BREILLAN C.

SERRANO
BSCE 4B

Watershed
A complex idea can be
conveyed with just a single

MANAGEMENT
still image, namely making
it possible to absorb large

And Watershed
amounts of data quickly.

1
 “
Watershed?
A watershed is a natural system
whose boundary is determined on
the ground by the highest points
or ridgelines near or around a
water body
 29,999,991
29,999,990
The Philippines is facing unprecedented
destruction and pollution of its natural
At least one billion
cubic meters of prime
topsoil are eroded
environment. Less than a MILLION
every year. 30% of the
MILLION
29,999,989
hectares of tropical rain forests in the
Philippines remain, compared to
rivers have died.

29,999,988 There has been a

tremendous loss of
biodiversity on land and in
HECTARES in 1950 waters and thus a drastic
reduction in agricultural
and marine productivity.
 Factors Affecting
Watersheds
• Human activities such as upland agriculture, land
conversions, destructive mining, and illegal
logging, among others, have caused the
degradation of watersheds in Southeast Asia,
particularly in the Philippines.
 The Role of the
Philippine Government
• Republic Act 7586
otherwise known as the National Integrated
Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992
provides the legal framework for the establishment
and management of protected areas in the
Philippines. The Law defines protected areas as the
identified portions of land and/or water set aside by
reason of their unique physical and biological
significance, managed to enhance biological
diversity and protected against destructive human
exploration.
Rationale for Watershed
Management
In the Philippines, watersheds are tapped as vital sources
of water supply for domestic, irrigation, and industrial
purposes.

They also provide the socio-economic base to a growing

population and help maintain ecological balance, minimize
the occurrence of floods and droughts, and mitigate the
effects of adverse climatic changes. However, forest cover
in many watersheds are now dwindling and are considered
in critical state due to overexploitation and
mismanagement.
THE CONSTITUTION OF
THE REPUBLIC OF THE
PHILIPPINES
Article 11 of the Constitution maintains that the
State shall protect and advance the right of the
people to a balanced and healthful ecology in
accordance with the rhythm and harmony of
nature.
 Watershed
degradation
TAKES ON
Or combination
OF THE FOLLOWING
8
 Soil Degradation
• Decline in soil productivity as the topsoil erodes and
the hydrological, biological, chemical, and physical
properties of the soil are changed.
Vegetation degradation.

• Decrease in vegetative ground cover and the

decline in the quality and quantity of natural
biomass.

Water Degradation
• Decrease in the quantity and quality of both surface
and ground water and increased risk of downstream
flood damage
 Land Conversion
• Dwindling arable and forestlands due to land use
change such as urban settlements, industrial parks,
roads, and golf courses.

Biodiversity Degradation
• Reduction in the diversity of species. The most
extreme form of degradation is the extinction of
some species of fauna and flora.
 • For one, watershed
management is multi-objective.
CHALLENGES IN
WATERSHED • Watersheds are composed of a
conglomeration of many different
MANAGEMENT & ecosystems.
GOVERNANCE Want big impact?
Use big image. • Watersheds also encompass
many different local government

“ units (LGUs), settlements, and

natural ecosystems, which make
the decision-making process a
problem.

. 11
WATERSHED
WATERSHED
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT IN
IN
CLIMATE
CLIMATE CHANGE
CHANGE
Want big impact?
Use big image.
Thus, to have effective watershed management strategies, an
integrated watershed management framework must be
developed. The framework needs to consider the trans-
boundary nature of physical and human systems within a
watershed, thus the legal and institutional arrangements should
go beyond the traditional geopolitical boundaries.

12
 Ecological Sustainability
GUIDING • The technologies and production
processes involved in using and
developing a watershed’s natural
PRINCIPLES resources should not have adverse
environmental effects.

FOR
Social and Cultural
IMPROVED Sustainability
WATERSHED • The use and development of the
watershed’s resources should be

MANAGEMENT compatible with the culture and values

of the people affected by it and should
strengthen community identity.
 GUIDING Economic Sustainability
•
PRINCIPLES Resources must be used and managed in
an economically efficient manner and must
benefit the greatest number of people.
FOR
IMPROVED Institutional Sustainability
• Community-based organizations,
WATERSHED NGOs, LGUs, and national agencies
involved in watershed management

MANAGEMENT planning, implementation, and

monitoring should have the financial
and human resources to sustain the
delivery of services.
😉 REFERENCES
https://prezi.com/mqrde0chcmex/problem-in-watershed/

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