Baldorado, Kyla

Perez, Daniel Jr.

CARBOHYDRATES

- It is a biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

- It is the most abundant among the 4 biomolecules.
- Carbohydrates is an immediate source of energy unlike lipids that is good for storage, protein
the building block of our body and nucleic acid that is already found in our body.

Groups of Carbohydrates

1.) Monosaccharide
- Basic unit of carbohydrate
Types Definition Example Structure
a.) Glucose - It is a simple sugar - Dairy
C6H12O6 products

b.) Fructose - Commonly found - Sugar cane,

in plants. sugar beets
C6H12O6

c.) Galactose - Components of - Banana,

sugar. blackberry,
C6H12O6 cherry
2.) Disaccharide
- This is formed when two monosaccharide are joined by glycosidic bond.
Types Definition Example Structure
a.) Sucrose - Glucose + Fructose - Table sugar
C12H22O11

b.) Lactose - Galactose + - Milk, yogurt

Glucose
C12H22O11

c.) Maltose - Glucose + Glucose - Cereals,

C12H22O11 brewed
beverages

3.) Oligosaccharide
- It is a saccharide polymer containing three to ten monosaccharide. The function of
oligosaccharide includes cell recognition and cell binding.
Types Definition Example Structure
a.) Raffinose - Galactose + - It can be
glucose + Fructose found in
C18H32O16 beans,
cabbage and
other
vegetables.

b.) Stachyose - 2 galactose + - Less sweet

Fructose + Glucose than sucrose,
C24H42O21 cant digest
completely by
humans.
Beans and
peas.
c.) Verbascose - compose of 5 - Legumes,
molecule sugar. 3 asparagus
galactose + glucose
+ fructose
C30H52O26
4.) Polysaccharide
- This polymeric carbohydrate molecule composed of thousand chains of monosaccharide.
Polysaccharide and oligosaccharide differ from the number of their monosaccharide.
Types Definition Example Structure
a.) Starch - Large number of - Produced by
glucose unit. green plants.
(C6H10O5) n - (H2O) Flour, corn

b.) Cellulose - Component of - Usually found

primary cell wall of in whole
green plants. grain, oats
- Like a plant
skeleton
(C6H10O5)n
c.) Chitin - It is a long chain - Scale of fish,
polymer. arthropods,
(C8H13O5N)n crusteceans

d.) Glycogen - Appears to - Whole wheat , pasta,

function as an oats, animals
immediate reserve
source of available
glucose for muscle
cells. (C6H10O5)n