BIM

Based
Prefab
BIM BASED PREFABRICATION
BIM – The Next Step into the Future
Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany
6-7 Sep 2017
Dr Er David KH Chua
Professor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
ENVISIONING THE FUTURE FOR CONSTRUCTION
Construction Productivity Improvement
Research Roadmap Study

2
 GLOBAL SCANNING OF POTENTIAL TECHNOLOGIES
Through secondary research, trend analysis and workshop discussions, a long list of
150 technologies/applications were identified.
Topic
3D Printing
Application
Low Volume, Highly Customised Components
Over 150
3D Printing
Robotics
3D Printing Structures
Technologies/
Combining robots and 3-D printing (e.g. Tiling)
Complex Site inspection robots (collaborative)
(e.g. Organic Shapes, rough geometries, curvilinear) &

Applications
Robotics Complex Assistive
Formworkrobots
(e.g. 3D printing
to lift heavyinparts/equipment
the air)
3D Printing
RoboticsTopic One-off Large Infrastructure
Collaborative and light robots
transportation
Application weighting in construction

Identified
3D Printing
RoboticsICT Printing/Customisation
Maintenance of spare
Intelligent
robot parts management system
inventory
(autonomous)
BIM BIM for As-Built Verification
RoboticsICT
3D Printing Prototyping Checklist
of Architectural
Floor polish for
Designs National
robot (autonomous) Specifications (linked to national standards)
ICT BIM Use of mobile Predictive
phone BIM modeling
forformwork
safety monitoring
3D Printing
Robotics Construction of Components
Inspection drones without using
3D Printing
3D Printing
ICT
RoboticsICT
BIM
BIM BIM
Non Structural
Tiling (e.g.
Plug and Play
joining
robotUniversally drains,
(autonomous)
BIM for non-structural
Mid-Air printing
BIM
Through Our
Interoperability
parapets,
Changing
compatible mindset
of BIM (pre-con)
system to integrate
Competency
façade)
softwaretowards
Making sure that
components
all modules
of workers e.g. master
split in design
for integration
modelpublic
across
has been
VSvalue craftsmen,
production guides
chain activities (pre-con)
used(post
exp construction)
MOH (post construction)
RoboticsICT Intelligent Government-endorsed
Off-site human-assisted robots of cranes and
monitoring model
otherofad-hoc services
equipment
RoboticsICT
3D Printing
3D Printing
Robotics
ICT
BIM
BIM
BIM
FormworkMatching
BIM
Semi-finished
AR/VR
Contract
and reinforcement
robotic
AR/VR
Defect
components
Autonomous
Initial Scan
Procurement
management
function
Focus
with processes
BIM to be Ensure
on trader's
standards
used forcorrect
management/Automatic
transport robot
For
and finishing
Construction
on/off-site
Coordination
processes
process applied
assembly
precast/PPVC
logging of
to adhere to (construction)
of precast
issues
to reduce
(mobile elements
phone)
wastage and increase efficiency
BIM AR/VR No drawing on site/fabrication
Inspections yard
ICT BIM SimulationBIM for logistics deliverySafety
for maintenance Schedule
and coordination
PPVC Robotics Design ofBIM
connections
Carpet installation Construction measurement on quality like alignment of waste
ICT BIM Remote robot
AR/VR Softwareofcapability
operation equipment Marketing
to handle Tools
large models (pre-con)
PPVC RoboticsICT Resource
BIM BIM
planning
Wall and AR/VR
window BIM for Planning/Logistics
Government-subsidized
installation robot Worker Training
bandwidth (Routine
for cloud or New Technologies)
(construction)
Tracking Category
of workers - location, actions, workload Application
PPVC RoboticsICT BIM BIM composites
Natural fiber AR/VR Activity BIM as a "Live"
monitoring/tracking Model
Rehearsals
Roofing robot Smart windshield
(laying shingles)
Advanced Materials
BIM AR/VR BIM Based Site Operation
Commissioning Materials for 3D printing (molds)
planning
PPVC RoboticsICT BIM
GFA effect - double Scheduling
walls BIM Linked
work sequencewith 4D simulation planning
Drilling
BIM robot Advanced Materials
Cloud/Base BIM Detection Self-cleaning materials (TiO2, photo catalytic)
checking/Verification
BIM AR/VR BIM Library Clash
PPVC RoboticsICT Weight-reduction
Use robots
BIM
Overcome
to manufacture
language
Advanced
barriers
Materials
standardized
Lightweight
between
Concrete
components
BIM
workers and
for early stage
stakeholders
Fire-retardant
design
Increase porosity
or containment coatings
ICT BIM AR/VR BIM as
Multiple project a contract
tracking Site
document briefing
Concrete Air-entrained concrete
PPVC Smart Hoisting BIM
Real-timeUse
tracking
of RFIDAR/VR Advanced Materials
Extra services on building
pre-installation Materials
(later to fuse joints
scanning/verification) (leakage prevention)
ICT BIM ICT forand
Tracking actions scheduling
decisions and taking) ofworks
monitoring
Concrete
(note subcontractor and suppliers'
Fly ash work
concrete
PPVC Smart Hoisting BIM
RFID tracking AR/VR Advanced
(construction)Design-BIM
Materials Concept
Leasing
Concrete and sales Lightweight material - moldable
Recycled at
material room temp., very strong,
for self-compacting concreteno mold
ICT Robotic/Automation
Incorporation of RFID from design phase
BIM BIM AR/VR Advanced
BIMapproval M&EHoisting
for Smart Connection
Materials fordetails Bamboo-reinforced concrete of mix design of self-compacting concrete
PPVC Smart HoistingICT Variety inDrone/Remote Streamlining
design approaches/finishes
Control processapps Concrete
(across measuring/detecting
different cracks Optimization
agencies/departments)
BIM BIM Advanced
BIM for Fabrication
Materials (e.g.
ARfaçade optimization,
to" in installation
Aerogels for insulationand(lightweight)
verification)
PPVC Smart HoistingICT Ease of installation
AR/VR
Drone CarryingVideoLoads
analytics
considerations forsafety
ongoing planning
workUse during
Concrete todesign
show and
"how
Timber
construction
repair or building
Spread process
out demand by coordination between big
Hybrid/Composite use
BIM BIM Advanced
Clearer Understanding
Materials design
each from
Stageclient's
Smoke perspective
absorbing materials for walls
contractors/developers
ICT AR/VR
Equipment health definition
monitoring of BIM
VR for at measuring the
Timber
sense of scale before building construction
PPVC Smart Hoisting Smaller subassembly
BIM BIM
Multi-ArmAR/VR to facilitate
Cranes BIMtransportation
Advanced Combine/Integrate
Materials
for Procurements Concrete
AR(e.g. Finite
techMaterial
to Analysis with BIMstructural
Fast-setting
Take-offs)
visualize construction (construction) of accelerator Schools function halls
Usematerials
ICT Asset tracking
PPVC Smart Hoisting BIM
Dimensions
BIM and design
AR/VR
Jacking/Climbing Advanced
of trucksImprove
Gantry System "Simply and
Materials
coordination VR Concrete
Easy"
and BIM for Timber
forsubmission
communicatingConcept
Fiber
process and Pre-Concept
reinforcement
(pre-con)
concepts High
and visions temperature
of structural
of the project
Roofing structure - light & heat insulation using CLT
curing
materials
ICT Material and site management Concrete Timber Fair-faced concrete Composite/hybrid
(no plastering) construction
PPVC Smart HoistingBIM Hoisting BIM
BIM facilities
Canopy systemsBIM library Advanced
Logistics Follow up on(construction)
Materials
optimization
for coordination
- Partial System (pre-con)
finished products with trackingon
Off-formwork record
concrete ( no coatings or painting required)
BIM Advanced Industry
Materials playersConcrete
should Timber
contribute
Organicproduct
films details
to Remove
absorbto BIMIR the needtofor Integrated
library
for photovoltaicrebars
purpose cassette floor system
BIM BIM Design LIDAR
Analysis scanning of as-installed
with BIM (e.g. FEM, conditions (construction)
PPVC Smart Hoisting Level of control
Smart of adjacent
Gantry units
Systems accelerate SteelCFD, Wind
adoption
analysis)
Timber Composite steel-concrete Using wood panel for acoustic insulation
material
BIM BIM Continuous Advanced
BIM to useMaterials
monitoring forand
precast/PPVC
real time Color forchanging or stimuli-based polymers/paints
Smart Hoisting BIM
Jacking floor As Built Model Steeladvisory +Timbersteps immediate next
Carry out structural inspection
Building without create
envelope access
- roof opening
+ façade
BIM steps Advanced Materials
Design analysis Transparent blast-proof materials
BIM BIM for building Steelperformance Timber Corrosion requirementCurtain for steel
BIM Tracking Advanced
tradesmen’s Materials
productivitySteel(construction) Fiber-reinforced plastics (for different shapes) wall
Endothermic material
BIM Advanced Asset Management
Materials Timber
Engineered wood for prefab Upgrade existing buildings with timber components
BIM Mobile tech for checklist, approvals, Steeltiming (construction) Fire rating requirement for steel
BIM Advanced Fire Safety Modeling
Materials Steel Pollution/particle
Timber attracting
Fabrication façade materials/coatings
Hybrid structure of concrete + CLT in floors
BIM Ensure models have been used for submission/design
BIM Ownership ofSteel
Advanced Materials BIM models Timber Material with high heat Steelcapacity/thermal conductivity
Wall
connection technology and ceilingon-site
to reduce claddings
welding
BIM Regarding Contracts:
Advanced Materials Steel Real Time monitoring
Newspaper woodand- advisory
waterproof
Finishing on and
(e.g. performance
flame-retardant
Dinoc vinyl film)
Timber Bus/car shelter link ways
BIM Concrete Design and construction Steel in one 3Dcontract/deliverable
printing of concrete Epoxy, PU, Waterproofing film
Timber Open building "shelter"
BIM Concrete Products selected Steel and procured during design
Incorporation stage
Fire-proofing
of lightweight coating
material
Concrete Steel Timber
General Concrete filled tube Timber bridges
Steel Ultra-high strength steel
Concrete Recycled aggregates
3
Steel Sound-proofing - thinsulate damping film
Concrete Steel
Full adoption of SS Galvanizing
EN 206
Concrete Steel Automation of ready-mix
Spray-on concrete plants
fireproofing
Concrete Steel Improved hydration Update construction methods to integrate steel works
Concrete Steel Glass bubbles Self-healing steel - memory alloy for impact areas
Concrete Steel Change in mindset Green in interpretation
mark of good surface finishes
Steel Steel-frame PPVC modules
NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN PERSPECTIVE

4
Taken from Report by BCG, Shaping the Future of Construction
 CONSTRUCTION IN FUTURE – ICPH AS AN
ENABLER
The ICPH will be a key enabler of Singapore’s strategy, providing an off-site
environment where construction can be automated, mechanised and standardised.
Reduce
manpower Faster
requirements construction
by 50% - 60% due to use of
due to automation
mechanisat- and robotics
ion

Low land
footprint due
to multi-story High quality
production standardised
facility and components
use of ASRS ICPH
for storage

Facilitates use
of DfMA due to Noise and
manufacturing pollution
within a reduced at
controlled construction 5
environment sites
 CONSTRUCTION OF THE FUTURE
Design and Construction tightly integrated in a DfMA environment enabled by
BIM in a VDC process that is undergirded by lean principles implementation
ECI/IPD
construction knowledge Designed for
DfMA Environment
constructability

BIM/VDC Design Process BIM/VDC

Lean Principles
Automation
Smart Hoisting
Integrated Supply • ICPH
• Robotics
Chain Management • PPVC, PBU, M&E
• UAS
• Mobile Apps Logistics Services
• VR & AR • Robotics
• Sensors • 3D Printing
• Smart tracking (with
• Materials Construction Site RFID and/or sensors) Production
Productivity enhanced through • Just-in-Time Delivery
Strategy Potential for full automation of
automation & ICT production processes 6
DFMA SOLUTION FOR A SITE PROBLEM

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 PREFABRICATED STEEL STRUCTURES

Unique steel structure measures 165m in

height and resembles an open lotus.
Total steel tonnage: 5,000 tonnes

ArtScience Museum at Marina Bay

With BIM, Yongnam was able to

• Identify the complexity of the fabrication
• Generate key data for the fabrication
• Reconcile cladding skin of the structure
• Detail complex jointing system

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 PREFINISHED, PREFABRICATED AND VOLUMETRIC
CONSTRUCTION
Crowne Plaza Changi Airport Crowne Plaza Changi Airport
Hotel Extension Hotel Extension
Moving to manufacturing and assembly

Add another 243 rooms to the existing 320

Pre-fabricated interiors
• Complete launching in
26 days
• 45% reduction in
manpower on site
• 17% reduction in
construction time
• 40% manpower savings 9
overall
SYSTEM FOR ENABLING DFMA CONSTRUCTION
Based on a proposal

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INTEGRATED BUILDING INFORMATION SYSTEM

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PROPOSED SYSTEM INTEGRATION

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 SMART HOISTING
Smart Crane System – The Signature

Integrated Building
Instead of handwritten Information System –
labels, each precast design collaboration,
component has its own smart production, smart
RFID tag – enables supply hoisting
chain tracking system. 13
Smart path - determines
ideal lifting path
RESEARCH COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM
Completed and On-going work

14
SMART PRECAST DFMA SYSTEM

GA with tabu-search and

isomorphism algorithms for
optimal mould numbers based 15
Graph Data Model and on desired installation cycle
Topological Relationships
BIM PLATFORM FOR PPVC DESIGN

With optimised crane utilisation

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CRANE LIFTING IN BIM ENVIRONMENT

Cluster solutions – Genetic algorithm 17

Local search – Simulated annealing
PROPOSED PPVC COMPONENT HIERARCHY FOR
CONSTRUCTABILITY ANALYSIS

Building

Storey
Constructability analysis includes
- Installation sequence
Bunk Module - Accessibility for onsite work
- Simulation for better visualization

Constructability analysis at module level considers constraints on:

- Transportation
Module - Production/ Assembly
- Lifting
- Customized components (including joints)
- Parametric (changeable size based on
PPVC pre-defined parameters)
Component - Stored as libraries
- Can be reused over projects

Standard Standard built-in component

Component catalog in BIM software
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BIM CLOUD-BASED SUPPLY CHAIN
MANAGEMENT OF PRECAST ELEMENTS

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 AUTOMATIC SCHEDULING BASED ON
CONSTRUCTION KNOWLEDGE
Core knowledge
Developing Methodology for BIM-based models for automatic
Automatic Scheduling scheduling
- Construction Requirement Model: Capturing
and representing complex construction
knowledge for automatic sequencing
- Automatic Scheduling Framework: Provide
generalized approach to generate alternative
construction schedules
- AI Algorithms for Automatic Sequencing and
Automatic Sub-Assembly Sequencing
Production Planning for Shipyard
construction

2nd and 3rd International Conference on Engineering,

Project, and Production Management, for papers
entitled “A Simulation Model for Look-ahead Spatial
Scheduling of Dynamic Block Assembly in Shipbuilding”
and “Criticality of Schedule Constraints – Classification 20
and Identification”
 DFS WITH EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE IN BIM
BIM-based Design for Safety Check
Objective: Developing a BIM system for checking Design for Safety issues
during the design phase
Provide industry with basic implementation of DfS requirements
SAFETY KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION REASONING ENGINES

Design for
Safety Safety Library Reasoning Graph
Language DfSLP Engine Algorithms
Knowledge
(DfSL) Design for
Templates
Safety Safety
Knowledge Graph Data
Analysis
(DfSK) Model
Reasoning
Rules
(GDM)

BIM-INTEGRATED SAFETY
REGISTER

Register
Functions
PROJECT Risk
BIM Register 21
DATABASE
MODEL DfS
Workflow
FRAMEWORK FOR INTELLIGENT BIM-BASED
REVIEW OF DFS

FOR {Design WITH HAVING THEN {DfS Required Atomic Rule

Element} {Condition} {Risk} Design Feature} Meta Element Rule
Meta Rule (Higher Level)

Agents operative space

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CONCLUSION
¢ The future of construction points to prefabrication with
integrated BIM and lean construction assisted by real-time
mobile collaboration

¢ BIM forms the core of an Integrated Building Information

System that will facilitate design, production, logistics and
construction collaboration

¢ BIM is the enabler for automation for precast production

(at ICPH) and assembly (at site)

¢ Intelligent BIM facilitates design and process optimisation

e.g. prefabrication configuration, automated scheduler,
crane lifting, constructability analysis for DfMA 23
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

¢ The research project “Fast track volumetric construction

based on composite design using lightweight high
performance materials” is funded by Sembcorp-NUS
Corp Lab

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