current.
This process of turn-off
turn off is called commutation. This time is known as the
circuit turn-off
off time of an SCR.
SOL 8 Option (A) is correct.
Maximum current through main thyristor
IM (max) = I0 + VsC = 10 + 200 0.1 × 10−6 = 12 A
L 1 × 103
Maximum current through auxiliary thyristor
IA (max) = I0 = 10 A

SOL 9 Option (A) is correct.

Output voltage of 3-phase bridge converter
3 3
V0 = Vph cos α
π
Maximum output
3 3
(V0)max = Vph cos α = 1
π

= 3 3 × 400 × 2
π 3
= 540.6 V
Resistance of filter choke is 10 Ω, So
(V0)max = E + IRchock
540.6 = 400 + I(10)
I≅14 A

SOL 10 Option (D) is correct.

6
kVA rating = √3 VL IL =3 × 400 × π × 14

= 7.5 kVA

SOL 11 Option (A) is correct.

The figure shows a step down chopper circuit.
a Vout = DVin
where, D = Duty cycle and D < 1

SOL 12 Option (C) is correct.

Given figure as

The I -V characteristic are as

 Since diode connected in series so I can never be negative.
When current flows voltage across switch is zero and when current is zero
than there may be any voltage across switch.
SOL 13 Option (A) is correct.
controlled thyristor converter, when firing angle α = 0, dc output
Given fully-controlled
voltage Vdc = 300 V
0

If α = 60c,
60 then Vdc = ?
For fully-controlled
controlled converter

SOL 14 Option (C) is correct.

SCR has the property that it can be turned ON but not OFF with a gate
pulse, So SCR is being considered to be a semi
semi-controlled
controlled device.

SOL 15 Option (D) is correct.

Current wave form for iL

Ldi
vL = dt L

iL = 1 × vL dt
2
 for 0 < ωt +π
π, vL = vin = 10 sin ωt = diL
dt
iL = 1 × vL dt =− cos 100πt + C
2
at 100πt = π/2,
/2, iL = 0, C = 0
iL =− 100 cos πt
iL(peak) = 1 Amp for π < ωt vL = vin = 0

SOL 16 Option (C) is correct.

In CSI let T3 and T4 already conducting at t = 0
At triggering T1 and T2 , T3 and T4 are force cumulated.
Again at t = T , T1 and T2 are force cumulated. This completes a cycle.
2

Time constant τ = RC = 4 × 0.5 = 2 μ sec

1 1
Frequency f = = = 500 kHz
τ 2 × 10−6

SOL 17 Option (A) is correct.

duty ratio TM = 0.8

Maximum dv on TM = 50 V/μsec
dt
Minimum value of C1 =?
Given that current ripple through L0 is negligible.
Current through TM = Im = duty ratio × current
= 0.8 × 12.5 = 10 A
 dv
a Im = C1
dt
50
10 = C1 × 10−6
C1 = 50 × 10−6 = 0.2 μF
10

SOL 18 Option (C) is correct.

Characteristics are as

SOL 19 Option (A) is correct.

R + jXL = 50 + 50j
` tan φ = ωL = 50 = 1
R 50
 φ = 45c
‘ must be higher the 45c,, Thus for 0 < α < 45c, V0 is
so, firing angle ‘α’
uncontrollable.

SOL 20 Option (D) is correct.

A 3-φ voltage source inverter is operated in 180c
180 mode in that case third
harmonics are absent in pole voltage and line voltage due to the factor
/6). so both are free from 3rd harmonic components.
cos (nπ/6).

SOL 21 Option (B) is correct.

In this case

SOL 22 Option (B) is correct.

Given α = 30c,
30 in a 1-φ fully bridge converter
we know that,
Power factor = Distortion factor × cos α
D.f. (Distortion factor) = Is(fundamental)/Is = 0.9
power factor = 0.9 × cos 30
= 0.78

SOL 23 Option (A) is correct.

Output of this

Here the inductor makes T1 and T3 in ON because current passing through

T1 and T3 is more than the holding current.

SOL 24 Option (C) is correct.

Input is given as
 Here load current does not have any dc component
Peak current occur at (π/ω)

SOL 25 Option (C) is correct.

Here for continuous conduction mode, by Kirchoff’s voltage law, average
load current

SOL 26 Option (B) is correct. Total rms current

SOL 27 Option (C) is correct.

In the given diagram

when switch S is open I0 = IL = 4 A, Vs = 20 V
when switch S is closed ID = 0, V0 = 0 V
Vs
Duty cycle = 0.5 so average voltage is
1 −δ
0 + 4 = 2 amp
Average current =
2
20
Average voltage = 1 = 40 V
− 0.5

SOL 28
SOL 29 Option (C) is correct.
Given that
P = 50 × 1000 W
Vd = 420
So P = Vd × Id
Id = 50 × 1000 = 119.05
420
RMS value of thyristor current = 119.05 = 68.73
3
SOL 30 Option (B) is correct.
Single phase full wave half controlled bridge converter feeds an Inductive
load. The two SCRs in the converter are connected to a common dc bus.
The converter has to have free wheeling diode because the converter does
not provide for free wheeling for high values of triggering angles.

SOL 31 Option (D) is correct.

If we connect the MOSFET with the VSI, but the six MOSFETs are connected
in bridge configuration, in that case they also operated as constant current
sources in the saturation
saturat region so this statement is false.

SOL 32 Option (C) is correct.

Given that, total harmonic distortion

SOL 33
SOL 34 Option (D) is correct.
Vs = 230 = 57.5
4
Here charging current = I
Vm sin θ = 12
θ1 = 8.486 = 0.148 radian
Vm = 81.317 V
ε = 12 V
There is no power consumption in battery due to ac current, so average
value of charging current.
1 [2Vm cos θ1 − ε(π − 2θ1)]
Iav(charging)
av =
2π ×
= 19.04 [2 × Vm × cos θ1 − 12 ((π − 2θ1)]
2π 1
×
19.04
= 1.059 Ω/A

SOL 35 Option (C) is correct.

Conduction angle for diode is 270c
270 as shown in fig.

SOL 36 Option ( ) is correct.

SOL 37 Option (C) is correct.
Here, Vm = maximum pulse voltage that can be applied
so = 10 − 1 − 1 − 1 = 7 V
Here 1 V drop is in primary transistor side, so that we get 9V pulse on
the secondary side. Again there are 1 V drop in diode and in gate cathode
junction each.
Ig max = 150 mA
V 7
So R =I m = = 46.67 Ω
g max 150 mA

SOL 38 Option (A) is correct.

We know that the pulse width required is equal to the time taken by ia to
rise upto iL
so, Vs = L di + Ri (VT . 0)
dt
ia = 200 [1 − e−t/0.15]
1
Here also t = T, ia = iL = 0.25
0.25 = 200 [1 − e−T/0.5]
T = 1.876 × 10−4 = 187.6 μs
Width of pulse = 187.6 μs
Magnitude of voltage= 10 V
Vsec rating of P.T. = 10 × 187.6 μs
= 1867 μV-s is approx to 2000 μV-s

SOL 39 Option (D) is correct.

If we varying the frequency for speed control, V/f should be kept as constant
so that, minimum flux density (Bm ) also remains constant
So, V = 4.44NBm Af

SOL 40 Option (D) is correct.

In first half cycle D1 will conduct and D2 will not and at θ= 0 there is zero
voltage. So current wave form is as following
 SOL 41 Option (B) is correct.
In the PWM inverter

SOL 42 Option (C) is correct.

Given that
400 V, 50 Hz AC source
so, α= 60, IL = 10 A
Input displacement factor = cos α = 0.5
and, input power factor = D.F. ×cos α

SOL 43 Option (A) is correct.

We know that
T = RC ln 2
T 100
So C = = 50 = 2.88 μF
R × 0.693 ×0.693
SOL 9.44 Option (A) is correct.
Let we have
Rsolar = 0.5 Ω, I0 = 20 A
so Vs = 350 − 20 # 0.5 = 340 V
 2 cos α
` 340 = 3 * 440
π

cos α = 55c
So each thyristor will reverse biased for 180c − 55c = 125c.

SOL 9.45 Option (C) is correct.

In this circuitry if SCR gets open circuited, than circuit behaves like a half
wave rectifier.

SOL 46 Option (B) is correct.

SOL 47 Option (B) is correct.
Given IL = 10 A. So in the +ve half cycle, it will charge the capacitor,
minimum time will be half the time for one cycle.
so min time required for charging

SOL 48 Option (C) is correct.

Given Ton = 140 μ sec
T
Average output = on × V
Ttotal
Ttotal = 1/f = 1 = 1 msec
103
−6
so average output = 140 × 10 × 250 = 35 V
1 × 10−3

SOL 49 Option (A) is correct.

The conduction loss v/s MOSFET current characteristics of a power
MOSFET is best approximated by a parabola.

SOL 50 Option (B) is correct.

In a 3-φ bridge rectifier
 Vrms = 400 V, f = 50 Hz
This is purely resistive then
instantaneous voltage V0 = 2 Vrms = 400 2 V

SOL 51 Option (C) is correct.

A 3-φ square wave (symmetrical) inverter contains only odd harmonics.

SOL 52 Option (A) is correct.

In Ideal condition we take voltage across the device is zero.
average power loss during switching = VI (t1 + t2) (turn ON)
2

SOL 53 Option (C) is correct.

So in P thyristor blocks voltage in both polarities until gate is triggered and
also in R transistor along with diode can do same process.

SOL 54

SOL 55 Option (C) is correct.

Tst = 15 Nm
TL = 7 Nm
α = 2 rad/sec2
T = Iα
so T = Tst − TL = 8 Nm
I = 8 = 4 kgm2
2

SOL 56 Option (B) is correct.

We know that Vrms = 230 V
so, Vm = 230 × 2V
 If whether α < 90
Then Vpeak = Vm sin α = 230
2 sin α = 230
230
sin α = 1
2
angle α = 135

SOL 57 Option (D) is correct.

When we use BJT as a power control switch by biasing it in cut-off region
or in the saturation region. In the on state both the base emitter and base-
base
collector junction are forward biased.

SOL 58 Option (A) is correct.

Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) across full wave rectifier is 2V
2 m
Vm = 50 2 V
so, PIV = 100 2 V

SOL 59 Option (D) is correct.

Vb = 12 ± 4 V
Vbmax = 16 V
Vbmin = 8 V
Vb (min) `8
Required value of R = Ig
= = 800 Ω
10 × 10−3

SOL 60 Option (C) is correct.

Ripple frequency = 3f = 3 × 400 = 1200 Hz

So from V0 ripple frequency = 1200 Hz

SOL 61 Option (C) is correct.

Given that R = 0.15 Ω
I = 15 A
SOL 62 Option (D) is correct.

SOL 63 Option (C) is correct.

Vs = 100 V, duty ratio=
ratio 0.8, R = 10 Ω
αVs
So average current through diode =
R
× 100 = 8 A
= 0.8 10

SOL 64 Option (D) is correct.

Peak current through S1
I = I0 + VS C/L = 20 + 200 2 × 10−6 = 40 A
200 × 10−6
10−6
SOL 65 Option ( ) is correct.
SOL 66 Option (C) is correct.
SOL 67 Option (D) is correct.
When thyristor turned on at that time J2 junction will break. So J1, J2, J3
all are in forward bias.

SOL 68 Option (D) is correct.

OFF state of switch is given on VDS − IS plane as following
The ON-OFF

When VDS =+ ve, diode conducts and IS = 0

VDS =−
− ve, diode opens, but IS = 0, D − ve pote
otential.

SOL 69 Option (B) is correct.

P. Field control-Above
control base speed
Q. Armature control-below
control base torque

SOL 70 Option (A) is correct.

As we know in fully controlled rectifier.
VPP = Vm − Vm cos (π/6 + α) α = 30
or VPP = Vm [1 − cos (π/6 + 30)]
or VPP = 0.5
Vm

SOL 71 Option ( ) is correct.

SOL 72 Option (A) is correct.

In the chopper during turn on of chopper V -t area across L is,
 V -t are applied to ‘‘L’ is = (60 − 12) Ton
= 48Ton
So now volt area
ΔI =
48Ton
= 48 × 0.2 × 10−3 = 0.48 A
L 20 × 10−3

SOL 9.73

SOL 9.74 Option (A) is correct.

After removing 5th harmonic
5d = 0, π, 2π
 ` Pulse width = 2d = α = 0, 2π, 4π
5 5
= 0, 72, 144 degree

SOL 75 Option (C) is correct.

NSa = 3000 rpm
Na = 2850 rpm
SFL = 3000 − 2850 = 0.05
3000
where by (V/ff) control
Nsb = 3000b 40 l = 2400 rpm
50
` N2 = new running speed of motor
= 2400b1 − 0.05 l = 2340 rpm
2

SOL 76 Option (C) is correct.

For six pulse thyristor rectifier bridge the lowest frequency component in
AC source line current is of 250 Hz.

SOL 77 Option (A) is correct.

Given a step down chopper is operated in continuous conduction mode in
steady state with a constant duty Ratio D .
V0 - dc output voltage.
Vs - dc input voltage
V0
= D = duty ratio
Vs

SOL 78 Option ( ) is correct.

SOL 79 Option (B) is correct.

From figure

SOL 80 Option (C) is correct.

Given that, V
= 200 sin ωt = 50 Hz

SOL 81

SOL 82 Option (B) is correct.

 For providing electrical isolation it is necessary to connect a pulse transformer
at the output stage of a thyristor triggering circuit.

SOL 83 Option (A) is correct.

In ac to dc circulating current dual converters if triggering angles are α1 and
α 2 , than it is necessary that
α1 + α2 = 180c

SOL 84 Option (D) is correct.

Given a half wave Thyristor converter supplies a purely inductive load
Triggering angle α = 120c
than extinction angle β = ?

First we have to draw its output characteristics as shown below

 or sin (β − φ) = sin (α − φ)
or β−φ = α−φ
or β = α = 120degree

SOL 85 Option (D) is correct.

a f = 50 Hz
So total time = 1 = 1 = 20 msec
f 50
Conduction time for each feedback diode in a cycle is being given by
tconduction = 20 = 2.5 msec
8

SOL 86 *
Given a voltage commulated thyristor chopper circuit in figure which is
operated at 500 Hz, with 50% duty ratio.
IL = 20 A(constant)
We have to evaluate
(a) Toff for thyristor Th1
(b) L = ? if peak current through Th1 is 180% limited
(c) Maximum instantaneous output voltage
−6
Turn off time T = CVs = 6 × 10 × 100 = 30 μ sec
off
IL 20

Given in figure separately excited dc motor is controlled by varying its

armature voltage using 1-φ
1 full converter bridge.
Motor voltage constant Kv = 2.5 V/rad/sec