+

+
Characteristics of good vocal
delivery
GOOD SPEAKERS BAD SPEAKERS

 Adequate volume  Speak too softly to be heard

 Articulate speech sounds
clearly and distinctly
 Pronounce words
accurately
 Have varied pitch
 Vary their speaking rate
 Pause to emphasize ideas
 Slur speech sounds clearly
 Mispronounce words
 Have a monotonous pitch
 Consistently speak too fast
or too slowly
 Rarely pause or pause too
long
+
+
TIPS for the Q&A Session

1. Prepare
2. Repeat or Rephrase the question
3. Stay on message
4. Respond to the audience, not just the person who asked the question
5. Ask yourself the first question
6. Listen non-judgmentally
7. Neutralize hostile questions
8. When you don’t know admit it.
9. Be brief
10. Use organizational signposts
11. Indicate when the Q&A period is concluding
+
What are presentation aids?

Presentation aids, sometimes also

called sensory aids, are the resources
beyond the speech itself that a
speaker uses to enhance the message
conveyed to the audience.
+
Remember

 Presentation
aids help connect
your audience with your
message.

 When properly prepared and

used, they can help speeches
in many different ways.

 Butif they are used improperly,

they can become a liability.
+ The Pros and Cons of Presentation
Aids
Advantages Disadvantages

Aid understanding May distract your listeners

Make your speech

Can distract you
memorable

Establish the authenticity of Can interfere with eye contact

your words with listeners

Poor presentation aids can

Enhance credibility damage your credibility

Add variety to a speech Put you at the mercy of

equipment
Help audience understand
your message

Help audience remember your

message

Communicate the organization

of your message

Help gain and maintain audience

attention

Help illustrate a sequence of events

or procedures
• Before using a visual ask yourself:

Will visual aids clarify something

important?

Will visual aids make the speech

more interesting?

Will they increase audience

retention?

Will they save time?

Will explain the topic?

TYPES OF PRESENTATION AIDS
+
THREE DIMENSIONAL

Objects Models

People
+
TWO DIMENSIONAL

photographs Slides
drawings

maps graphs, charts Flipcharts

+
GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING
YOUR VISUAL AIDS

 Prepare them in advance.

 Keep them simple.
 Make sure they are large enough
to be seen.
 Use fonts that are easy to read and
not too many.
 Color effectively for emphasis .
 PowerPoint presentations

Do you know what are the major complaints people have about
PowerPoint presentations?

1. Reading slides instead of discussing

material
2. Using text that is too small
3. Writing full sentences instead of
bulleted points
4. Using colors that make slides hard to
read
5. Using moving text or graphics
6. Adding annoying sounds.
7. Projecting material that is too
complex
 Using PowerPoint effectively

 Don’t substitute a PowerPoint

slide for a speech.
 Be sure the material is easy
to read.
 Keep your materials simple.
 Avoid overly dramatic
techniques.
 Principles of Design

Simplicity • focus your visuals on a single idea

•Design your visuals so that listeners in the back of

Visibility the room can see them
•Use a plain font such as Arial or Franklin Gothic

• Design your presentation aids to immediately

Emphasis draw your listeners’ eyes to what you want to
illustrate.

• Balanced presentation aids are pleasing to the

Balance eye.
• leave blank space at both the top and bottom
and have equal-sized side margins
 Keep it simple

GUIDELINES FOR
Point it out
USING VISUALS

Reveal and Conceal

Practice

Have a Backup Plan

 HOMEWORK

• Oral Presentation 3: Informative Speech (Concept)