MAHATH AMMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY

Ariyur, Annavasal Road, Pudukkottai District- 622 101.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

NAME :

REG.NO :

SUBJECT :

Certified that this is the Bonafide of practical done as part of FIRST SEMESTER Master of
Engineering in CAD/CAM during the academic year 2016- 2017.

Staff in- Charge HOD

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Submitted for Anna University Practical Examination held on___________________________

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 INDEX

PAGE
SL.NO DATE EXPERIMENT NO INITIALS

1 INTRODUCTION TO PRO/E WILDFIRE

MODELING AND DETAILING OF

2 SCREW JACK

MODELING, ASSEMBLY AND DETAILING OF

3 UNIVERSAL COUPLING

MODELING AND DETAILING OF

4 KNUCKLE JOINT

MODELING AND DETAILING OF

5 PLUMMER BLOCK

6 STRESS ANALYSIS OF A PLATE WITH A CIRCULAR

HOLE.

7 MODE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM.

THERMAL STRESS ANALYSIS OF A 2D COMPONENT –

8 STATIC

CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF A 2D

9 COMPONENT
Ex No: 1
INTRODUCTION TO PRO/ENGINEER
DATE:

PRO/ENGINEER is a world’s leading 3D product developed solution, which is

developed by PTC- Parametric Technology Corporation – a US based company. This software
enables designers and engineers to bring better product to the market faster. It takes care of the
entire product development process, from creative through detailed product definition to
serviceability. PRO/ENGINEER delivers measurable value to manufacturing companies of all
sizes and in all industries.

PRO/ENGINEER is used in a vast range of industries, from manufacturing of rockets to

computer peripherals….

Few of the PRO/ENGINEER modules are listed below

 PRO/ENGINEER Design
 PRO/ENGINEER Production
 PRO/ENGINEER Ship Building
 PRO/ENGINEER routed Systems

PRO/ENGINEER: A SOLID MODELLER

In PRO/ENGINEER, the models have volumes and surface. We can create mass properties
directly from the geometry. As a modeling tool, PRO/ENGINEER is

 Feature based
 Associative
 Parametric

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS:

 Intel Pentium or compatible 233MHz or higher

 Pentium III 833 MHz (Recommended)
 256MB RAM
 SVGA Monitor
 650 MB Hard disc space
 Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP
 Microsoft TCP/IP
 Ethernet Network Adaptor

SKETCHER BASICS:
 Any geometry involving complex definition and individual shapes requires sketch. Sketches
are required for all types of protrusions and cuts. The word sketch is basically meant for section
because the sketch represents the cross section of any feature. Sketch is a 2D geometry only
when combined with other elements.

LINE:

Line command allows us to draw a line by specifying the end points. We can right click on
the sketcher window to invoke line command.

Sketch → Line → Line

CENTER LINE:

Centre lines are used to define the axis of revolution of a revolved feature to define a line of
symmetry with in a section

Sketch→ Line→ Centre line

RECTANGLE:

By picking one vertex with the left mouse button and drag the rectangle on the desired size
can revised rectangle

Sketch → Rectangle

CIRCLE:

Creates a circle by picking the centre point and a point that lies on the circumference of the
circle

Sketch →Circle →Centre and Point

ARC:

Creates an arc by picking the centre point and a point that lies on the circumference of the arc
circle

Sketch →Arc → 3Point/Tangent end

ELLIPSE:

Create an ellipse by clicking the centre of the ellipse and drag the other point to complete the
ellipse

Sketch → Circle → Ellipse

FILLET:

Creates a round intersection between only any two entities the size and location of the fillet
depends on the pick location

Sketch →Fillet → Circular

SPLINE:

Splines are curving that pan smooth through any number of intermediate points.

Sketch → Spline

PART MODELING

PRO/E Solid modeler allows us to create parametric feature based solid, quilt or sheet metal
components. It provides straight forward approach in building complex parts using consistent
and systematic process. Parts are collection of individual feature:

Sub types of part modeling are

 Solid
 Sheet metal
 Composite
 Bulk

Steps involved in part modeling:

Part setup

 Basic units
 Material
 Density etc…
 Defining co-ordinate system
 Defining datum plane

PROTRUSION FEATURES:

Protrusion is the method of adding a solid material to the model. It can add material in a void
(or) an existing adding material to a model

 Extrude
 Revolve
 Sweep
 Blend

There are two type of protrusion, there are solid and thin.
EXTRUDE:

Extrusion is a model of defining a volume by extruding a sketched cross section along an

axis normal to the section plane.

Insert →Extrude →Placement → Define → Select required plane → Sketch → Draw profile →
Give

Option → Side 1 → Enter values depth (or) select surface symmetric → Preview → Select default
orientation

REVOLVE:

Revolve is a method of defining a volume by revolving the cross section along an axis lying
in the section plane

Insert → Revolve → Placement → Define → Select required plane → sketch → draw a

sectioned profile & centre axis

Options → Angle → preview → (done)

SWEEP:

Sweep is method to add material along a trajectory

Insert →Sweep → Protrusion → Select plane → Flip → Okay → Default → Draw Trajectory
→Sketch the cross-section → Preview → Ok

BLEND:

Blend is a method to create a model that is having two different profile with different
height (taper angle extrude)

Insert →Blend → Protrusion → Parallel /Regular selection/Sketch selection → done →

Straight /smooth →done →plane → Flip →Okay → default → done → Draw bottom surface profile →
toggle section → Draw next profile → by right click (toggle section ) → Enter heights → preview → Ok

SWEPT BLEND:

In this can add material along a trajectory with different profile, with their own shapes
along the created trajectory.

Insert →Swept blend → protrusion → sketch section, normal to origin trajectory → done →
Sketch trajectory → plane → okay → default →draw →trajectory → enter Z axis rotation angle → draw
a cross section profile → Enter Z-axis rotational angle → Preview → Ok
HELICAL SWEEP:

Helical sweep is a command which can add material by sweeping a section along a
helical trajectory.

Insert →Helical sweep → protrusion → through axis right hand → done → plane → Ok
→default → select start & end points (draw a line/profile) & centre axis →Enter pitch value → sketch the
cross section → Preview → Ok

VARIABLE SECTION SWEEP:

Adding material while sweeping n along one (or) more selected trajectory by controlling
the section orientation the section orientation rotation & geometry. In sketcher mode draw two
different trajectories with centre axis in different plane.

(¦)→ Variable section sweep →Reference → select item →Sketch → Draw profile →Preview
→Ok

CUT:

Cut is a method of removing solid material from the model. PRO/E provides the following
method for removing material.

 Extrude
 Revolve
 Sweep
 Blend

In PRO/E, we can create the following pick and place features.

 Hole
 Round
 Chamfer

HOLE:

In PRO/E, Hole command is used to create many types of axially revolved cut out
geometry. Holes can be straight side user sketched custom shapes or based on engineering
standard fasteners

Insert →Hole → select surface →flip linear/radial diameter/co-axial →given references →shape
→Blind/Symmetric/to next/thru all/up →to surface →Enter diameter →Preview →Ok

SHELL:
 The shell feature hollows out the inside of a solid leading a shell of a specified wall
thickness, it lets specify a surface (or) surface, which want to remove from the shell.

Insert → Shell → select object/surface→ add thickness → preview → Ok

RIB:

A rib feature is a thin fin (or) web protrusion that allows to solid surface is a design

Insert → Rib→ reference → define → select plane→ sketch → draw the profile→ add thickness →
preview → OK

CHAMFER:

Chamfer is a type of feature, where an edge (or) corner is believed. There are of chamfer
 Corner
 Edge

Insert → Chamfer → edge chamfer → set → select one edge→ enter diameter/angle → preview → Ok

EDITING FEATURE

MIRROR

The mirror tool allows copying surfaces curve and datum features about a mirror plane.

Edit →mirror →references →select an object to mirror →select axis →preview →Ok

PATTERN:

Pattern is creating instances of the selected feature by varying some specified

dimensions.

Edit → pattern → dimension → select feature to pattern → dimension/distance/axis/fill → preview → Ok

DATUM FEATURES

DATUM PLANE:

Datum planes are used as a reference on a part

Insert → model datum → plane → placement select one datum plane/two points/two edges … etc →
through/offset/parallel/normal→ Ok

ASSEMBLY
 Assembly model in PRO/E, enables to place component parts and sub assemblies, as well
as to design parts based on, how they should fit together, then they can modify analyze or
reorient is resulting assemblies.

New → assembly → name → Ok→ set unit → insert → component → open → constraints the
movement and rotation→ Ok

CONSTRAINT:

Placement → New Component→ Align/Mate/Insert/tangent etc…→ Select reference

(Surface/Axis/edge/Curve etc…) → Preview → Ok

ALIGN:

Align of axis’s will orient the axis in a line for then select 2 axis.

MATE:

To mate surface (flat or circular) selecting two surfaces will constrain the surface level to
restrict movement.

DETAILING

PRO/E detailing can be used as a standalone module to create, view and annotate models
and drawing.

New → drawing → name → specify template → use template → see drawing → Ok

SHOW DIMENSION:

View → Open show/Erase dialogue box → show → part → select part → accept all → Ok

BILL OF MATERIAL:

TABLE:

Table → insert → table → pick point → pick in user → interface → select no. of column and row →
double click to enter text.

RESULT:

Thus the basic of PRO/E has been studied.

Ex No: 2
MODELING AND DETAILING OF SCREW JACK
DATE:

AIM:

To create drawing components preparation of assembly models and detailing of “SCWER

JACK” using PRO/E WIDEFIRE

PREREQUISITE:

1. Open the PRO/E WILDFIRE either using the desktop icon or using the program menu.
2. Set the working directory to save the part file, assembly file and detailing file in a single
folder
3. Create a new file for part modeling
4. Set the units in “mmNs” by using the menu or while choosing the “new file” remove the
default and set mmNs

PROCEDURE:

BODY:

The feature of the part body are given below

 Revolve (360۫)
 Fillet (round)

CUP:

These features which are used to create the part cup are given below:

 Revolve (360۫)
 Extrude (remove material)

SCREW SPINDLE:

This feature which are used to create the part screw spindle are given below

 Revolve (360۫)
 Chamfer (Edge 45xd)
 Extrude (remove material)
 Hole (M12 counter sink)
 Helical sweep (cut)
NUT:

This feature which are top create the part nut are given below

 Revolve (360۫)
 Helical sweep (cut)

WASHER SPECIAL:

This feature which are used to create the part washer special are given below

 Revolve (360۫)

CSK SCREW:

This which are used to create the part CSK screw are given below

 Revolve (360۫)
 Extrude (remove material)
 Helical sweep (cut)

TOMMY BAR:

This feature which is to create the part Tommy bar given below:

 Revolve (360۫)
DETALING:

New →Drawing→ Specify template→ Use template→ C drawing→ Ok

To create the bill of material 5 row X 7 column table to be create by using table feature

Table →Insert→ Table→ Pick up→ Select 5 X 7→ Double click in the cell for entering text.
RESULT:

Thus the creation of drawing models, preparation of assembly and detailing of “screw jack” has
been carried out.
Ex No: 3 MODELING, ASSEMBLY AND DETALING OF
DATE: UNIVERSAL COUPLING

AIM:

To create drawing components preparation of assembly models and detailing of

“UNIVERSAL COUPLING” using PRO/E WIDEFIRE 4.0

PREREQUISITE:

1. Open the PRO/E WILDFIRE 4.0 either using the desktop icon or using the program
menu.
2. Set the working directory to save the part file, assembly file and detailing file in a single
folder
3. Create a new file for part modeling
4. Set the units in “mmNs” by using the menu or while choosing the “new file” remove the
default and set mmNs

PROCEDURE:

PART MODELING: FORK:

The features which are used to create the part “fork” are given below:

 Extrude (solid)
 Extrude (solid)
 Mirror (select the plane for reference)
 Extrude (solid)
 Extrude (remove material)

CENTER:

The feature which is used to create the part “centers” are given below:-

 Extrude [symmetrically]
 Extrude [symmetrically]
 Extrude [remove materials]
  Extrude [remove materials]

SHAFT:

The feature which is used to create the part “shaft” are given below:-

 Extrude [solid]
 Chamfer [edge 45Xd]
 Extrude [remove material]

PARALLEL KEY:

The feature which is used to create the part parallel key is given below:-

 Extrude [solid]

PIN:

The features which are used to create the part “pin” are given below:-

 Revolve [360ْ]
 Revolve [remove material - 360ْ]

COLLAR:

The features which are used to create the part “collar” are given below:-

 Extrude [solid]
 Sweep [cut]

TAPER PIN:

The features are used to create part “taper pin” are given below:-

 Revolve [360ْ]

Taper ratio = (D²-d²)/2L

ASSEMBLY:

Assembly of the parts is carried out in a separate file. The fork is first fixed in the default
position for mating the part modeling planes and assembly modeling planes.

File new assembly add the component default

The parts are assembled as per the following order

 Center (Align, Mate, Mate)

 Screw shaft (Align, Mate, Mate)
 Parallel key (Align, Mate, Mate)
 Pin (Align, Mate, Mate)
 Collar (Align, Mate, Mate)
 Taper pin (Align, Mate, Mate)
Thus the following components are assembly of fully constrained.

DETAILING:

New Drawing Specify template use template see drawing Ok

To create the bill of material 5row X 8column label to be create by using table feature.

Table insert table pick up select 5row X 8column double click to enter text.
RESULT:

Thus, the creation of drawing models, preparation of assembly and detailing of “universal
coupling” has been carried
Ex No: 4 MODELING AND DETALING OF KNUCKLE JOINT
DATE:

AIM:

To create drawing components, preparation of assembly models and detailing of

“KNUCKLE JOINT” by using PRO/E WILDFIRE 4.0

PREREQUISITE:

1. Open the PRO/E Wildfire 4.0 either using the desktop icon or using program menu.
2. Set the working directory to save the part, assembly and detailing file in a single folder.
3. Create a new file for part modeling.
4. Set the units to mmNs by using menu setup (or) opening file, New, remove the default
option and set mmNs.

PROCEDURE:

PART MODELING: FORK

The features which are used to create the part “Fork” are given below:-

 Extrude [solid]
 Extrude [solid]
 Mirror [select the plane for reference]
 Revolve [360ْ]
 Mirror [select the plane]
 Extrude [solid]

EYE:

The features are used to create the part “EYE” is given below:-

 Extrude [solid]
 Extrude [solid]
 Round

PIN:

The features are given used to create the part “pin” are given below:-

 Revolve [360ْ]
 Revolve [remove material 360ْ]
COLLAR:

The features which are given used to create the part “collar” are given below:-

 Extrude [solid]
 Remove [remove material 360ْ]

TAPPER PIN:

The features which are used to create the part “tapper pin” are given below:-

 Revolve [360]

DETAILING:

New drawing specify template see drawing Ok

To create the bill of material 4row X 6column table to be create by using table feature.

Table insert table select 4row X 6column double click to enter text.

RESULT:

Thus, the creation of drawing models, and detailing of “KNUCKLE JOINTS” has been
carried out.
Ex No: 5 MODELING AND DETALING OF PLUMMER
DATE: BLOCK

AIM:

To create drawing components, preparation of assembly models and detailing of

“PLUMMER BLOCK”.

PRE REQUISITE:

1. Open the Pro/E WILD FIRE 4.0 either using the desktop icon (or) using program Menu
2. Set the working directory to save the part assembly and detailing files in a single folder.
3. Create a “New File” for part modeling.
4. Set the units to mm-Ns by using Menu setup or opening new file remove the default unit
set and add mm-Ns.

PROCEDURE:

PART MODELING: BODY:

The features which are used to create the Part “BODY” are given below:

 Extrude [ Solid]
 Extrude [Remove Material]
 Revolve [Remove Material – 360]
 Fillet [Round]

CAP:

The features which are used to create the part “CAP are given below:

 Extrude [Solid]
 Extrude [Remove Material]
 Hole [Through all]
 Revolve [Remove Material 360˚.]

BEARING BOTTOM AND TOP HALF:

The features which are used to create the part “Bearing bottom & top half” are given
below:

 Revolve [180˚]
 Extrude
 Extrude [Remove Material]
BOLT M10:

The features which are used to create the part “Bolt M10” are given below:

 Revolve [360˚]
 Extrude
 Heliacal sweep [Cut]

NUT M10 AND LOCK NUT M10:

The features which are used to create the part “Nut M10 & Lock Nut M10” are given
below:

 Extrude [solid]
 Revolve [Remove Material 360˚]
 Helical Sweep [Remove Material]

DETAILING:

New → Drawing → Use Template → C- drawing → ok.

To create the bill of material 4 row X 9 column table to be created, by using table feature.

Table → Insert → Table → Select 4 row X 9 Columns.

RESULT:

Thus, the creation of drawing models, preparation of assembly models and detailing of
“PLUMMER BLOCK” has been carried out.

Ex No: 6
STRESS ANALYSIS OF A PLATE WITH A CIRCULAR HOLE

DATE:

AIM:
To determine the displacement and bending stress of a given plate with a circular hole using Finite
Element Analysis bases ANSYS structure and view the displacement and bending stress plots.

PROCEDURE:

A flat rectangular plate with a hole shown in the following figure:

Preprocessing: Defining the Problem

1. Give the Simplified Version a Title
Utility Menu > File > Change Title
2. Form Geometry
Create the main rectangular shape
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners

Fill in the window as shown above. This will create a rectangle where the bottom left corner has the
coordinates 0, 0, 0 and the top right corner has the coordinates 200, 100, 0.

Create the circle

 Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Circle > Solid Circle

Fill in the window as shown above. This will create a circle where the center has the
coordinates 100,50,0 (the center of the rectangle) and the radius of the circle is 20
mm.

a. Subtraction
Now we want to subtract the circle from the rectangle. Prior to this operation, your image should
resemble the following:

To perform the Boolean operation, from the Preprocessor menu select:

Modeling > Operate > Booleans > Subtract > Areas

At this point a 'Subtract Areas' window will pop up and the ANSYS Input window
will display the following message: [ASBA] Pick or enter base areas from which to
subtract (as shown below)

Therefore, select the base area (the rectangle) by clicking on it. Note: The selected area will turn pink once it is
selected.

The following window may appear because there

are 2 areas at the location you clicked.

Ensure that the entire rectangular area is selected (otherwise click 'Next') and then click 'OK'.

Click 'OK' on the 'Subtract Areas' window.

Now you will be prompted to select the areas to be subtracted, select the circle by
clicking on it and then click 'OK'.

You should now have the following model:

3. Define the Type of Element

It is now necessary to define the type of element to use for our problem:
Preprocessor Menu > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete
o Add the following type of element: Solid (under the Structural heading) and the Quad 82
element, as shown in the above figure.
PLANE82 highe
is a r
dimensiona order
l, four- versio
node n of
element
the
(PLANE42
). two-is
PLANE82 an
element eight
which is noded
better quadr
suited to ilatera
model l
curved
boundaries.
 For this example, we need a plane stress element with thickness, therefore
o Click on the 'Options...' button. Click and hold the K3 button, and select 'Plane strs w/thk', as shown
below.

Define Geometric Properties

o As in previous examples Preprocessor menu > Real Constants > Add/Edit/Delete
o Enter a thickness of 20 as shown in the figure below. This defines a plate thickness of 20mm)

Element Material Properties

o As shown in previous examples, select Preprocessor > Material Props > Material models
> Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic

We are going to give the properties of Steel. Enter the following when prompted: EX

200000

PRXY 0.3

Mesh Size
To tell ANSYS how big the elements should be, Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls >
Manual Size > Areas > All Areas

o Select an element edge length of 25. We will return later to determine if this was adequate for the
problem.
Mesh

Now the frame can be meshed.

 In the 'Preprocessor' menu select Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free and select the area when prompted

You should now have the following:

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving

You have now defined your model. It is now time to apply the load(s) and constraint(s) and solve the resulting
system of equations.
1. Define Analysis Type
0 Ensure that a Static Analysis will be performed (Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis).
2. Apply Constraints
As shown previously, the left end of the plate is fixed.
o In the Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Lines
o Select the left end of the plate and click on 'Apply' in the 'Apply U,ROT on Lines' window.

o Fill in the window as shown below.

o This location is fixed which means that all DOF's are constrained. Therefore, select 'All DOF'
by clicking on it and enter '0' in the Value field as shown above.
You will see some blue triangles in the graphics window indicating the displacement
contraints.
3. Apply Loads
o As shown in the diagram, there is a load of 20N/mm distributed on the right hand side of the
plate. To apply this load:
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Pressure > On Lines
o When the window appears, select the line along the right hand edge of the plate and click 'OK'
o Calculate the pressure on the plate end by dividing the distributed load by the thickness of the
plate (1 MPa).
o Fill in the "Apply PRES on lines" window as shown below.
 NOTE:
The pressure is uniform along the surface of the plate, therefore the last field is left
blank.
The pressure is acting away from the surface of the plate, and is therefore defined as
a negative pressure.
o The applied loads and constraints should now appear as shown below.

4. Solving the System

Solution > Solve > Current LS

5. Deformation

o General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed Shape > Def + undeformd to view both the
deformed and the undeformed object.
o Observe the locations of deflection.
 6. Deflection
o General Postproc > Plot Results > Nodal Solution... Then select DOF solution, USUM in
the window.
o Alternatively, obtain these results as a list. (General Postproc > List Results > Nodal
Solution...)
o Are these results what you expected? Note that all translational degrees of freedom were
constrained to zero at the left end of the plate.
7. Stresses
o General Postproc > Plot Results > Nodal Solution... Then select Stress, von Mises in the
window. You can list the von Mises stresses to verify the results at certain nodes

General Postproc > List Results. Select Stress, Principals SPRIN

RESULT:
Ex No: 7 STRESS ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM

DATE:

AIM:

To determine the displacement and bending stress of a given Cantilever Beam using Finite Element
Analysis bases ANSYS structure and view the displacement and bending stress plots.

PROCEDURE:

The simplified version that will be used for this

problem is that of a cantilever beam shown in the
following figure:

Preprocessing: Defining the Problem

1. Give the Simplified Version a Title
Utility Menu > File > Change Title (stress analysis of cantilever beam)
2. Enter Keypoints
For this simple example, these keypoints are the ends of the beam.

We are going to define 2 keypoints for the simplified structure as given in the following table

coordinate
keypoint x y z

1 0 0 0
2 500 0 0
From the 'ANSYS Main Menu' select:
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Keypoints > In Active CS

3. Form Lines
The two keypoints must now be connected to form a bar using a straight line.
Select: Preprocessor > Modeling> Create > Lines > Lines > Straight Line.
Pick keypoint #1 (i.e. click on it). It will now be marked by a small yellow
box. Now pick keypoint #2. A permanent line will appear.
When you're done, click on 'OK' in the 'Create Straight Line' window.
4. Define the Type of Element
It is now necessary to create elements on this line.
From the Preprocessor Menu, select: Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete.
 Click on the 'Add...' button. The following window will appear:

For this example, we will use the 3D elastic straight pipe element
as selected in the above figure. Select the element shown and click 'OK'. You should see 'Type 1 PIPE16' in the
'Element Types' window.

Click on the 'Options...' button in the 'Element Types' dialog box. The following window will
appear:

Click and hold the K6 button (second from the bottom), and select 'Include Output' and click 'OK'.
This gives us extra force and moment output.
Click on 'Close' in the 'Element Types' dialog box and close the 'Element Type' menu.

5. Define Geometric Properties

We now need to specify geometric properties for our elements:
In the Preprocessor menu, select Real Constants > Add/Edit/Delete
Click Add... and select 'Type 1 PIPE16' (actually it is already selected). Click on 'OK'.
Enter the following geometric properties:
Outside diameter OD: 25
Wall thickness TKWALL: 2
This defines an outside pipe diameter of 25mm and a wall thickness of 2mm.
Click on 'OK'.
'Set 1' now appears in the dialog box. Click on 'Close' in the 'Real Constants' window.
6. Element Material Properties
You then need to specify material properties:
In the 'Preprocessor' menu select Material Props > Material Models...
Double click Structural > Linear > Elastic and select 'Isotropic' (double click on it) We
are going to give the properties of Aluminum. Enter the following field:
EX 70000
PRXY 0.33
Set these properties and click on 'OK'.
Close the 'Define Material Model Behavior' Window.
7. Mesh Size
In the Preprocessor menu select Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Lines > All Lines
In the size 'SIZE' field, enter the desired element length. For this example we want an element
length of 2cm, therefore, enter '20' (i.e 20mm) and then click 'OK'. Note that we have not yet
meshed the geometry, we have simply defined the element sizes.
NOTE
It is not necessary to mesh beam elements to obtain the correct solution. However,
meshing is done in this case so that we can obtain results (ie stress, displacement) at
intermediate positions on the beam.

8. Mesh
Now the frame can be meshed.
In the 'Preprocessor' menu select Meshing > Mesh > Lines and click 'Pick All' in the 'Mesh
Lines' Window
9. Saving Your Work
Utility Menu > File > Save as.... Select the name and location where you want to save your file.
Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving
1. Define Analysis Type
From the Solution Menu, select 'Analysis Type > New Analysis'.
Ensure that 'Static' is selected and click 'OK'.
2. Apply Constraints
In the Solution menu, select Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On
Keypoints
Select the left end of the rod (Keypoint 1) by clicking on it in the Graphics Window and click
on 'OK' in the 'Apply U,ROT on KPs' window.
This location is fixed which means that all translational and rotational degrees of freedom
(DOFs) are constrained. Therefore, select 'All DOF' by clicking on it and enter '0' in the Value
field and click 'OK'.
3. Apply Loads
As shown in the diagram, there is a vertically downward load of 100N at the end of the bar
In the Structural menu, select Force/Moment > on Keypoints.
Select the second Keypoint (right end of bar) and click 'OK' in the 'Apply F/M' window.
Click on the 'Direction of force/mom' at the top and select FY.
Enter a value of -100 in the 'Force/moment value' box and click
'OK'. The force will appear in the graphics window as a red arrow.

The applied loads and constraints should now appear as shown below.
 4. Solving the System
We now tell ANSYS to find the solution:
Solution > Solve > Current LS
Postprocessing: Viewing the Results

1. Hand Calculations
Now, since the purpose of this exercise was to verify the results - we need to calculate what we should
find.
Deflection:

The maximum deflection occurs at the end of the rod and was found to be 6.2mm as shown above.

Stress:

The maximum stress occurs at the base of the rod and was found to be 64.9MPa as shown above (pure
bending stress).

2. Results Using ANSYS

Deformation
from the Main Menu select General Postproc from the 'ANSYS Main Menu'. In this menu you
will find a variety of options, the two which we will deal with now are 'Plot Results' and
'List Results'
Select Plot Results > Deformed Shape.
Select 'Def + undef edge' and click 'OK' to view both the deformed and the undeformed object.

Observe the value of the maximum deflection in the upper left hand corner (shown here
surrounded by a blue border for emphasis). This is identical to that obtained via hand calculations.
Deflection :
 For a more detailed version of the deflection of the beam,
From the 'General Postproc' menu select Plot results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solution.
Select 'DOF solution' and 'USUM'. Leave the other selections as the default
values. Click 'OK'.

You may want to have a more useful scale, which can be accomplished by going to the Utility
Menu and selecting Plot Controls > Style > Contours > Uniform Contours

o The deflection can also be obtained as a list as shown below. General Postproc > List Results >
Nodal Solution ... select 'DOF Solution' and 'ALL DOFs' from the lists in the 'List Nodal Solution'
window and click 'OK'. This means that we want to see a listing of all translational and rotational
degrees of freedom from the solution. If we had only wanted to see the displacements for example, we
would have chosen 'ALL Us' instead of 'ALL DOFs'.

Are these results what you expected? Again, the maximum deflection occurs at node 2, the right end
of the rod. Also note that all the rotational and translational degrees of freedom were constrained to
zero at node 1.
If you wanted to save these results to a file, use the mouse to go to the 'File' menu (at the upper left-
hand corner of this list window) and select 'Save as'.
Stresses
For line elements (ie beams, spars, and pipes) you will need to use the Element Table to gain access to derived
data (ie stresses, strains).
From the General Postprocessor menu select Element Table > Define Table...
Click on 'Add...'
 As shown above, in the 'Item,Comp' boxes in the above window, select 'Stress' and 'von Mises SEQV'
Click on 'OK' and close the 'Element Table Data' window.
Plot the Stresses by selecting Plot Elem Table in the Element Table Menu
The following window will appear. Ensure that 'SEQV' is selected and click 'OK'

o If you changed the contour intervals for the Displacement plot to "User Specified" you may need to
switch this back to "Auto calculated" to obtain new values for VMIN/VMAX.

Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Style > Contours > Uniform Contours...

Again, select more appropriate intervals for the contour plot

o List the Stresses
From the 'Element Table' menu, select 'List Elem Table'
From the 'List Element Table Data' window which appears ensure 'SEQV' is highlighted
Click 'OK'
Note that a maximum stress of 64.914 MPa occurs at the fixed end of the beam as predicted
analytically.
Bending Moment Diagrams
To further verify the simplified model, a bending
moment diagram can be created. First, let's look at
how ANSYS defines each element. Pipe 16 has 2
nodes; I and J, as shown in the following
image.
To obtain the bending moment for this element, the Element Table must be used. The Element Table
contains most of the data for the element including the bending moment data for each element at Node I and
Node J. First, we need to obtain obtain the bending moment data.
o General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table... . Click 'Add...'.
 o In the window,
A. Enter IMoment as the 'User label for item' - this will give a name to the data
B. Select 'By sequence num' in the Item box
C. Select 'SMISC' in the first Comp box
D. Enter SMISC,6 in the second Comp box
E. Click 'OK'
This will save all of the bending moment data at the left hand side (I side) of each element. Now we
need to find the bending moment data at the right hand side (J side) of each element.
Again, click 'Add...' in the 'Element Table Data' window.
. Enter JMoment as the 'User label for item' - again, this will give a name to the data
A. Same as above
B. Same as above

C. For step D, enter SMISC,12 in the second Comp box

D. Click 'OK'
Click 'Close' in the 'Element Table Data' window and close the 'Element Table' Menu. Select Plot
Results > Contour Plot > Line Elem Res...

From the 'Plot Line-Element Results' window, select 'IMOMENT' from the pull down menu for LabI,
and 'JMOMENT' from the pull down menu for LabJ. Click 'OK'. Note again that you can modify the intervals
for the contour plot.

Now, you can double check these solutions analytically. Note that the line between the I and J
point is a linear interpolation.
Before the explanation of the above steps, enter help pipe16 in the command line as shown below and
then hit enter.
 Briefly read the ANSYS documentation which appears, pay particular attention to the Tables near the
end of the document (shown below).

Table 1. PIPE16 Item, Sequence Numbers, and Definitions for the ETABLE Commands

node I

name item e Definition

MFORX SMISC 1 Member
MFORY SMISC 2 forces at the
MFORZ SMISC 3 node
MMOMX SMISC 4 Member
MMOMY SMISC 5 moments at
MMOMZ SMISC 6 the node

Note that SMISC 6 (which we used to obtain the values at node I) correspond to MMOMZ - the Member
moment for node I. The value of 'e' varies with different Element Types, therefore you must check the ANSYS
Documentation files for each element to determine the appropriate SMISC corresponding to the plot you wish
to generate.

RESULT:
Ex No: 8
THERMAL STRESS ANALYSIS OF A 2D COMPONENT – STATIC

DATE:

AIM:
To determine the temperature distribution axial stress and tangential stress of a given rectangular block
using FEA based ANSYS software and view the temperature distribution axial stress and tangential stress.

PROCEDURE:

A steel link, with no internal stresses, is pinned between two solid structures at a reference
temperature of 0 C (273 K). One of the solid structures is heated to a temperature of 75 C (348 K). As heat is
transferred from the solid structure into the link, the link will attemp to expand. However, since it is pinned this
cannot occur and as such, stress is created in the link. A steady-state solution of the resulting stress will be
found to simplify the analysis.
Loads will not be applied to the link, only a temperature change of 75 degrees Celsius. The link is steel with a
modulus of elasticity of 200 GPa, a thermal conductivity of 60.5 W/m*K and a thermal expansion coefficient
of 12e-6 /K.

Preprocessing: Defining the Problem

According to Chapter 2 of the ANSYS Coupled-Field Guide, "A sequentially coupled physics analysis is the
combination of analyses from different engineering disciplines which interact to solve a global engineering
problem. For convenience, ...the solutions and procedures associated with a particular engineering discipline
[will be referred to as] a physics analysis. When the input of one physics analysis depends on the results from
another analysis, the analyses are coupled."
Thus, each different physics environment must be constructed seperately so they can be used to determine the
coupled physics solution. However, it is important to note that a single set of nodes will exist for the entire
model. By creating the geometry in the first physical environment, and using it with any following coupled
environments, the geometry is kept constant. For our case, we will create the geometry in the Thermal
Environment, where the thermal effects will be applied.
Although the geometry must remain constant, the element types can change. For instance, thermal elements are
required for a thermal analysis while structural elements are required to deterime the stress in the link. It is
important to note, however that only certain combinations of elements can be used for a coupled physics
analysis. For a listing, see Chapter 2 of the ANSYS Coupled-Field Guide located in the help file.
The process requires the user to create all the necessary environments, which are basically the preprocessing
portions for each environment, and write them to memory. Then in the solution phase they can be combined to
solve the coupled analysis.
Thermal Environment - Create Geometry and Define Thermal Properties
 1. Give example a Title
Utility Menu > File > Change Title ...
Thermal Stress Analysis
2. Open preprocessor menu

ANSYS Main Menu > Preprocessor

3. Define Keypoints
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Keypoints > In Active CS...
K,#,x,y,z
We are going to define 2 keypoints for this link as given in the following table:

Keypoint Coordinates (x,y,z)

1 (0,0)
2 (1,0)
4. Create Lines
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > In Active Coord Create
a line joining Keypoints 1 and 2, representing a link 1 meter long.
5. Define the Type of Element
Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete...
For this problem we will use the LINK33 (Thermal Mass Link 3D conduction) element. This
element is a uniaxial element with the ability to conduct heat between its nodes.
6. Define Real Constants
Preprocessor > Real Constants... > Add...
In the 'Real Constants for LINK33' window, enter the following geometric properties:
i. Cross-sectional area AREA: 4e-4
This defines a beam with a cross-sectional area of 2 cm X 2 cm. 7.
Define Element Material Properties
Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Thermal > Conductivity > Isotropic In
the window that appears, enter the following geometric properties for steel:
i. KXX: 60.5
8. Define Mesh Size
Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Lines > All Lines...
For this example we will use an element edge length of 0.1 meters. 9.
Mesh the frame
Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Lines > click 'Pick All' 10.
Write Environment
The thermal environment (the geometry and thermal properties) is now fully described and
can be written to memory to be used at a later time.
Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > Write
In the window that appears, enter the TITLE Thermal and click OK.
11. Clear Environment
Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > Clear > OK
Doing this clears all the information prescribed for the geometry, such as the element type,
material properties, etc. It does not clear the geometry however, so it can be used in the next
stage, which is defining the structural environment.
Structural Environment - Define Physical Properties
Since the geometry of the problem has already been defined in the previous steps, all that is required is to
detail the structural variables.
1. Switch Element Type
Preprocessor > Element Type > Switch Elem Type
Choose Thermal to Struc from the scoll down list.
This will switch to the complimentary structural element automatically. In this case it is LINK
8. For more information on this element, see the help file. A warning saying you should
modify the new element as necessary will pop up. In this case, only the material properties
need to be modified as the geometry is staying the same.
2. Define Element Material Properties
Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic
In the window that appears, enter the following geometric properties for steel:
i. Young's Modulus EX: 200e9
ii. Poisson's Ratio PRXY: 0.3
Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Thermal Expansion Coef
> Isotropic
iii. ALPX: 12e-6
3. Write Environment
The structural environment is now fully described.
Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > Write
In the window that appears, enter the TITLE Struct
Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving
1. Define Analysis Type
Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Static
ANTYPE,0
2. Read in the Thermal Environment
Solution > Physics > Environment > Read
Choose thermal and click OK.
 If the Physics option is not available under Solution, click Unabridged Menu at the bottom of
the Solution menu. This should make it visible.
3. Apply Constraints
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Temperature > On Keypoints Set
the temperature of Keypoint 1, the left-most point, to 348 Kelvin.

4. Solve the System

Solution > Solve > Current LS
SOLVE
5. Close the Solution Menu
Main Menu > Finish
It is very important to click Finish as it closes that environment and allows a new one to be
opened without contamination. If this is not done, you will get error messages.
The thermal solution has now been obtained. If you plot the steady-state temperature on the link, you will
see it is a uniform 348 K, as expected. This information is saved in a file labelled Jobname.rth, were .rth is
the thermal results file. Since the jobname wasn't changed at the beginning of the analysis, this data can be
found as file.rth. We will use these results in determing the structural effects.
6. Read in the Structural Environment
Solution > Physics > Environment > Read
Choose struct and click OK.
7. Apply Constraints
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Keypoints Fix
Keypoint 1 for all DOF's and Keypoint 2 in the UX direction.
8. Include Thermal Effects
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Temperature > From Therm Analy
As shown below, enter the file name File.rth. This couples the results from the solution of the
thermal environment to the information prescribed in the structural environment and uses it
during the analysis.

9. Define Reference Temperature

Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Settings > Reference Temp For this
example set the reference temperature to 273 degrees Kelvin.
 10. Solve the System
Solution > Solve > Current LS

Postprocessing: Viewing the Results 1.

Hand Calculations
Hand calculations were performed to verify the solution found using ANSYS:

As sho wn, the stress in the link should be a uni form 180 MP a in compressi on. 2.
Get Stress Data
Since t he element is only a line, t he stress can't be listed in the normal way. Instead, an
eleme nt table must b e created first.
Gener al Postproc > Element Tabl e > Define Table > Add
Fill in the window as shown belo w. [CompStr > By Sequence Num > LS > LS,1
ETABLE,CompStress,LS,1

3. List the Stress Data

Gener al Postproc > Element Tabl e > List Elem Table > COM PSTR > OK
PRET AB,CompStr

The following list should ap pear. Note the stress in each element: -0.1 80e9 Pa, or 180 MPa in c
ompression as expected.

RESULT:
Ex No: 9
CONDUCTIVE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF A 2D COMPONENT
DATE:

AIM:
To determine the temperature distribution and heat flux of a given 2D component using FEA based
ANSYS software and view the temperature and heat flux.

PROCEDURE:
The Simple Conduction Example is constrained as
shown in the following figure. Thermal
conductivity (k) of the material is 10 W/m*C and
the block is assumed to be infinitely long.

Preprocessing: Defining the Problem

1. Give example a Title
2. Open preprocessor menu
ANSYS Main Menu > Preprocessor

3. Create geometry
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners > X=0, Y=0,
Width=1, Height=1

4. Define the Type of Element

Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete... > click 'Add' > Select Thermal Mass Solid,
Quad 4Node 55

For this example, we will use PLANE55 (Thermal Solid, Quad 4node 55). This element has 4 nodes
and a single DOF (temperature) at each node. PLANE55 can only be used for 2 dimensional steady-
state or transient thermal analysis.
5. Element Material Properties
Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Thermal > Conductivity > Isotropic >
KXX = 10 (Thermal conductivity)

6. Mesh Size
Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Areas > All Areas > 0.05

7. Mesh
Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free > Pick All
Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving
1. Define Analysis Type
Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Steady-State

2. Apply Constraints
For thermal problems, constraints can be in the form of Temperature, Heat Flow, Convection, Heat Flux,
Heat Generation, or Radiation. In this example, all 4 sides of the block have fixed temperatures.
o Solution > Define Loads > Apply
Note that all of the -Structural- options cannot be selected. This is due to the type of element
(PLANE55) selected.
o Thermal > Temperature > On Nodes
o Click the Box option (shown below) and draw a box around the nodes on the top line.

The following window will appear:

o Fill the window in as shown to constrain the side to a constant temperature of 500
o Using the same method, constrain the remaining 3 sides to a constant value of 100
Orange triangles in the graphics window indicate the temperature contraints.
3. Solve the System
Solution > Solve > Current LS

Postprocessing: Viewing the Results

1. Results Using ANSYS
Plot Temperature
 General Postprocessor > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solution ... > DOF solution, Temperature
TEMP

Note that due to the manner in which the boundary contitions were applied, the top corners are held at a
temperature of 100. Recall that the nodes on the top of the plate were constrained first, followed by the side and
bottom constraints. The top corner nodes were therefore first constrained at 500C, then 'overwritten' when the
side constraints were applied. Decreasing the mesh size can minimize this effect, however, one must be aware of
the limitations in the results at the corners.

RESULT:

49