HAZARDOUS

AREA MOTOR/DRIVE PROTECTION PRINCIPLES AND

OPTIMUM SELECTION CRITERIA
Copyright Material PCIC Europe
Paper No. PCIC Middle East ME17-4

Dip.-Ing Hugo Stadler Eur Ing Steve Jackson MA BSc CEng

Siemens Germany Siemens UK

Abstract - This paper will provide an overview of Three components are required to make a hazardous
hazardous area classifications including the situation: - flammable material, oxygen and an ignition
implications of the latest IEC standards and the source.
LV/HV motor & drive protection principles of ‘non-
sparking’, ‘increased safety’, ‘flame proof’ and B. Definition of Zones
‘pressurised’. The relative advantages for each Zone 0 - 1 - 2: Gas & Vapors
technique will then be discussed for different Zone 20 - 21 - 22: Dust
N America
scenarios such as atmosphere, overload, starting, Div 1 Class I ~ Gas Zone 1
inverter operation, size, weight, flexibility and cost. Div 2 Class I ~ Gas Zone 2

Index Terms – Hazardous Area, Protection, Motors,

Increased Safety, Flame Proof, Non-Sparking, Purge. Occurrence: rare, short time
( <10h/a)

I. INTRODUCTION Occurrence: occasional

This paper will cover hazardous area basics, a (10h/a < 1000h/a)

description and comparison of motor Ex protection

types followed by advice on matching drives to Ex Occurrence: permanent, long term
motors and a cost evaluation. (>1000h/a)

II. HAZARDOUS AREA MOTORS & Fig 2 Hazardous Area Zones

DRIVES Zones are defined on the probability of a hazard
occurring in that area. Zone 0 which has a permanent
A. Ex-protection in Electrical Apparatus threat of an occurrence is generally not suitable for
any sort of electrical machine.
Ignition source

C. Precautions

Risk minimization – basic principles according to EN

1127-1.Protection measures have to be undertaken in
the following sequence:

Primary Ex-protection
Prevent hazardous atmospheres
EXPLOSION - Limit concentration of flammable material
- Inertization (add Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide)

Secondary Ex-protection
Avoid every potential ignition source

Tertiary Ex-protection
Explosive atmosphere: Limit the consequences of an explosion to a harmless
gas, vapor, fog, dust and air in degree.
Correct dispersion and
concentration
Protection methods for electrical machines are part of
the secondary precaution to avoid every potential
Fig 1 Conditions for Explosion ignition source.

1
 D. Classification of Electrical Equipment IIB gas group and T3 (200°C) temperature class
motors are by far the most common.
Directive 94/9/EC EN 60079-0

EPL
Ingression protection to IP55 - dust protected and
Equipment Equipment Types of protection Equipment Level of
group category Examples group
Equipment
protection
water jets is standard for all types of Ex motors which
Protection Level
is equivalent to NEMA 3. IP56 - dust protected and
I
M1 Ex ia
I
Ma very high heavy seas are also common. Dust tight IP65 is
M2 Ex d, Ex e Mb high required for IIIC conductive dust and is possible for
Z0 ~ 1G Ex ia Ga very high roller bearing HV motors.
Z1 ~ 2G Ex d, Ex e, Ex px II Gb high

II
Z2 ~ 3G Ex nA, Ex pz Gc increased F. Protection Classes
Z20 ~ 1D Ex ia, Ex ta Da very high
Z21 ~ 2D Ex tb, pD, mD III Db high Electrical machines Monitoring devices
Z22 ~ 3D Ex tc, pD, mD Dc increased
Gas groups: Dust groups: (IP55) Flameproof enclosure (d) > (db) Intrinsic safety (ia, ib)
IIA - Methane, ammonia, ethyl alcohol, etc. IIIA - Combustible flyings
IIB - Town gas, ethylene, hydrogen sulfide, etc. IIIB - Non-conductive dust
IIC - Hydrogen, acetylene, etc. IIIC - Conductive dust (IP65) Pressurized apparatus (p) Encapsulation (m)
Fig 3 Electrical Equipment Classification
Increased safety (e) >(eb) Oil immersion (o)
In the Equipment Category designations M means
Mines, G means Gases and D means Dust. This Non sparking(nA)>(ec) Powder filling (q)
paper will only focus on the G Gases category.

In approximate terms the Explosion Protection Levels Construction standards

Regulation 94/9/EG ATEX,
(EPL) Ga, Gb, Gc correspond to the Equipment European Norms, IEC- Norms
Categories 1G, 2G and 3G which align with the Zones
0, 1 and 2. The latest IEC standards mean that nA
(non sparking) will become ec (for EPL increased - Fig 5 Classes of Protection
zone 2); e (increased safety) will become eb (for EPL
high - zone 1) and d (flameproof) will become db (for Electrical machines use different protection methods
EPL high – zone 1). This terminology is mandatory than monitoring devices. However motors may have
from 2018. installed monitoring devices that require separate
protection.
E. Classification of Gases and Vapours
G. Non Sparking “nA” in future “ec”

Gas Groups Permissible

Ignition Ex-protection
Construction
Basic principle
temperature standards
temperature
IIA (US Group D) IIB (US Group C) IIC (US Group A) class
Non EN Arcs and sparks are prevented during normal operation.
Ammonia, Town gas, T1 Sparking 60079-0 Maximum surface temperature does not exceed the
Hydrogen > 450°C
methane, ethane acrylonitrile Max. 450°C 60079-15 limits of temperature class.
Ethyl alcohol, Ethylene, ethylene Ethyne T2 “nA” will considered as “ec” in the future EN 60079-7
(EN 50014
> 300°C … ≤ 450°C “nA“
n-butane oxide (acetylene) Max. 300°C EN 50021)

Benzene, T3
Hydrogen sulfide > 200°C … ≤ 300°C
n-hexane Max. 200°C Equipment
Installation
protection level
T4
Acetaldehyde Ethyl ether > 135°C … ≤ 200°C Zone 2 Gc
Max. 135°C
T5
> 100°C … ≤ 135°C
Max. 100°C
Carbon T6
> 85°C … ≤ 100°C
disulfide Max. 85°C
Combustibility increases (maximum experimental
safe gap, minimum ignition energy becomes smaller)
Fig 6 Non Sparking Motor
Fig 4 Gases and Vapours Classification
According to EN 60079-15 this is an explosion
Hydrogen is a very combustible gas but has a high protection type in which the risk of ignition sources
ignition temp. The higher the gas combustibility the occurring during normal operation is minimised by
lower the Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE) and the utilising additional methods which can be:
lower the Minimum Ignition Current (MIC) for intrinsic
safety circuits; and the smaller the Maximum nA – non-sparking
Experimental Safe Gap (MESG) for Ex d machines. nC – enclosed break
The higher the ignition temperature; the higher the nL – limited energy
allowable surface temperature; and the lower the nR – restricted breathing
permissible temperature class.

2
nA is the most appropriate method of protection for
electrical machines. In future nA (non sparking) will A flameproof motor must fulfil three prime
become ec for Equipment Protection Level (EPL) - requirements. Firstly the design must limit the outside
increased - zone 2. That is Ex n motors can only be surface temperature not to exceed the permitted
used in zone 2. temperature class. Secondly the explosion resistance
must ensure that an explosion cannot spread to the
A rotor design ignition risk assessment is required for external surroundings. Lastly the pressure resistance
Ex n motors >100kw and other than S1 or S2 prevents any lasting damage or deformation to the
operating modes. A stator winding ignition risk protection of the motor following explosions within the
assessment is required for motors >1kV and other enclosure.
than S1 or S2 operating modes. (EN 60079-15)
Ex d motors typically can handle up to a T4
H. Increased Safety “e” in future “eb” temperature class and with special designs even T5
and T6 can be achieved. In future d (flameproof) will
Ex-protection
Construction
Basic principle become db for EPL high – zone 1.
standards
EN Equipment is designed
Increased 60079-0 to prevent hazardous temperatures, An Ex d motor may have withstood many internal
safety 60079-7 sparks and arcs during normal operation. explosions during its’ lifetime without affecting
Ignition during breakdown is prevented by additional
“e“ (EN 50014
EN 50019) mechanical, electrical and thermic safety measures. operation.

Equipment
J. Pressurized Apparatus “p”
Installation
protection level
Zone 1 Gb
Construction
Zone 2 Gc Ex-protection Basic principle
standards

EN All parts capable of igniting flammable gases are

Pressurised
60079-0 placed inside an enclosure,
“px“ 60079-2 pressurized by a protective gas (min. 0.5bar).
“py“ The surrounding atmosphere
“pz“ (EN 50014
EN 50016) cannot enter during operation.

Fig 7 Increased Safety Motor

Equipment
Installation
protection level
Ex e motors are always de-rated to prevent Zone 1 Gb
hazardous temperatures, sparks and arcs during Zone 2 Gc

normal operation including start-up. This de-rating

makes Ex e motors unpopular and not widely used. In
addition Ex e motors typically can only handle a T3
temperature class.
Fig 9 Pressurized Motor
A stator winding ignition risk assessment is required
The “px” system where a pressurised enclosure which
for motors >1kV. (EN 60079-14) also anti-
reduces the device protection level inside the
condensation heaters must be fitted and additional
pressurised enclosure housing from Gb (zone 1) to
protection during start-up maybe required (purging,
“not at risk of explosions” is the most common. The
measure gas concentration etc.)
“py” system is not suitable for motors and the “pz”
method can be used for zone 2 but is not popular.
In future e (increased safety) will become eb for EPL
high - zone 1.
Leakage Loss Compensation is generally used for
electrical machines rather than a continuous purge.
I. Flameproof “d” in future “db”

Construction
K. Protection Comparison for Low Temps
Ex-protection Basic principle LV-Motors HV-Motors
standards
All parts capable of igniting flammable gases Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex px
EN
Flameproof 60079-0 are placed inside a flameproof enclosure. + + o Low temperatures + + o o

60079-1 An explosion inside is not propagated outside

the enclosure.
“d“ (EN 50014 The outer parts of the flameproof enclosure
EN 50018) do not exceed permissible surface temperatures. BVS 11 ATEX E 084 X

Equipment
Installation
protection level
Zone 1 Gb
Zone 2 Gc
w
The range of ambient temperatures is 40°C down to -20°C. This
L temperature range may be extended to 60°C down to -40°C with a
special electrical or thermal design in which suitable terminal
boxes, materials and components are used, or with the data for the
electrical ratings.

Fig 8 Flameproof Motor Fig 10 Low Temp Protection Comparison

3
Motors in all explosion protection types are available prevent the outside surface exceeding the
for low temperatures down to -40°C and below. temperature class limit.
However, often supplementary measures must be LV-Motors HV-Motors
utilized for low temperature operation. It should also Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex px

be noted that at low temperatures, the strength values o - + Monitoring investment o - + -

of the motor materials decrease, especially plastics.

w

L. Protection Comparison for Inverter Use

LV-Motors HV-Motors Ex nA -Motor Ex e-Motor Ex d-Motor Ex p-Motor
Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex px DOL-operation: DOL-operation: DOL-operation: DOL-operation:
o - ++ Inverter operation o - ++ + Motor protection switch certified motor prot. Motor protection switch
Motor protection switch
and/or thermal Switch with Is/Ir-tE-time- and/or thermal and/or thermal monitoring
Additional effort for testing and certification monitoring curve and/or thermal monitoring plus Ex p -monitoring
monitoring
Inverter operation: Inverter operation: Inverter operation: Inverter operation:
thermal monitoring by thermal monitoring by thermal monitoring by thermal monitoring by
LV-PTC‘s / HV– PT100 LV-PTC‘s / HV– PT100 LV-PTC‘s / HV– PT100 LV-PTC‘s / HV– PT100
Thermal sole thermal sole protection certified thermal sole thermal sole protection plus Ex p -monitoring
protection means test required protection test required test required thermal sole protection
that the PTC is the HV with anti-cond. heater HV with anti-cond. heater test required
ONLY temperature
protection device.

* dependent on Fig 12 Monitoring Investment Comparison

inverter type,
counter torque
x
characteristic and M. Protection Comparison by Weight
speed range
LV-Motors HV-Motors
Fig 11 Inverter Use Protection Comparison Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex px
++ o - Weight ++ - - ++

Non-sparking machines must, as a minimum, first be

Weight comparison for LV motors Weight comparison for HV-motors
type tested as a system with the actual inverter to be KG/KW KG

used or a comparable one. For Ex nA it must be 22.5 18000

20.0 Ex nA - 1PS1
ensured that the permissible inner as well as outer 17.5
Ex nA - 1PS1 16000
Ex e - 1PS2
Ex e - 1PS2 14000
temperature does not exceed the temperature class 15.0 Ex d - 1PS5 12000
Ex d - 1PS5
limit during operation, particularly at low speeds when 12.5
10000
Ex px - 1PS6

the cooling fan may also be running slowly. 10.0

8000
7.5
6000
5.0
Ex e motors must always be tested and certified as a 2.5
4000

complete system together with the actual inverter to 0.0

90 100 112 132 160 180 200 225 250 280 315
2000

0
be used (the only exception is PTB certification with Shaft height
250kW 710kW 1250kW 4000kW

significant power de-rating – taking into account the Fig 13 Weight Protection Comparison
thermal reserves – and only for a square law load Ex nA and Ex p motors have the lowest weight.
torque). Generally Ex e motors with the same power rating are
at least one or two frame sizes larger (especially for 2
Ex p motors can always be operated with an inverter. and 4-pole motors) and are therefore heavier. The
However if the purge system fails it must be ensured higher the power rating, the more significant the
that the inner temperatures do not exceed the differences in the corresponding shaft heights.
permissible temperature class limit. This also applies
to mounted/installed components, for example heating Generally, an Ex d motor has the same active part as
systems. an Ex nA or Ex p motor. However, the enclosure and
the end shields are significantly bigger and therefore
For all Ex e, Ex nA and Ex p motors, the permissible also heavier as they must withstand high explosion
inverter must be specified on the certificate, and the pressures.
necessary tripping device on the manufacturer's N. Protection Comparison for Large Power
declaration or on the Ex certificate. LV-Motors HV-Motors
Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex px

The inner components of Ex d motors e.g. heating o - o Large power rating ++ -- o ++

system, do not generally require an Ex version. The Output power limits 6kV/50Hz air cooled.
installed temperature sensors are selected and kW

located so that they trip earlier before the motor 12000

surface reaches the temperature limit. This is the 10000

reason that other inverters can be used with Ex d 8000 Ex nA

motors, assuming that the company operating the Ex e
drive system complies with the regulations specified 6000
Ex d
by the motor manufacturer. 4000
Ex px
2000

Thermal sole protection test means that the 0

temperature sensor trip (PTC in winding) is tested 2-pole 4-pole 6-pole 8-pole
because it is the sole (only) means of protection to Fig 14 Large Power Protection Comparison

4
HV Ex d motors, as a result of the necessary P. Protection Comparison by Ops Costs
explosion protection, can only have higher power LV-Motors HV-Motors
ratings in IC511/IC516 (tube cooling, tubes Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex px
concentrically arranged around the stator core); a + ++ + Operational costs + ++ + -

mounted cooler is not possible. 1000mm is the Comparison of efficiency for LV-Motors Comparison of efficiency for HV-Motors
maximum shaft height that can still be tested in the 100.0% 97.5%

worlds largest Ex d test laboratory. As a 98.0%

96.0%
97.0%

consequence, the maximum power for a 4-pole motor 94.0%

92.0%
96.5%

with 6kV is approx. 8 MW. 90.0%

Ex nA / Ex d / Ex p
96.0%

88.0% 95.5% Ex nA / Exd / Ex p

86.0%
Ex e - 1PS2 95.0%
Ex e - 1PS2
2 and 4 pole Ex e motors, with power ratings above 84.0%
82.0% 94.5%

approx. 2.5 MW are no longer practical because 80.0%

78.0%
94.0%
250kW 710kW 1250kW 4000kW
achieving a reasonable (long) safe locked rotor time 3kW 55kW 250kW 710kW

(te) it is necessary to reduce the starting current, Fig 16 Ops Costs Protection Comparison
which leads to a low starting torque. As a result of the lower thermal utilization, an Ex e
motor has lower copper losses, and therefore in
When it comes to higher power ratings, there are no comparison, a higher efficiency.
restrictions for Ex nA and Ex p motors.
For Ex p motors, the costs associated with the
O. Protection Comparison for Flexibility purging air supply (purchase, installation and
operating costs) is an additional cost, which
LV-Motors HV-Motors depending on the motor size and bearing design, can
Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex px amount to several thousand Euros per year.
o - ++ Flexibility for applications o - ++ +

DOL / Q. Protection Comparison Summary Table

Inverter
operation
independent
LV-Motors HV-Motors
Ambient
installation Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex px
temperatures
-- ++ ++ Operation in Zone 1 – Gas/Vapors -- ++ ++ ++
++ ++ ++ Gas group ((IIA, IIB, IIC) ++ ++ + ++
o - ++ Temperature class (T3-T6) o - ++ o
o - + Dust ignition proof o - + o
Process
Applications o o - Ability for corrosive cooling medium o o - +
reliability + + + Low temperatures + + o o
+ - ++ Overload operation + - ++ ++
o - + Heavy duty starting o - + +
Duty types o - ++ Inverter operation o - ++ +
o - + Monitoring investment o - + -
++ o - Weight ++ - - ++
Fig 15 Flexibility Protection Comparison o - o Large power rating ++ -- o ++
o - ++ Flexibility for applications o - ++ +
+ ++ + Operational costs + ++ + -
Ex d motors have the best flexibility, because in o o o Maintenance costs o o o -

principle, they can be designed for normal line Comparison based on experience from Service and Engineering information
operation, intermittent duty, inverter operation as well Fig 17 Comparison Summary Table
as heavy-duty starting. For an Ex nA motor, Evaluation Key
intermittent duty is no longer considered normal ++ Very well suited
operation; as a consequence, starting must also be + Well suited
taken into account in the explosion protection 0 Suited
assessment, which makes it similar to an Ex e motor. - Less suited
-- Not suited
Intermittent duty is only possible for an Ex p motor if it
is continually purged (also at standstill). R. Cost Comparison
An essential advantage of Ex d high-voltage motors, 6kV / 50Hz – 1500rpm - AT -20/+40°C, air cooled
when compared to Ex p and Ex e motors (which must 150%
Ex nA (1PS1)
be purged before starting) is that following a power Ex e (1PS2)*
failure or after the motor has been switched off, it can 140%
Ex d (1PS4)
be immediately restarted. Ex px (1PS6)
130%

120%

110%

100%

90%
300kW 800kW 1600kW 2500kW 5000kW

Fig 18 Cost Comparison

5
Ex na motors are always the most cost effective but [3] EN 1127-1:2011 Explosive atmospheres.
are only suitable for zone 2 operation. Ex e motors Explosion prevention and protection. Basic concepts
are always expensive because they are de-rated. Ex and methodology
p are the most expensive when small but become [4] Directive 2014/34/EU Equipment for potentially
cheaper the bigger the motor size because the purge explosive atmospheres (ATEX)
system becomes less as a proportion of the total [5] EN 60079-1:2014. Explosive atmospheres.
motor cost. Ex d becomes the most expensive as the Equipment protection by flameproof enclosures "d".
explosion proof enclosure becomes a larger [6] EN 60079-2:2014. Explosive atmospheres.
proportion of the total motor cost. Equipment protection by pressurized enclosure "p".
[7] EN 60079-7:2015. Explosive atmospheres.
S. Info required for Ideal Motor Selection Equipment protection by increased safety "e"
[8] EN 60079-15:2010. Explosive atmospheres.
Equipment protection by type of protection "n".
Starting
Driven
conditions
[9] EN 60079-14:2014. Explosive atmospheres.
Equipment
e.g. 3/2 Electrical installations design, selection and erection
e.g..: Pump [10] Barata et al. “Flameproof Motors operating in the
Certification
Zone, Gas cold/hot
Mg ~ n²
Norm
group 80% RV Artic Circle without the need for preheating” PCIC
Installation Europe Conference Record, BER-61 2016.
Temperature
Country
e.g.: Gost /
Operation -class Required [11] Munro et al. “Are the IEC requirements for
mode e.g.: IIC T4
Russia cooling type overpressure testing of Ex d equipment appropriate?”
e.g. DOL or
Inverter
e.g. IC411, PCIC Europe Conference Record, BER-41 2016.
Cooling IC511,
overload [12] Mistry et al. “What is new in next edition of IEC
temperature IC81W etc.
duty cycle altitude 60079-7 standard of Ex e motors?” PCIC Europe
e.g. Conference Record, LO-109 2015.
-45/+40°C [13] Neleman et al. “Motor Controls for Ex Motors in
1000m Hazardous Areas: An Application Guide” PCIC
Europe Conference Record, BA-06 2009.
Fig 19 Motor Selection Info Required
VI. VITA
It is easier to optimise the proposed motor/drive
solution when more information can be specified at Dipl.-Ing Hugo Stadler
the quotation stage.
Hugo Stadler graduated from the Fachhochschule
Regensburg with an Electrical Engineer Dipl.-Ing.
III. CONCLUSION (FH). After six years in the development department
for variable speed drives at SIEMENS (Loher) he
Flameproof Ex d motors provide the best flexibility moved into the sales department and served key
across LV and HV ranges; they can also be used with customers in the Oil & Gas and Chemical industry.
any manufacturer’s inverter without special testing. Hugo’s competence is electrical motors, frequency
However, Ex d motors become increasingly expensive inverters and ex-protection with over 40 years service
& heavy with a maximum limit of circa 8MW, so Ex p and experience with the SIEMENS (Loher) company.
is better for larger sizes. Today Hugo Stadler is responsible for the SIEMENS
sales of LV drive systems to the Oil & Gas industry.

IV. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Eur Ing Steve Jackson MA BSc CEng

Steve Jackson graduated from the University of Bath

The authors acknowledge the contributions made to
this paper over the years by such hazardous area
motor luminaries as Helmut Hasch, Karl Hofbauer,
Klaus Neupert, Thomas Mutzl, Thomas Fuchs and
Ulrich Schanzer.
V. REFERENCES
[1] Siemens Loher, Ruhstorf Explosion proof drives –
Planning and Engineering Course: DR-EX-PL
[2] Siemens ABC of Motors Manual – October 2009
Chemical Engineering School with a BSc (Hons) in
1982. During 2016 he enhanced his academic
qualifications with a Masters in Sales Management
from the University of Portsmouth. In 1987 Steve
became a Chartered Engineer and in 1994 a
European Engineer. He has been a Member of the
Institute of Measurement and Control for nearly 30
years. Over the course of his career Steve has
worked for Fisher Controls, Elsag Bailey, ABB,
Endress+Hauser and for the last 12 years SIEMENS
– in the fields of automation, instrumentation, process
analytics and electrical engineering. Steve is also a
committee member for the Energy Industries Council
(EIC).

6
 VII. APPENDIX Enlarged Figures

Directive 94/9/EC EN 60079-0

EPL
Equipment Equipment Types of protection Equipment Level of
Equipment
group category Examples group protection
Protection Level

M1 Ex ia Ma very high
I I
M2 Ex d, Ex e Mb high
Z0 ~ 1G Ex ia Ga very high
Z1 ~ 2G Ex d, Ex e, Ex px II Gb high
Z2 ~ 3G Ex nA, Ex pz Gc increased
II
Z20 ~ 1D Ex ia, Ex ta Da very high
Z21 ~ 2D Ex tb, pD, mD III Db high
Z22 ~ 3D Ex tc, pD, mD Dc increased
Gas groups: Dust groups: (IP55)
IIA - Methane, ammonia, ethyl alcohol, etc. IIIA - Combustible flyings
IIB - Town gas, ethylene, hydrogen sulfide, etc. IIIB - Non-conductive dust
IIC - Hydrogen, acetylene, etc. IIIC - Conductive dust (IP65)

Fig 3 Electrical Equipment Classification

LV-Motors HV-Motors
Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex px
o - ++ Inverter operation o - ++ +

Additional effort for testing and certification

Thermal sole
protection means
that the PTC is the
ONLY temperature
protection device.

* dependent on
inverter type,
counter torque
characteristic and
x
speed range

Fig 11 Inverter Use Protection Comparison

7
 LV-Motors HV-Motors
Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex px
++ o - Weight ++ - - ++

Weight comparison for LV motors Weight comparison for HV-motors

KG/KW KG
22.5 18000

20.0 Ex nA - 1PS1
Ex nA - 1PS1 16000
17.5
Ex e - 1PS2 14000
Ex e - 1PS2
15.0 Ex d - 1PS5 Ex d - 1PS5
12000
12.5 Ex px - 1PS6
10000
10.0
8000
7.5
6000
5.0
4000
2.5
2000
0.0
90 100 112 132 160 180 200 225 250 280 315 0
250kW 710kW 1250kW 4000kW
Shaft height

Fig 13 Weight Protection Comparison

LV-Motors HV-Motors
Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex nA Ex e Ex d Ex px
-- ++ ++ Operation in Zone 1 – Gas/Vapors -- ++ ++ ++
++ ++ ++ Gas group ((IIA, IIB, IIC) ++ ++ + ++
o - ++ Temperature class (T3-T6) o - ++ o
o - + Dust ignition proof o - + o
o o - Ability for corrosive cooling medium o o - +
+ + + Low temperatures + + o o
+ - ++ Overload operation + - ++ ++
o - + Heavy duty starting o - + +
o - ++ Inverter operation o - ++ +
o - + Monitoring investment o - + -
++ o - Weight ++ - - ++
o - o Large power rating ++ -- o ++
o - ++ Flexibility for applications o - ++ +
+ ++ + Operational costs + ++ + -
o o o Maintenance costs o o o -

Comparison based on experience from Service and Engineering information

Fig 17 Comparison Summary Table

Fig 20 Gas Hazard Marking – in future the EPL will be added to the end eg ‘……………Ex d IIC T4 Gb’