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Module Three

Section Five – Worksheets with Answers

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Page

Nectar of Devotion Worksheets 41

Sri Isopanisad Worksheets 60

Nectar of Instruction Worksheets 69

Notes for the Teacher


Instructions on using these Worksheets are included on
page 55 of the Teacher Handbook.
Note that the worksheets here begin at page 41 so that numbers
correspond to the those in the Students Worksheets Book
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