GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY

UNIT 3: BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND FRANKISH EMPIRE

UNIT 3: BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND FRANKISH EMPIRE

OUTLINE ASPECTOS LINGÜÍSTICOS VOCABULARY

1 - THE DECLINE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND • AT THE BEGINNING

GERMANIC TRIBES (PEOPLES) PASADO SIMPLE. VERBOS • BATTLE AXE
• THE CRISIS AND FALL OF ROMAN
EMPIRE
REGULARES E • COUNTIES
• THE DIVISION OR ROMAN EMPIRE IRREGULARES. • TO DECLINE
(THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE AND CAN/ CAN´T. • EASTERN EMPIRE
THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE).
• EMPRESS
• THE GERMANIC TRIBES COULD/ COULDN´T.
• ACTIVITIES • FALL
• FOR A LONG TIME
2 - THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE
PHONETICS
• IMPRESSIVE
• CHARACTERISTICS • KEEP WATCH
• JUSTINIAN
:/
/

/
/
/u:/ • MARCHES
• ACTIVITIES
/u/ /:/ ə/
/ə • MAYOR OF THE
3 - BYZANTINE CIVILIZATION PALACE
• CHARACTERISTICS INGLÉS: LA • ONCE AND FOR ALL
• CULTURE AND ART PRONUNCIACIÓN DE LOS • RIOTS
• ACTIVITIES PASADOS REGULARES. • TO SET UP
4 - THE FRANKISH OR CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE • TO SETTLE DOWN
• THE FRANKS • SUBJECTS
• CHARLES MARTEL AND THE BATTLE • TOPICS
OF TOURS
• CHARLEMAGNE
• TRIBES
• WESTERN EMPIRE
5 – CULTURE OF CAROLINGIANS
• CHARACTERISTICS
• ACTIVITIES

6 - VOCABULARY

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PHOETICS •

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•

:/
/

/
/
/u:/
/u/ /:/ ə/
/ə

INGLÉS: LA
PRONUNCIACIÓN DE LOS
PASADOS REGULARES.

1 – THE DECLINE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND GERMANIC TRIBES (PEOPLES)

From the 3rd century on, Rome faced a social, political and economical crisis. The Empire was too
large for one person to rule it, so Emperor Diocletian divided it into four parts and worked on other reforms.
These reforms failed to improve the situation of the Roman Empire, and so did Constantine reforms, who
became Emperor in 312.
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Another Emperor, Theodosius, trying to overcome the crisis, decided to divide the Empire after his
death and give them to his two sons. In 395, the Roman Empire split into two separate parts:

- The Western Roman Empire, with its capital in

Rome.
- The Eastern Roman Empire, with its capital in
Constantinople.

These two parts of the Empire followed two very

different destinies:

- The Western Roman Empire only survived until

476, when Germanic tribes defeated the last Roman
Emperor.
- The Eastern Roman Empire resisted the invasion
of Germanic tribes and lasted until 1453. http://go.hrw.com/venus_images/0304MC05.gif

These two dates, 476 (fall of the Western Roman Empire) and 1453 (fall of the Eastern Roman
Empire), mark the beginning and the end of the Medieval Age.
http://www.worldology.com/Europe/images/decline_rome.jpg

There were many different Germanic groups:

Ostrogoths, Lombards, Visigoths, Franks, Vandals, Angles
and Saxons. They came from the forests of northern
Europe in search of warm climates and better land for their
cattle.
http://i285.photobucket.com/albums/ll54/Liffrea66/Visigoth_warrior.jpg
At the beginning they settled
down in the borders of the Roman
Empire but soon they were fighting
to take control of more land. These
tribes occupied different areas after
the fall of the Western Roman
Empire:
- Franks in France.
- Vandals in Northern Africa.
- Visigoths in Spain.
- Ostrogoths and Lombards in Italy.
- Angles and Saxons in Britain.
http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/1320hist&civ/slides/08romfal/romeburning.jpg

Activities:
- Answer these questions:
• Which emperor divided the Roman Empire into four parts?...................................................................
• Which emperor divided the Roman Empire into Western Empire and Eastern Empire?.......................
• What was the capital of Western Empire?.............................................................................................
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• What was the capital of Eastern Empire?..............................................................................................

- Create a time line and place these historic events and periods in their corresponding places: -Rome faced a
social, political and economical crisis-; -Constantine became Emperor-; -The Roman Empire split into two
separate parts-; -Fall of the Western Roman Empire-; -Fall of the Eastern Roman Empire-; -The Middle Ages-; -
The Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire)-.

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC

- List the name of seven Germanic tribes and write of the name different areas that they occupied
after the fall of the Western Roman Empire:

2 – THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE

The Eastern Roman Empire had its capital at

Constantinople, a former Greek colony named Byzantium, and it
grew rich and powerful. It was known as Byzantine Empire.

At the beginning the Byzantine Empire followed Roman

traditions, but later it adopted some Greek customs, for example,
Greek replaced Latin as the official language, and emperors were
called “basileus”, the Greek word for king.

The Byzantine Empire reached its peak with Emperor

Justinian in the 6th century. At this time the Empire stretched to
Italy, North of Africa and South of Spain (apart from the former
territories of Greece, Asia Minor and Egypt).

Justinian became Emperor in 527 and ruled until 565. He

was a strong leader and was helped by efficient government
officials and by his wife Theodora, who was very intelligent.
http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/1320hist&civ/slides/05space/justinian.jpg

Justinian also organized the laws. After his reforms, laws were easier to understand and his Law
Code had great influence in the rest of Europe. After Justinian died, the Empire began to lose territories and
was conquered by different peoples. Finally it was defeated and dominated by the Turkish once and for all.

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Activity:

- With the help of the

above map, write in
the map on the right
the territories that
formed the Byzantine
Empire in times of
Justinian. Write out
its capital as well.
http://www.roma-tours.com/
g/byzantine_empire.gif

3 – BYZANTINE CIVILIZATION

Byzantine culture was a mix of Roman, Greek

and Christian elements. For a long time Constantinople
was the largest and richest city in Europe. This was in
part because of the geographical situation of the Empire
as a centre of trade between Europe and Asia.

Byzantines were educated and produced

impressive works of art. Constantinople was known for
its churches and palaces. The most important building
was Hagia Sophia, a huge church completed in 537. It
still stands in Istanbul as a museum. http://www.mlahanas.de/Hellas/Byzanz/Bio/TheodoraI.jpg

Also important and beautiful were Byzantine mosaics, made of bits of coloured glass or stone that
decorated the inside of churches, monasteries and museums.

Activity:

- Look for information about the Nika riots (revolts) or

about the basilica (church) of Hagia Sophia (Holy
Wisdom) and write an original composition about one of
those topics.
............................................................................................

…………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………….............

………………………………………………………….............
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………………………………………………………….............
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Digital reconstruction of Hagia Sophia how it was in times of Justinian.

http://josephpatterson.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/hagia-sophia.jpg

Hagia Sophia nowadays. http://www.turkeyportal.com/wp-

content/uploads/Hagia_Sophia.jpg

4 – THE FRANKISH OR CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE

http://www.islam-watch.org/Assets/Battle-of-Poitiers-Tours-Charles-Martel-Ramadan-month.jpg
One of the Germanic peoples were the Franks. They settled down
in the area of today’s France. Frankish kings often fought between them
and government was in the hands of the nobles.
The most important of these nobles was called “the
mayor of the palace”. One of these mayors was
Charles Martel, who defeated the Muslims coming
from Spain at the Battle of Tours (also known as
Battle of Poitiers) in 732. His men used a type of
battle axe called <<Francisca axe>>. This stopped
Muslim advance into Europe.
http://www.swordsswords.com/images/products/display/Antiqued_Vikings_Francisca
_Axe_1.jpg
Pippin, Charles Martel’s son also became also mayor of the
palace, and in 751 he became king of the Franks. Pippin was succeeded
by his son Charles, who increased the territory of the Frankish kingdom
and became emperor in 800. He founded the Carolingian Empire. Because
of all his conquests he was known as Charlemagne or Charles the Great.

Charlemagne divided the territory into counties and marches (in

the border areas). They were administrative units. To keep the nobles
under control, he had the “missi dominici” (messengers of the lord), who
checked that the rules were followed.

But after Charlemagne’s death his empire did not last. His son
Louis was a weak leader and after he died the kingdom was divided
between his three sons: Charles, Louis and Lothair.
http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/charlemagne_coronation.jpg

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5 – CULTURE OF CARILINGIANS

Charlemagne was an intelligent person who

studied many subjects. He wanted his people to be
educated. He set up a school in one of the royal
palaces (Palatine Chapel) where the children of
government officials studied. The subjects included
grammar, rhetoric, dialectic and the elements of
geometry, astronomy, and music (seven liberal arts).

http://www.irelandhistory.org/pictures/empire-of-charlemagne.gif

http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/Images/109images/Carolingian/Ebbo_Matthew.jpg
http://www.blogarquitectura.com/wp-content/uploads/Capilla-Palatina-Aquisgr%C3%A1n.jpg

Activities:

- Look for information about the Frankish tribe and answer these questions:
• What was the name of the first king of all Franks in the 6th century?
• Name another Germanic tribe that was defeated by that king in the year 507 in France?
• What was the name of that battle?
• What was the name of the dynasty that was founded by that king?

- Read the questions. Choose the correct answer.

• Who was Charles Martel? a) a king b) a mayor of the palace c) Pippin´s son
• When did Pippin become into king?: a) 751 b) 800 c) 732
• Who become into Emperor in the year 800? a) Charlemagne b) Louis c) Lothair
• What was the name of men who keep watched the nobles? a) marches b) missi dominici c) messengers of
the god
• What is the name of Charlemagne´s son? a) Lothair b) Charles c) Louis

- Look for information about Charlemagne and answer these questions:

• In which year was he born?...................................................................................................................
• In which year did he die?.......................................................................................................................
• What territories did he conquer?............................................................................................................
• With which other tribes did he fight?......................................................................................................
• Who what? Pope was Charlemagne crowned by?................................................................................
• What was the Carolingian Renaissance?..............................................................................................

- Say if these events, names, and churches belong to the Byzantine Empire or the Frankish (Carolingian) Empire.
• Basileus……………………………………………………………………………..
• Battle of Tours or Poitiers…………………………………………………………
• Eastern Empire...............................................................................................
• Emperor Charlemagne....................................................................................
• Emperor Justinian...........................................................................................
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• Empress Theodora………………………………………………………………...
• Francisca Axe…………………………………………………………………........
• Hagia Sophia………………………………………………………………………..
• Missi Dominici………………………………………………………………………
• Nika Riots…………………………………………………………………………... http://media.lonelyplanet.com/lpimg/6331/6331-
1/preview.jpg
• Palatine Chapel............................................................................................... http://hartforth.com/images/CharlemagneCrown.jpg
http://standingandwaiting.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/soli
dus-justinian_ii-christ_b-sb1413.jpg
http://www.kalipedia.com/kalipediamedia/historia/media/20
- What of these photos belong to Byzantine Empire or Frankish Empire? 0707/17/hisuniversal/20070717klphisuni_53.Ees.SCO.png

6 – VOCABULARY

English Pronunciation Spanish

A
Also adv. /'
:lsəʊ/ También, además
As well adv. /əz/ /wi:l/ También
At the beginning expression de tiempo /æt/ /ði/ /b'gnŋ/ Al principio, en el principio
B
Battle axe sust. y sust. /'bætl/ /æks/ Hacha de batalla
Bits sust. /bt/ Trozos, pedazos
Border areas adj. y sust. /'b
:rdər/ /'eriə/ Áreas fronterizas
C
to Call verb. /k
:l/ Llamar
Cattle sust. /'kætḷ/ Ganado, reses
to Check verb. /tʃek/ Controlar, revisar
Churches sust. /tʃ:rtʃis/ Iglesias
Conquer verb /'kɑ:ŋkər/ Conquistar
to Conquests sust. /'kɑ:ŋkwests/ Conquistas
Counties sust. /kaʊnti:s/ Condados
Customs sust. /'kstəms/ Costumbres
D
Death sust. /deθ/ Muerte
Decline sust. /d'klan/ Declive, decadencia
to Defeat verb. /d'fi:t/ Derrotar
Destiny sust. /'destni/ Destino
to Divide into verb. /d'vad/ /'ntu/ Dividir en
Dynasty sust. /'dnəsti/ Dinastía
E
Eastern empire adj. y sust. /'i:stərn / /'empaə(r)/ Imperio oriental
Emperor sust. /'empərər/ Emperador
Empress sust. /'emprs/ Emperatriz

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Events sust. /'vents/ Eventos

F
to Face verb. /fes/ Enfrentarse, encararse
Fall sust. /f
:l/ Caída
to Follow verb. /'fɑ:ləʊ / Seguir
For a long time adv. expression de tiempo /f
:r / /e/ /'l
:ŋ / /tam/ Por mucho tiempo
G
Grammar sust. /'græmər/ Gramática
H
Huge adj. /'hju:d(/ Enorme, inmenso-a, gigantesco-a
I
Impressive adj. /m'presv/ Admirable, digno-a de admiración
to Improve verb. /m'pru:v/ Mejorar
K
Keep watch verb. /ki:p/ /wɑ:tʃ/ Vigilar, mantener la vigilancia
L
Large adj. /lɑ:rd(/ Grande
Last adj. /lɑ:st/ Último-a
Law code sust. y sust. /l
:/ /kəʊd/ Código de leyes, Código legislativo

Leader sust. /'li:dər/ Líder, dirigente

Liberal arts adj. y sust. /'lbərəl/ /ɑ:rts/ Artes liberales
to List verb. /lst/ Enumerar
M
Marches sust. /mɑ:rtʃs/ Marcas
Mayor of the palace sust., prep., art., sust. /'meər/ /ɑ:v/ /ði/ /'pæləs/ Mayordomo de palacio
Mix sust. /mks/ Mezcla
N
Nobles sust. /'nəʊbəls/ Nobles
O
Once and for all expresión de tiempo /wns/ /ænd/ /f
:r / /
:l/ De una vez por todas, definitivamente
to Overcome verb. /ʊvə'km/ Vencer
P
Palatine palace sust. /palə)tīn/ /'pæləs/ Palacio palatino
R
to Reform verb. /'ri:'f
:rm/ Reformar
to Replace verb. /r'ples/ Reemplazar, sustituir
Riots sust. /'raəts Revueltas, disturbios
S
Search sust. /s:rtʃ/ Búsqueda
Set up verb. /set/ /p/ Fundar, erigir, establecer
to Settle down verb.y adv. /'setḷ/ /daʊn/ Asentarse
Son sut. /sn/ Hijo
Soon adv. /su:n/ Pronto
to Split into verb. /splt/ /'ntu/ Dividir en
Subjects sust. /'sbd(kts/ Temas, materias
T
Topics sust. /'t+pks/ Temas
Tribes sust. /trabs/ Tribus
U
Under control prep. y sust. /'ndər/ /kən'trəʊl/ Bajo control

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Until adv. /n'tl/ Hasta

W
Warm adj. /w
:rm/ Cálido
Western empire adj. y sust. /'westərn/ /'empaə(r)/ Impero occidental
Wife sust. /waf/ Esposa, mujer

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