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Technical manual
TM42-2410E
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Technical manual i Contents
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
A1800 ALPHA meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Standards Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
IEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
IEEE/ANSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
DLMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
DIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Maintainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
ANSI standard communication open protocol . . . . . . 1-4
Adaptability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Meter types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Meter series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Metercat software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Alpha Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
5 Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Relay outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Energy pulse outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3
Using pulse divisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3
Using pulse value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4
Relay-related alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4
LED pulse outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-6
Output specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-6
6 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Meter self test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Codes and warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2
Error codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2
Warning codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-5
Communication codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-8
Meter shop testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-9
Test equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-9
Test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-9
Meter testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Using relay outputs for testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Using LCD pulse count for testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
A Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
In no event will Elster Electricity, LLC be held responsible to the user in contract, in tort
(including negligence), strict liability, or otherwise for any special, indirect, incidental, or
consequential damage or loss whatsoever, including but not limited to: damage or loss of
use of equipment, cost of capital, loss of profits or revenues, or claims against the user by
its customers from the use of the information, recommendations, descriptions, and safety
notices contained herein.
Safety Information
Installation, operation, and maintenance of this product can present potentially hazardous
conditions (for example, high voltages) if safety procedures are not followed. To ensure that
this product is used safely, it is important that you:
Review, understand, and observe all safety notices and recommendations within this
manual.
Do not remove or copy individual pages from this manual, as this manual is intended for
use in its entirety. If you were to remove or copy individual pages, cross references and
safety notices may be overlooked, possibly resulting in damage to the equipment,
personal injury, or even death.
Inform personnel involved in the installation, operation, and maintenance of the product
about the safety notices and recommendations contained in this manual.
Within this manual, safety notices appear preceding the text or step to which they apply.
Safety notices are divided into the following four classifications:
Caution is used to alert personnel to the presence of a hazard that will or can
cause minor personal injury, equipment damage, or property damage if the
notice is ignored.
Technical manual vi Contents
Warning is used to alert personnel to the presence of a hazard that can cause
severe personal injury, death, equipment damage, or property damage if notice
is ignored.
Danger is used to alert personnel to the presence of a hazard that will cause
severe personal injury, death, equipment damage, or property damage if the
notice is ignored.
The following table lists the revisions to this document, the date of the release, and any
notes about the changes made.
1 Introduction
Q
- +P
Q
L1L 2 L3
COM 0 1 2
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 EOI LC TC TST
5 000 imp/kWh
TYPE A1800 5 000 mp/kVarh
MODEL 1830RALN
3 x 58/100...277/480V, 60 Hz
0 2S
1(10)A
2006 Made in USA
ELSTER SAMPLE CT A
SERIAL # 01234567
VT V
STYLE
ZE3JF4R00LM 01 *01234567*
R1 2-06210102AG-000000
imp/kWh(kVARh)
Technical manual 1-2 Introduction
Standards Compliance
IEC. The A1800 ALPHA meter meets or exceeds the following IEC standards for electricity
metering.
Table 1-1. IEC standards supported by the A1800 ALPHA meter
Number Date Edition Title
62052-11 2003 1 General requirements, tests and test conditions.
62053-21 2003 1 Particular requirements-static meters for active
energy (Classes 1.0 and 2.0)
62053-22 2003 1 Particular requirements-static meters for active
energy (classes 0,2 S and 0,5 S)
62053-23 2003 1 Particular requirements-static meters for
reactive energy (classes 2 and 3)
62053-31 1998 1 Particular requirements-pulse output devices
for electromechanical and electronic meters
(two wires only)
62053-61 1998 1 Particular requirements-power consumption
and voltage requirements
62056-211 2002 1 Electricity metering-data exchange for meter
reading, tariff and load control-direct local data
exchange
62052-21 2004 Electricity metering-tariff and load control-
particular requirements for time switches
1
Complies with optical port requirements only.
IEEE/ANSI. The A1800 ALPHA meter meets or exceeds the following IEEE/ANSI standards
for electricity metering, and it is intended for use by commercial and industrial utility
customers.
Table 1-2. IEEE/ANSI standards supported by the A1800 ALPHA meter
Number Date Title
IEEE 1701/ 1996 Protocol Specification for ANSI Type 2 Optical
ANSI C12.18 Port
IEEE 1377/ 1997 Utility Industry End Device Data Tables
ANSI C12.19
IEEE 1702/ 1999 Protocol Specification for Telephone Modem
ANSI C12.21 Communications
Technical manual 1-3 Introduction
DLMS. The A1800 ALPHA meter meets or exceeds the following IEC standards for DLMS
protocol support (when the meter is enabled for DLMS protocol support). See
“Communication protocols” on page 2-6 for more information.
Table 1-3. IEC standards supported by the A1800 ALPHA meter for DLMS protocols
Number Date Edition Title
62056-42 2002-02 1.1 Physical layer services and procedures for
connection-oriented asynchronous data
exchange
62056-46 2007-02 1.1 Data link layer using HDLC protocol
62056-53 2006-12 2 COSEM Application layer
62056-61 2006-11 2 Object identification system (OBIS)
62056-62 2006-11 2 Interface classes
DIN. The A1800 ALPHA meter meets or exceeds the following DIN standards for electricity
metering.
Table 1-4. DIN standards supported by the A1800 ALPHA meter1
Number Date Title
DIN 43857 Part 2 1978 Watthour meters in moulded insulation case
without instrument transformers, up to 60 A
rated maximum current; principal dimensions
for polyphase meters.
1 For meter width and location of lower mounting holes
Benefits
Reliability. The A1800 ALPHA meter, part of the ALPHA line of meters, uses the patented
ALPHA meter technology for measurement and accurate calculation of energy quantities.
With over 3 million ALPHA polyphase meters in operation throughout the world, the
A1800 ALPHA continues the tradition of reliable electronic meters.
The power supply in the meter operates from any available phase. A three-phase, four-
wire A1800 ALPHA meter maintains operation if the neutral line and any one or two of the
line voltages become disconnected. The meter can also operate using the auxiliary power
supply, which can power the meter from an independent power source in the situation
where main power is unavailable.
The A1800 ALPHA meter can use its internal crystal oscillator or the power line frequency to
maintain time and date functions. The crystal oscillator can be used when the power line
frequency is known to be too unstable for accurate timekeeping.
The A1800 ALPHA meter has been designed to function to provide long battery life.
Because of the low current drain, the service life of the lithium battery can exceed the life of
the meter.
The A1800 ALPHA meter uses nonvolatile memory to store billing and other critical data.
The data is preserved even if the power fails.
Maintainability. The A1800 ALPHA meter is easy to maintain. Meter register functions and
communication interfaces are fully integrated on a single, surface-mount technology
circuit board.
The meter firmware resides in flash memory, allowing the firmware to be upgraded in the
field.
Technical manual 1-4 Introduction
ANSI standard communication open protocol. The A1800 ALPHA meter complies
with the ANSI C12.18, C12.19, and C12.21 standards. These standards include
communication protocols for a wide range of metering products. They are the basis for
common industry data structures and a common protocol for transporting the data
structures. Supporting the ANSI protocols makes it easier to add products to existing
systems and provide an open standard for meter data communications.
Adaptability. The A1800 ALPHA meter allows configuration for custom TOU rates (tariffs),
offering a broad range of demand and TOU operations.
Most common services and mounting configurations are supported, and functional
upgrades are easily performed as new situations arise. The wide operating range allows
installation at any of the common meter voltages. Additionally, the factory-configurable
optical port accommodates ANSI and IEC standards. The 16-segment character liquid
crystal display (LCD) improves readability and provides flexibility for displaying meter
information. As an added feature, the main meter circuit board provides selectable,
independent, serial remote interfaces for RS-232 or RS-485 communication.
Economy. The A1800 ALPHA meter saves both time and money. It can increase personnel
productivity because of the following features:
All A1800 ALPHA meters provide auditing capabilities that can be used to indicate potential
meter tampering like terminal cover open detection and per phase outage recording.
The A1800 ALPHA meter can be ordered with a partially-transparent terminal cover,
making it easier to see obvious tampering.
Accuracy. The A1800 ALPHA meter meets or exceeds requirements of IEC standards.
The meter precisely measures demand and energy across a wide range of voltage and
current despite variations in temperature and power factor.
The low current sensor burden may also improve the accuracy of external current
transformers when measuring light loads.
Technical manual 1-5 Introduction
Meter types
Different meters within the A1800 ALPHA meter family have specific capabilities (see
Table 1-5 and Figure 1-2).
Note: Throughout this manual, the term A1800 ALPHA is used to describe any meter in
the meter family. When necessary, a specific meter designation (for example,
A1830 meter) will be used to indicate that the description applies to only one meter
in the meter family.
Interchange
metering
A1880
ly
mi
r fa
Large C & I
e te
A1860
Am
A1830
PH
Mid C & I
AL
00
A1810
8
A1
Light C & I
A1805
Residential
Meter series
The meter series is used to indicate the options and capabilities available for the
A1800 ALPHA meter.
Metercat software
Beginning with Metercat release 2.3, the following features are supported:
Alpha Keys
Alpha Keys™ software allows A1800 ALPHA meters to be upgraded so they provide
additional functionality. Upgrading with Alpha Keys software means that the meter does
not have to be returned to the factory and new meters do not have to be purchased to gain
functionality.
The following features can be added to the meter by using Alpha Keys:
• load profiling
• instrumentation profiling
• transformer and line loss compensation1
• 4-quadrant metering
• DLMS/COSEM protocol support1
2 Product description
Physical description
The A1800 ALPHA meter is designed for indoor mounting. The cover assembly of the
A1800 ALPHA meter exceeds the environmental requirements of IEC 62053-11. The case of
the A1800 ALPHA meter provides an IP54 degree of protection for the meter.
The physical components of the A1800 ALPHA meter consist of the following:
• terminal cover
• long terminal cover (see Figure 2-1)
• short terminal cover (see Figure 2-2)
• partially-transparent terminal cover
• meter cover assembly
• inner cover assembly
• base electronic assembly
Nameplate
RESET button
(sealable)
* (ALT) button
Optical port
(IEC configuration)
Utility information
card area
Terminal cover
screws
(sealable)
Long wiring
cover
Technical manual 2-2 Product description
The terminal cover and meter cover assembly are manufactured using a UV-protected
polycarbonate plastic. The terminal cover is available in either the long version or the short
version. The meter cover assembly has a clear plastic window that allows the meter LCD
and nameplates to be viewed.
Figure 2-2. Front view of A1800 ALPHA meter with short terminal cover (transformer rated)
The A1800 ALPHA meter can be sealed using any or all of the following methods:
The four cover screws can be individually sealed (Figure 2-1). The two terminal cover
screws limit access to the main terminals and auxiliary wiring connections only. Therefore,
only the terminal cover seals must be broken to access these connections. The two meter
cover screws are located on the lower front of the meter under the terminal cover. Sealing
these screws seals the main enclosure and limits access to the metering circuit board and
sensing elements.
For maximum protection of the metering components, seal all four screw seals.
Technical manual 2-3 Product description
Figure 2-3. A1800 ALPHA meter with cover removed (transformer rated)
Meter cover
screw (sealable)
Meter cover
screw (sealable)
Terminal cover
screw (sealable) TOU battery
Battery connector
Terminal cover
Auxiliary power supply
screw (sealable)
Optical port. The A1800 ALPHA meter provides an optical port that can be ordered with
either an ANSI-compliant or IEC-compliant interface (see Figure 2-4). To use Elster meter
support software to read or program the meter through the optical port, an optical probe is
required. This probe connects from the serial port of the computer to the optical port on the
meter.
Elster recommends use of the UNICOM III probe to reliably read the A1800 ALPHA meter.
For information on ordering the UNICOM III probe, visit www.elsterelectricity.com or contact
your local Elster representative.
LCD. The A1800 ALPHA meter is equipped with a 16-segment character liquid crystal
display. See “Indicators and controls” on page 3-1 for details.
Nameplate. Elster installs the nameplate at the factory. See Appendix C, “Nameplate and
style number information,” for details on the nameplate.
Technical manual 2-4 Product description
Utility information card. The utility information card is removable (after the terminal
cover has been removed) and allows the utility to enter meter site-specific information. See
“Utility information card” on page C-2 for more information.
Figure 2-6. A1860 ALPHA meter with RS-232 as second communication port
RS-232 connector
(optional)*
RS-485 terminals
RS-232 connector
Figure 2-7. A1860 ALPHA meter with RS-485 as second communication port
RS-485 connector
(optional)*
RS-485 terminals
RS-232
connector
Battery. The terminal block has a battery well and connector for the optional TOU battery.
Cover tamper detection switches. When either the terminal cover or the meter cover is
opened, a detection switch is activated. (See Figure 2-8 for an illustration of the terminal
cover detection switch; the meter cover detection switch is similar.) When either detection
switch is activated, the TC indicator on the LCD turns on and remains on while the cover is
removed. The date and time of the cover removal is logged in the event log. See “Event log”
on page 2-15 for more information.
Terminal configurations. The A1800 ALPHA meter supports the following terminal
configurations:
• 10 A transformer-rated (sequential)
• 10 A transformer-rated (symmetrical)
• 120 A direct connect-rated (sequential)
• 120 A direct connect-rated (symmetrical)1
Communication protocols
The A1800 ALPHA meter supports the ANSI C12 standards for both local and remote
communication.
Additionally, the A1800 ALPHA meter can also support the DLMS standards for both local
and remote communication. When equipped with the optional DLMS communication
support, the meter supports both ANSI C12 and DLMS communication. When establishing
a communication session, the meter automatically determines the protocol being used
and responds in the same protocol.
For series 110 meters and later, DLMS support can be enabled by purchasing the
appropriate Alpha Key and upgrading the A1800 ALPHA meter with the Alpha Keys
support software.1 See “Beginning with Metercat release 2.3, the following features are
supported:” on page 1-6 for more information.
For a list of the DLMS OBIS identifiers supported by the A1800 ALPHA meter, see the
A1800 ALPHA meter communication options product guide (PG42-1012).
System architecture
The A1800 ALPHA meter main circuit board contains all the electronics that make up the
meter registers and communication interfaces. See for the meter circuit board block
diagram. The circuit board as shown in contains the following:
• meter engine
• microcontroller
• EEPROM
• resistive dividers for the 3 phase voltages
• load resistors for the 3 current sensors
• power supply
• high frequency crystal oscillator
• 32 kHz low power timekeeping crystal oscillator
• optical port components
• liquid crystal display (LCD) interface
• RS-232 and RS-485 communication interfaces
• option board interface
• pulse outputs
1 See Elster
for availability.
Technical manual 2-7 Product description
Using these input signals, the meter engine calculates root mean square (rms) values of
voltage and current, and the meter engine uses the sampled signals to compute Wh, VAh,
and VArh quantities for each phase. These individual phase quantities are summed, and
the totals are transmitted to the microprocessor. The microprocessor processes and stores
the data into memory according to the user-specified program. Once stored, data values
are available to be displayed and communicated as required by the utility or other meter
user.
The very high sampling rate inherent in the meter engine and the additional over sampling
techniques used in the A1800 ALPHA meter results in very high accuracy regardless of
harmonic content, phase angle, or point on the load curve. The meter engine accumulates
and recalculates all quantities after every line cycle. This provides the ability to include the
effect of harmonics up to and beyond the 33rd harmonic. Individual harmonics up to and
including the 15th harmonic are displayable items and are included in distortion
measurements. Further advanced electronic techniques are used to provide extreme
stability of accuracy over time and over an exceptionally wide range of operating and load
conditions.
The A1800 ALPHA meter can accommodate various tariff structures. The meter also
supports a variety of communication options that allow the meter to be read remotely or
manually. In addition, relays may be used for pulse outputs of user-selected quantities or
for signaling the start of a tariff period.
Technical manual 2-8 Product description
Power supply
Main power supply. Power is supplied to the A1800 ALPHA meter using a wide voltage
range power supply that accepts voltages from 49 V to 528 V AC. At least two lines must
be present to power the meter circuitry. The output from the power supply is then fed to a
low voltage linear regulator to attain the low level voltage.
Auxiliary power supply. The A1800 ALPHA meter may be ordered with an auxiliary
power supply. The auxiliary power supply allows the A1800 ALPHA meter to be powered
by a separate AC or DC power source, such as substation’s independent power lines.
Should the main power supply be unavailable, the meter will be fully operational provided
the independent power is still available. The A1800 ALPHA meter can also be connected to
both the main power source and auxiliary power source, providing uninterrupted power in
the event that the main power becomes unavailable.
The meter receives each phase current through a precision-wound current sensor that
reduces the line current proportionally. The meter engine samples the individual phase
currents to provide accurate current measurement.
The meter receives each phase voltage through resistive dividers. This ensures that a
linear low level voltage is maintained. It also serves to minimize phase shift over a wide
dynamic range. The meter engine samples the scaled inputs provided by the resistive
dividers to provide accurate voltage measurements.
Meter engine
Multiplication and other calculations are performed using a custom integrated circuit,
called the meter engine. The meter engine contains the digital signal processor (DSP) with
built-in analog-to-digital (A/D) converters capable of sampling each current and voltage
input. The A/D converters measure the voltage and current inputs for a given phase. The
DSP multiplies the signals appropriately, using the factory-programmed calibration
constants.
Microcontroller
The microcontroller performs many different functions, for example:
The microcontroller and the meter engine communicate with each other constantly to
process voltage and current inputs. When the microcontroller detects a power failure, it
initiates the shutdown and stores billing and status information in EEPROM.
EEPROM
The A1800 ALPHA meter uses electrically erasable programmable read only memory
(EEPROM) for nonvolatile storage of manufacturing data, meter configuration data, and
energy measurement values. The A1800 ALPHA meter is provided with either 128 KB or
256 KB of main board memory. See “Style number information” on page C-3 for
information regarding how to identify the amount of main board memory on your meter.
The EEPROM provides storage of all information needed to ensure the integrity of the
demand or energy calculations, including the following:
• configuration data
• billing data
• all TOU data
• log and profiling data
• meter status
• constants
• energy usage
• maximum demand
• cumulative demand
Technical manual 2-10 Product description
Billing data
kWh
AvgPF =
k var h 2 + kWh 2
The meter can store up to two average power calculations, which can be configured in
Elster’s meter support software. Average power factor is calculated every second. Upon a
demand reset, the values used in this calculation are set to zero and the AvgPF will be set
to 1.000.
Demand calculations
Demand is the average value of power over a specified time interval. The A1800 ALPHA
meter supports three different methods for demand calculation:
• rolling interval
• block interval
• thermal time constant
An interval is the time over which demand is calculated. The length of a demand interval is
programmable using Elster meter support software, but the value must be evenly divisible
into 60 minutes. Common demand interval lengths are 15 or 30 minutes.
Technical manual 2-11 Product description
For example, the A1800 ALPHA meter can be configured for a 15-minute demand interval
length and a 5-minute subinterval length. In this case, the demand is calculated every 5
minutes based on the 3 previous subintervals (see Figure 2-10).
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time (minutes)
For example, if the demand interval is 15 minutes and the total accumulated energy is
50 kWh, then the demand is 200 kW.
50 kWh
D= = 200 kW
0.25 h
Block interval. Block demand interval is a special case of rolling interval demand in
which the subinterval is the same size as the interval (see Figure 2-11).
0 15 30 45 60
Time (minutes)
Technical manual 2-12 Product description
Thermal time constant. The A1800 ALPHA meter can perform thermal demand
emulation. The meter calculates demand based on a logarithmic scale that accurately
emulates thermal demand meters. The thermal demand time constants vary depending
upon the operational mode of the meter.
Maximum demand
Maximum demand (also referred to as indicating or peak demand) is the highest demand
value that occurs in a billing period. The demand for each demand interval is calculated
and compared to an earlier maximum demand value. If the new interval demand exceeds
the previous maximum demand, then the new demand is stored as the maximum
demand (see Figure 2-12). When a demand reset occurs, the maximum demand is reset to
zero. The demand for the first full interval after a demand reset becomes the maximum
demand.
Interval 7
demand Interval 8
Interval 6 (9.9 kW) demand
demand (9.5 kW)
(9.2 kW)
In addition to maximum demand, the A1800 ALPHA meter also stores either the
cumulative or continuous cumulative demand. A1800 ALPHA meters can be programmed
to trigger the recording of a coincident demand or power factor (see “Coincident demand
or power factor” on page 2-13).
To determine the maximum demand for a billing period after a demand reset, subtract the
previous cumulative demand from the current cumulative demand.
Similarly, coincident power factor refers to a power factor that occurs at the same time as a
demand value reaches its peak value. For example, an electric utility may want to record
the power factor at the time of a maximum kvar demand. This requires the power factor be
stored and reported during the same interval as the maximum kvar demand.
kWh
Coincident PF =
kvarh 2 + kWh 2
Demand forgiveness
Demand forgiveness is the time during which demand is not calculated or stored after a
qualified power outage. Demand forgiveness has two programmable settings:
• outage time: the number of minutes a power outage must last to qualify for demand
forgiveness (0 to 15 minutes)
• time: the number of minutes that demand is not calculated or stored (0 to 255
minutes) following a qualified power outage; zero disables demand forgiveness
When configured for primary metering, the A1800 ALPHA meter internally converts the
measured energy, demand and instrumentation quantities to primary units using the
voltage transformer ratio and the current transformer ratio. These ratios are programmed
using Elster meter support software. The metered quantities reflect energy, demand and
instrumentation on the primary side of the instrument transformers.
When configured for secondary metering, the A1800 ALPHA meter does not use the
voltage transformer ratio or the current transformer ratio to adjust the metered quantities.
The metered quantities reflect the energy, demand and instrumentation on the secondary
side of the instrument transformers even if the voltage and current ratios are programmed
into the meter.
TOU data
All A1800 ALPHA meters store the total (single-rate) data for energy and demand. TOU
meters can store the total data and the data for up to 4 rates. TOU rates can be based on
any combination of day (up to 4 day types), time (up to 132 switch times), or season (up to
12 seasons). The switch points for energy and demand may be configured independently
of each other.
All selected metered quantities are stored according to the TOU rate. The meter stores the
energy, demand, and average power factor for each rate.
Technical manual 2-14 Product description
See “Event log” on page 2-15 for information on loss of phase voltage.
Always Positive
The A1800 ALPHA meter can be ordered with the optional Always Positive feature which
records reverse energy as positive energy flow on a phase-by-phase basis. Always
Positive can be used to deter power theft or minimize the effects of improper meter wiring.
The following equation shows how total active power is calculated using theft-resistant
measurement:
Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3
Note: When the Always Positive is enabled and, in the rare situation of extremely poor
power factor, 2-element applications where the phase shift of the first element
exceeds 60 ° will result in overmeasuring of the first element energy and may
result in incorrect overbilling.
Operation of the LCD energy direction indicators is modified by theft–resistant
measurement. With the theft–resistant option, the -P arrow is not used. The +P energy
direction indicator is on continuously whenever kWh flow of any direction is detected.
• event log
• history log
• self reads
• load profiling
• instrumentation profiling
• TRueQ log
• voltage sag log
All of the logs and data sets share the meter’s memory. Using Elster meter support
software, the sizes of each log or data set can be configured to allow more room for a
different log or data set. For example, self reads can be configured to store less data so
that the load profiling can store more data.
Technical manual 2-15 Product description
Event,
Billing data, Configuration Self read,
History, IP,*
data, Manufacturing info, LP,*
TRueQ, LP*
etc. IP*
Voltage sag
In most cases, the 128 KB or 256 KB option is sufficient to meet data logging and profiling
requirements. In some cases (for example, if extensive instrumentation profiling is desired),
more memory may be required. When the data storage cannot be met with the 256 KB
main memory option, extended memory can be used to add shared memory to the
A1800 ALPHA meter.
Event log
All A1800 ALPHA meters have an event log. The A1800 ALPHA meter stores the date and
time that events occur. Elster meter support software is used to define and program the
number of event log entries that the meter will record. Events that can be included in the
event log are as follows:
History log
All A1800 ALPHA meters have a history log that stores table information and procedure ID
for configuration-altering writes to the meter. The A1800 ALPHA meter records a sequential
listing of records, along with the date and time. The meter records this information as an
audit trail, maintaining a history of programming changes made to the meter.
After the maximum number of entries has been stored, the meter will begin overwriting
the oldest entries. The history log can be disabled through Elster meter support software.
Technical manual 2-16 Product description
Self reads
All A1800 ALPHA meters can support self reads. A self read captures the current period
billing data and stores it in memory. The A1800 ALPHA meter can store up to 35 self reads
can be stored depending on memory requirements for logs, data, etc. This data can be
retrieved later for analysis or billing. If the meter has recorded the maximum number of
self reads, the next self read will overwrite the oldest copy.
Self reads are events that can be triggered by any of the following:
Load profiling
For meters with load profiling capabilities (designated with an “L” suffix), the A1800 ALPHA
meter is capable of recording 8 channels of information.
Load profiling has its own, separate interval length that is configured independently from
the demand interval length. The length of the load profiling interval must adhere to the
following rules:
The first number shows the number of days of load profiling, assuming all other logs and
self reads record the maximum number of entries. The second number shows the number
of days of load profiling, assuming all other logs and self reads record the minimum
number of entries.
Table 2-3. Estimated days of load profiling storage per number of channels
Days of Number of channels
storage
(max./min.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Note: The actual number of days stores varies based on meter firmware release and
other options programmed using Elster meter support software. See the
documentation for the meter support software for more information regarding
memory allocation.
Load profiling pulse divisor. A pulse divisor is used to scale down the number of pulses
recorded in each load profiling interval. This allows recording of data that may exceed the
maximum number of pulses that can be stored in each load profiling interval (each interval
can store 32,767 pulses before overflowing). The range for the value of the load profiling
pulse divisor is 1 (default) to 255.
Instrumentation profiling
In meters with instrumentation profiling (designated with an “N” suffix), the meter has two
sets of instrumentation profiling. Each set can record up to 16 channels from the sources
listed in Table 2-4. Also, instrumentation profiling can use the sources listed in Table 2-2 for
more extensive load profiling.
Each channel can be configured to record the instrumentation profiling using any one of
following four algorithms (see Table 2-5):
Table 2-5. Instrumentation profiling recording algorithms
Item Description
Minimum The meter samples the selected quantity over the instrumentation
interval. The minimum value of all the samples is recorded.
Maximum The meter samples the selected quantity over the instrumentation
interval. The maximum value of all the samples is recorded.
Average The meter samples the selected quantity over the instrumentation
interval. The average value of all the samples is recorded.
End The meter samples the selected quantity over the instrumentation
interval. The last value of all the samples is recorded.
Each set of instrumentation profiling has its own, separate interval length that is configured
independently from the demand interval length. The length of the instrumentation profiling
interval must adhere to the following rules:
TRueQ Log
The A1800 ALPHA meter has a TRueQ log that records TRueQ test failures. Elster meter
support software is used to define and program the number of TRueQ log entries that the
meter will record. Elster meter support software is also used to define which tests can
record failures in the TRueQ log.
The A1800 ALPHA meter can record the following data associated with the TRueQ test:
• the date and time when the TRueQ monitor first detects a qualified failure and the
identifier of the TRueQ test (1 TRueQ log entry)
• the date and time when the TRueQ monitor no longer detects a failure and the
identifier of the TRueQ test (1 TRueQ log entry)
Note: See “TRueQ event counters and timers” on page 4-15 for information on
qualification time
For each TRueQ log entry, the meter also records an instrumentation measurement related
to the TRueQ test.
When the maximum number of entries has been stored, the meter will begin overwriting
the oldest entries.
User-defined tables
User defined tables offer specific data retrieval options for A1800 ALPHA meters. User
defined table configuration may be requested at the time of purchase, and the specific
configuration may be programmed at the factory. An AMR system can then be configured
to retrieve the user defined table information from the meter instead of individual table
reads. This reduces the total communications time.
Technical manual 2-19 Product description
See the following figures for illustrations of the meter and its dimensions.
22
204 224*
307
150 5
Approximate dimensions in millimeters
170
89
22*
213* 224*
240
202
150
Figure 2-17. A1800 ALPHA meter, bottom view (direct connect and transformer rated)
170 170
6.2
Ø 10 5.4
Direct connect meter Transformer rated meter
Approximate dimensions in millimeters.
3 Operating instructions
LCD
The liquid crystal display (LCD) is used to display meter data and status information.
Figure 3-1 shows the dimensions of the LCD.
77
1.4 3.5
+ Q
-P +P 7
- Q
27 32
9.5
As shown in Figure 3-2, the LCD is divided into different display regions.
+ Q
-P +P
Energy direction
indicator - Q
L1 L2 L3 Alternate mode
indicator
COM 0 1 2
Display quantity
Comm. port indicator
Power/energy
units identifier
Tariff indicators 1 to 8
(left to right)
Cover removed
LC indicator
indicator
Technical manual 3-2 Operating instructions
The A1800 ALPHA meter can be ordered with a backlight option for the LCD. The LCD can
be illuminated by pressing one of the push buttons, making it easier to read the LCD in no-
light or low-light conditions. The backlight option must be specified at the time of ordering.
See “Using the backlight” on page 3-6 for more information.
Display quantity. This 8-digit display on the LCD shows either metered quantities or other
displayable information, depending upon how the A1800 ALPHA meter has been
programmed.
The displayable digits are definable using Elster meter support software for both energy
and demand readings. From 3 to 8 digits with up to 4 decimal places can be used. These
digits are also used to report error codes for the following error conditions:
Phase indicators. Each phase indicator (L1, L2, and L3) corresponds to a line voltage (Line
1, Line 2, and Line 3, respectively) present on the A1800 ALPHA meter connections. The
state of the indicators correspond to the following:
• If the indicators are on, then all expected line voltages are present.
• If an indicator is blinking, then that expected line voltage is either missing or below
the defined threshold for voltage sag detection.
• If an indicator is off, the line is not expected for the configured meter type.
See “Voltage sags” on page 4-13 for more details on momentary voltage sag detection
and the phase indicators.
Energy direction indicators. The energy direction indicators display the quadrant and
direction of the last Wh (active) and varh (reactive) energy flow. Positive energy flow is
energy delivered to the consumer load, while reverse energy flow is energy received from
the consumer load. Figure 3-3 shows the meaning of each energy direction indicator.
The energy direction indicators turn on to display energy flow direction when any of the
meter phases are measuring energy flow (that is, when one of the line currents is above
the meter starting threshold).
On meters with the Always Positive option, the +P indicator is on continuously whenever
kWh flow of any direction is detected. The –P indicator is inoperative for this meter
configuration (see “Always Positive” on page 2-14 for more information).
Power/energy units identifier. The power/energy units identifier is used to indicate the
unit of measurement for the quantity displayed on the meter’s LCD. In some cases, it may
not be possible to represent the displayed quantity using the power/energy units identifier.
If this is the case, then the power/energy units identifier will not be used. Instead, the
quantity will be identified either using the quantity identifier or appending the unit to the
display quantity.
Alternate display indicator. This indicator (✱) displays when the A1800 ALPHA meter is
operating in alternate mode. This indicator also displays during the all segment test of the
LCD.
See “Operating modes” on page 3-7 for more information on the different operating
modes.
Error indicator. The error indicator flashes when any error condition is present or remains
on if a warning condition is present. When the error indicator is on, the LCD will also
display the appropriate error or warning code. See “System service error codes” on
page 4-10 and “Codes and warnings” on page 6-2 for details.
Note: This indicator also turns on during the LCD all-segments test.
Low battery indicator. The low battery indicator is turned on when the TOU battery
voltage is low or when the TOU battery is missing. Additionally, the low battery warning
display item (if included in the display list) also is displayed.
Note: This indicator also turns on during the LCD all-segments test.
Active COM port indicator. The active COM port indicator indicates that a
communication session is in progress and which COM port is being used.
Table 3-1. Port codes
Code Port
COM 0 Optical port
COM 1 Remote port 1
COM 2 Remote port 2
Display indicators. The 12 display indicators (▼) are used to more precisely identify the
information displayed on the meter’s LCD.
Note: The active tariff indicators also turns on during the LCD all-segments test.
EOI indicator. The end-of-interval (EOI) indicator is used to verify the timing of the demand
interval. Ten seconds before the end of the demand interval, the EOI indicator will be
turned on and remain on until the end of the interval.
Technical manual 3-4 Operating instructions
For rolling demand, the EOI indicator turns on for 10 seconds before the end of
each subinterval.
Transformer and line loss compensation indicator. The loss compensation (LC) indicator
indicates the meter is currently compensating for transformer and line loss.
Cover tamper indicator. The cover tamper (TC) indicator indicates that either the terminal
cover or the meter cover is removed. This may indicate that tampering has occurred on the
meter. The TC indicator turns off when all the covers are in place. See “Cover tamper
detection switches” on page 2-5 for additional information.
Test mode indicator. The test (TST) mode indicator indicates that the meter is currently
operating in test mode. See “Test mode” on page 3-8 for details.
Push buttons
The following push buttons are located on the front of the A1800 ALPHA meter:
• RESET (sealable)
• ✱
If sealed, the RESET button is only accessible after breaking the seal; the ✱ button is always
accessible.
If the A1800 ALPHA meter is ordered with the backlight display option, then either the RESET
button or the ✱ button can be used to illuminate the display. See “Using the backlight” on
page 3-6 for more information.
* (ALT) button
RESET button
(sealable)
RESET button. To activate the RESET button, it may be necessary to break the seal that
locks the RESET button in the inactive position. After the seal is broken, rotate the push
button 90 ° in either direction and press the push button (see Figure 3-5). Pressing the
RESET button performs a demand reset (see “Demand reset” on page 3-10 for a description
on what happens during a demand reset). The RESET button performs differently
depending on the A1800 ALPHA operating mode, as shown in Table 3-2.
Note: If the A1800 ALPHA meter is ordered with the backlight display option, then the
RESET button can be used to illuminate the display. See “Using the backlight” on
page 3-6 for more information.
Technical manual 3-5 Operating instructions
To seal the RESET button, rotate the RESET button 90 ° back to the inactive position and
apply the seal.
Using to lock service. Pressing the RESET button will accept and lock the detected service
when the service test lock mode has been set to manual and the system service voltage
test has just been performed by the A1800 ALPHA meter. See “Manual lock” on page 4-6
for more details.
Using the RESET button to lock the service will not perform a demand reset
unless it is pressed a second time.
✱ button. Pressing the ✱ button normally initiates the alternate mode (see “Operating
modes” on page 3-7 for more information about the A1800 ALPHA operating modes). The
✱ button performs differently depending on the operating mode, as shown in Table 3-3.
Note: If the A1800 ALPHA meter is ordered with the backlight display option, then the ✱
button can be used to illuminate the display. See “Using the backlight” on page 3-6
for more information.
Technical manual 3-6 Operating instructions
Using the backlight. The A1800 ALPHA meter can be ordered with an optional backlight
for the LCD. Once the backlight is turned on, the LCD will be illuminated for two minutes.
Note: The backlight option is not available in Read without Power mode.
To illuminate the LCD, use the following process (see Figure 3-6):
1. Press either the ✱ button or the RESET button. The backlight turns on for the specified
illumination time.
2. While the LCD is illuminated, the push buttons will operate as follows:
• The RESET button operates as specified in Table 3-2.
• The ✱ button operates as specified in Table 3-3.
3. The backlight will turn off at the end of the illumination time. Pressing either the ✱
button or the RESET button restarts the process, beginning with step 1.
The A1800 ALPHA meter can be ordered with the backlight always turned on. With this
option, the LCD backlight will always be illuminated, and the RESET and ✱ buttons will
operate as specified in Table 3-2 and Table 3-3, respectively.
Technical manual 3-7 Operating instructions
Figure 3-6. Using the backlight on the A1800 ALPHA meter LCD (default operating mode)
Backlight off
Any button is
pressed
Backlight on
Button pressed
while LCD lit? Yes,
Yes, *
RESET
No
Has time
expired?
No
Yes
Operating modes
The A1800 ALPHA meter operates in one of the following modes:
• normal mode
• alternate mode
• test mode
• Read without Power mode (optional)
As part of its function, the meter performs self tests to make sure it is operating normally.
The self test ensures that the A1800 ALPHA meter is functioning properly and that its
displayed quantities are accurate. If the self test indicates an error, the LCD displays the
error indicator. In addition, the meter can be programmed to “lock” the error code on the
display. The meter attempts to function normally, however, the meter data may be suspect.
See “Meter self test” on page 6-1 for more information on self tests and errors.
Normal mode
Normal mode is the default operation mode for the A1800 ALPHA meter. It is generally
used to display billing data on the LCD. The meter is fully operational in this mode, and it
will process and store data while the LCD scrolls through the normal display list quantities.
The LCD test will always appear immediately after power is connected to the A1800 ALPHA
meter or after a power restoration from an outage.
Technical manual 3-8 Operating instructions
Typically, the normal mode display cycle begins with an LCD test which turns on all of the
display segments. This is recommended because it provides a quick way to determine if
the LCD is functioning properly. The LCD test can be disabled using Elster meter support
software. The normal display cycle will scroll through all programmed display quantities
before beginning the cycle again.
While in normal mode, the LEDs transmit pulses proportional to metered energy. See “LED
pulse outputs” on page 5-6 for details on the LEDs.
Alternate mode
Alternate mode can be programmed with Elster meter support software to display a
second set of quantities on the LCD. Alternate mode is most often used for displaying non-
billing data, but it can be programmed to display any of the available quantities. This
mode is activated in one of the following ways:
There are several different ways to exit alternate mode. Whenever exiting the alternate
mode, the meter returns to normal mode.
Table 3-4. Exiting alternate mode
Method Description
Wait for the end of the If the meter is scrolling through the alternate display list
alternate display list automatically, the meter exits alternate mode after the
last item is displayed.
Press the RESET button Exits alternate mode and performs a demand reset.
Wait for the timeout If the LCD remains on a quantity, the meter exits
alternate mode after 2 minutes of inactivity. If the LCD
remains on a pulse line cumulative counter, the meter
will exit the alternate mode at midnight.
Power failure occurs Exits alternate mode; when power is restored, the
meter's display is in normal mode.
At midnight Exits alternate mode at the next midnight crossing.
Test mode
The A1800 ALPHA meter enters test mode by a command through the optical port. While in
test mode, the test mode indicator (TST) will flash on the meter’s LCD.
Test mode displays test readings without affecting the present energy usage and billing
data values in the A1800 ALPHA meter. Shorter demand intervals may be used in test
mode to reduce demand test time and will not interfere with billing data.
When normal mode is resumed, readings taken during test mode will be discarded and
present energy usage and billing data values will be restored. The status of the meter
(including billing data, profiling data, errors, and warnings) before the meter entered test
mode is restored.
While in test mode, the optical port transmits test pulses proportional to metered energy
(see “LED pulse outputs” on page 5-6).
Technical manual 3-9 Operating instructions
Test mode is entered using Elster meter support software. The meter exits test mode under
any of the following conditions:
Table 3-5. Exiting test mode
Method Description
Test mode expires Automatically after a programmable timeout has
expired (between 1 and 255 test mode intervals)
Send an exit command Using Elster meter support software, send an exit
command over the optical port.
Automatically after 24 Automatically after a programmable timeout (1-255 test
hours mode intervals).
Power failure occurs Exits test mode; when power is restored, the meter's
display is in normal mode.
To enter Read without Power mode during an outage, press the ✱ button for
approximately 5 seconds. The meter will turn on the LCD and will display the following:
The meter exits Read without Power mode when any of the following actions occur:
1 Billing data is
always available in Read without Power mode. Data stored in shared memory may not be available while in
Read without Power mode (see “Logs and data sets” on page 2-14 for more information on shared memory).
Technical manual 3-10 Operating instructions
Demand reset
A demand reset can be performed one of three ways:
• the present billing data is copied to the demand reset data area
• the billing data’s present maximum demand is added to the cumulative demand,
and then the billing data’s present maximum demand is reset to zero
• the billing data’s dates and times of the maximum demands are reset to zero
• the billing data’s present coincident values are reset to zero
• all demand calculations are reset to zero and a new demand interval is started
• previous interval demands are reset to zero
• present interval demands are reset to zero
• all average power factor calculations are restarted
• pulse line cumulative counters are cleared
• current conditions for certain errors or warnings are cleared
• the cumulative number of demand resets (rolls over to zero after 255)
• the cumulative number of manual demand resets (pressing the RESET button or
issuing a command)
• date and time of last demand reset1
• number of days since the last demand reset
• the method of the most recent demand reset (for example, button press, procedure,
or calendar)
• if configured, the event log records every demand reset
Previous billing data is different from self reads, which can store multiple copies of the
billing data. See “Self reads” on page 2-16 for more information.
1 If demand reset is set during Read without Power mode, the date and time for the demand reset is identical to the start time of
the most recent power outage.
Technical manual 4-1 Meter tools
4 Meter tools
System instrumentation
System instrumentation is a collection of displayable items designed to assist in evaluating
a service by providing real time analysis of the conditions present at the A1800 ALPHA
installation. Instrumentation quantities should not be confused with billing quantities
because they are intended for an entirely different purpose.
The instrumentation measurements are near instantaneous. Using Elster meter support
software, instrumentation quantities may be placed in normal, alternate, or test mode
display sequences. The alternate mode display sequence is recommended because it is
generally not necessary for these quantities to be displayed at all times.
Most instrumentation quantities are true root mean square (rms) measurements over an
even number of line cycles, but others are compound quantities. Compound quantities
require multiple measurements at slightly different times with the results calculated from
these multiple measurements. Instrumentation quantities can also round or restrict the
quantity to a desirable value under certain system conditions. See Table 4-1 for more
information about how the instrumentation quantities are obtained.The quantities that are
indicated by a footnote are updated about every second; the remaining quantities are
updated about every 5 seconds.
Table 4-1. Description of system instrumentation quantities
Instrumentation quantity Description
Frequency1 Measured on line 1 voltage.
System kW The signed sum of the kW measurement on each phase taken only moments
apart
System kVA (arithmetic) The signed sum of the kVA measurement on each phase taken only
moments apart
System kvar (arithmetic) Calculated using the following equation:
kvar = kVA 2 - kW 2
The result is then signed based on the kvar direction.
System kvar (vectorial) Sum of the per phase kvar (vectorial)
Technical manual 4-2 Meter tools
i = 15
∑ HCi
2
THC =
i=2
i =15
∑ HCi
2
i =2
TDD =
Maximum amps
where HCi represents the ith harmonic current.
1 Updated about every 1 second.
Technical manual 4-3 Meter tools
Voltage, current, kW, kvar, and kVA instrumentation quantities have an error of less than
±0.25 %. Accuracy will diminish as the value of the quantity becomes smaller.
The meter’s LCD can be programmed with Elster’s meter support software to display
primary instrumentation values.
The quantity identifier gives information about the quantity being displayed on the
A1800 ALPHA meter LCD, as indicated in Table 4-2.
Table 4-2. System instrumentation quantity identifiers
Quantity identifier Description
L123 System instrumentation measurements
L1 Line 1 measurements
L2 Line 2 measurements
L3 Line 3 measurements
L1 H2-15 Line 1 total harmonic distortion
L2 H2-15 Line 2 total harmonic distortion
L3 H2-15 Line 3 total harmonic distortion
L1 H1 Line 1 1st harmonic
L2 H2 Line 2 1st harmonic
L3 H2 Line 3 1st harmonic
L1 H2 Line 1 2nd harmonic
L2 H2 Line 2 2nd harmonic
L3 H2 Line 3 2nd harmonic
L1 TDD Line 1 total demand distortion
L2 TDD Line 2 total demand distortion
L3 TDD Line 3 total demand distortion
The display quantity will show a measurement and a unit of measure on the A1800 ALPHA
meter LCD. See Figure 4-1 and Figure 4-2 for examples showing system instrumentation
quantities. See Appendix B, “Display table,” for information about displayable items.
+P
L1 L2 L3
Technical manual 4-4 Meter tools
+P
L1 L2 L3
+P
L1 L2 L3
+P
L1 L2 L3
+P
L1 L2 L3
• phase voltages
• phase voltage angles
• phase rotation
The meter measures each phase voltage and phase voltage angle and attempts to match
the measurements to a stored list of valid services.
• If the service voltage test is successful, the validated service is shown on the meter’s
LCD and the meter will continue to the next display quantity in the sequence.
• If the test is not successful, a warning is set. Also, the LCD will indicate a service error
by displaying SE plus a code on the LCD. See “System service error codes” on page 4-
10 for more information about system service error codes.
The following conditions can cause the service voltage test to fail:
• phase voltage angles not within ±15° of the expected service phase angles
• phase voltage magnitudes not within the tolerance of the nominal service voltages
programmed into the meter with Elster meter support software
System service locking. Once a service voltage test has detected a valid service, it can
be locked into the A1800 ALPHA meter memory. A locked valid service is used as a basis
for future system service tests and TRueQ tests. The following information will be stored in
the meter when the service is locked:
• smart autolock
• manual lock
To indicate that a service voltage test is complete, the LCD displays the following (an
example is shown in Figure 4-6):
+P
L1 L2 L3
The voltage magnitude and service type are surrounded by brackets to indicate that the
service is locked (see Figure 4-7).
+P
L1 L2 L3
Smart autolock. When smart autolock is enabled through Elster meter support software,
the A1800 ALPHA meter will attempt to lock the service automatically once it is determined
to be valid. Both the voltage magnitude and phase angle of the service are compared to a
table of valid relationships stored within the meter memory. The meter accepts the service
that most closely matches one of the stored values in the A1800 ALPHA meter.
The A1800 ALPHA meter periodically checks the service. Under certain conditions, the
smart autolocked service may lock on a different service. This is useful because the meter
may have been moved to a new service. The service voltage test will be performed and the
service may be changed in response to the following events:
• power up
• exit of test mode
• after a data-altering communication session
If a new, valid service is detected, the meter locks on the new service. If a valid service
cannot be detected, the meter responds in the following manner:
When the service type has been detected, the phase rotation, voltage magnitude, and the
service type will be displayed on the LCD. If the RESET button is not pressed to accept the
service, the LCD will alternate between L1-2-3 ------ and the detected service
information until the service has been manually locked.
Once manually locked, the service never unlocks automatically. To move the
A1800 ALPHA meter to a new installation with a different type of service, the
service must be unlocked using Elster meter support software. The new service
type can then be detected and manually locked.
Technical manual 4-7 Meter tools
Initiating service voltage tests. When enabled, the service voltage test is initiated at any
of the following times:
• as a display item
• as a TRueQ test (for meters with TRueQ capabilities)
The behavior of the service voltage test depends on these factors:
If the service voltage test is interrupted (for example, the ✱ button is pressed or there is a
communications session), the meter restarts the service voltage test after handling the
interruption.
Technical manual 4-8 Meter tools
At midnight. If the service is locked, the meter checks the service at midnight. The meter
always does the following when the service voltage test is run at midnight:
Manual lock
Smart autolock
Current state is locked
1 The meter initiates the service test. 1 The meter initiates the service test.
2 The phase indicator voltage threshold 2 The phase indicator voltage threshold
levels are based on the currently locked levels are based on the currently locked
service. service.
3 The meter attempts to match the service. 3 The meter attempts to match the service.
• If the service matches the presently • If the service matches the presently
locked service, then the LCD displays locked service, then the LCD displays
the locked valid service. the locked valid service.
• If the service does not match the • If the service does not match the
presently locked service, then the LCD presently locked service, then the LCD
displays SE 555000. The meter displays a service test error. The meter
restarts the service voltage test in restarts the service voltage test in
diagnostic mode (see “Restarting the diagnostic mode (see “Restarting the
service voltage test in diagnostic service voltage test in diagnostic
mode” on page 4-9). However, the mode” on page 4-9). However, the
lock remains on the last valid service lock remains on the last valid service
until a new valid service is detected. until a new valid service is detected.
If the service test is interrupted (for example, the ✱ button is pressed or there is a
communications session), the meter restarts the service test after handling the interruption.
If the service has not been locked, the test is not performed and the LCD displays
SE 555000.
As a display item in a display sequence. Using Elster meter support software, the service
voltage test can be programmed as a displayable quantity in any display sequence. The
service test is initiated when the service test quantity is displayed on the LCD.
Manual lock
Smart autolock Service locking disabled
Current state is locked
1 The meter initiates the service test. The service test is performed as the 1 The meter initiates the service test.
2 The meter attempts to match the autolock. • If a valid service is detected, the
service. LCD displays the valid service.
• If the service detected matches the • If a valid service cannot be found,
presently locked service, then the the meter displays SE 555000.
LCD displays the locked valid 2 After the LCD displays the valid service
service. or the service test error, the LCD
• If the service does not match the continues to the next item in the
presently locked service, then the display sequence.
LCD displays a service test error.
3 After the LCD displays the locked valid
service or the service test error, the
LCD continues to the next item in the
display sequence.
As a TRueQ test. When the service voltage test is programmed as a TRueQ test, the service
test is performed only if the service is locked. TRueQ tests are available only on meters with
TRueQ capabilities. See “Service voltage test” on page 4-5 for more information.
Technical manual 4-9 Meter tools
Restarting the service voltage test in diagnostic mode. Depending on how the
service voltage test was started, the test restarts in diagnostic mode if the test fails. The
A1800 ALPHA meter uses the diagnostic mode if the service voltage test was started in
these ways:
+P
L1 L2 L3
If the test is not successful, a warning is set. Also, the LCD will indicate a service error by
displaying SE and a code, an example of which is shown in Figure 4-9. See “System service
error codes” on page 4-10 for more information. The following conditions can cause the
service current test to fail:
If all phases are below the absolute minimum current threshold, the low and missing
current failure will not be reported. It is assumed that this is a valid, no-load condition. In
this case, the low and zero current warnings will display if the condition exists.
+P
L1 L2 L3
Initiating the service current test. The service current test can be initiated in any of the
following ways:
• the service current test may be placed in any display sequence. The service current
test will be performed when the quantity is displayed in the display sequence.
• the service current test may be included in the TRueQ tests if the A1800 ALPHA meter
is equipped with this feature. The results of the TRueQ test will not be seen on the
LCD. See “TRueQ monitoring” on page 4-12 for more details on TRueQ.
• the service current test may be programmed to be performed after successful
service voltage tests that perform automatically (but not as part of a display list)
If the A1800 ALPHA meter does not have a locked service, then the system service current
test will be skipped regardless of how the test is initiated.
Parameters regarding the system service current tests can be changed without requiring
the meter to be unlocked and then relocked or requiring the meter to be reset. These
parameters (configurable with Elster meter support software) include the following:
If service current errors are present on more than one phase, a single error code is
displayed to represent all detected errors. For example, SE 000308 indicates missing
current on line 1 and excess current on line 3.
TRueQ monitoring
All A1800 ALPHA meters are equipped with the tamper restraint and quality (TRueQ)
monitoring features that can monitor circuit parameters on a cyclic basis, 24 hours a day
throughout the billing period. TRueQ tests may be turned on or off through Elster meter
support software.
TRueQ tests will recognize any deviation beyond the thresholds. When shipped, the meter
is stored with default values for the thresholds. Using Elster meter support software, these
thresholds can be edited.
Most TRueQ tests are performed individually so that circuit parameters are not being
monitored continuously. Each subsequent test will begin immediately after the previous
one has ended. The momentary voltage sag test, however, uses the per phase rms
voltage calculation which is part of the voltage sensing process within the meter engine.
The rms voltages are calculated once every 2 line cycles, so the momentary voltage sag
test is capable of recognizing any phase voltage deviation that remains below a specified
threshold for as few as 2 line cycles.
TRueQ timing
In addition to defining thresholds for each test, a minimum time may also be defined. Once
the monitored parameter falls outside the threshold and remains there longer than the
minimum time, the failure will be stored and the cumulative count will increment by one. A
cumulative timer will also be activated and will run for as long as the event is detected. The
cumulative count and timer for each test can be retrieved through Elster meter support
software.
TRueQ log
All A1800 ALPHA meters record TRueQ events in the TRueQ log. Meters with TOU capability
will also record the date and time of any TRueQ failure in the TRueQ log. See “TRueQ Log”
on page 2-18 for more information about the TRueQ log.
Voltage sags
A momentary sag in voltage can reset process control equipment and computer systems.
The momentary voltage sag monitor watches for decreases in voltage that last for a
measured number of cycles. This monitor can detect any voltage decrease that falls below
a programmed threshold for as few as 2 line cycles. Threshold and duration are defined
using Elster meter support software.
The voltage sag threshold is defined as a percentage of the lowest nominal per phase
voltage and recommended to be in the range of 60 % to 99.9 %.
A sag is defined as a drop in phase voltage below the threshold for a duration greater
than the sag minimum time and less than the sag maximum time. If the condition exceeds
the maximum sag time, it will not be considered a sag event. The sag times can be
configured to a resolution of 8 milliseconds. The minimum time range can be from 32
milliseconds to 2.04 seconds. The maximum time range can be a time up to 546 seconds.
The potential indicators on the A1800 ALPHA meter LCD will indicate when voltage is below
the sag level threshold. When a phase voltage drops below the voltage sag threshold, the
corresponding potential indicator will blink.
Voltage sag counter and timer. Each phase voltage has a voltage sag counter and
timer associated with it. Each counter can accumulate up to 65,535 before rolling over to
zero. Each cumulative timer can record time for 414 days.
A voltage sag event is only counted if the voltage remains below the voltage sag threshold
for more than the minimum time and less than the maximum time. A voltage that remains
below the voltage sag threshold for longer than the maximum time is considered to be a
low voltage condition, and it is not counted by the momentary voltage sag monitor.
The counter and timer for each phase are maintained within the A1800 ALPHA meter
memory. These values can be reported and can be reset through Elster meter support
software.
See “Voltage sag log” on page 2-18 for more information about the log of momentary
voltage sag events.
TRueQ tests
TRueQ tests do not interfere with any meter functions related to energy measurement.
These tests run separately from the metering functions. Table 4-5 shows the available tests
for TRueQ, along with their description.
Table 4-5. TRueQ tests
TRueQ Test name Configuration based upon
Test 1 Service voltage test System service voltage test thresholds
Test 2 Low voltage test A specified low voltage threshold
Test 3 High voltage test A specified high voltage threshold
Technical manual 4-14 Meter tools
The following TRueQ tests are available on all A1800 ALPHA meters programmed with
Metercat release 2.3 or later:
Table 4-6. Enhanced TRueQ tests
TRueQ Test name Configuration based upon
Test 13 Low voltage (Line 1) Specified low voltage threshold
Test 14 Low voltage (Line 2) Specified low voltage threshold
Test 15 Low voltage (Line 3) Specified low voltage threshold
Test 16 High voltage (Line 1) Specified high voltage threshold
Test 17 High voltage (Line 2) Specified high voltage threshold
Test 18 High voltage (Line 3) Specified high voltage threshold
Test 19 Low voltage and current Specified thresholds for low voltage and
present (Line 1) high current
Test 20 Low voltage and current Specified thresholds for low voltage and
present (Line 2) high current
Test 21 Low voltage and current Specified thresholds for low voltage and
present (Line 3) high current
Test 22 Current missing (Line 1) Specified thresholds for voltage and
current
Test 23 Current missing (Line 2) Specified thresholds for voltage and
current
Test 24 Current missing (Line 3) Specified thresholds for voltage and
current
Technical manual 4-15 Meter tools
During the low current and reverse power and power factor tests, there will be
no event detected if all measured line currents drop below the absolute
minimum current threshold. An event will be detected if any single phase or two
phases drop below the programmed threshold for the qualification time. This
eliminates false detection when the load is dramatically reduced or turned off.
TRueQ event counters and timers. Each TRueQ test has its own event counter
associated with it. Each counter can accumulate to a maximum of 65,535 before rolling
over to zero. For each TRueQ test, an event occurring on one phase or across multiple
phases is counted as a single event. The momentary voltage sag monitor, however,
records counters and timers for each phase. See “Voltage sag counter and timer” on
page 4-13 for details.
The cumulative timer for each monitor can record time over 20 years. To increase the
cumulative counter or timer, the TRueQ test must fail for a period greater than the
qualification time. The cumulative timer includes the qualification time for the test (see
Figure 4-10). The qualification time is defined as zero to 60 minutes where zero causes the
event to be recognized immediately as it is detected.
Time recorded by
meter
An event ends when the condition is no longer present. If an event occurs but does not last
for the qualification time, then neither the counter nor timer will reflect the event having
occurred.
The counter and timer for each monitor are maintained within the A1800 ALPHA meter
memory. These values can be reported and can be reset through Elster meter support
software.
Technical manual 4-16 Meter tools
Variable 0 % to 99.9 %
Default value 94.0 %
Configuration based on A specified low voltage threshold
Description This test checks the per phase voltages for values that fall below a specified limit. Each phase threshold can be
set individually and can be set at a value higher or lower than the limits selected for the service voltage test.
This allows a more thorough study of the voltage changes.
The threshold is defined as a percentage of the expected per phase nominal voltage (recommended to be in
the range of 60 % to 99.9 %). The percentage for each phase can be individually defined. The test fails if any
phase voltage exceeds the threshold.
Stored value Line 1 voltage (even if line 2 or line 3 causes the test to fail)
Security
All A1800 ALPHA meters include features that help prevent unauthorized access to meter
data and record events that may indicate meter tampering.
Meter passwords
Access to the A1800 ALPHA meter is protected through the use of passwords. When
establishing communication with the meter, the meter will request a password. If the
correct password is not supplied, the meter will not communicate or perform the
commands that it is issued. Passwords help ensure that the meter data is protected and
that the programming cannot be altered without proper authorization.
The A1800 ALPHA meter uses three passwords to control access to the meter. As shown in
Table 4-7, each password allows different activities that can be performed on the meter.
For more information regarding passwords, see the documentation that comes with the
Elster meter support software.
Table 4-7. A1800 ALPHA meter passwords
Password Allowed activity
Read only The meter can be read. No alteration of data or programming is
allowed.
Billing read The meter can be read. Some basic data-altering activity relating to
billing functions is allowed.
Unrestricted The meter can be read. Full programming of the meter is allowed.
Technical manual 4-26 Meter tools
When communicating with the A1800 ALPHA meter remotely, the A1800 ALPHA meter
supports the password encryption standards in accordance with ANSI C12.21. In
accordance with ANSI C12.18, the password is not encrypted when communicating using
the optical port.
The meter records the number of failed password attempts that were used in trying to
access the meter. An internal warning will be generated if 10 failed password attempts
occur since the last demand reset. This warning can be used to control a relay output or to
trigger an alarm call.
Anti–tampering
All A1800 ALPHA meters provide auditing capabilities that can be used to indicate potential
meter tampering. These capabilities can record such items as the following:
• programming changes
• power outages
• number of days since last pulse
• number of manually-initiated demand resets
• number of days since last demand reset
• reverse energy flow
• history log
• cover removal detection
Program protection
As a security feature, the A1800 ALPHA meter can be ordered with program protection.
Program protection prevents metrological parameters from being altered. Some data and
configuration parameters can be altered while in program protection.1 These alterable
items must be specified at ordering and can include the following:
• communication parameters
• TRueQ parameters
• time of day (TOU or load profiling configurations)
• switch times (TOU configurations)
• special dates list (TOU or load profiling configurations)
All other parameter changes require the meter to exit program protect mode.
1. Break the terminal cover seals and remove terminal cover. The TC indicator will turn
on.
2. Break the meter cover seals and lift the meter cover.
3. At this point, you can perform any of the data or program altering operations
available using the Elster meter support software.
4. Close the meter cover and install the seals.
5. Install the terminal cover and seals. The TC indicator will turn off.
If programmed to do so, changes in the state of the terminal cover and the meter cover are
logged in the event log. See “Event log” on page 2-15 for details.
1 Onmeters with a history log, it may be possible to change certain metrological parameters while in program protection. For
more information, see “History log” on page 2-15.
Technical manual 5-1 Outputs
5 Outputs
Relay outputs
The A1810 ALPHA meter does not include relay outputs. The A1830 ALPHA meter and
higher supports up to 4 relays.1
Figure 5-1. A1800 ALPHA meter with RS-232 as second communication port
RS-232 connector
(optional)*
RS-485 terminals
RS-232
connector
1 Support for
up to 6 relays on the A1830 ALPHA meter and higher is a future option. Contact Elster for availability.
Technical manual 5-2 Outputs
Figure 5-2. A1800 ALPHA meter with RS-485 as second communication port
RS-485 connector
(optional)*
RS-485 terminals
RS-232
connector
For more information about relay outputs and communications, see the instructional leaflet
(IL) that comes with the option board.
The output relays on the main circuit board can switch up to 125 VAC or 180 VDC at up to
70 mA. See Appendix D, “Wiring diagrams.”
With the A1800 ALPHA meter, all relay outputs are fully programmable using Elster meter
support software. Sources for relay outputs are listed in Table 5-1.
Table 5-1. Source for relay operation and output specifications
Relay source Relay output specification
Energy pulse For each pulse of the selected basic metered
quantity (see “Metered energy and demand
quantities” on page 2-10), the relay will do either of
the following:
• toggle (that is, turn on and off)
• pulse for a specified length of time
Load control The relay closes when the demand exceeds the
specified demand threshold, and it remains closed
for the duration of the interval. The relay will open
after the demand remains below the threshold for
one full interval.
EOI indication The relay closes for 5 seconds after the end of each
interval or subinterval.
Technical manual 5-3 Outputs
Pulse
Off
Pulse period Pulse period Pulse period
In toggle mode, a relay changes state for each energy pulse received from the meter
engine.
Pulse
Off
Pulse period Pulse period Pulse period
In pulse mode, a default pulse width of 10 milliseconds is generated for each energy pulse
received from the meter engine. Using Elster meter support, the width can be
programmed with a value from 1 millisecond to 255 milliseconds.
Using Elster meter support software, there are two methods for specifying the weight of
each pulse.
Using pulse divisor. Program the energy pulse divisor with an integer value between 1
and 999.
Pulse constant
Energy pulse divisor =
Relay constant
Technical manual 5-4 Outputs
The pulse constant (also known as the meter constant) for the A1800 ALPHA meter is as
follows:
40000
Energy pulse divisor = = 40
1000
Using Elster meter support software, program the energy pulse divisor of 40 into the
meter.
Note: If the energy pulse divisor is not an integer, then the exact desired output is not
possible.
• For direct connect-rated meters: 4000 pulses per kWh
For example, the desired relay constant is 1000 pulses per 1 kWh and the pulse
constant is 4000 pulses per 1 kWh:
4000
Energy pulse divisor = =4
1000
Note: If the energy pulse divisor is not an integer, then the exact desired output is not
possible.
Using pulse value. Program the energy pulse value with a value between 0.000001 kWh
and 100 kWh to represent the amount of energy per pulse (in kilo units). For example, to
have one energy pulse represent 2 Wh (0.002 kWh), you would use an energy pulse value
of 0.002.
Note: The pulse value method is available from the Tools > System Preferences >
Programming Options command in Metercat.
Note: Elster recommends that the pulse value should not be used when verifying meter
accuracy. Use the pulse divisor method when verifying meter accuracy.
Relay-related alarms
The A1800 ALPHA meter periodically performs a self test to determine if it is operating
properly. If any errors are detected, the meter can respond in any or all of the following
ways:
Table 5-2. Errors, warnings, and events that can trigger a relay
Condition Description
Event log wrap event The event log has exceeded the maximum number of
entries, and the oldest records will be overwritten.
General configuration error See “E1 100000: General configuration error” on
page 6-4.
History log wrap warning The history log has exceeded the maximum number
of entries. Depending on programming, the meter will
either lock the history log or start overwriting the
oldest records. If the history log is locked, no further
changes to the meter are allowed until the history log
has been read.
Improper meter engine See “W1 000010: Improper meter engine operation
operation warning warning” on page 6-6
Instrumentation profiling set 1 Set 1 of the instrumentation profiling log is within 2
wrap imminent event days of overflowing. Data will be lost if the
instrumentation profiling log is not read within 2 days.
Instrumentation profiling set 2 Set 2 of the instrumentation profiling log is within 2
wrap imminent event days of overflowing. Data will be lost if the
instrumentation profiling log is not read within 2 days.
Internal communication error See “E1 001000: Internal communication error” on
page 6-4.
Low battery warning See “W1 000001: Low battery warning” on page 6-6.
Possible tamper warning This condition indicates possible tampering of the
meter because a specified number of invalid
passwords used to access the meter has been used
(called “tamper detect warning” in this manual). This
condition does not generate an error or warning code
on the LCD.
Potential indicator warning See “W1 010000: Potential indicator warning” on
page 6-7.
Power fail data save error See “E2 200000: Power fail data save error” on
page 6-5.
Pulse profiling wrap imminent The pulse profiling log is within 2 days of overflowing.
event Data will be lost if the pulse profiling log is not read
within 2 days.
Rate override warning The current TOU rate is being overridden by the
alternate TOU rate schedule.
Reverse energy flow warning See “W1 000100: Reverse energy flow warning” on
page 6-7.
Service current test failure See “W2 000002: Service current test failure warning”
warning on page 6-7.
Service voltage test failure The service voltage test was unable to find a valid
warning service or the measured service does not match the
locked service.
Technical manual 5-6 Outputs
Output specifications
The LEDs support up to 120 pulses per second.The pulse width is fixed at 8 msec.
Depending on the operating mode of the meter, the LEDs are programmed at the factory to
emit a pulse as follows:
Table 5-3. Transformer rated meter LED output specifications
Operating mode Pulse rate Pulse divisor
Normal 5000 pulses/kWh or 5000 pulses/kvarh 8
Alternate 5000 pulses/kWh or 5000 pulses/kvar 8
Test 40,000 pulses/kWh or 40,000 pulses/kvarh 1
6 Testing
A1800 ALPHA meters are factory calibrated and tested to provide years of trouble-free
service. No field calibrations or adjustments are required to ensure accurate operation of
the meter. It is normal, however, to test installed A1800 ALPHA meters periodically to
ensure accurate billing.
The A1800 ALPHA meter performs its own self tests. Additionally, the system
instrumentation and TRueQ features provide valuable information about the meter service.
See Chapter 4, “Meter tools,” for more information about the instrumentation and power
quality features of the meter.
Testing procedures are the same regardless of the type of meter being tested.
• For LCD errors and warnings, see “Codes and warnings” on page 6-2.
• For relay alarms, see “Relay-related alarms” on page 5-4.
The meter self test will be performed automatically under the following conditions:
• when the meter is initially installed and after any power restoration
• at midnight
• immediately after a data-altering communication session
The self test incorporates a series of electronic analyses verifying many aspects of the
A1800 ALPHA meter. Continuity checks and communications checks are made between
various key circuits of the electronics, and parity checks are made of memory and data
locations. After the meter passes its self test upon power restoration, all of the LCD
segments will be turned on briefly before beginning the normal display sequence. The
following is a list of the specific tests performed during a self test:
• error codes
• warning codes
• communication codes
The A1800 ALPHA meter displays error codes and warnings as an indication of a problem
that may be adversely affecting its operation. The meter will continue to function as
normally as possible when displaying an error or warning. The ✱ and RESET buttons
operate differently if an error or warning is displayed. See “Push buttons” on page 3-4 for
information on how the push buttons operate when an error or warning is displayed.
Error codes indicate conditions that may be affecting billing data. It is not recommended to
operate the A1800 ALPHA meter for an extended time when it is displaying an error code.
Warning codes indicate conditions that may be of concern but do not affect the integrity of
billing data.
Error codes. Error codes override any other item that is being displayed on the LCD. Using
Elster support software, error codes can be configured to “lock” the display, preventing
other items from being displayed, and the error indicator turns on. There are exceptions to
errors locking the display:
• The normal and alternate display sequence can be viewed even when an error code
locks the display. See “✱ button” on page 3-5 for more information.
• Warning codes can be programmed to display an error code. When the condition
causing the warning code is clear, the error code is no longer displayed. See “E3
300000: Display locked by warning” on page 6-5 for more information.
Communication codes are temporarily displayed on the LCD even when the LCD is “locked”
by an error code. After the communication code clears, LCD returns to showing the error
code.
Error codes are indicated on the LCD by a group code and a numerical code. The group
code makes it easier to identify the error on the LCD. The numerical code indicates the
specific condition that has occurred. See Figure 6-1 for a sample error code displayed on
the meter LCD. Table 6-1 through Table 6-3 describe the different error conditions and their
codes.
+P
L1 L2 L3
Technical manual 6-3 Testing
Error codes of the same group are displayed in combination (E1 001010, for example),
indicating that more than one error condition has been detected. If errors exist in more
than one group, the meter will continually cycle through the different groups. Any
problems must be corrected before normal operation can continue. In some cases, the
meter may need to be reprogrammed or returned to the factory for repair or replacement.
E1 000001: Carryover error. This code indicates a failure of a RAM checksum test on data
stored in the meter’s volatile RAM during a power outage. When a loss of line voltage
occurs, the meter’s RAM is maintained by the super capacitor and the TOU battery. If both
of these fail, the data stored in RAM is lost. Billing data is stored in nonvolatile EEPROM and
will still be available.1 The push buttons and communications ports will function normally.
Since shipping can take several days, this error will likely be seen on meters
shipped without a connected battery.
The meter battery may need to be replaced, and the error will need to be reset through
Elster meter support software. If the error code is still shown after using Elster meter
support software, the meter must be returned to the factory for repair or replacement.
1 Billing data is
always stored in nonvolatile memory. Depending on meter configuration, other data may be stored in RAM,
which uses a battery to preserve memory. If the battery fails, this data would be lost.
Technical manual 6-4 Testing
E1 000010: Crystal oscillator error. This codes indicates a problem with the crystal oscillator.
The A1800 ALPHA meter must be returned to the factory for repair or replacement.
E1 000100: Table CRC error. This code indicates a possible error in the A1800 ALPHA
meter’s programming. This code might appear if a communications interruption occurs
during meter programming. Depending on which area of the meter is affected, billing data
may not be reliably accumulated while this error condition exists. The push buttons and
optical port will continue to function normally.
Reprogramming the meter with Elster meter support software may correct the problem. If
the error code is displayed after reprogramming, the A1800 ALPHA meter should be
returned to the factory for repair or replacement.
E1 001000: Internal communication error. This code indicates the meter had an internal
communication error. The A1800 ALPHA meter must be returned to the factory for repair or
replacement.
E1 010000: EEPROM access error. This code indicates the meter had a problem accessing
its nonvolatile EEPROM. The A1800 ALPHA meter should be returned to the factory for
repair or replacement.
E1 100000: General configuration error. This code indicates a problem with the meter’s
configuration or program. The meter can usually be reprogrammed using Elster meter
support software to correct the errors.
E2 000002: Security configuration error. This code indicates an error is present in the
meter’s security configuration. Contact Elster if this error is displayed on the LCD.
If this error occurs, the meter is vulnerable to tampering. Prompt correction of the
error will maximize the A1800 ALPHA meter’s security protection.
E2 000020: Password table CRC error. This code indicates a CRC error is present in the
meter’s ANSI C12.21 password configuration table. Contact Elster if this error is displayed
on the LCD.
If this error occurs, the meter is vulnerable to tampering. Prompt correction of the
error will maximize the A1800 ALPHA meter’s security protection.
E2 000200: Encryption key table CRC error. This code indicates a CRC error is present in the
meter’s ANSI C12.19 encryption key configuration table. Encryption keys are used for secure
access to the meter’s data and configuration through the remote communication port.
Contact Elster if this error is displayed on the LCD.
If this error occurs, the meter is vulnerable to tampering. Prompt correction of the
error will maximize the A1800 ALPHA meter’s security protection.
E2 020000: ROM fail error. This code indicates an incomplete attempt to flash the meter
firmware. This code will exist on the meter if Elster firmware flash software did not
complete the upgrade process. All meter functionality is halted until this error is resolved.
Use Elster firmware flash software to attempt repair. If this fails, the meter must be returned
to the factory for repair or replacement.
Technical manual 6-5 Testing
E2 200000: Power fail data save error. This code indicates that the data saved in the
nonvolatile EEPROM during a power fail may be invalid. This error will be displayed when
power is restored to the meter, and a self check has discovered an error with the EEPROM
data. The A1800 ALPHA meter must be returned to the factory for repair or replacement.
E3 030000: Clock error. This code indicates an error with the meter’s timekeeping ability.
When a carryover error occurs (see “E1 000001: Carryover error” on page 6-3), reference to
real time is lost. The meter battery may need to be replaced, and the error will need to be
reset through Elster meter support software. If the error code is still present, the meter must
be returned to the factory for repair or replacement.
TOU features cannot be performed when time is lost. Previously accumulated data is
stored in nonvolatile EEPROM and will still be available.
E3 300000: Display locked by warning. This code indicates that one or more warning
codes (see “Warning codes” on page 6-5) has locked the display. The A1800 ALPHA meter
can be programmed to lock the display if a warning condition is present. Elster meter
support software is used to select the individual warnings that will cause this error code to
display. If the condition causing the warning clears, the error code will also clear.
Warning codes. Warning codes indicate conditions of concern that do not yet affect the
integrity of billing data. When the condition is present, a warning code is automatically
inserted as the last item in the normal and alternate display sequences. When the
condition clears, the warning code, is removed from the display sequence. Elster meter
support software can be used to select individual warnings that will lock the display as an
error. See “Error codes” on page 6-2 for more information.
Warning codes are indicated on the LCD by a group code and a numerical code. The
group code makes it easier to identify the error on the LCD. The numeric code indicates the
specific condition that has occurred. See Figure 6-2 for a sample warning code displayed
on the LCD. Table 6-4 and Table 6-5 describe the different warning conditions and their
codes.
+P
L1 L2 L3
Warning codes of the same group are displayed in combination (for example,
W2 202000), indicating that one or more warning conditions are present. If warnings
exist in more than one group, the meter displays each group at the end of the display
sequence before returning to the first item in the display sequence.
W1 000001: Low battery warning. This warning code indicates a low battery voltage or
missing battery. A1800 ALPHA meters having realtime TOU functionality require a battery to
maintain date and time over an extended power outage.
For timekeeping configurations, the meter should be de-energized and the battery should
be replaced. Once the new battery has been installed and the meter is energized, the
code is automatically cleared. See “Removing the battery” on page 7-6 and “Installing a
TOU battery” on page 7-3 for instructions on replacing batteries.
Note: In addition, the low battery indicator will display on the LCD (see “Low battery
indicator” on page 3-3).
W1 000010: Improper meter engine operation warning. This code indicates that the meter
engine program may be corrupt or is not executing correctly. This warning condition is
typically triggered when the microcontroller reinitializes the meter engine. An unstable or
noisy electrical environment at the A1800 ALPHA meter installation can interfere with this
operation.
If the meter engine is successfully reinitialized, then the warning code will be automatically
cleared from the LCD. If the code continues to be displayed on the LCD, the A1800 ALPHA
meter should be returned to the factory for repair or replacement.
Technical manual 6-7 Testing
W1 000100: Reverse energy flow warning. This warning code indicates that reverse energy
flow has been detected equivalent to twice the Kh since the last reset. It may be an
indication of tampering with the A1800 ALPHA meter installation. If reverse energy flow is
expected, then this warning code can be disabled through Elster meter support software. If
the service being metered is not expected to return energy to the utility, further
investigation is required. In some cases, it may be necessary to return the A1800 ALPHA
meter to the factory for repair or replacement.
The code is automatically cleared when the phase potential returns a value within the
programmed thresholds.
W1 100000: Demand overload warning. This code indicates that the demand value
exceeded the programmed overload value. It is generally intended to inform a utility when
the installation is requiring more power than the service equipment was originally
designed to handle.
If the demand overload value has been set lower than appropriate for the installation, the
A1800 ALPHA meter may be reprogrammed with a higher threshold value.
• the service current test is performed again and the test does not fail
• issuing the clear values and status command through Elster meter support software
W2 000200: Demand threshold exceeded warning. This code indicates that the demand
has exceeded one of the programmed demand thresholds. This warning follows the state
of any relay programmed for demand threshold operation. It is set once the demand
threshold has been exceeded and only cleared after one complete demand interval
during which the threshold is not exceeded.
W2 002000: Line frequency warning. If a meter is configured to use the line frequency
instead of the crystal oscillator as the time base, this code indicates that the line frequency
is off by ±5 % of its programmed setting. When this condition occurs, the meter switches
timekeeping to the crystal oscillator.
The code will be automatically cleared once the line frequency returns to within 5 % of the
nominal frequency. This warning will never appear on meters configured for constant
timekeeping operation from the internal crystal.
W2 020000: TRueQ test failure warning. This code indicates that one or more TRueQ tests
have detected a value outside the programmed thresholds. Use the meter system
instrumentation displays or Elster meter support software to gain additional information on
the specific TRueQ test causing the problem.
The code will be automatically cleared once TRueQ conditions return to a value within the
programmed thresholds.
Technical manual 6-8 Testing
W2 200000: End of calendar warning. This code indicates that the meter calendar has
expired or is about to expire. The date at which this code appears is configurable using
Elster meter support software. Program a new calendar using Elster meter support
software.
W3 000030: Read without Power mode active. This code indicates that the meter is
operating in the Read without Power mode. The meter has limited functionality while in this
mode (see “Read without Power mode” on page 3-9 for more information). This code is
cleared automatically when the meter exits the Read without Power mode.
Communication codes. Communication codes temporarily override any other item that
is being displayed on the LCD (including error codes). Communication codes are indicated
on the LCD by a port code and a numerical code. The port code identifies the affected port.
The numerical code indicates the status of the communication session. See Figure 6-3 for
a sample communication code displayed on the meter’s LCD. See Table 6-7 for the
communication codes that can be displayed.
+P
L1 L2 L3
For most communication errors, Elster recommends you attempt the communication
again. You may need to cycle power to the A1800 ALPHA meter or to reattempt the Elster
meter support software function. If communication errors persist, return the meter to the
factory for repair or replacement.
Technical manual 6-9 Testing
Test equipment
Typically, meter shops develop testing procedures specific to their own needs and have the
test equipment needed. Below is a list of standard test equipment required for testing the
A1800 ALPHA meter:
• a stable mounting fixture for the meter and a means to temporarily make the proper
power connections to the meter
• a reliable power supply that should be able to do the following:
• provide a voltage source for energizing the meter at its rated voltage (if desired,
the meter can be tested using a lower source voltage if that voltage is within the
wide operating voltage range of the A1800 ALPHA meter)
• provide a variable load current at unity power factor (PF)
• provide a variable load current at a lagging power factor for varh testing; the
power supply should be capable of delivering load current at PF = 0.0 (90 °
lagging) or PF = 0.5 (60 ° lagging)
• a precision Wh reference standard with ±0.002 % accuracy
• a precision varh reference standard with ±0.002 % accuracy
• a phantom load device or other loading circuit capable of handling the test
current
• one of the following:
• a photoelectric pickup to sense test pulses from the LED and a device capable of
counting pulses
• a low voltage (12 VDC to 24 VDC), low-power pulse sensor to capture and count
pulses from the meter output relay (the pulse sensor should provide a low voltage
source to the pulsing relay as well as detect and count contact closures of the
output relay)
• test equipment for measuring, counting, and timing pulse outputs
• control equipment that can provide switching between the meter source voltage and
precision reference standard
• precision voltage and current transformers
• voltmeters, ammeters, phase angle meters, power factor meters, and any other
measuring equipment that might be required
Test setup
Before testing the A1800 ALPHA meter, check the nameplate for the following:
Meter testing
Since no adjustments are required for the A1800 ALPHA meter in the field, meter testing is
done primarily to verify that the meter is operating within its specifications. Typically, meter
specifications are verified by checking the meter calibration. The accuracy of the
A1800 ALPHA meter remains consistent over a wide range of ambient temperatures.
Nevertheless, for precise test results, meters should be tested in an environment where the
meter and test equipment are at the same ambient temperature, ideally 22 °C (72 °F).
The test voltage should be applied to the meter for at least ten seconds prior to making test
measurements. This allows the power supply circuitry to stabilize. When testing meters for
Class 0.2 accuracy, a test cycle time of at least one minute is recommended at In and with
PF = 1.0. When using current values lower than In for testing, test errors may occur because
not enough time is allowed for the test. When using a lower test In, increase the test time
proportionally.
The preferred test method is to apply full 3-phase voltage and current to both the meter
and the precision reference standard. Nevertheless, if required, polyphase meters can be
tested with single phase loading. Single phase loading is done by connecting the voltage
inputs in parallel and the current sensors in series to combine element operation. The
accuracy test results for single phase and polyphase loading will be virtually identical and
well within A1800 ALPHA meter specifications.
Using relay outputs for testing. The relay outputs can be used instead of the LED to test
meter calibration. To do so, the relay outputs need to be configured for pulse output. When
using the relay outputs for testing, testing time should exceed 20 seconds for accurate
results at normal test current values of Ib or In. If more accurate testing is required, use
longer testing times. If precision testing is required, testing times should be as long as it
takes to attain a stable accuracy level when comparing the meter under test to the
precision standard. The testing time may vary because of the characteristics of the
precision reference standard and the amount of power flowing through the test circuits.
Some experimentation may be required to determine the testing time needed to reach a
stable accuracy level.
Using LCD pulse count for testing. For test shops that do not have photoelectric pulse
sensors and related counters and do not want to use relay outputs for testing, the LCD can
provide a pulse count that reflects the energy measured during a test. Use the LCD pulse
count to determine the energy measured during the test cycle and compare it with the
energy delivered by precision reference standard.
Technical manual 6-11 Testing
Wiring a portable device into an energized metering circuit must be done with
extreme care, using only authorized procedures. If high voltage connected
current transformers are accidentally open circuited, the voltages at the
secondary open terminals can rise to the primary voltage level, creating an
extremely hazardous condition, leading to possible property damage, personnel
injury or death.
To test the meter using the LCD pulse count, the meter display must be configured to
display a test pulse count. Use the Elster meter support software to communicate to the
meter through the optical port and place it in test mode. In test mode, the LCD display can
be cycled to display the pulse count accumulated during a test cycle. After meter testing is
complete, use the meter software to restore the meter to normal mode.
If a meter is programmed to display energy pulse counts when it is in the alternate display
mode, a similar procedure also can be used to test a meter while it is in service at a
customer site. When testing a meter in service, follow the safety procedures specified by
the utility. Wire a portable precision reference standard into the circuit in series with the
billing meter. After the portable precision reference standard is in the circuit, the energy
value determined from the pulse count displayed on the LCD over the test interval can be
compared with the energy value displayed on the portable reference standard. If this test
method is used while the meter is in alternate mode, any energy consumed by the
customer during the test is registered in the normal manner.
Technical manual 6-12 Testing
Technical manual 7-1 Installation and removal
Preliminary inspection
The A1800 ALPHA meter is calibrated and tested at the factory, and it is ready for
installation. Follow proper installation and removal procedures for personal safety and
protection of the meter.
Before installing and applying power to the A1800 ALPHA meter, a quick inspection of the
meter itself is recommended. Check for some of the following items:
Make sure to install the correct meter for the service type, maximum current, and
capacity required. Always verify that the maximum meter voltage and current
ratings are equal to or greater than the maximum service voltage and current.
Installing inappropriate meters can damage equipment.
To use the A1800 ALPHA meter effectively and safely, follow this procedure:
1. Make sure that the meter hanger, located on the base of the A1800 ALPHA meter, is
in the desired position. Sliding the hanger down to the hidden position will hide the
top supporting screw.
2. Use at least an M6 screw for the top supporting position and hang the meter on it,
making sure it is level. The meter will operate correctly in any position, but failing to
mount the meter in a proper vertical position will place the other mounting holes at
the wrong place on the mounting panel.
3. Use at least an M6 screw in each of the bottom supporting screws to secure the
A1800 ALPHA meter enclosure; the mounting holes are 7.1 mm (0.28 inches) in
diameter.
Before wiring the meter into the power circuit, use authorized utility procedures
to install proper ground connections on all appropriate VT and CT circuits and on
the meter ground terminals. Also, be certain that CTs on energized lines are
securely short-circuited either with circuit-closing test switches or with properly
installed conductors. Dangerous voltages can be present. Personal injury, death,
or equipment damage can result from wiring an ungrounded meter or
mishandling improperly grounded metering transformer circuits.
A1800 ALPHA meter terminals are designed for optimum use with copper wiring.
For direct connect-rated meters, aluminum wiring can be used but if so, it is
extremely important to use proper aluminum wiring practices. Aluminum wiring
compound or wiring paste (grease) should be used when attaching the bottom-
connected terminals. Tighten the connections, allow them to relax for a few
minutes, then tighten them again. This will minimize the cold-flow effects of
aluminum cable. Failure to observe correct practices for installing aluminum
wiring could lead to overheating of the terminals, equipment failures, or
damaging fires. Where possible, Elster recommends copper-compatible meter
terminals and aluminum wire. Such adapters also can provide for use or larger
aluminum conductors that can be otherwise used in the terminals of the
A1800 ALPHA meter.
5. Ensure that primary or system voltages are either disconnected from a power source
or that utility safety practices for handling live circuits are strictly followed.
6. If applicable, ensure that any current transformers are de-energized with no high-
voltage primary voltage connected to their primaries and no primary current
circulating through them. If primary current and voltage are present in the current
transformers, it is extremely important to verify that safety shorting connections are in
Technical manual 7-3 Installation and removal
Screw mounts
Before installing the battery, the A1800 ALPHA meter must have been energized for at least
1 minute within the preceding 60 minutes. This ensures that the supercapacitor is properly
charged and that the battery is not immediately drained upon installation. If this is not
done, then the battery may be damaged and the meter may not function correctly. While
the meter is powered, verify that the LCD is active and functioning.
Technical manual 7-4 Installation and removal
1. If the meter has not been energized for at least 1 minute during the previous 60
minutes, energize the meter for 1 minute.
If the meter has been energized for at least 1 minute during the previous 60 minutes,
proceed to step 2.
2. De-energize the meter.
3. Remove the terminal cover screws and seals.
4. Remove the terminal cover to expose the battery well.
Figure 7-2. Battery well and connector
TOU battery
5. Slide the battery leads into the connector to the right of the battery well.
6. Place the battery firmly in the battery well.
7. Replace the terminal cover.
8. Energize the meter and verify that the LCD becomes active and functioning properly.
Verify that the low battery symbol on the meter LCD is not displayed. See “Indicators
and controls” on page 3-1 for details.
9. Replace the terminal cover screws and seals.
10. Reprogram the meter or clear the errors (as necessary).
Troubleshooting.
Not following this procedure can cause the meter to function improperly. In case
a battery has been installed correctly and the meter is not functioning properly (for
example, display is blank but the meter is powered), use the following procedure.
1. De-energize the meter and let it sit without power for 48 to 72 hours. This provides
sufficient time for the supercapacitor to discharge and for the microcontroller to shut
down.1
2. Energize the meter for at least 1 minute. The microcontroller should power up
correctly and the supercapacitor will charge. Verify that the LCD becomes active and
functioning correctly.
3. De-energize the meter and insert the battery, following the instructions earlier in this
section.
If the meter still does not function properly, then it should be returned to the factory.
Initial setup
After installing and powering the A1800 ALPHA meter, verify the following:
• The system service voltage test (if enabled) shows the valid service for this
installation. The phase rotation, service voltage, and service type should be indicated
on the LCD. Other validation information can be obtained using the system
instrumentation display quantities.
• All potential indicators (from L1 to L3 depending on the wiring) are present and are
not blinking. A blinking indicator means that the phase is missing the required
voltage or is below the programmed minimum voltage threshold value.
• The LEDs are blinking and the energy direction indicators on the LCD show the correct
energy flow direction.
• Required meter seals are in place.
• Any information (such as registration and location of the meter) has been recorded.
If the meter is not working correctly after it has been installed, then check for
improper installation or wiring. If the installation and wiring are correct, then verify
these other areas:
If it becomes necessary to remove an A1800 ALPHA meter from service, use the following
procedure:
1. Before disconnecting the meter, make sure that the existing meter data has been
copied, either manually or electronically using Elster meter support software.
2. Remove the voltage and disconnect the current circuits.
3. Break the seal holding the A1800 ALPHA meter terminal cover in place.
4. Remove the terminal cover screws and take off the terminal cover.
5. Disconnect the wiring.
6. Remove the lower supporting screws.
7. Lift the meter off the top supporting screw.
Use the following procedure to remove a battery from an A1800 ALPHA meter:
8 Loss compensation
Introduction
A means for correcting the reading of a meter when the metering point and the point
of service are physically separated resulting in measurable losses including I2R
losses in conductors and transformers, and iron-core losses. These losses may be
added to, or subtracted from the meter registration.1
For example, it may be desirable to measure the energy usage on the low voltage side of
a distribution transformer that serves an industrial customer even though the end-point
customer actually owns the transformer and is responsible for any transformer losses. In
this case, the utility billing point is actually the high voltage side of the transformer. Using
loss compensation, the meter on the low voltage side of the transformer can actively adjust
the energy registration to account for the losses in the transformer.
Availability
The loss compensation functionality is available only on the following CT-connected
A1800 ALPHA meter configurations:
• 2-element
• 3-element
Software support
A meter with loss compensation must first be programmed with the proper utility rate
configuration using Elster meter support software just as you would with any other
A1800 ALPHA meter. Next, a special programming step is performed to load the proper
loss constants into the meter. This is done with special Windows-based software titled
A1800 ALPHA Meter Loss Compensation Tool.
Parameter Description
%LWFe Iron watts correction percentage
%LWCu Copper watts correction percentage
%LVFe Iron vars correction percentage
%LVCu Copper vars correction percentage
1 Edison Electric
Institute, Handbook for Electricity Metering, 10th edition, Washington, DC: Edison Electric Institute, 2002, p. 16.
Technical manual 8-2 Loss compensation
Parameter Description
Meter current Meter current when power transformer is operating at
maximum rating
Meter voltage Meter voltage when power transformer is operating at rated
voltage
These values must be calculated on the basis of the power transformer test report and, if
line losses are to be included, the characteristics of the primary/secondary conductors at
the specific site in question. The following sections describe these calculations.
• If the meter is located on the secondary side of the power transformer, then the rated
voltage and rated current used in the calculations must be secondary values.
• If the meter is located on the primary side of the power transformer, then the rated
voltage and rated current used in the calculations must be primary values.
Parameter Description
KVArated Rated kVA of power transformer
Vpri L-L Primary line-to-line voltage of power transformer
Vsec L-L Secondary line-to-line voltage of power transformer
LWCu Full load watts loss of power transformer (copper or winding
losses)
LWFe No load watts loss of power transformer (iron or core losses)
%EXC Percent excitation current of the power transformer
%Z Percent impedance of the power transformer
CTR Current transformer ratio for instrument transformers supplying
current to the meter
VTR Voltage transformer ratio for instrument transformers supplying
voltage to the meter
Elements Number of meter elements (use 3- for all 2 ½-element meters)
Note: There may be one 3-phase transformer or a bank of three single phase
transformers. If there are three single phase transformers then test data is needed
for all three.
Parameter Description
VAphase Per phase VA rating of power transformer
Vsec rated Rated secondary voltage of power transformer
Isec rated Rated secondary current of power transformer
Vpri rated Rated primary voltage of power transformer
Technical manual 8-3 Loss compensation
Parameter Description
Ipri rated Rated primary current of power transformer
LWFe No load watt loss of power transformer (loss watt iron)
LWCu Full load watt loss of power transformer (loss watt copper)
LVAFe No load VA loss of power transformer (loss VA iron)
LVACu Full load VA loss of power transformer (loss VA copper)
LVFe No load var loss of power transformer (loss var iron)
LVCu Full load var loss of power transformer (loss var copper)
Parameter Equation
VAphase If bank of 3 transformers
VA phase = KVArated × 1000
Note: For a bank of three single phase transformers the below calculations should be
performed independently for each transformer and then summed to obtain the
total losses.
LWFe Take directly from power transformer test report.
LWCu Take directly from power transformer test report.
Technical manual 8-4 Loss compensation
Parameter Equation
LVAFe
⎛ %EXC ⎞
kVArated × 1000 × ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 100 ⎠
LVACu
⎛ %Z ⎞
kVArated × 1000 × ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 100 ⎠
LVFe
LVAFe 2 - LWFe 2
LVCu
LVCu 2 - LWCu 2
Step 2. If it is desired to compensate for line losses then calculate the full load watt line
loss and the full load var line loss values (see next section for details on line loss
calculation).
Parameter Description
LiWTOT Total full load watt line loss (line loss watt)
LiVTOT Total full load var line loss (line loss var)
Step 3. Calculate the per element % correction factors, the meter voltage, and the meter
current. These are the values that must be entered into the loss compensation software to
configure the meter properly.
• If the meter is on the primary side of the power transformer, then Vrated = Vpri rated
and Irated = Ipri rated.
• If the meter is on the secondary side of the power transformer, then Vrated = Vsec rated
and Irated = Isec rated.
Parameter Equation
%LWFe
LWFe × 100
Vrated × I rated × Elements
%LWCu
(LWCu + LiWTOT )× 100
Vrated × I rated × Elements
%LVFe
LVFe × 100
Vrated × I rated × Elements
Technical manual 8-5 Loss compensation
Parameter Equation
%LVCu
(LVCu + LiVTOT )× 100
Vrated × I rated × Elements
Meter current
I rated
CTR
Meter voltage
Vrated
VTR
Parameter Description
f Frequency
n Number of conductors
L Line length (units compatible with conductor resistance)
Ra Conductor resistance (Ω/meter or Ω/kilometer)
GMR1 Geometric mean radius of the phase conductors (in meters)
Xa1 Inductive reactance of the conductor at 1ft. spacing (Ω/meter or
Ω/kilometer)
1 Either GMR or X
a is required, but not both. The available information determines which
is used in the calculations.
The equations below should be applied individually to the primary and the secondary
conductors.
Parameter Description
RL Line resistance (Ω)
XL Line reactance (Ω)
Deq Geometric mean distance between phase conductors (in
meters)
DL1,L2 Distance between Line 1 and Line 2 (in meters)
DL2,L3 Distance between Line 2 and Line 3 (in meters)
DL3,L1 Distance between Line 3 and Line 1 (in meters)
Technical manual 8-6 Loss compensation
Parameter Equation
RL
L × Ra
Calculating the reactive component of the impedance is not as straight forward as the
resistance calculation, and the calculation depends on the wiring configuration. The most
common configuration is one where the wires are unbundled and the spacing between
wires is uniform. Other types of wiring, such as bundled conductors, will not be discussed
in this document. Two equations can be used to calculate line reactance. The choice of
which equation to use is based on the whether GMR or Xa is available.
Item Equation
XL If using GMR
⎛ f ⎞ ⎛ Deq ⎞
L × 0.2794 × ⎜ ⎟ × Log ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 60 ⎠ ⎝ GMR ⎠
If using Xa
⎧ ⎡ ⎛ f ⎞ ⎤⎫
L × ⎨ X a + ⎢0.2794 × ⎜ ⎟ × LogDeq ⎥ ⎬
⎩ ⎣ ⎝ 60 ⎠ ⎦⎭
where:
Deq = 3 DL 1,L 2 × D L 2 ,L 3 × DL 3 ,L 1
Item Description
LiWTOT Total full load watt line loss (line loss watt)
LiVTOT Total full load var line loss (line loss var)
Vpri L-L Primary line-to-line voltage of power transformer
Vsec L-L Secondary line-to-line voltage of power transformer
Ipri rated Rated primary current of power transformer
Isec rated Rated secondary current of power transformer
Note: Vpri L-L, Vsec L-L, Ipri rated, and Isec rated are the same values as used in calculation
of transformer losses (see previous section).
When compensating for both transformer and line losses:
Item Equation
LiWsec
I sec2 rated × RL sec × n
LiVsec
I sec2 rated × X L sec × n
LiWpri
rated × R L pri × n
2
I pri
Technical manual 8-7 Loss compensation
Item Equation
LiVpri
rated × X L pri × n
2
I pri
LiWTOT
LiW sec + LiW pri
LiVTOT
LiV sec + LiV pri
Note: In the special case that you are compensating only for line loss (no transformer
losses), then the values for Ipri rated and Isec rated must be directly specified by the
user. Typically, these two values will be inversely proportional to the rated
secondary and primary voltages of the power transformer. That is,
Step 3. If compensating for both transformer and line losses, return to Step 3 of the
previous section using the above calculated line losses to help calculate the %LWCu and
%LVCu values.
If compensating only for line losses use the following equations to calculate the per
element % correction factors, the meter voltage and the meter current for entry in the loss
compensation software.
Parameter Equation
%LWFe 0
%LWCu
LiWTOT × 100
Vrated × I rated × Elements
%LVFe 0
%LVCu
LiVTOT × 100
Vrated × I rated × Elements
Meter current
I rated
CTR
Meter voltage
Vrated
VTR
Technical manual 8-8 Loss compensation
Calculation example
The following example can be used as a guideline. This is based on the sample
transformer data for loss compensation shown in chapter 10 of the Handbook for Electricity
Metering (10th edition).2
Application notes:
Parameter Value
Line 1 Line 2 Line 3
KVArated 3333 3333 3333
Vpri L-L 115000 115000 115000
Vsec L-L 2520 2520 2520
LWCu 18935 18400 18692
LWFe 9650 9690 9340
%EXC 1.00 1.06 0.91
%Z 8.16 8.03 8.12
Parameter Value
CTR
3000
= 600
5
VTR
2400
= 20
120
Meter data:
Parameter Value
Elements 2
2 Edison Electric Institute, Handbook for Electricity Metering, tenth edition, Washington, DC: Edison Electric Institute, 2002, Chapter
Because the metering is on the secondary side of the power transformer, all references to
rated voltage and rated current refer to the secondary rated values.
Parameter Description
VAphase bank of three transformers:
V sec L - L = 2520
Phase 1. Calculations
Parameter Value
LWFe 9650
LWCu 18935
LVAFe
⎛ %EXC ⎞
kVArated × 1000 × ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 100 ⎠
⎛ 1.00 ⎞
3333 × 1000 × ⎜ ⎟ = 33 ,330
⎝ 100 ⎠
LVACu
⎛ %Z ⎞
kVArated × 1000 × ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 100 ⎠
⎛ 8.16 ⎞
3333 × 1000 × ⎜ ⎟ = 271 ,973
⎝ 100 ⎠
LVFe
LVFe 2 - LWFe 2
35 ,330 2 − 9690 2 = 33 ,975
LVCu
LVACu 2 - LWCu 2
271 ,923 2 − 18 ,935 2 = 271 ,313
Phase 2. Calculations
Parameter Value
LWFe 9690
LWCu 18400
Technical manual 8-10 Loss compensation
Parameter Value
LVAFe
⎛ % EXC ⎞
kVArated × 1000 × ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 100 ⎠
⎛ 1.06 ⎞
3333 × 1000 × ⎜ ⎟ = 35 ,330
⎝ 100 ⎠
LVACu
⎛%Z ⎞
kVArated × 1000 × ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 100 ⎠
⎛ 8.03 ⎞
3333 × 1000 × ⎜ ⎟ = 267 ,640
⎝ 100 ⎠
LVFe
LVAFe 2 - LWFe 2
35 ,330 2 − 9690 2 = 33 ,975
LVCu
LVACu 2 - LWCu 2
267 ,640 2 − 18 ,400 2 = 267 ,007
Phase 3. Calculations
Parameter Value
LWFe 9340
LWCu 18,692
LVAFe
⎛ % EXC ⎞
kVArated × 1000 × ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 100 ⎠
⎛ 0.91 ⎞
3333 × 1000 × ⎜ ⎟ = 30 ,330
⎝ 100 ⎠
LVACu
⎛ %Z ⎞
kVArated × 1000 × ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 100 ⎠
⎛ 8.12 ⎞
3333 × 1000 × ⎜ ⎟ = 270 ,640
⎝ 100 ⎠
LVFe
LVAFe 2 - LWFe 2
33 ,330 2 − 9340 2 = 28 ,856
Technical manual 8-11 Loss compensation
Parameter Value
LVCu
LVACu 2 - LWCu 2
270 ,640 2 − 18 ,692 2 = 269 ,993
Parameter Value
LWFe 9650 + 9690 + 9340 = 28,680
LWCu 18,935 + 18,400 + 18,692 = 56,027
LVAFe 33,330 + 35,330 + 30,330 = 98,990
LVACu 271,973 + 267,640 + 270,640 = 810,253
LVFe 31,902 + 33,975 + 28,856 = 94,734
LVCu 271,313 + 267,007 + 269,993 = 808,313
Parameter Value
LiWTOT 0
LiVTOT 0
Parameter Value
%LWFe
LWFe × 100
Vrated × I rated × Elements
28 ,680 × 100
= 0.2484
2520 × 229084 × 2
%LWCu
(LWCu + LiWTOT )× 100
Vrated × I rated × Elements
56 ,027 × 100
= 0.4853
2520 × 2290.84 × 2
%LVFe
LVFe × 100
Vrated × I rated × Elements
94 ,734 × 100
= 0.8205
2520 × 2290.84 × 2
Technical manual 8-12 Loss compensation
Parameter Value
%LVCu
(LVCu + LiVTOT )×
Vrated × I rated × Elements
808 ,313 × 100
= 7.0009
2520 × 2290.84 × 2
Meter current
I rated 2290.84
= = 3.82 A
CTR 600
Meter voltage
Vrated 2520
= = 126 V
VTR 20
Enter Data
Summary of calculated values to enter in A1800 ALPHA Meter Loss Compensation Tool
Parameter Value
Registration Add losses
Iron watts correction % (%LWFe) 0.2484
Copper watts correction % (%LWCu) 0.4853
Iron vars correction % (%LVFe) 0.8205
Copper vars correction % (%LVCu) 7.0009
Meter current 3.82
Meter voltage 126
When loss compensation is turned on, additional calculations are performed. Every two
line cycles on each phase, the Vrms and Irms values used in the normal energy calculations
are also used to calculate a watt compensation value and a var compensation value. The
following equations indicate the compensation terms that are calculated and applied to
the normal energy measurements every two line cycles.
Technical manual 8-13 Loss compensation
For a 3-element meter, watts and vars are compensated every two line cycles according to
the following equations:
Compensation Equation
W
(
R × I L1 meas 2 + I L2 meas 2 + I L3 meas 2 + )
G × (V L1 meas
2
+ V L2 meas 2 + Vc meas 2 )
var
(
X × I L1 meas 2 + I L2 meas 2 + I L3 meas 2 + )
B × (V L1 meas
4
+ V L2 meas + Vc meas
4 4
)
For a 2-element meter, watts and vars are compensated every two line cycles according to
the following equations:
Compensation Equation
W
(
R × I L1 meas 2 + I L3 meas 2 + )
G × (V L1 meas
2
+ Vc meas 2
)
var
(
X × I L1 meas 2 + I L3 meas 2 + )
B × (V L1 meas
4
+ Vc meas 4 )
Where:
Term Description
R Per element resistance
G Per element conductance
X Per element reactance
B Per element susceptance
Ixmeas Per phase rms current
Vxmeas Per phase rms voltage
The A1800 ALPHA Meter Loss Compensation Tool calculates R, G, X, and B using the
following formulas and then programs these values into the meter.
Item Equation
R
%LWCu × Meter voltage
Meter current × 100
Technical manual 8-14 Loss compensation
Item Equation
G
%LWFe × Meter current
Meter voltage × 100
X
%LVCu × Meter voltage
Meter current × 100
B
%LVFe × Meter current
(Meter voltage )3 × 100
The compensation terms will be either positive or negative depending on whether losses
are configured to be added or subtracted from the energy measurements. So, the key
difference on meters with loss compensation is that every two line cycles on each phase,
the calculated W compensation value is summed with the normal Wh energy calculations.
Similarly, the var compensation term is summed per phase every two line cycles with the
normal varh energy calculations. From that point everything is essentially the same
(individual phases are then summed to drive an accumulator).
Note regarding two-element meters: Two-element ALPHA meters are unique in that they
create an artificial internal reference that is used to measure the phase voltages. For
example, line 3 experiences a loss of voltage while the meter remains powered (either
from line 1 or from an auxiliary supply) the internal meter engine will still measure a line 3
voltage equal to one-half of the line 1 voltage. In applications where loss compensation is
not applied this has no impact on the measurement of energy because no power will be
drawn by the load on line 3. That is, line 3 current equals zero and so the net energy
measured on line 3 is accurately calculated as zero. However, in the special case of a
meter that is compensating for transformer losses, the no-load compensation terms are
based solely on the measured voltage on each phase (see above formulas). Therefore, on
2-element ALPHA meters with loss compensation enabled, if line 3 voltage is lost while the
meter remains powered, the no load compensation terms for line 3 will be in error
because they will be calculated based on one-half the line 1 voltage.
Using the A1800 ALPHA Meter Loss Compensation Tool, it is possible to configure the
meter to automatically turn off compensation whenever the meter enters test mode. This
may or may not be desired depending on utility testing practices.
The loss compensation software also permits the A1800 ALPHA meter loss compensation
function to be manually turned off and turned on without altering the loss compensation
parameters configured in the meter.
Utilities may desire to calculate the expected test results of a compensated meter and then
test the meter with active compensation to verify that the expected results are obtained.
Technical manual 8-16 Loss compensation
Technical manual A-1 Glossary
A Glossary
✱ button. The push button that activates the alternate mode. It also can be used to control
the scrolling of display quantities in the different operating modes.
alternate mode. The operating mode in A1800 ALPHA meters used to display a second
set of display quantities on the LCD. It is generally activated by pressing the Q button on the
meter. A typical use of the alternate mode is to display non-billing data as programmed by
Elster meter support software.
average power factor. Calculated once every second, when the meter is not in test mode,
using the following formula:
kWh
AvgPF =
kvarh 2 + kWh 2
billing data. The measured quantities recorded and stored by the meter for use in billing
the consumer. May also be referred to as tariff data.
bit. Short for binary digit. It is the smallest information unit used in data communications
and storage.
coincident. Information regarding one parameter occurring at the same time as another.
For example, coincident kvar demand is the kvar demand occurring during the interval of
peak kW demand.
complete LCD test. A display showing 8 in all the display areas and all identifiers on the
LCD turned on. This confirms that all segments are operating properly.
continuous cumulative. A display technique used with demand calculations and similar
to cumulative demand except continuous cumulative demand is updated constantly.
cumulative. A display technique used with demand calculations. Upon a demand reset,
the present maximum demand is added to the sum of the previous maximum billing
period demand values.
current transformer ratio. The ratio of the primary current to the secondary current of a
current transformer. For example, 400 A to 5 A would have a current transformer ratio of
400:5 or 80:1.
Technical manual A-2 Glossary
demand forgiveness. The number of minutes that demand will not be calculated
following a recognized power outage. This provides a time period immediately following
the restoration of power during which startup power requirements will not be included in
the calculated demand.
demand interval. The time period over which demand is calculated. Demand interval
must be evenly divisible into 60 minutes.
demand reset. The act of resetting the present maximum demand to zero.
demand reset count. The total number of demand resets since the meter was last
programmed.
demand threshold. The present value of demand which when reached initiates a relay
closure or other programmed action.
EEPROM. Acronym for electrically erasable programmable read only memory. This
memory retains all information even when electric power is removed from the circuit.
end of interval. The indication that the end of the time interval used to calculate demand
has occurred. An EOI indicator is on the LCD and an optional relay can be supplied to
provide an EOI indication.
error display. The method by which the meter displays an error message which consists of
E and numeric codes. The code indicates a condition or conditions that can adversely
affect the proper operation of the meter.
event log. The event log provides a record of entries that date and time stamp specific
events such as:
• power outages
• demand resets
• entering test mode
• time changes
external display multiplier. Used when the transformer factor is larger than can be stored
within the A1800 ALPHA meter. When programmed with Elster Metering meter support
software for an external display multiplier, display quantities read from the meter LCD must
be manually multiplied by this value to yield proper readings.
Technical manual A-3 Glossary
factory default. Operating parameters that are programmed into the meter at the factory
and assure that the meter is ready for correct energy measurement when installed.
four quadrant metering. See Figure A-1 for an illustration of energy relationships for
delivered and received real power (kW), apparent power (kVA), and reactive power (kVAR).
kvar Delivered
Lag Lag
kVA Delivered
kVA Received
kW Delivered
kW Received
Q2
Q2 Q1
Q1
Q3
Q3 Q4
Q4
Lead Lead
kvar Received
integrated circuit. Generally used to reference the custom meter circuit used in the
A1800 ALPHA meter for per phase voltage and current sampling plus energy
measurements.
Ke. The smallest discrete amount of energy available within the meter. It is the value of a
single pulse used between the meter IC and the microcontroller.
kW overload value. The kW threshold which, when exceeded, will cause the display of the
kW overload warning message.
line frequency. The frequency of the AC current on the transmission line, often used in
timekeeping applications in lieu of the internal oscillator. Depending upon the country or
region, the line frequency is either 50Hz or 60Hz.
liquid crystal display. The LCD allows metered quantities and other information about the
A1800 ALPHA meter and installed service to be viewed. Display quantities are
programmable through Elster meter support software.
load control. Used to describe a relay dedicated to operate based upon entering a
specific TOU rate period or when a demand threshold is reached.
Technical manual A-4 Glossary
load profiling. Load profiling records energy usage per a specific time interval while the
meter is energized. Load profiling data provides a 24 hour record of energy usage for
each day of the billing period.
maximum demand. The highest demand calculated during any demand interval over a
billing period.
• main processor
• RAM
• ROM
• clock
• I/O control unit
nonrecurring dates. Holidays or other specific dates that are not based upon a
predictable, repeated pattern.
normal mode. The default operating mode for the A1800 ALPHA meter. Typically, normal
mode displays billing data on the LCD following a programmed sequence.
optical port. A photo-transistor and an LED on the face of the meter that is used to transfer
data between a computer and the meter via pulses of light.
outage log. Display quantity that shows the cumulative total outage time in minutes.
previous billing data. Used to describe the billing data recorded at the demand reset. See
also self read.
previous season data. Used to describe the billing data for the season preceding the
present billing season.
primary rated. A condition where the energy and demand as measured by the meter are
increased by the current and voltage transformer ratios. Meter data will reflect the energy
and demand actually transferred on the primary side of the instrument transformers.
program change date. The date when the meter program was last changed.
program mode. The operating mode of the meter in which full reprogramming of
metrological parameters is permitted.
pulse ratio. Pulses per equivalent disk revolution. On ALPHA meters, 1 revolution is equal
to 1 Kh period.
pulse relay. A relay used with the meter to provide output pulses from the meter to an
external pulse collector. Each pulse represents a specific amount of energy consumption.
received. Used to specify the energy received by the utility at an electric service.
recurring dates. Holidays or other special dates that occur on a predictable basis.
self read. The capturing of current billing data and storing it in memory. Self reads are
scheduled events that can be triggered by the specific day of month, every set number of
days, or command by Elster meter support software. See also previous billing data.
TOU meter. A meter that records energy usage and demand data on a time-of-use basis.
Technical manual A-5 Glossary
test mode. The test mode stores billing data in a secure memory location while the meter
measures and displays energy and demand data for testing purposes. The TEST identifier
will flash while the test mode is active. When test mode is exited, the accumulated test
data is discarded and the original billing data is restored.
timekeeping. The ability of the meter to keep a real time clock, including date and time.
time-of-use. A billing rate that records energy usage and demand data related to specific
times during the day. See also timekeeping.
watthour constant. A meter constant representing the watthours per output pulse on the
LED. Historically, the constant represents the energy equivalent to one revolution of an
electromechanical meter.
Technical manual A-6 Glossary
Technical manual B-1 Display table
B Display table
Display format
Displayable items are described in “Display list items” on page B-2. The A1800 ALPHA
meter supports up to 64 quantities for display on the LCD. The LCD can be divided into
different regions, as described in Table B-1. See “Indicators and controls” on page 3-1 for
more detailed information on the LCD regions.
Energy direction
indicators Alternate mode
indicator
Comm. port
Display
indicator
quantity
Power/energy
units identifier
The display format for all displayable items can be programmed using Elster meter
support software. The A1800 ALPHA meter LCD is capable of supporting the following
characters and symbols:
• all numbers (0 to 9)
• all Latin-based alphabetical characters
• symbols such as ° (degree), * (asterisk), [ (left bracket), and ] (right bracket)
Additional display items may also be available depending upon the version of Elster meter
support software. See the software documentation for a list of the displayable items.
• LCD test
• general meter information
• meter configuration
• status
• metered quantities
• average power factor
• coincident demand and power factor
Technical manual B-3 Display table
• system instrumentation
• system service test
• errors and warnings
• communication codes
The following sections describe the default behavior of the A1800 ALPHA meter display.
See Table B-2 for a description of some of the special characters that have been used in
the display quantity examples.
Table B-2. Characters in display quantity examples
Character Represents
Blank (space)
. Decimal
- hyphen; represents testing in progress
* asterisk; represents all 16 character segments on
: colon; separates time units (hh:mm), etc.
a Any alphanumeric character displayable on the LCD.
dd Numeric character; represents day (01 to 31)
H Indicates the day type is holiday
hh Numeric character; represents time in hours (01 to 24)
mm Numeric character; represents time in minutes (00 to 59)
MM Numeric character; represents month (01 to 12)
x Any numeric character.
ss Numeric character; represents time in seconds (00 to 59)
YY Numeric character; represents two digit year (00 to 99)
LCD test
The A1800 ALPHA meter tests the LCD by displaying all the identifiers, as shown in
Figure B-2. The meter tests the LCD for 3 seconds after power up.
+ Q
-P +P
- Q
L1 L2 L3
COM 0 1 2
Technical manual B-4 Display table
Meter configuration
Status
Metered quantities
A1800 ALPHA meters can measure two quantities. Meters with the optional 4-quadrant
metering can measure eight quantities. The A1800 ALPHA meter can display the available
metered quantities for each meter type.
To indicate a self read quantity, the LCD will use the last two characters of the quantity
identifier to indicate the last self read number (01 to 35).
Cumulative demand
The A1800 ALPHA meter records either the cumulative or continuous cumulative demand.
System instrumentation
The A1800 ALPHA meter can display system instrumentation quantities. See “System
instrumentation” on page 4-1 for a listing of the instrumentation quantities that can be
displayed.
Communication codes
The A1800 ALPHA meter indicates the status of a communication session by displaying it
on the LCD. See “Communication codes” on page 6-8.
Technical manual C-1 Nameplate and style number information
Nameplate
The nameplate provides important information about the meter. The nameplate can be
configured to meet the needs of the utility company; however, Figure C-1 is an illustration of
a A1800 ALPHA nameplate for transformer rated meters.
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 EOI LC TC TST
LED pulse
settings
Meter type 5,000 imp/kWh
TYPE A1800 5,000 imp/kVarh
Meter model MODEL 1830RALN s150
Number of elements
Voltage rating Accuracy Class 0.2
3 x 58/100...240/415V, 60 Hz
and frequency 0.2S
1(10)A
Nominal (max) 2006 Made in USA
Isolation Class 2
current symbol
ELSTER SAMPLE
01234567
SERIAL # Year and place
of manufacture
STYLE
Elster style number ZE3JF4R00LM-01 *01234567*
R1.2-06210102AG-000000
Utility symbol
Firmware version Meter serial number
and barcode
CT A
VT V
imp/kW (kVARh
D Wiring diagrams
Refer to the wiring diagram on the nameplate of each meter for specific terminal
assignments. All connections are equipped with combination-head screws that accept
either a slotted or Phillips screwdriver.
Direct connected
L2
1 3 4 6 7 9 10 12
L1
L2
L3
N
L2
or
L3 L1
N
1 3 4 6 7 9
L1
L2 or N
L3
Technical manual D-2 Wiring diagrams
CT-connected meters
1 3
1 2 3 5 7 8 9
L 1 L
I O
2
N A
E 3 D
1 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11
1
L 2 L
I O
N3 A
EN D
Technical manual D-3 Wiring diagrams
1 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11
1
L 2 L
I O
N 3 A
EN D
1 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11
1
L
L
2 O
I
N3 A
E D
N
Technical manual D-4 Wiring diagrams
1 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11
1
L L
I 2 O
N 3 A
E D
N
Technical manual E-1 Technical specifications
E Technical specifications
Absolute maximums
Operating ranges
Voltage
Nameplate nominal range 58 V to 415 V
Operating range 49 V to 528 V
Auxiliary power supply range For AC power: 57 V rms to 240 V rms (nominal)
For DC power: 80 V to 340 V (nominal)
Current 0 A to 10 A (transformer rated)
0 A to 120 A (direct connect rated)
Frequency Nominal 50 Hz or 60 Hz ± 5 %
Temperature range -40 °C to +85 °C inside meter cover
-40 °C to +60 °C outside
Humidity range 0 % to 100 % noncondensing
Operating characteristics
Starting current
CT-connected 1 mA
Direct-connected < 20 mA (Ib = 5 A)
Creep 0.000 A (no current) No more than 1 pulse per quantity, conforming to IEC 62053 requirements
Internal clock accuracy Better than 0.5 seconds/day (while powered), while conforming to IEC 62054-21
Outage carryover capacity LiSOCl2 battery rated 800 mAhr, 3.6 V and shelf life of 15+ years.
5 years continuous duty at 25 °C.
Supercapacitor is expected to provide carryover power for all normal power outages for a
period of at least 6 hours at +25 °C. The battery is not under load except when
supercapacitor is discharged or when a programmed meter is stored for an extended
period without line power. Based on this low duty cycle, the projected life of the battery in
normal service is expected to be greater than 20 years.
Read without power battery 20 years based on 6 uses per year and 3-minute operation each use.
Communications rate
Optical port 1200 to 28,800 bps Physical components meet IEC 62056-21 or ANSI C12.18
Optical port protocol ANSI C12.18 and C12.19; DLMS/COSEM (optional)
Serial ports 1200 bps to 19,200 bps
Serial port protocol ANSI C12.21 and C12.19; DLMS/COSEM (optional)
Index
logs 2-14 power/energy units identifier. See liquid system architecture 2-6
event 2-15 crystal display:power/energy units iden- System instrumentation 4-1
history 2-15 tifier system instrumentation
instrumentation profiling 2-17 primary metering 2-13 calculations used in 4-1
load profiling 2-16 programmable relays 5-2 how obtained 4-1
self reads 2-16 push buttons 3-4 measurement in progress 4-4
TRueQ 2-18 system service locking 4-5
voltage sag 2-18 R manual lock 4-5, 4-6
loss compensation 3-4 received, energy 3-2 RESET button and 3-5
software support 8-1 relay smart autolock 4-5, 4-6
demand forgiveness 5-3 system service tests. See service current
M energy pulse 5-2 test or service voltage test
Memory. See EEPROM, extended memory, EOI 5-2
shared memory error, warning, event 5-3 T
meter cover. See cover assembly load control 5-2 tamper detection switches 2-5
meter cover pulse outputs 5-3 Tamper restraint and quality. See TRueQ
meter engine tariff 5-3 tariff indicator 3-3
pulse 2-10 triggering alarms 5-4 test
theory of operation 2-8 TRueQ test failure 5-3 diagnostic mode 4-9
metered quantities 2-10 relay outputs 5-1 test LED 5-6
microcontroller pulse mode 5-3 test mode 3-8
and meter engine pulses 2-10 specifications 5-2 indicator 3-8
detecting power failure 2-9 toggle mode 5-3 LED pulse output and 3-8
theory of operation 2-8 removal test mode indicator 3-4
A–base procedure 7-6 testing
N RESET button meter 6-10
nameplate 6-9 system service locking and 3-5 setup 6-9, 6-10
in verifying installation 7-5 resistive dividers. See sensors:voltage theft-resistant measurement 2-14
nonvolatile memory. See EEPROM RS-232/RS-485. See communication:RS- theft-resistant option
normal mode 232/RS-485 poor power factor 2-14
LED pulse output and 3-8 theory of operation 2-7–2-9
S auxiliary power supply 2-8
O safety EEPROM 2-9
optical port 2-3 notices 1-v main power supply 2-8
and communication codes 6-2 procedures 1-v meter engine 2-8
and microcontroller 2-8 seals 2-2 microcontroller 2-8
and operation during errors 6-4 secondary metering 2-13 time-of-use 2-13
and password 4-26 security TOU. See time-of-use
and test mode 3-8, 6-11 anti-tampering 4-26 TRueQ 4-12
ANSI 1-4 program protection 4-26 counters 4-15
IEC 1-4 use of passwords 4-25 LCD and 4-12
output relays self reads. See logs:self reads log 2-18
voltage 5-2 self test 6-1 notification of event 4-12
sensors relay outputs and 4-12
P current 2-8 timers 4-15
password theory of operation 2-8 voltage sag 4-13
encryption 4-26 voltage 2-8 TRueQ log. See logs:TRueQ
levels 4-25 service current test 4-9 TRueQ test
meter 4-25 initiation of 4-10 no event 4-15
phase indicator 3-2 service voltage test 4-5 TRueQ test sets 4-13
physical components. See A3 ALPHA me- shared memory 2-14
ter:physical components allocation 2-15 U
power factor signal conversion 2-8 user defined tables 2-18
average 2-10 standards utility information card 2-4, C-2
concident 2-13 ANSI 4-26, 6-4
power fail 2-9 DIN 1-3, 2-19 V
and event log 2-14 DLMS 1-3 voltage sensors. See sensors:voltage
power supply 1-3, 2-6 IEC 1-2, 1-4, 2-1 voltage test, errors 4-10
theory of operation 2-8 IEEE/ANSI 1-2
power supply, auxiliary 1-3, 2-8 style numbers C-3 W
power supply, main support software warning codes 6-5
theory of operation 2-8 loss compensation 8-1 warranty v
About Elster Group
A world leader in advanced metering
infrastructure, integrated metering, and
utilisation solutions to the gas, electricity and
water industries, Elster’s systems and solutions
reflect over 170 years of knowledge and
experience in measuring precious resources
and energy. Elster provides solutions and
advanced technologies to help utilities more
easily, efficiently and reliably obtain and use
advanced metering intelligence to improve
customer service, enhance operational
efficiency, and increase customer benefits.
Elster’s AMI solutions enable utilities to cost-
effectively deliver, manage, and conserve the
life-essential resources of gas, electricity, and
water. Elster has over 7500 staff and operations
in 38 countries in North and South America,
Europe, and Asia.
Elster
208 S Rogers Lane
Raleigh, NC 27610-2144
United States
T +1 800 338 5251 (US toll free)
T +1 905 634 4895 (Canada)
F +1 919 212 4801
www.elster.com